PHÚC ÂM VÀ THƯ TÍN I, II, III CỦA MÔN ĐỆ YÊU DẤU

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BN CÓ THHIU KINH THÁNH! PHÚC ÂM VÀ THƯ TÍN I, II, III CA MÔN ĐỆ YÊU DU BOB UTLEY Giáo sư Khoa Chú Gii Kinh thánh (Môn Gii nghĩa Kinh thánh) Btài liu hướng dn gii kinh Tân Ước, Tân ước tp 4 KINH THÁNH LESSONS INTERNATIONAL, MARSHALL, TEXAS 2011

Transcript of PHÚC ÂM VÀ THƯ TÍN I, II, III CỦA MÔN ĐỆ YÊU DẤU

  • BN C TH HIU KINH THNH!

    PHC M V TH TN I, II, III CA MN

    YU DUBOB UTLEY

    Gio s Khoa Ch Gii Kinh thnh

    (Mn Gii ngha Kinh thnh)

    B ti liu hng dn gii kinh Tn c, Tn c tp 4

    KINH THNH LESSONS INTERNATIONAL, MARSHALL, TEXAS

    2011

  • MC LC Li ca tc gi: Tp ti liu gii kinh ny c th gip ch g cho bn? ..................................................... 7

    Hng dn thi quen c Kinh thnh hiu qu:

    Cuc tm kim l tht c th kim chng c ca mt c nhn .............................................................. 9

    Gii kinh

    Gii thiu sch Ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

    Ging 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    Ging 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 54

    Ging 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

    Ging 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

    Ging 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

    Ging 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

    Ging 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 148

    Ging 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

    Ging 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 179

    Ging 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 188

    Ging 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 198

    Ging 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

    Ging 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 230

    Ging 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

    Ging 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 262

    Ging 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 272

    Ging 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 284

    Ging 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

    Ging 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

    Ging 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

    Ging 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

  • Gii thiu th Ging...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

    I Ging 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

    I Ging 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

    I Ging 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

    I Ging 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

    I Ging 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

    II Ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

    III Ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

    Ph lc mt : Cc nh ngha ngn gn v cu trc ng php ting Hy lp ............. ...................... 437

    Ph lc hai : Ph bnh vn bn ......................................................................................... ............ ..446

    Ph lc ba : Cc thut ng ............................................. ............................................. .......... ........ 449

    Ph lc bn : Lp trng v tn l ............................................................................ .................... ..458

  • CC CH C BIT TRONG PHC M V TH TN CA GING

    Ban u (Arch!) , Ging 1:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 26 Thin s ca Cha, Ging 1:5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 c tin, tin v tin cy, (danh t, ng t v tnh t) Ging 1:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chng nhn cho Cha Gi-su, Ging 1:8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 30 ng t Bit, Ging 1:10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Xc th (sarx), Ging 1:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Vinh quang (doxa), Ging 1:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 n in (hesed), Ging 1:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Tin, tin cy, c tin v thnh tn trong Cu c , Ging 1:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Quan im Phao-l v lut M-se, Ging 1:17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Pha-ra-si, Ging 1:24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Danh sch cc mn , Ging 1:45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 49 Cha Gi-su Na-za-rt, Ging 1:45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 A-men, Ging 1:51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Thin ng, Ging 1:51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Ru v ung mnh, Ging 2:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Khi lng v trng lng vng Trung Cn ng, Ging 2:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 L vt qua, Ging 2:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 ng t tin trong Ging Ging 2:23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 To cng lun Sanhedrin, Ging 3:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Vng Quc c Cha Tri, Ging 3:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Hi th, Gi v Thnh Linh, Ging 3:8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Ngn ng s dng m t c Cha Tri, Ging 3:16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Thuyt Tin nh (Calvinism) so vi Thuyt T Do La chn (Arminianism), Ging 3:16 .. . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Du n, Ging 3:33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . 87 S phn bit chng tc, Ging 4:4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Li tin tri Cu c, Ging 4:19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Li tin tri Tn c, Ging 4:19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Cha, Ging 4:23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 102 ng M-si-a, Ging 4:25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 ch ca c Cha Tri, Ging 4:34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Cha lnh bnh, Ging 5:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Ti li khng th tha th, Ging 5:21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 115 Ngi c sai i (S ) , Ging 5:24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Thi im, gi, Ging 5:25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 117 S ip ca gio hi u tin, (Kerygma) Ging 5:39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 120 Bc cc c s dng Palestine thi Cha Cha Gi-su, Ging 6:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 S Mi Hai, Ging 6:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..127 Danh hiu ca Cha, Ging 6:20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129 S m bo ca c c nhn, Ging 6:37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 S tht, Ging 6:55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 S thng thin, Ging 6:62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 142 Thn Linh (Pneuma, in the NT), Ging 6:63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 S bi o, Ging 6:64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Mnh dn s dn d (Parrhsia), Ging 7:4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Qu m, Ging 7:20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 150 S bn cn thit, Ging 8:31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Tri hu gio, Ging 8:40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Th ca t cu ri trong ng php Hy-lp, Ging 9:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Tuyn xng, Ging 9:22-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Hy ph, hy dit (Apollumi), Ging 10:10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 190 Xc du trong Kinh Thnh, Ging 11:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

  • au bun trong tang l, Ging 11:20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 203 Ph n trong Kinh Thnh, Ging 11:28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Nghi thc chn ct, Ging 11:44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Hin thn s c, Ging 12:31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Chin tranh trn Thin ng, Ging 12:31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Tri tim, lng d, Ging 12:40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Cch dng t mng lnh trong vn t ca Ging, Ging 12:50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Th t l Vt qua trong Do-thi gio, Ging 13:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Iscariot, Ging 13:26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Ngi cht u?, Ging 14:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Cu nguyn c hiu qu, Ging 14:13-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Danh hiu ca Cha, nhn danh Cha Ging 14:13-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Cha Gi-su v Thn Linh, Ging 14:16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Kosmo (th gian), Ging 14:17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Ngy , Ging 14:20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Ba Ngi, Ging 14:26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Thn v c Thnh Linh, Ging 14:26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Binh an, Ging 14:27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 La, Ging 15:6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Gii minh, s lm sng t, Ging 16:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 S la chn so vi s tin nh Ging 17:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Nht Thn lun, Ging 17:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Thc trong vn t ca Ging, Ging 17:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Thnh, Ging 17:11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 La chn hay tin nh. S qun bnh thn hc cn thit, Ging 18:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Cha Gi-su Na-za-ret, Ging 18:5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 298 Lnh gc php quan, Ging 18:28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Bn-x Pi-lt, Ging 18:29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Nhng ph n theo Cha Cha Gi-su, Ging 19:25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Nh hng tm lim, Ging 19:39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Cha Cha Gi-su xut hin sau phc sinh, Ging 20:16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Hnh th, khun mu (Tupos), Ging 20:25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Ging 1:1 so vi I Ging 1:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 S thng cng, I Ging 1:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 C c gio mang tnh on th, I Ging 1:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Cm t trong ,trng tn trong vn t ca Ging, I Ging 2:10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 ng t bit, I Ging 2:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Chnh quyn thuc th, I Ging 2:15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Thi hin ti v thi s n, I Ging 2:17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 ng Thnh, I Ging 2:20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Nhng cm t m ch Cha ti lm, I Ging 2:28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 S cng ngha, I Ging 2:29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Bng chng s cu ri ca mt c nhn theo Tn c, I Ging 3:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 S nn thnh, I Ging 3:5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387 Con ca c Cha Tri, I Ging 3:8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 S c nguyn, tuy v bin, nhng cn b hn ch, I Ging 3:22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393 C c nhn c nn phn xt ln nhau?, I Ging 4:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Ch th nghim trong ting Hy-lp v cc ch c ngha tng t, I Ging 4:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 nh kin theo xu hng truyn gio ca gio s Bob, I Ging 4:15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 404 S m bo, I Ging 5:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Cu thay, I Ging 5:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Ti li no ng cht?, I Ging 5:16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 V trng lo, II Ging v. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Hi thnh (Ekklesia), III Ging v. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

  • LI CA TC GI:

    TP TI LIU GII KINH NY C TH GIP CH G CHO BN?

    S gii ngha Kinh thnh l mt tin trnh mang tnh thuc linh v l tr nhm hiu c cc trc gi

    ngy xa c linh cm vi mc ch gip chng ta hiu v p dng c s ip ca c Cha Tri trong thi i ngy nay.

    Tin trnh mang tnh thuc linh l quan trng nhng kh c th nh ngha. N gm c s u phc v

    m lng ra trc mt Cha. Cn phi c mt s khao kht (1) chnh Cha, (2) c bit Ngi, v (3) khao kht c phc v Ngi. Tin trnh ny cn c s cu nguyn, xng ti v s bng lng thay i li sng ca mnh. Mc d bit rng c Thnh Linh ng vai tr quan trng trong tin trnh gii ngha, nhng tht kh hiu l ti sao cng l cc C c nhn chn tht, yu mn Cha, nhng h li hiu Kinh thnh mt cch khc nhau.

