Physical Computing INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept....

Physical ComputingPhysical Computing

INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

Introduction to ELECTRONICS

“Transducer”

Introduction to Digital World

Digitus (latin) = Finger


Electronics

deals with the controlled flow of electrons

The ability to control electron flow is usually applied to information handling or device control.


Electricity

phenomena resulting from the Presence and flow of electric charge

deals with the generation, distribution, control and application of electrical power


Electric potential


Electric current

a flow of electric charge

unit for rate of flow of electric charge is the ampere.

conductive metal


Electric ~ Trafic


Electric Components


Wires

carry electricity and telecommunications signals


Switch (anahtar)

electrical component that can break an electrical circuit


Resistors (direnç)

produces a voltage across its terminals

that is proportional to the electric current

V = IR


Potentiometer

three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider

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Diode (diyot)

allow an electric current in one

direction and to block the current

in the opposite direction


Light Emiting Diode(LED) electronic light source

lower energy consumption, longer lifetime,

improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching


Circuit

a closed path or paths formed by the interconnection of electronic

components through which an electric current can

flow


Breadboard

Resistor ValueINST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

Transducers

A transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to another.

Transducers may be categorized by application: Sensor, actuator, or combination.


SensorsA sensor is a device that measures a physical

quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.

•Acoustic, sound, vibration•Automotive, transportation•Chemical•Electric current, electric potential•magnetic, radio•Environment, weather, humidity•Flow, fluid velocity•Radiation, subatomic particles

•Navigation instruments•Position, angle, displacement •distance, speed, acceleration•Optical, light, imaging•Pressure•Force, density, level•Thermal, heat, temperature•Proximity, presence


Acoustic, sound, vibrationGeophoneHydrophoneLace Sensor a guitar pickupMicrophoneSeismometerAccelerometer

Automotive, transportationAir-fuel ratio meterCrank sensorCurb feeler, used to warn driver of curbsDefect detector, used on railroads to detect axle and signal problems in passing trainsMAP sensorParking sensors, used to alert the driver of unseen obstacles during parking manoeuvresRadar gun, used to detect the speed of other objectsSpeedometer, used measure the instantaneous speed of a land vehicleSpeed sensor, used to detect the speed of an objectThrottle position sensor, used to monitor the position of the throttle in an internal combustion engineVariable reluctance sensor, used to measure position and speed of moving metal componentsWater sensor or water-in-fuel sensor, used to indicate the presence of water in fuelWheel speed sensor, used for reading the speed of a vehicle's wheel rotatio


Optical, light, imaging

Charge-coupled deviceColorimeterContact image sensorElectro-optical sensorFlame detectorInfra-red sensorLED as light sensorNichols radiometerFiber optic sensorsPhotodetectorPhotodiodePhotomultiplier tubesPhototransistorPhotoelectric sensorPhotoionization detectorPhotomultiplierPhotoresistorPhotoswitchPhototubeProximity sensorScintillometerShack-HartmannWavefront sensor

Position, angle, displacementDistance, speed, acceleration

AccelerometerCapacitive displacement sensorFree fall sensorInclinometerLaser rangefinderLinear encoderLinear variable differential transformerLiquid capacitive inclinometersOdometerPiezoelectric accelerometerPosition sensorRotary encoderRotary variable differential transformerSelsynSudden Motion SensorTilt sensorTachometerUltrasonic thickness gauge


What Can Be Sensed?Light

Presence, color, intensity, content, directionSound

Presence, frequency, intensity, content , directionHeat

Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, directionChemicals

Presence, concentration, identity, etc.Object Proximity

Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color, etc.Physical orientation/attitude/position

Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc.


Button-Switchs


Potentiometers


SoftPot Membrane Potentiometer

Rotary Potentiometer

Slide Potentiometer

Light

PhotocellColor light sensor

CMOS Camera

IR Camera

IR Photo Transistor


Infra Red

Infrared Proximity Sensor

Photo Interrupter

Infrared Emitters and Detectors

Description: Infrared proximity sensor made by Sharp. Part # GP2Y0A21YK has an analog output that varies from 3.1V at 10cm to 0.4V at 80cm. The sensor has a Japanese Solderless Terminal (JST) Connector. We recommend purchasing the related pigtail below or soldering wires directly to the back of the module.

