Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Myriapoda Classes Diplopoda & Chilopoda Subpylum Hexapoda Class Insecta.
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Transcript of Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Myriapoda Classes Diplopoda & Chilopoda Subpylum Hexapoda Class Insecta.
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum MyriapodaClasses Diplopoda & Chilopoda
Subpylum HexapodaClass Insecta
Subphylum Myriapoda• 1 pr antennae
• 1pr mandibles
• 2 or 1 pr maxillae
• uniramous appendages
SP Myriapoda, Class Chilopoda
Centipedes
• Scutigera coleoptrata
Cheliped Examples
Scolopendra castaneiceps
http://gprime.net/video.php/bateatingcentipede
SP Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda
Millipedes
• 4 thoracic segments– each has 1 pr legs
• 25-100 abdominal segments– each has 2 pr legs
• Larval stages have 1pr legs/segment
Diplopod Examples
SP Hexapoda, Class Insecta• 4 pr feeding appendages (mouthparts)• 6 pr walking legs• 2 pr flight appendages
– 2pr wings– 1pr wings + 1pr halteres– 1pr elytra + 1pr wings
• No appendages on abdomen• Tagmata:
– Head – 5-7 segments– Thorax – 3 segments– Abdomen – 8-11 segments
Class Insecta
Tagmata
Segmentation
Insect Anatomy
Head Appendages
labrum maxilla
mandible
labium
labial palp
maxillary palp
ocelliantenna
compound eye
Famous Mouth Parts
Insect Respiratory System
Excretory System – Malpighian Tubules
• Insects excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid (urate)
• Solid uric acid is formed in the rectum by the removal of H2O
Holometabolous Insects
Tobacco horn worm Larva of sphinx moth
Holometabolous Development
1-4 instars
Lepidopteran Lifecycle
Holometabolous Development• Dipteran larvae
Bot Fly Lifecycles
Coleopteran – Grub Larvae
Boll Weevil
Beneficial Coleopterans
Ladybird Beetle Life Stages
1st instar
3rd instar
pupaAdult
Aphid parasites
Hemimetabolous Development
Larvae
hemipteran
odonatanorthopteran
Beneficial Insects
• Ichneumon wasps lay eggs in body of beetle & lepidopteran larvae – many of which are plant pests
• The wasp larvae feed on the host, killing it in the process
Insect Behavior• Hymenopterans & Isopterans often show complex
social behavior– Termite colonies– Ant colonies– Bee hives– Hornets & wasps
• All have unique genetic/environmental sex determination mechanisms
Social Insects
MUTATIONS INREGULATORY GENES CAN GIVE THE PROTEINS NEWPROPERTIES: UBXACQUIRES THE ABILITY to REPRESSDISTAL-LESS in theINSECT CLADE
R. Galant and S. B. Carroll,2002. Nature 415:910.
Ronschaugen, M. et al.2002. Nature 415: 914.
.
Arthropod Evolution
Arthropod Evolution
Mutation of the ultrabithorax
gene
Arthropod & Chordate EvoDevo
Arthropod Evolution• Paleozoic insect fossils – show ties to crustacean
morphology
3 pr of Biramous
appendages
Wing primordia arose from
thoracic gills
Present Mayfly Nymph