    Tin trnh mang tnh l tr th d din t hn. Chng ta phi nht qun v cng bng i vi mi bn

    vn v khng c cho nhng thnh kin c nhn hay gio phi chi phi mnh. Chng ta u t nhiu b nh hng bi qu kh ca mnh. Khng ai l ngi gii ngha Kinh thnh hon ton khch quan v trung dung. Tp ti liu gii kinh ny cung cp mt tin trnh theo l tr mt cch cn thn gm ba nguyn tc gii ngha gip chng ta vt qua cc thnh kin ca mnh. Nguyn tc th nht

    Nguyn tc th nht l n bi cnh lch s khi sch c vit ra v cc dp tin mang tnh lch s c bit lin quan n tc gi. Tc gi nguyn thy c mt mc ch, mt s ip mun truyn t. Bn vn khng th c ngha khi m n cha bao gi c i vi tc gi nguyn thy, t ngy xa c thn cm. nh ca tc gi ch khng phi nhu cu thuc v lch s, cm xc, vn ha, c nhn v gio phi- chnh l cha kha. Vic p dng l ngi bn i chung vi vic gii thch, nhng s gii ngha thch hp phi lun lun i trc vic p dng. Cn phi nhn mnh i nhn mnh li rng mi bn Kinh vn u ch c mt ngha v ch mt m thi. ngha ny l ngha m tc gi nguyn thy c nh truyn t cho thi i ca h di s dn dt ca c Thnh Linh. ngha duy nht ny c th c nhiu p dng khc nhau cho cc vn ha v tnh hung khc nhau. Nhng p dng ny phi c ni kt vi l tht trng tm theo tc gi nguyn thy. V vy, tp ti liu ny c thit k bng cch cung cp phn gii thiu cho mi sch trong Kinh thnh. Nguyn tc th hai

    Nguyn tc th hai l xc nh cc n v ng vn. Mi sch trong Kinh thnh l mt vn bn hp nht. Ngi gii ngha khng c quyn ly ring ra ch mt kha cnh ca l tht bng cch b qua cc kha cnh khc. V vy, chng ta phi c gng tm hiu mc ch ca ton sch trc khi phn tch cc n v ng vn ring l. Cc n v ring l- on, phn on, hay cu- khng th mang ngha m tng th ca sch khng c. Vic gii ngha phi i t phng php suy din t tng th n phng php quy np ca tng phn. Do , tp ti liu hng dn ny c thit k bng cch gip ngi hc phn tch cu trc ca mi n v ng vn theo tng phn on. Mc d cc phn on v chia on khng c thn cm nhng n gip chng ta xc nh c cc tng theo tng n v.

    Gii ngha theo cp tng phn on- khng phi tng cu, tng v, tng cm t, hay tng ch- l cha kha ln theo ngha m tc gi Kinh thnh nh. Cc phn on da vo mt ch hp nht, thng gi l ch hay cu ch . Tng ch, v, cm t, v cu trong cc phn on ny bng cch no lin h vi ch hp nht ny. Chng gii hn ch bn n, m rng n, gii thch thm hoc cht vn n. Cha kha tht s i n cch gii ngha ng n l theo st tng ca tc gi nguyn thy trn c s tng phn on mt thng qua cc n v ng vn cu thnh nn ton b sch. Tp ti liu hng dn ny c thit k nhm gip ngi hc c th lm c iu ny qua vic i chiu cc bn dch Anh ng hin i. Cc bn dch ny c chn ra bi v chng c nhng l thuyt khc nhau v cch dch:

    1. Bn Hy lp ca Hi Kinh thnh Lin hip (United Kinh thnh Society) l bn hiu nh ln th t (UBS4). Bn dch ny c chia on bi cc hc gi ph bnh bn vn hin i.

  • 2. Bn King Gia-c mi (NKJV) l bn dch st ngha theo tng ch da trn bn tho truyn thng gi l bn Tiu chun (the Textus Receptus). Cc phn on ca n di hn so vi cc bn dch khc. Cc n v di hn ny gip ngi hc thy c cc ch mang tnh hp nht.

    3. Bn Hiu nh Tiu chun (the New Revised Standard Version) l bn dch theo tng ch c b sung. N nm im gia so vi hai bn hin i s trnh by sau y. Cch phn chia on ca n gip gp phn xc nh c cc ch .

    4. Bn Ting Anh Ngy nay (the Todays English Version) l mt bn dch tng ng v uyn chuyn c xut bn bi Hi Kinh thnh Lin Hip (the United Kinh thnh Society). N c gng dch sao cho ngi c v ni ting Anh ngy nay c th hiu c bn vn ting Hy lp. c bit trong cc sch Phc m, thng thng n chia on theo ngi ni ch khng phi theo ch , cng ging nh bn NIV. Nu dng gii ngha, n khng c li. thy tht th v khi c hai bn dch UBS4 v TEV u c xut bn bi mt c quan nhng cch chia on ca n li khc nhau.

    5. Bn Jerusalem Kinh thnh (JB) l mt bn dch tng ng v uyn chuyn da trn bn dch ting Php ca Cng gio. N gip ch rt nhiu cho vic i chiu cc cch phn on t quan im ca u chu.

    6. Bn in s dng trong tp sch ny l bn NASB c cp nht nm 1995, l mt bn dch st theo tng ch. Cc ch gii tng cu u theo cch chia on ca bn dch ny.

    Nguyn tc th ba

    Nguyn tc th ba l c Kinh thnh qua nhiu bn dch khc nhau nm c tm ngha rng nht (thuc lnh vc ng ngha) m tng ch hoc tng cm t c th c. Thng thng mt ch hay mt cm t ting Hy lp c th c hiu theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Cc bn dch ny cho thy c nhng chn la ny v gip xc nh v gii thch mt s khc bit trong cc bn tho ting Hy lp. Nhng iu ny khng nh hng n tn l nhng n gip chng ta tr v vi nguyn bn vit bi cc tc gi t xa c thn cm.

    Tp ti liu ny cung cp cho ngi hc mt cch tin li kim tra cc gii ngha ca h. N khng

    nhm a ra cch gii ngha cui cng, nhng ch nhm cung cp thng tin v gi suy ngh. Thng thng, cc cch gii ngha khc gip chng ta khng qu a phng cc b, qu gio iu, hay theo tinh thn h phi qu mc. Ngi gii ngha cn c mt phm vi gii ngha rng nhn nhn s khng r rng m cc bn c c th c. Tht l mt c sc khi thy trong vng cc C c nhn khng c s ng vi nhau trong khi h u cho rng Kinh thnh l ngun ca L tht.

    Cc nguyn tc ny gip ti vt qua c kh nhiu iu kin lch s qu kh ca c nhn ti v n buc ti phi trn tr vi bn vn c. Ti hy vng n cng s l mt iu phc hnh cho qu v.

    Bob Utley Trng i hc East Texas Bp-tt University Ngy 27 thng 6 nm 1996

  • HNG DN THI QUEN C KINH THNH HIU QU:

    CUC TM KIM L THT KIM CHNG C CA C NHN

    Chng ta c th bit l tht c khng? N u? Lm th no xc minh n mt cch hp l? C

    mt thm quyn ti hu hay khng? C nhng gi tr tuyt i hng dn i sng chng ta, th gii chng ta ang sng hay khng? C ngha cho cuc i ny khng? Ti sao chng ta li trn th gii ny? Ri chng ta i u? Nhng cu hi ny- nhng cu hi m mi ngi c l tr u phi suy ngh n- m nh cc nh tr thc ca nhn loi ngay t bui ban u (Truyn o 1:13-18; 3:9-11). Ti nh li cuc tm kim ca c nhn ti v mt trung tm kt ni tt c mi s cho cuc i ti. Ti tin Cha khi cn rt nh, nh vo s lm chng ca nhng ngi c vai v trong gia nh ti. Khi ti ln ln, nhng cu hi v chnh ti v th gii xung quanh ti cng ln dn. Nhng cu so ng xa c trong vn ha v tn gio khng em li ngha g i vi nhng kinh nghim cuc sng ti bit n hoc tng i din. C lc ti cm thy ri bi, tm kim, ngng trng, v cm thy v vng trc mt th gii qu khc kh, lnh nht m ti ang sng.

    Nhiu ngi tuyn b c cu tr li cho nhng cu hi trn, nhng sau khi t nghin cu v suy ngh li, ti thy nhng cu tr li ca h da vo (1) cc trit l sng c nhn, (2) cc huyn thoi xa xa, (3) nhng kinh nghim c nhn, hay l (4) cc ngh nh hng bi tm l. Ti cn mt mc c th kim chng c, ti cn bng chng, cn l lun c th t ln n ton b th gii quan ca ti, mt trung tm kt ni tt c, mt l sng cho cuc i.

