Phylum Sarcomas Ti Gop Hora
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Transcript of Phylum Sarcomas Ti Gop Hora
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PhylumPhylum
SarcomastigophorSarcomastigophor
aa((SarcodinaSarcodina andand MastigophoraMastigophora))
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Subphyla:Subphyla:Subphylum Mastigophora
y Have one or more flagella
Push like a boat propeller
Pull like an airplane propeller
y
longitudinal binary fissiony Two classes
Phytomastigophora
ZoomastigophoraSubphylum Sarcodina
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Characteristics:
belongs to the protistkingdom and it includes
many unicellular or
colonial, autotrophic, or
heterotrophic organisms
y 2 main subphyla are
Sarcodina and the
Mastigophora
y Possess either
pseudopodia orflagella
as locomotor organellesy Unicellularorcolonial
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It places great significance upon method of
locomotion in generating the taxonomy
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y L
ocomotion by flagella, pseudopodia orboth
y Autotrophic, saprozoic, or heterotrophic
y
Single type of nucleusy Binary fission and sexual reproduction
are common
y Sexuality -syngamyy Spores typically are not formed
y Flagella may be permanent or transient or
confined in certain part of life cycley Clinical manifestations can either be
Intestinal, Tissue or Bloodprotozoans.
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Examples:Examples:
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PhylumPhylum SarcodinaSarcodina
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PhylumPhylum SarcodinaSarcodinay primarily use pseudopodiay skeleton or "test"
y
Nutrition: dissolved nutrients, othermicroscopic organisms and tiny bits of food
y Habitat: muddy freshwaters, ocean bottom,
and in contaminated drinking water
y have contractile vacuole
y Most well-known example of a sarcodine is the
famous amoeba
y Prefer to be cysts because they can withstand
drought, heat, or being eaten by other
organisms
y Die- huge deposits of limestone called Chalk
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2 most important2 most important sarcodinessarcodines::y Foraminefran y Radiolarian
Globigerina sp. Radiolarian
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2 morphological stages:
1st Trophozoite - metabolically active
invasive stage, moves with pseudopodia,
ingests RBC, lives in colon and is found infresh diarrheal stool; divides by binary
fission.
2nd Cyst - "vegetative" inactive formresistant to unfavourable environmental
conditions outside human host;
- this is the infective form resistantto stomach acid if swallowed
- survives up to 30 days; excyst to
trophozoite on passing through stomach
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Sarcodina cyst Sarcodinatrophozoite
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-Live in the Large Intestine and canproduce deep Ulcer
-The identification of intestinal amoebae
depends on the size and shape oftrophozoites and cysts and on morphology
and number of nucleus.
-Species identification is based onmorphology of cysts (stellate, polyhedral).
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EndolimaxEndolimax nananana
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y Endolimax nana is a genus of amoebozoa
that are found in the intestines of humany The cytoplasm
y Chromatid bodies are absent
y Associated with unsanitary conditions
y Surrounding the karyosome is a clear area
called the perikaryosomal space
y Nucleus may be difficult to differentiate from
other organisms
y Mode of Transmission: ingestion of cysts
in contaminated water
y Non- pathogenic
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CystCysty Cysts are small, with a spherical to
ellipsoidal shape.
y measure 5-10 um, with a usual range of 6-8um
y cytoplasm may contain diffuse glycogen,
and chromatid bodies are absent.
y contain 4 small nuclei
with a relatively large karyosome
No chromatoid bars / bodies
Glycogen vacuoles almost never seen
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TrophozoiteTrophozoitey 6-12um, with an average range of 8-10 um
y single nucleus sometimes visible in unstained
preparationsy has karyosome (blot-like)
y Irregular shape with blunt pseudopods
y Non-directional, sluggish motility
y Numerous bacteria filled vacuoles
y One indistinct nucleus with NO peripheral
chromatin = clear zone where nuclear
membrane is present ball in socket
appearance
y Very difficult to differentiate from I.butschlii
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Irregular shape ofE. nana vs otheramoeba
E. nana trophozoite
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DiagnosisDiagnosisy Good fixation and staining, such as with
Schaudinn's fixative and an ironhematoxylin stain, allow for relatively
easy differentiation of the trophozoites
from those of the slightly larger
Iodamoeba buetschlii
y stool examination, stains, transport
preservatives
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TreatmentTreatmenty metronidazole, diodoquine,
trimethoprim/sulfa
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Recent studies:Recent studies:y recent studies have shown E. nana to
cause periodic, mild-moderate diarrheaand intestinal discomfort
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AcanthomoebaAcanthomoeba castellanicastellani-free-living amoeba common in a variety of
habitats, including fresh water, soil, and
sewage-causes subacute and chronic amoebic
keratitis
-improper cleaning of the lenses afterremoval allows the Acanthamoeba
trophozoites to grow and multiply
-the trophozoite is irregular, 15-45 m
-Does not form flagellate stage
-Double-walled cysts
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y the cysts are spherical-15-20 m in diameter,- thick double wall. (outer wall may be
spherical or wrinkled, the inner wall appearpolyhedral.)
y Has Acanthopodia
y
May encyst in tissuesy pseudopods form a clearhemispherical
lobe at the anterior, and various shortfilose extensions from the margins of thebody
y single nucleus -large centrally locatednucleolus.
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Acanthomoeba cysts Acathomoebatrophozoites
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DiagnosisDiagnosisy in Trichrome stain the cytoplasm of
trophozoites appears greenish pink,
the central located karyosome pink or red.
y With trichrome stain, the cysts stain red.
y May be cultured on non nutrient agar
flooded with Page's saline solution and
overlaid with Escherichia coli.
y Histology or culture ofAcanthamoeba
spp.
y Immunofluorescence staining
y Atautopsy
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TreatmentTreatmenty Miconazole nitrate, Propamidine
isethionate, andN
eosporin for aminimum of 3-4 weeks