Properties of Matter. Physical Properties Chemical Properties.
Physical and Chemical Properties Examples of Physical Properties Boiling point Color...
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Transcript of Physical and Chemical Properties Examples of Physical Properties Boiling point Color...
Physical and Chemical PropertiesExamples of Physical Properties
Boiling point Color Slipperiness Electrical conductivity
Melting point Taste Odor Dissolves in water
Shininess (luster) Softness Ductility Viscosity (resistance to flow)
Volatility Hardness Malleability Density (mass / volume ratio)
Examples of Chemical Properties
Burns in air Reacts with certain acids Decomposes when heated
Explodes Reacts with certain metals Reacts with certain nonmetals
Tarnishes Reacts with water Is toxic
Ralph A. Burns, Fundamentals of Chemistry 1999, page 23Chemical properties can ONLY be observed during a chemical reaction!
Evidence a Chemical Change
Indications of a Chemical Reaction
– Evolution of heat, light, and/or sound
– Production of a gas
– Formation of a precipitate
– Color change
Formation of a solid: AgCl
AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)
The Zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg catching fire on May 6, 1937 at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey.
Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases (also Plasma)Property Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Has definite shape Takes the shape of Takes the shape the container of its container
Volume Has a definite volume Has a definite volume Fills the volume of the container
Arrangement of Fixed, very close Random, close Random, far apartParticles
Interactions between Very strong Strong Essentially noneparticles
Conservation of Mass
Reactants yield Products
Burning Magnesium Metal in an Open Container
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 77
Burning Magnesium Metal in a Closed Container
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 77
Classification of Matter
MATTER(gas. Liquid,
solid, plasma)
PURESUBSTANCES MIXTURES
HETEROGENEOUSMIXTURE
HOMOGENEOUSMIXTURES
ELEMENTSCOMPOUNDS
Separated by
physical means into
Separated by
chemical means into
Kotz & Treichel, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 3rd Edition , 1996, page 31
Pure Substances
Element– composed of identical atoms– homogenous– EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Pure Substances
Compound– composed of 2 or more elements in a
fixed ratio by mass
– properties differ from those of individual elements
– homogenous
– EX: table salt (NaCl)
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Mixtures
Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous (uneven mix)
Homogeneous (even mix)
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
(a)an element(hydrogen)
(b)a compound(water)
(c)a mixture(hydrogen and oxygen)
(d)a mixture(hydrogenand oxygen)
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 68
hydrogenatoms hydrogen
atoms
oxygen atoms
Solid, Liquid, Gas
(a) Particles in solid (b) Particles in liquid (c) Particles in gas
Solid
H2O(s) Ice
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 31
Liquid
H2O(l) Water
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 31
In a liquid• molecules are in constant motion• there are appreciable intermolecular forces• molecules are close together• Liquids are almost incompressible• Liquids do not fill the container
Gas
H2O(g) Steam
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 31
Liquids
The two key properties we need to describe areEVAPORATION and its opposite CONDENSATION
add energy and break intermolecular bonds
EVAPORATION
release energy and form intermolecular bonds
CONDENSATION