    Ti tm thy nhng iu ny qua vic hc Kinh thnh. Ti bt u tm kim nhng bng chng v s ng tin cy ca n, v ti tm thy n trong (1) s ng tin cy v lch s ca Kinh thnh xc nhn bi kho c hc, (2) s chnh xc ca nhng li tin tri trong Cu c, (3) s thng nht ca ton b s ip Thnh Kinh qua hn 1.600 nm hnh thnh, v (4) nhng li lm chng c nhn ca nhng con ngi m cuc i c thay i vnh vin bi tip xc vi Kinh thnh. C c gio, mt h thng hp nht trong c tin v nim tin, c kh nng i din vi cc cu hi hc ba nht v cuc sng ca con ngi. iu ny khng nhng em li cho ti mt b khung l tr, nhng phng din thc nghim ca c tin theo Kinh thnh cng em li cho ti nim vui v s vng vng khng lay ng trong cm xc.

    Ti ngh ti tm thy c ci trung tm kt ni mi s ca i ti- ng Christ, nh trnh by trong Kinh thnh. l mt kinh nghim nng ny, mt s gin x cm xc. Tuy vy, ti vn cn nh b sc v au khi ti bt u thy ra c qu nhiu s gii thch cho ch mt cun Kinh thnh ny, c khi ngay c trong cng mt Hi thnh hay cng mt trng phi. Vic xc minh s thn cm v ng tin cy ca Kinh thnh khng phi l ht, ch l s bt u. Lm th no ti xc minh hay bc b nhng s gii ngha khc nhau v knh chng nhau v nhng phn on kh trong Kinh thnh bi nhng ngi tuyn b tin vo thm quyn v tnh ng tin cy ca n?

    Nhim v ny tr thnh mc tiu ca i ti v cng l hnh trnh c tin ca ti. Ti bit rng c tin ni ng Christ em li cho ti nim vui v s bnh an khng k xit. Tm tr ti mong tm thy c cc gi tr tuyt i gia mt th gii theo ch thuyt tng i v ch ngha gio iu trong cc h thng tn gio knh chng nhau cng nh nhng s kiu cng v h phi ca mnh. Khi ti i tm mt phng php thch hp gii ngha cc th loi vn chng xa xa, ti ngc nhin pht hin ra nhng thnh kin ca ring ti xut pht t qu kh ca mnh, t vn ha, h phi v kinh nghim ring ca ti. Ti tng c Kinh thnh cng c quan im ring ca ti. Ti tng ly n lm c s cho nhng gio iu tn cng ngi khc trong khi t trn an mnh v nhng s bt an v thiu ht ca chnh mnh. Rt au n khi ti nhn ra nhng iu ny!

    Mc d ti khng bao gi c th hon ton khch quan, nhng ti c th tr nn mt ngi c Kinh thnh ng ngha hn. Ti c th hn ch nhng thnh kin ca mnh bng vic xc nh c chng v cng nhn s hin din ca chng. Ti cha th hon ton dt khi nhng iu ny, nhng ti i din vi nhng khim khuyt ca mnh. Ngi gii ngha thng l k th s mt trong n lc c Kinh thnh hiu qu! Ti s lit k ra mt s gi nh khi ti tip cn vic hc Kinh thnh, bn, ngi c, c th cng kim im vi ti: I. Cc gi nh

  • A. Ti tin Kinh thnh l s t mc khi duy nht t mt c Cha Tri chn tht. V vy, n phi c gii ngha trong nh sng ca nh t tc gi nguyn thy thng qua cc trc gi loi ngi trong bi cnh lch s c th.

    B. Ti tin Kinh thnh c vit ra cho ngi bnh dn- cho tt c mi ngi! c Cha Tri t h xung c th tr chuyn vi chng ta mt cch r rng qua mt bi cnh lch s v vn ha nht nh. Cha khng giu gim l tht- Ngi mun chng ta hiu bit l tht! V vy, Kinh thnh phi c gii ngha trong s soi sng ca thi k Kinh thnh, ch khng phi ca chng ta. Kinh thnh khng nn c nhng ngha m n cha tng bao gi c i vi nhng ngi ngy xa c hoc nghe n ln u tin. N c th d hiu i vi mt tr c con ngi trung bnh v n s dng cc loi truyn thng hoc k thut bnh thng ca con ngi.

    C. Ti tin Kinh thnh c mt s ip v mc ch thng nht. N khng t mu thun, mc d n c nhng on kh hiu hoc nghch l. V vy, ngi gii ngha s mt ca Kinh thnh l chnh Kinh thnh.

    D. Ti tin mi phn on (ngoi tr cc li tin tri) c mt v ch mt ngha m thi da vo nh ca tc gi nguyn thy c thn cm. Mc d chng ta khng bao gi chc chn rng chng ta bit c ch xc nh ca tc gi, nhng c nhiu du hiu ch v hng : 1. Th loi vn chng c chn din t s ip 2. Bi cnh lch s hoc/v trng hp c th khin vit ln mt cun sch no 3. Bi cnh ng vn ca ton sch cng nh tng n v ng vn mt 4. Cch sp xp bn vn ca nhng n v ng vn khi n cng lin h n mt s ip tng th 5. Cc c im vn phm c th dng chuyn ti s ip 6. Nhng t ng dng trnh by s ip

    Vic nghin cu tng kha cnh nh th ny tr thnh i tng ca vic nghin cu tng phn on ca chng ta. Trc khi ti gii thch phng php c Kinh thnh hiu qu, ti xin phc ha mt vi phng php khng thch hp ang c s dng ngy nay dn n tnh mun mu mun v trong cch gii ngha, l iu rt li cn phi trnh:

    II. Cc phng php khng thch hp

    A. L i bi cnh ng vn ca cc sch trong Kinh thnh v s dng cc cu, cm t, hoc ngay c tng t ng ring l, v k n l cc li tuyn b ca l tht nhng khng lin h n nh hoc bi cnh rng hn ca tc gi. Cch ny thng c gi l d bn vn (proof-texting).

    B. Lm ng bi cnh lch s ca cc sch ny bng cch thay th n bng mt bi cnh lch s khc khng c hoc ch c rt t hu thun t bn vn.

    C. Lm ng bi cnh lch s ca cc sch ny v c n nh mt t bo a phng bui sng vit cho cc C c nhn ngy nay.

    D. Lm ng bi cnh lch s ca sch ny bng cch ng ngn ha bn vn thnh mt s ip thuc v trit l hay thn hc hon ton khng lin h n nhng thnh gi ban u cng nh nh nguyn thy ca tc gi.

    E. Lm ng s ip nguyn thy bng cch thay th n bng mt h thng thn hc ring ca mnh, mt gio l c a chung, hay mt vn ng thi khng lin h n mc ch v s ip ca tc gi nguyn thy. Hin tng ny thng theo sau vic ly vic c Kinh thnh thit lp thm quyn cho mnh. Ngi ta thng gi n l theo phn ng ca c gi (li gii ngha bn vn c ngha g i vi ti).

    t nht c ba yu t lin h vi nhau trong bt c mt thng tin vit tay no ca con ngi:

    nh Nguyn Thy ca Tc gi

    Bn Vn Cc c Gi Nguyn Thy

  • Trong qu kh c nhiu phng php c khc nhau tp trung vo ch mt trong cc yu t ny. Nhng tht s cng nhn tnh thn cm c bit ca Kinh thnh, biu c b sung sau y c th thch hp hn:

    Tht s ba yu t ny cn phi c trong qu trnh gii ngha. kim chng li tin trnh gii ngha ny, ti tp trung vo hai yu t u: nh nguyn thy ca tc gi v bn vn. Ti tht s c phn ng vi nhng cch gii ngha kiu lm dng m ti thng bt gp: (1) ng ngn ha hay thuc linh ha cc bn vn v (2) kiu gii ngha theo phn ng c gi (bn vn ny c ngha g i vi ti). S lm dng c th xy ra c hai chng. Chng ta phi kim tra ng c, thnh kin, phng php v cch p dng ca mnh. Nhng lm th no kim tra nu khng c mt gii hn no, mt tiu chun no, mt ng ranh no cho vic gii ngha? nh ca tc gi v cu trc bn vn cung cp cho ti mt s tiu chun gii hn phm vi gii ngha hp l ca bn vn. III. Cc phng php kh d dn n vic c Kinh thnh c hiu qu

    Ti y ti khng bn n cc phng php khc nhau gii ngha tng th loi vn chng nhng ch a ra cc nguyn tc gii kinh tng qut thch hp cho tt c cc th loi vn bn. Mt cun sch rt tt gip ch cho vic tip cn cc th loi vn chng khc nhau l cun How to Read the Kinh thnh for All Its Worth, ca Gordon Fee v Douglas Stuart, xut bn bi Nh Xut bn Zondervan.

    Phng php ca ti tp trung u tin vo ngi c, l ngi cho c Thnh Linh soi sng l tht

    Kinh thnh qua bn chu k c c nhn. iu ny lm cho c Thnh Linh, bn vn v ngi c tr nn yu t chnh, khng phi l yu t ph. iu ny cng bo v ngi c khi nhng nh hng thi qu t cc nh gii kinh. Ti tng nghe nhiu ngi ni: Kinh thnh lm cho ti hiu cc sch gii kinh nhiu hn. y khng phi l cu ni h thp gi tr ca cc phng tin tr gip cho vic nghin cu, nhng ng hn l li khn ni s dng n mt cch ng thi im.