Description: This sensor is composed of an infrared emitter on one upright and a shielded infrared detector on the other. By emitting a beam of infrared light from one upright to the other, the sensor can detect when an object passes between the uprights, breaking the beam. Used for many applications including optical limit switches, pellet dispensing, general object detection, etc. Gap width = 10mm


Proximity

Ultrasonic Range FinderFeatures:•42kHz Ultrasonic sensor•Operates from 2.5-5.5V•Low 2mA supply current•20Hz reading rate•RS232 Serial Output - 9600bps•Analog Output - 10mV/inch•PWM Output - 147uS/inch•Small, light weight module

Red wire is power (5 to 12V). Brown wire is GND. Black wire is open collector Alarm.This unit works great from 5 to 12V (datasheet shows 12V). You can also install a jumper wire past the 5V regulator on board to make this unit work at 3.3V. Sensor uses [email protected].

PIR Motion Sensor

ePIR

Features:•fully functional motion detection•based motion detection algorithms•2.7-3.6VDC operating voltage•Typical current draw: 8.9mA•Wide 5 x 5m, 60 degree detection pattern•Simple hardware or advanced serial •Adjustable sensitivity, delay and •ambient light threshold


Magnetic

Hall Effect Sensor

Description: The US1881 is an integrated Hall effect latched sensor. That's nice but what does it do? Holding a magnet near the sensor will cause the output pin to toggle. This makes for a robust presence sensor. A reed sensor also works nicely, but can be limited by the glass encapsulation and size. A hall effect sensor is much smaller, but can handle less current than a reed switch.

Features:•Simple I2C interface •2.7 to 5.2V supply range•1 to 20Hz selectable update rate•True drop-in solution•0.5 degree heading resolution•1 degree repeatability•Supply current : 1mA @ 3V

Compass Module


Description: PNI Corp's 3-axis magnetometer. Ready for the big time? Low noise, large resolution magnetic field sensing all packed into a user-friendly DIP module at your disposal. Stable over a wide temperature range, the MicroMag3 is a must have for orientation sensing and navigation.Features:•500uA @ 3.3V DC•Field measurement range +/-1100uT•Resolution as low as 0.015uT•SPI interface - no additional circuitry needed

3-Axis Magnetometer

Temperature

Digital Temperature Sensor

Description: This is a breakout board for the incredibly small TMP102 digital temperature sensor. The TMP102 is a digital sensor (I2C a.k.a. TWI), has a resolution of 0.0625°C, and is accurate up to 0.5°C. The sensor requires very low-current, and is loaded with features.

Description: Melexis' MLX90614ESF-BAA is an infrared thermometer designed for non-contact temperature sensing. An internal 17-bit ADC and a powerful DSP contribute to the MLX90614's high accuracy and resolution. It has a huge number of applications including body temperature measurment and movement detection.

Infrared Thermometer


Thermistor 10K

Description: 10K thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient. Good choice for temp-sensing aplications.

Weather

Humidity Sensor

Description: This is a breakout board for Honeywell's HIH-4030 humidity sensor. The HIH-4030 measures relative humidity (%RH) and delivers it as an analog output voltage. You can connect the output of the sensor directly to an ADC on a microcontroller; and, thanks to the sensor's near linear voltage output, the data is very easy to process.

Barometric Pressure Sensor

Description: The SCP1000-D01 is a great IC - now you can play with it! This is a simple breakout board bringing the SPI interface pins to a 0.1" header. Please note, we now stock the latest ASIC rev C (IC label 'D01').The SCP1000 is the very first absolute pressure sensor on the market to use MEMS technology to grant 17-bit resolution. Under ideal conditions, this sensor can detect the pressure difference within a 9cm column of air.


Weather Meters

Description: This is a simple weather station that includes an anemometer, wind vane, and rain gauge. Includes mounting hardware and RJ11 connections to the sensors. The anemometer uses a reed switch, so simple frequency detection can be used to measure wind speed. The wind vane uses a potentiometer to detect wind direction. The rain gauge acts as a switch that closes at measured increments. Please see the datasheet for more information.

Biometrics

Alcohol Gas Sensor

Description: This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC.

Fingerprint Scanner

Description: The Nitgen RS232 serial fingerprint scanner is a powerful ADSP-BF531 Blackfin based system. This scanner is capable of gathering and storing unique finger prints. Simply hold your finger on the optical scanner, query the device over serial, and you will be issued a unique ID. Use that ID within your embedded system to determine access levels, time clocks, door locks, etc.

Polar Heart Rate Module

Description: This is a OEM module for the Polar Heart Rate system. This device works with any Polar heart rate strap to pickup the electromagnetic pulse and output a 1ms pulse indicating a heart beat has occurred. Embed a heart ratereading into your next project!


Physical Computing INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept....

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