    Chng ta phi c kh nng h tr nhng gii ngha ca mnh t chnh bn vn. Nm phng din sau y

    cung cp t nht mt s kim chng c gii hn: (1) Bi cnh lch s (2) Bi cnh vn chng (3) Cu trc ng php (4) Cch dng t ngy nay (5) Cc phn on song song c lin quan (6) Th loi vn chng Chng ta cn c kh nng a ra l l v lp lun ng h cho cch gii thch ca mnh. Kinh thnh l

    ngun duy nht ca chng ta trn phng din c tin v thc hnh. ng bun thay, nhiu C c nhn thng bt ng nhng iu Kinh thnh dy hay xc nhn. Bn chu k c Kinh thnh c thit k nhm cung cp mt s cho vic gii ngha nh sau : A. Chu k c Kinh thnh th nht

    1. c qua ht sch trong mt ln c. c li ln na t mt bn dch khc, hy vng y l mt bn dch theo mt trit l khc

    a. Dch st tng ch (bn NKJV, NASB, NRSV) b. Dch tng ng, uyn chuyn (TEV, JB) c. Dch theo li din (Living Kinh thnh, Amplified Kinh thnh, Bn Din )

    2. Tm mc ch trng tm ca ton b sch. Xc nh ch chnh.

    c Thnh Linh

    Cc Tn Hu Sau Ny

    nh Nguyn Thy ca Tc Gi

    Cc D Bn

    Bn Vn

    Cc c Gi Nguyn

    Thy

  • 3. Tch (nu c th) cc n v ng vn ra, tng chng, tng on, hay tng cu l nhng n v phn nh r rng trng tm hay ch chnh ny.

    4. Xc nh th loi vn chng ch yu a. Cc sch Cu c

    (1) Vn tng thut Hy b lai (2) Vn th Hy b lai (cc vn chng khn ngoan, thi thin) (3) Li tin tri Hy b lai (vn xui, vn vn) (4) Cc lut l

    b. Cc sch Tn c (1) Vn tng thut (Cc sch Phc m, Cng V) (2) Cc v d (Cc sch Phc m) (3) Th tn (4) Khi th

    B. Chu k c Kinh thnh th hai 1. c ton b sch mt ln na, c gng xc nh cc ch hay vn chnh 2. Lp dn cc ch chnh v ghi li mt s ni dung chnh trong mt cu ngn gn 3. Kim tra li cu ch v dn tng qut trong cc sch nghin cu khc

    C. Chu k c Kinh thnh th ba 1. c ton b sch mt ln na, c gng xc nh bi cnh lch s v cc dp tin c bit lm l do

    vit sch ny 2. Lit k ra cc mc thuc v lch s trong sch ang c

    a. Tc gi b. Thi im c. Ngi nhn d. L do c th vit sch ny e. Cc bi cnh vn ha lin h n mc ch ca vic vit sch ny f. Cc i chiu trong lch s lin quan n con ngi v cc s kin

    3. M rng dn bng cch vit li thnh on vn hon chnh cho phn on Kinh thnh m bn s gii ngha. Lun lun xc nh v lp dn cho cc n v ng vn. N c th l vi chng hay vi phn on. Cch ny gip bn theo di c lp lun v cch trnh by vn bn ca tc gi nguyn thy.

    4. Kim tra li bi cnh lch s t cc sch nghin cu khc D. Chu k c Kinh thnh th t

    1. c li n v ng vn ang nghin cu t nhiu bn dch khc a. Dch st tng ch (bn NKJV, NASB, NRSV) b. Dch tng ng, uyn chuyn (TEV, JB) c. Dch theo li din (Living Kinh thnh, Amplified Kinh thnh, Bn Din )

    2. Tm kim cc cu trc ng php v vn chng a. Cc cm t lp i lp li, phs 1:6, 12, 13 b. Cc cu trc ng php lp i lp li, Rma 8:31 c. Cc khi nim tng phn

    3. Lit k nhng mc sau y a. Cc t ng quan trng b. Cc t ng bt thng c. Cc cu trc ng php quan trng d. Cc t ng, v cu, hay cu vn kh hiu

    4. Tm cc phn on song song tng ng a. Tra xem phn on Kinh thnh dy r rng nht v ch bn ang nghin cu

    (1) Cc sch thn hc h thng (2) Cc Kinh thnh i chiu (3) Kinh thnh ph dn

    b. Tm mt cp nghch l (paradoxical pair) trong ch bn nghin cu. Nhiu l tht Kinh thnh c trnh by theo cc cp bin chng (dialectical pairs); cc mu thun trong cc h phi thng n t cch d bn vn (proof-texting) ch phn na vn c trnh by trong Kinh

  • thnh. V ton b Kinh thnh u c linh cm, chng ta phi tm kim s ip trn vn ca n cung cp mt s cn bng v Kinh thnh trong cch gii ngha ca mnh.

    c. Tm xem cc phn on tng ng trong cng mt sch, cng mt tc gi, hay cng mt th loi vn chng; Kinh thnh t n l ngi gii ngha s mt bi v n c mt Tc gi duy nht l chnh c Thnh Linh.

    5. Dng sch nghin cu kim tra li quan st ca bn v bi cnh lch s v cc dp tin a. Cc Kinh thnh c phn nghin cu b. Cc t in bch khoa Kinh thnh, cm nang Kinh thnh hay t in Kinh thnh c. Cc sch nhp mn Kinh thnh d. Cc sch gii kinh (trong tin trnh nghin cu ca bn n thi im ny, bn nn cho php cng

    ng c tin thi qu kh v hin ti, tham gia vo vic tr gip v chnh sa cng trnh nghin cu c nhn ca bn).

    IV. Phn p Dng Sau Khi Gii Ngha

    Ti y chng ta xoay qua phn p dng. Bn dnh th gi tm hiu bn vn trong bi cnh nguyn thy ca n; by gi bn phi p dng n trong cuc sng ca bn, vn ha ca bn. Ti nh ngha thm quyn ca Kinh thnh l nhn bit iu m tc gi nguyn thy mun ni cho thi ca ng v p dng l tht cho thi chng ta.

    Phn p dng phi theo sau phn gii ngha nh nguyn thy ca tc gi c xt v thi im ln cch lp lun. Chng ta khng th p dng mt phn on Kinh thnh cho thi ca chng ta ngy nay khi chng ta cha hiu n ni g cho thi i ca n! Mt phn on Kinh thnh khng th c ngha khi m n cha bao gi c t trc!

    Dn chi tit ca bn, v phn dn vit thnh on (chu k c th ba) s l ngi dn ng cho bn. Phn p dng phi c rt ra t cp phn on ch khng phi t tng ch ring l. T ng ch c ngha trong bi cnh ring ca n m thi. Ngi c linh cm duy nht trong tin trnh gii ngha l chnh tc gi nguyn thy. Chng ta ch theo s dn ng ca ngi ny di s soi sng ca c Thnh Linh. Nhng s soi sng khng phi l linh cm. c th ni, c Cha Tri c phn nh vy, chng ta phi buc mnh theo nh ca tc gi nguyn thy. Phn p dng phi lin h c th n tng chung ca ton b sch, ca tng n v ng vn v tng tng pht trin cp phn on. ng cc vn ca thi i chng ta xen vo gii ngha Kinh thnh; hy t Kinh thnh ni! iu ny i hi chng ta phi rt ra cc nguyn tc t bn vn. Nu bn vn h tr cho nguyn tc , th iu l hp l. Tht khng hay cht no v nhiu khi cc nguyn tc ca chng ta ch l ca chng ta, m khng phi l ca Kinh thnh.

    Khi p dng Kinh thnh, cn phi nh rng mt v ch mt ngha duy nht tng ng vi mt phn on Kinh thnh c th (tr cc li tin tri). ngha n lin h n nh ca tc gi nguyn thy khi ngi ny cp n mt vn nn hay mt nhu cu ca thi i ng ta. Nhiu p dng c th c rt ra t mt ngha ny. Phn p dng s da vo nhu cu ca ngi nhn nhng phi lin h n ngha ca tc gi nguyn thy. V. Yu T Thuc Linh Ca Vic Gii Ngha

    Nhng phn trc cho n gi, ti bn n tin trnh l-gch trong vic gii ngha v p dng Kinh thnh. By gi ti s cp ngn gn n phng din thuc linh ca vic gii ngha Kinh thnh. Nhng mc kim tra sau y gip ch cho ti:

    A. Cu xin s gip ca c Thnh Linh (xem I C-rin-th-t 1:26-2:16). B. Cu xin Cha tha ti v ty ra nhng ti li bit c (I Ging 1:9). C. Cu xin s khao kht bit Cha cng hn (Thi thin 19:7-14; 42:1 v tip theo; 119: 1 v tip theo). D. p dng nhng tng su sc vo cuc sng ca bn ngay lp tc E. Lun khim nhng v chu hc hi

    Kh m gi c s qun bnh gia tin trnh l-gch v s hng dn thuc linh ca c Thnh Linh.

    Nhng cu ni sau y gip ti gi c s qun bnh ny: A. Trch t sch Kinh thnh Twisting, ca Gia-c Sire, trang 17-18:

  • S soi sng n vi tr c ca dn s c Cha Tri- n khng ch n vi nhng ngi c tuyn la thuc linh. Khng c thnh phn bc thy trong C c gio theo Kinh thnh, khng c nhng ngi c bit c soi sng, khng c nhng ngi m tt c cc s gii thch hp l phi thng qua h. V v vy, mc d c Thnh Linh ban cc n t c bit v s khn ngoan, tri thc v phn bit thuc linh cho mt s ngi, Ngi khng giao cho cc C c nhn ti nng ny quyn lm nhng ngi duy nht c thm quyn gii ngha Li ca Ngi. iu ny hon ton ty thuc vo dn s ca Ngi mun hc, mun xem xt v phn bit cc vn chiu theo Kinh thnh l quyn sch ng lm thm quyn ngay c i vi nhng ngi Cha cho c nhng kh nng c bit. Tm li, gi nh m ti mun nu ra trong ton b tp sch ny l Kinh thnh l mc khi tht ca c Cha Tri cho ton th nhn loi, Kinh thnh l thm quyn tuyt i ca chng ta trn tt c cc vn m n ni n, v n khng phi l mt iu g hon ton huyn b nhng nhng ngi bnh dn mi vn ha u c th hiu c.

    B. Trch t Protestant Biblical Interpretation, ca Bernard Ramm, khi ni v Kierkegaard, trang 75: Theo Kierkegaard vic nghin cu Kinh thnh trn phng din ng php, t vng, v lch s l iu

    cn thit nhng ch l m u cho vic tht s c Kinh thnh. c Kinh thnh nh l Li c Cha Tri mt ngi phi c n vi tm lng ni ca ming, vi s hn h trng mong, trong cuc i thoi vi c Cha Tri. c Kinh thnh mt cch v , cu th, theo kiu hc gi hay nh ngh th khng phi l c Li c Cha Tri. Khi mt ngi c Li Cha nh c bc th tnh, ngi ang c Li c Cha Tri.

    C. Trch t The Relevance of the Kinh thnh, ca H.H. Rowley, trang 19: Khng c mt s hiu bit Kinh thnh n thun theo tr thc no, cho d c y n u, c th

    s hu c tt c cc chu bu ca n. N khng khinh thng nhng s hiu bit ny, v y l iu cn c th hiu mt cch hon chnh. Nhng n phi dn n s hiu bit thuc linh ca cc chu bu thuc linh trong sch nu n mun tr nn hon chnh.V c th hiu cc vn thuc linh nh vy, th iu g cao hn s nhy bn v tri thc l cn thit. Cc vn thuc linh c nhn bit theo cch thuc linh, v mi ngi hc Kinh thnh u cn c thi n nhn thuc linh, mt s ham thch tm thy Cha dn n vic ngi t u phc Ngi, nu ngi mun vt qua tm nghin cu theo tnh cht khoa hc ca mnh i n mt s tha hng giu c hn v iu cao qu nht trong tt c cc sch ny.

    VI. Phng Php S Dng Trong Tp Sch Ny

    Tp Hng Dn Nghin Cu Gii Kinh c thit k nhm gip bn trong qu trnh gii ngha Kinh thnh qua cc cch sau:

    A. Mt dn lch s ngn c gii thiu mi sch. Sau khi bn thc hin chu k c th ba bn nn kim tra li thng tin ny.

    B. Cc nhn xt su sc v bi cnh c trnh by u mi chng. iu ny gip bn thy cc n v ng vn ni kt nhau nh th no.

    C. u mi chng hay cc n v ng vn chnh, cc phn chia on v tiu c trnh by t nhiu bn dch khc nhau: 1. Bn United Kinh thnh Society, bn Hy lp, hiu nh ln th t (UBS4 ) 2. Bn New American Standard Kinh thnh, cp nht nm 1995 (NASB) 3. Bn New King Gia-c Version (NKJV) 4. Bn New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) 5. Bn Todays English Version (TEV) 6. Bn the New Jerusalem Kinh thnh (NJB)

    Cc cch chia on khng c linh cm. Chng phi c xc nhn t bi cnh ca n. Bng cch i chiu cc bn dch hin i t cc l thuyt dch v quan im thn hc khc nhau, chng ta c th phn tch c cu trc tng gi nh l ng t tc gi nguyn thy. Mi phn on c mt l tht chnh. iu ny cn c gi l cu ch hay tng trng tm ca bn vn. tng hp nht ny l cha kha dn n s gii ngha hp l v mt lch s v vn phm. Khng mt ngi no nn gii ngha, ging hay dy da trn mt n v t hn l mt phn on! Cng nn nh rng mi phn on u lin h n cc phn on xung quanh n. iu ny gii thch ti sao vic lp dn cp phn on cho ton b sch l quan trng. Chng ta phi c kh nng theo di c s pht trin tng mt cch lgch v mt ch do tc gi nguyn thy c s linh cm trnh by.

  • D. Cc ch thch ca Bob i theo phng php gii ngha theo tng cu. iu ny buc chng ta phi i theo tng ca tc gi nguyn thy. Cc ch thch ny cung cp thng tin thuc v cc lnh vc sau: 1. Bi cnh ng vn 2. Cc nhn xt su sc v lch s v vn ha 3. Cc thng tin ng php 4. Cc nghin cu theo t 5. Cc on Kinh thnh tng ng

    E. mt s ch trong tp gii ngha ny, phn bn vn in theo bn New American Standard Version (cp nht nm 1995) s c b sung bng cc bn dch hin i khc: 1. Bn King Gia-c mi (NKJV) l bn dch da trn bn tho Truyn thng gi l bn Tiu chun

    (the Textus Receptus). 2. Bn Hiu nh Tiu chun (the New Revised Standard Version) l bn dch theo tng ch c

    xut bn bi National Council of Churches of the Revised Standard Version. 3. Bn Ting Anh Ngy nay (the Todays English Version) l mt bn dch tng ng v uyn

    chuyn xut bn bi American Kinh thnh Society. 4. Bn Jerusalem Kinh thnh (JB) l mt bn dch ting Anh da trn bn dch ting Php ca Cng

    gio. F. i vi nhng ngi khng bit ting Hy lp, vic i chiu cc bn dch Anh ng gip xc nh

    c mt s vn trong bn vn: 1. Cc d bn 2. Cch s dng t 3. Cc bn vn v cu trc ng php kh 4. Cc bn vn khng r

    G. cui mi chng u c cc cu hi tho lun lin quan n vn , c cung cp hng n mt s vn gii thch chnh trong on .

  • GII THIU V GING TUYN B M U

    A. Mathi v Lu-ca bt u vi s ging sinh ca Cha Gisu , Mc bt u vi php Bptem , nhng Ging bt u vi thi imtrcto ha .

    B. Ging trnh by y v th Ngi Chaca Gisu Na-za-rt ngay t cu u ca chng u tin v lp i

    lp li iu nhn mnh ny trong sut Phc m. Cc sch Phc m u tin -(Synoptic cn gi l Phc m ng Quan, do c cng quan im) - che kn s tht ny cho n phn tng trnhcui sch (B mt ca ng M-si-a)

    C. R rng Ging pht trin Phc m ca mnh trong nh sng ca nhng iu c bn c khng nh trong

    cc Phc m ng Quan. ng c gng b sung v gii thch i sng v gio hun ca Cha Gisu nhm p ng cc nhu cu ca Hi Thnh u tin (cui th k th nht )

    D. Dng nh Ging cu trc thuyt trnh v Gisu - ng M-si-a xung quanh:

    1. by php l, (du hiu) v gii thch ca h 2. hai mi by cuc phng vn v (hoc) hi thoi vi cc c nhn 3. Mt s nghi thc th phng v ngy l:

    a. ngy Sa-bt b. L Vt Qua (x. Ging 5-6) c. L n Tm (x. Ging 7-10 ) d. Hanukkah (xem. Ging 10:22-39)

    4. Tuyn b "Ta L "

    a. Lin quan n Tn Thnh ca c Cha Tri (YHWH )

    1) Ta L ng y ( Ging 4:26; 8:24,28 ; 13:19 ; 18:5-6 ) 2) Ta l ng ctrc p-ra-ham( Ging 8:54-59 )

    b. Lin quan n biu hin tng trng:

    1) Ta l bnh ca s sng (Ging 6:35 , 41 , 48 , 51) 2) Ta l nh sng th gian (Ga 8:12) 3) Ta l ci cng chung chin (Ging 10:07 , 9) 4) Ta l Ngi Chn Chin nhn lnh (Ging 10:11, 14) 5) Ta l s sng li v l s sng (Ging 11:25) 6) Ta l ng i, l tht vs sng (Ging 14:6) 7) Ta l cy nho tht (Ging 15:1, 5)

    E. S khc bit gia Ging v cc sch Phc m khc 1.Mc d mc ch chnh ca Ging l thn hc, cch s dng lch s v a l ca ng cc k chnh xc v chi tit. L do chnh xc v sao c s khc bit gia cc Phc m ng Quan v Ging khng c bit mt cch chc chn:

    a. Khc bit trong mc v ban u Giu-a (lm sch n th) b . Khc bit v trnh t thi gian trong i v trong tun cui ca Cha Gisu c . Khc bit v ti cu trc thn hc c mc ch

  • 2 . (Sinh vin) nn ra mt cht thi gian tho lun v s khc bit r rng gia Ging v Phc m ng Quan Xin cho php ti c dn chng ng George Eldon Ladd trong cun Thn hc Tn c v s khc bit :

    a. " Phc m Th T khc cc Phc m ng Quan n mc cu hi sau y phi c tr li nghim tc: y l s tng trnh trung thc nhng gio hun ca Cha Cha Gi-su, hay c tin C c Gio thay i truyn thng, n mc lch s b nut chng trong s gii thch thn hc " (trang 215) . b. " Gii php trong tm tay gn nht l nhng li dy ca Cha Gisu c Ging th hin trong thnh ng. Nu y l gii php ng, v dn n kt lun rng Phc m Th T c Ging din t bng thnh ng , mt cu hi quan trng tip c ny sinh: n mc no Phc m th t l thn hc ca Ging, ch khng phi l ca Cha Gisu ? n mc no gio hun ca Cha Gisu c ng ha trong tm tr ca Ging, nn chng ta chn cch gii thch ca Ging, thay v trnh by li dy ca Cha Gisu mt cch chnh xc ? " (trang 215) . c . Ladd cng trch dn WF Albright t "Khm Ph Gn y Palestine v Phc m Ging " , trong cun Bi cnh Tn c v Lai Th Hc (hay Th Mt Hc) , bin tp bi WD Davies v D. Daube

    "Khng c s khc bit c bn trong ging dy gia Ging v Phc m ng Quan ; S tng phn c thy tp trung theo truyn thng trn mt s kha cnh gio hun ca Cha Cu Th, c bit l nhng iu ging nh gio hun ca Essenes mt cch gn gi nht .

    Hon ton khng c chng c no chng minh rng nhng li dy ca Cha Gisu b bp mo, blm sai lch, hoc c mt nguyn t quan trng mi no c thm v. Hay cc nhu cu ca Gio Hi u tinnh hng ti s la chn cc chi tit c a vo Phc m theo cch d dng tha nhn. Nhng trong thc t khng c bng chng no chng minh rng nhu cu no ca Gio Hi l nguyn nhn dn n pht minh, sng ch quan im thn hc ng k.

    Mt trong nhng gi thuyt k qui ca cc nh ph bnh Tn c cng cc nh thn hc l tm tr ca Cha Cha Gi-su b gii hn ti mc: bt k s tng phn r rng no gia Ging v Phc m ng Quan u pht xut t s khc bit quan im gia cc nh thn hc C c u tin. Mi t tng v c tnh v i s c gii thch mt cch khc nhau bi bn b v ngi nghe. H s chn nhng g c v ng tnh hoc hu ch nht cho h trong nhng iu thy v nghe "(tr. 170-171 ) .

    d . V mt dn chng na t George E. Ladd : "S khc bit gia nhm Phc m ng Quan v Ging khng phi l Phc m

    Ging c tnh thn hc v nhng Phc m khc th khng. Tt c u mang tnh thn hc theo nhng cch khc nhau. Lch s c gii ngha c th trnh by cc thc t ca mt tnh hung, mt cch nhiu hn so vi mt bin nin s ca cc s kin . Nu Phc m Ging l vn kin gii thch thn hc, n gii thch cc s kin m Ging tin chc xy ra trong lch s. R rng iu ny khng phi l mc ch ca cc sch Phc m ng Quan, tng trnh kiu iThi-thinissima Verba (li chnh xc) ca Cha Cha Gi-su, hay l tiu s ca cc s kin ca cuc i Cha. Phc m ng Quan l chn dung ca Cha Gisu v tm lc nhng gio hun ca Ngi. Mathi v Lu-ca cm thy mnh c th c php sp xp li ti liu trong Mc v trnh by s ging dy ca Cha Gisu vi mt s t do ng k. Nu Ging s dng st do trong mc cao hn Ma-thi- v Lu-ca , thiu n t lng mong mun dng nn mt chn dung su sc hn v cui cng l thc t hn ca Cha Gisu "(tr. 221-222 ) .

    TC GI

    A. Phc m (th t) tuy v danh nhng gi Ging l tc gi

    1. Tc gi - mt nhn chng tn mt (x. Ging 19:35 ) 2. cu " mn yu du " (c hai Gim Mc Polycrates v Irenaeus xc nh ng l mn Ging) 3. Ging , con trai ca Z-b- , khng bao gi c cp bi tn

  • B. R rng bi cnh lch s t chnh Phc m, do vn tc gi l ai khng phi l mt yu t gii kinh

    quan trng. S khng nh tc gi c Thnh Linh cm hng quan trng hn ! Quyn tc gi v thi im ca Phc m Ging khng nh hng n scm hng, nhng nh

    hng s gii kinh. Cc nh gii kinh tm kim mt bi cnh lch s , mt c hi i hi cun sch c vit . c ginn so thuyt nh nguyn ca Ging vi: 1. hai la tui (th h)ngi Do Thi 2. gio vin ca s cng bnh theo Qumran 3. tn gio Zoroastrian (Ha gio (Zoroastrianism) cn c gi l Bi ha gio, Ha yu gio, hoc o Zarathushtra)

    4. T tng Tri Hu Gio - tng ng o (Gnostic) 5. Quan im c o ca Cha Gisu ?

    C. Theo truyn thng ban u, Mn Ging , con trai ca Z-b- , l ngun d liu v chng nhn tn mt . iu ny cn phi c lm r bi v cc ngun thng tin bn ngoi trong th k th hai dng lin kt ngi khc l tc gi ca Phc m Ging:

    1. Tn hu v cc trng lo phs khuyn khch S Ging, nay ln tui, vit Sch Phc m( Eusebius trch Clement of Alexandria )

    2. Mt ng i lS Anh-r( cc Muratorian Fragment , 180-200SAU C.N , t R-mae )

    D. Mt s hc gi hin i gi nh mt tc gi khc, da trn mt s gi nh v phong cch v ch ca Phc m. Nhiu ngi gi nh thi im vit trong giai on u th k th hai ( trc 115 S.C.N ) :

    1. c vit bi mt mn ca Ging ( mt ngi thuc vng nh hng ca Ging), qua tr nh v li dy ca Ging ( J. Weiss , B. Lightfoot , CH Dodd, O. Cullmann , RA Culpepper, CK Barrett )

    2. c vit bi " mt trng lo tn Ging" (mt trong mt lot cc nh lnh o u t chu chu nh hng thn hc v thut ng ca S Ging), theo gi ca mt on vn kh hiu trong Papias ( 70-146 SAU C.N ) trch dn ca Eusebius ( 280-339 SAU C.N )

    E. Bng chng cho Ging l ngun chnh cho cc vt liu dng vit Phc m Ging 1. bng chng ni b

    a. tc gi bit gio hun ca ngi Do Thi, nghi l v quan im ca h t cu c b . tc gi bitrPalestine, Jerusalem v bi cnh lch s trc nm 70 SCN c . tc gi tuyn b mnh l mt nhn chng

    1) Ging 1:14 2) Ging 19:35 3) Ging 21:24

    d . tc gi l mt thnh vin ca nhm mn , v ng quen thuc vi : 1) chi tit v thi gian v a im ( ban m Cha b bt ) 2) Cc chi tit ca s lng (chu nc trong Ging 2:06 v c bt c trong Ging

    21:11) 3) Cc chi tit ca ngi trong cuc 4) tc gi bit rvthng tin chi tit v phn ng trong cc s kin 5)dng nh tc gi c gi l " mn yu du "

    a) Ging 13:23,25 b) Ging 19:26-27 c) Ging 20:2-5,8 d) Ging 21:07 , 20-24

    6) tc gi c v l mt thnh vin ca nhm mn thn cn, cng vi Phi--r a) Ging 13:24 b) Ging 20:02 c) Ging 21:07

    7) tn Ging , con trai ca Z-b- , khng bao gi xut hin trong Phc m ny , iu ny c v bt thng v ng l mt thnh vin ca nhm Mn thn cn.

  • 2. Bng chng bn ngoi a. Phc m c bit n bi

    1) Irenaeus ( Sau C.N 120-202 ), ngi c lin quan vi Polycarp, bit S Ging (. Lch s Eccleasticus Eusebius ' 5:20:6-7 ) - " Ging mn ca Cha, ngi da mnh vo ngc Cha v bn thn truyn ging Phc m ti -ph-s Tiu " ( Haer , 03:01:01 , trch dn trong Eusebius ' Hist. Truyn-o . 05:08:04 ) .

    2) Clement Alexandria ( 153-217 Sau C.N ) - " Ging c bn b mnh khch l v c c Cha Tri tc ng bi Thnh Linh , vit mt Phc m thuc linh " ( Eusebius ' Lch s Eccleasticus 06:14:07 )

    3) Justin Martyr ( Sau C.N 110-165 ) trong i thoi ca mnh vi Trypho 81:4 4) Tertullian ( 145-220 sau C.N )

    b . Ging c cc nhn chng u tin khng nh l tc gi. 1) Polycarp ( 70-156 Sau C.N , ghi li bi Irn ), v gim mc ca Smyrna ( Sau C.N 155

    ) 2) Papias ( 70-146 Sau C.N , ghi li bi Anti- Marconite Prologue t R-mae v Eusebius

    ) ,v gim mc ca Hierapolis x Phyrgia v c cho bit l mt t ca S Ging

    F. L do nghi ng quyn tc gi ca Ging theo truyn thng 1. S lin h ca Phc m Ging vi cc ch Tri Hu Gio 2 . Ph lc r rng ca chng 21 3 . S chnh lch trnh tthi gian so vi cc Phc m ng Quan 4 . Ging s khng t gi mnh l "ngi mn yu du " 5 . Cha Gisu trong Phc m Ging s dng t vng v cc th loi khc vi trong Phc m ng Quan

    G. Nu gi nh tc gi l S Ging th chng ta c th bit g v ng ?

    1. ng vit t phs ( Irn ni "ban hnh Phc m t phs " ) 2 . ng vit khi cao tui ( Irn ni rng Ging sng cho n triu i Trajan , Sau C.N 98-117)

    THI IM VIT

    A. Nu gi thit tc gi l s Ging, 1. Bng chng Ging vit trc nm 70 SCN, (thi im Jerusalem b ph hy bi Titus V Tng La

    M, sau ny l Hong ): a. Trong Ging 05:02 , Ti Gi-ru-sa-lem, gn ca Chin, c mt h nc, ting H-b-r gi l

    B-tt-a. H c nm vm ca... " b. s dng cm t cc mn m ch nhm mn u tin. c. cc pht hin trong Dead Sea Scrolls, cho thy yu t Tri Hu Gio l mt phn ca thut ng

    thn hc ca th k th nht d. khng cp n s tn ph ca ngi n v thnh ph Jerusalem trong nm 70Sau C.N e. nh kho c hc ni ting ngi M WF Albright khng nh thi im vit Phc m Ging

    vo cui nhng nm 70 hoc u nhng nm 80 SCN

    2 . Bng chng Ging vit trong phn sau ca th k u tin: a. thn hc ca Gingpht trin b . S sp ca Jerusalem khng c cp, bi v n xy ra khong hai mi nm trc c . S dng t ng v nhn mnh theo nh hng ca Tri Hu Gio d . Theo truyn thng s khi ca Gio Hi

    1) Irn 2) Eusebius

    B. Nu chng ta gi thit " Trng lo Ging" l tc gi, thi im vit d c th ri vo gia th k th hai. L thuyt ny bt u vi vic Dionysius t chi ' S Ging l tc gi (v l do vn hc ) . Eusebius - ngi

  • t chi S Ging l tc gi ca Khi Huyn v nhng l do thn hc - cm thy mnh tm thy mt "Ging" khc vo ng thi v ng ch, theo trch dn Papias ( Lch s Eccleasticus 3:39:5,6 ) trong lit k hai " Ging ": (1) S v (2) Trng lo) .

    C GI A. u tin, Phc n Ging c vit cho cc gio hi ca tnh Tiu ca La M , c bit l -ph-s. B. Do s n gin uyn thm v chiu su cu chuyn v cuc sng v con ngi ca Cha Gisu Na-za-rt,

    Phc m Ging tr thnh mt Phc m yu thch cho c ngi Do-thi sng ngoi bang (Helenistic) v dn ngoi tin Cha v cc nhm Tri Hu Gio .

    MC CH A. Phc m Ging khng nh mc ch truyn gio, Ging 20:30-31

    1. cho c gi Do Thi 2. cho c gi ngoi 3. cho c gi t nhm Tri Hu Gio phi thai

    B. Phc m Ging c n lc bin gio (apologetic) 1. Chng li tn cung tn theo Ging Bp-tt 2 . Chng li cc gio s gi thuc Tri Hu Gio phi thai (c bit trong Li Ta) ; nhng gio l sai

    trt theo Tri Hu Gio cng to nn bi cnh sch Tn c khc : a. -ph-s b . C-l-se-s c . cc th tn mc v (1 Timothy , Tt , 2 Timothy ) d . T Th Ging th Nht (Th Ging Th Nht c th ng vai tr nh mt trang gii thiu

    cho Phc m Ging) C. C th mc ch Phc m Ging trong cu 20:31 l khuyn khch s kin tr cng nh truyn gio, v ng

    thng dng th hin ti m t s cu ri . Trong ngha ny Phc m Ging , cng nh th Gia-c cn bng s qu-nhn-mnh thn hc Phao-l trong vng mt s nhm Tiu (x. 2 Phi-e-ro 3:15-16 ). iu ngc nhin l theo truyn thng Hi thnh u tin, Ging c xc nh lin h vi -ph-sesus, chkhng phi Phao-l ( x. Phi--r FF Bruce , Phi--r, St-ph-sen, Gia-c, Ging: Studies in Non-Phao-line C-c gio - Sch Phi--r, St-ph-sen, Gia-c, Ging: Nghin cu C c Gio bn ngoi thn hc Phao-l , trang 120-121 ) .

    D. Li kt (Ging 21) dng nh tr li mt s cu hi c th ca Hi Thnh u tin

    1. Ging b sung cc cu chuyn mPhc m ng Quan b qua. Tuy nhin , ng tp trung vo mc v ti Giu-a, c bit l Jerusalem.

    2. Ba cu hi bao gm trong Ph lc , Ging 21 a. S phc hi Phr b. Tui th ca Ging c. Cha Cha Gi-su tr hon s Ti lm

    E. Mt s ngi xem Ging gim bt s nhn mnh v nghi l bng cch lm ng hoc khng ghi li,khng tho lun cc sc lnh, mc d c c hi tuyt vi trong bi cnh ca Ging 3 ( php Bp-tem ) v Ging 6 ( Tic Thnh )

    C IM TRONG CNG PHC M GING

    A. Li Ta mang tnh trit hc / thn hc (Ging 1:1-18 ) v Li Kt mang tnh thc t(Ging 21) B. By du hiu php l trong chc v cng cng ca Cha Gisu ( chng Ging 2-12 ) v cch gii thch du

    hiu php l 1. thay i nc thnh ru ti tic ci Cana ( Ging 2:1-11 )

  • 2. cha lnh cc con trai ca vin chc ta n ti Capernaum ( Ging 4:46-54 ) 3. cha lnh ngi qu ti h bi Bethesda Jerusalem (Ging 5:1-18 ) 4. cho n khong 5.000 min Galilee ( Ging 6:1-15 ) 5. i b trn bin Galilee ( Ging 6:16-21 ) 6. cha bnh ca ngi m Jerusalem (Ging 9:1-41 ) 7. Khin Lazarus sng dy Bethany (Ging 11:1-57 )

    C. Cc cuc phng vn v i thoi vi cc c nhn 1. Vi Ging Bp-tit ( Ging 1:19-34 ; 3:22-36 ) 2. Vi cc mn

    a. Vi Anh-rv Phi--r ( Ging 1:35-42 ) b. Vi Phi-lp v Nathanael (Ga 1:43-51 )

    3. Vi Ni-c-em (Ga 3:1-21 ) 4. Vi ngi ph n Sa-ma-ria (Ging 4:1-45 ) 5. Vi Ngi Do Thi Jerusalem (Ging 5:10-47 ) 6. Vi m ng Ga-li-l ( Ging 6:22-66 ) 7. Vi Phi--r v cc mn (Ga 6:67-71 ) 8. Vi anh em ca Cha Gisu ( Ging 7:1-13 ) 9. Vi Ngi Do Thi Jerusalem ( Ging 7:14-08:59 ; 10:1-42 ) 10.Vi cc mn trong cn phng trn lu ( Ging 13:01-17:26 ) 11.Vi Bt gi ngi Do Thi v th nghim ( Ging 18:1-27 ) 12.Vi Th nghim La M (Ging 18:28-19:16 ) 13.cuc tr chuyn sau phc sinh, 20:11-29

    a. vi Maria b. vi mi Mn c. vi Th-ma

    14.Vi Phi--r trong hi thoi cui cng , Ging 21:1-25 15.( Ging 7:53-8:11 , cu chuyn ngi ph n ngoi tnh , khng phi l mt phn ca Phc m

    Thnh Ging nguyn bn! ) D. Mt s ngy th phng / l

    1. cc ngy Sa-bt (Ging 05:09 ; 7:22; 9:14; 19:31 ) 2. cc L Vt qua ( Ging 2:13; 6:4; 11:55 ; 18:28 ) 3. L lu tm ( Ging 8-9) 4. Hanukkah ( l hi nh sng, xem. Ging 10:22)

    E. S Dng li tuyn b: Ta L

    1. "Ta L ng y ' " (Ging 04:26 ; 06:20 ; 8:24,28,54-59 ; 13:19 ; 18:5-6,8 ) 2. "Ta L bnh ca s sng" (Ging 6:35,41,48,51 ) 3. "Ta L nh sng th gian " (Ga 8:12; 9:5) 4. "Ta L ca chung chin " (Ging 10:7,9 ) 5. "Ta l mc t tt lnh " ( 1Ging 0:11,14 ) 6. "Ta l s sng li v l s sng" (Ging 11:25) 7. " Ta l ng , l s tht v l s sng" (Ging 14:6) 8. "Ta l cy nho tht " (Ging 15:1,5 )

  • CHU K C KINH THNH LN TH NHT y l tp hng dn gii kinh, c ngha l bn phi c trch nhim t lm cng vic gii kinh. Mi ngi chng ta phi bc i trong s soi sng mnh c c. Chnh bn, cun Kinh thnh, v c Thnh Linh ng vai tr u tin trong vic gii ngha. Bn khng nn bn ciiu ny cho nh gii kinh. c ton b sch ny trong mt ln c. Vit ra ch trng tm ca ton b sch bng ch ca bn.

    1.Ch ca ton b sch 2.Th loi vn chng

    CHU K C KINH THNH LN HAI c li ton b sch ny ln th hai trong mt ln c. Lp dn cc ch chnh v vit mt cu din t mi ch .

    1. Ch ca n v ng vn th nht 2. Ch ca n v ng vn th hai 3. Ch ca n v ng vn th ba 4. Ch ca n v ng vn th t 5. Vn vn

  • GING 1 CCH CHIA PHN ON TRONG CC BN DCH HIN I 1

    UBS NKJV NRSV TEV NJB Ngi li thnh th xc

    Ngi li i i Li ta Ngi li hng sng Li ta

    1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-18 Ging - Chng nhn

    nh Sng

    1:6-13 1:6-13 1:6-9 1:10-13

    1:6-9 1:10-13

    Ngi li thnh th xc

    1:14-18 1:14-18 1:14-18 1:14 1:15 1:16-18

    Li chng Ging Bp-tt

    Ting ku t ng vng

    Li chng Ging Bp-tt

    S ip Ging Bp-tt Li chng ca Ging

    1:19-28 1:19-28 1:19-23 124-28

    1:19 1:20 1:21a 1:21b 1:21c 1:22a 1:22b 1:23 1:24-28 1:24-25 1:26-27 1:28

    1:19-28

    Chin Con ca CT Chin Con ca CT Chin Con ca CT 1:29-34 1:29-34 1:29-34 1:29-31

    1:32-34 1:29-34

    Nhng mn u tin

    Nhng mn u tin

    Li chng ca nhng mn u tin

    Nhng mn u tin

    Nhng mn u tin

    1:35-42 1:35-42 1:35-42 1:35-36 1:37-38a 1:38b 1:39 1:40-42a 1:42b

    1:35-39 1:40-42

    Phi-lip, Na-tha-na-en c ku gi

    Phi-lip, Na-tha-na-en

    Cha Cha Gi-su ku gi Phi-lip, Na-tha-na-en

    1:43-51 1:43-51 1:43-51 1:43-45 1:46a 1:46b 1:47

    1:43-51

    1 * Mc d khng c linh cm, vic phn on v cu l cha kha hiu v theo di tng nguyn thy ca tc gi. Mi bn dch hin i u c phn phn on v tm tt on. Hin nhin, cu 1-5, 6-10, 11-17, v 18-24 l nhng n v t tng (nhng phn on). Mi on c mt ch , mt l tht, mt tng trng tm. Mi bn dch c cch chia on c bit ring ca n c ng li cc ch ny. Khi c mt bn vn, hy t hi chnh mnh l bn dch no gip bn nm c ch qua li chia on v cu ca n.

    mi on, chng ta phi c Kinh thnh trc v tm cch xc nh cc ch (phn on) ca n, sau so snh s hiu bit ny vi cc bn dch hin i. Ch khi no chng ta hiu c nh ca tc gi nguyn thy bng cch theo di l lun v cch trnh by ca h, th chng ta mi tht s hiu c Kinh thnh. Ch c tc gi nguyn thy c linh cm- ngi c khng c quyn thay i hay b sung vo s ip. Tuy nhin, nhng ngi c Kinh thnh c trch nhim p dng nhng l tht c linh cm ny vo cuc sng hng ngy ca h. Lu rng tt c cc thut ng v nhng ch vit tt u c gii thch r rng trong Ph lc mt, hai, v ba.

  • 1:48a 1:48b 1:49 1:50-51

    CHU K C LN TH NHT

    y l tp hng dn gii kinh, c ngha l bn phi c trch nhim t lm cng vic gii kinh. Mi ngi chng ta phi bc i trong s soi sng mnh c c. Chnh bn, cun Kinh thnh, v c Thnh Linh ng vai tr u tin trong vic gii ngha. Bn khng nn bung thiu ny cho nh gii kinh.

    Mt ln ngi c trn vn c cun sch. Xc nh ch trng tm ca cun sch bng chnh li vn ca mnh,

    1. Ch ca c cun sch. 2. Th loi vn chng ca cun sch (th tn, lch s, khn ngoan, tin tri?)

    CHU K C LN TH HAI (xem trang ***) c ht on ny trong mt ln c. Xc nh b cc cc tiu v vit cc tiu bng chnh li ca

    mnh trong mc cu ngn. 1. Tiu ca n v vn chng u tin (n v vn chng: Phn, phn on v on. Phn gm nhiu chng phn on gm nhiu on v v on gm nhiu cu)

    2. Tiu ca n v vn chng th hai 3. Tiu ca n v vn chng th ba 4. Tiu ca n v vn chng th t 5. vn vn

    CHU K C LN TH BA (xem trang ***) THEO DI NH CA TC GI NGUYN THY THEO TNG PHN ON

    c ht on ny trong mt ln c. Xc nh cc ch . i chiu cch chia on theo ch ca bn vi cc bn dch hin i. Cch chia on khng c linh cm nhng n l cha kha theo di tng ca tc gi nguyn thy, vn l trng tm ca vic gii ngha. Mi phn on u c mt v ch mt ch .

    1. Phn on 1 2. Phn on 2 3. Phn on 3 4. Vn vn

    CC KIN GII VN MCH SU SC LIN QUAN N BI CNH CU 1-18

    A. Phc tho thn hc ca mt bi th, thnh ca, tuyn ngn 1. ng Christ i i, Thn Linh, To Ha, Cu Chuc, vv. 1-5 (Cha Gi-su Ngi Li) 2. Li chng tin tri v ng Christ, vv. 6-9,15 (Cha Gi-su l nh Sng) 3. ng Christ nhp th by t c Cha Tri vv. 10-18 (Cha Gi-su l Con)

    B. Cu trc thn hc cc cu. 1-18 v ch lp i lp li 1. Cha Gi-su c cng vi c Cha Cha (1a) 2. Cha Gi-su trong s tng giao mt thit vi c Cha Cha (1b, 2, 18c) 3. Cha Gi-su c cng mi bn cht nh c Cha Cha (1c, 18b) 4. Cha Gi-su l phng tin cu ri v tip nhn con nui ca c Cha Cha 5. Nhp th, Thn c tr nn phm nhn 6. Mc khi, Thn c c by t v thng hiu (18d)

    C. Bi cnh t Logos (Li Phn ) trong ting Do-thi v Hy-lp) 1. Bi cnh Do-thi

  • a. Quyn nng ca Li Phn (-sai 55:11; Thi-thin. 33:6; 107:20; 147:15,18), trong To Ha (Gen.1:3,6,9,11,14,20,24, 26,29) v trong s chc phc ca cc bc tin bi (Gen. 27:1ff; 49:1)

    b. Chm ngn 8:12-23 nhn cch ha s khn ngoan l to vt u tin ca c Cha Tri v l phng tin to ha tt c mi s sau (xem. Thi-thin. 33:6 mt sch ngoi Kinh Thnh: S khn ngoan ca Sa-l-mn, 9:9)

    c. Targums (bn dch v gii kinh ting A-ram) thay ch Logos bng cm t Li ca c Cha Tri bi h khng an tm vi khi nim ging ngi ca Ngi Li (because of their discomfort with anthropomorphic terms)

    2. Bi cnh Hy-lp a. Heracleitus Th gii thay i lin tc, Thn Linh v t, v cm v Ngi Li khng h bin

    i bo ton v hng dn s thay i ca th gii. b. Plato Thn Linh v t, v cm v Ngi Li khng h bin i gn gi cc hnh tinh theo

    qu o v xc nh cc ma c. Stoics Ngi Li mang tnh bn v t l cn nguyn v qun tr ca th gii , d. Phi-lo Nhn cch ha Ngi Li vi t cch Thy T L ti cao t linh hn ca loi

    ngi trc c Cha Tri, hay l nhp cu gia ngi v c Cha Tri, hay l ci cn iu khin m Ngi Li ca c v tr dng li mi s (kosmocrater)

    D. Cc yu t trit hc / thn hc theo Tri Hu Gio c pht trin trong th k th hai S.C.N 1. Thuyt bn th nh nguyn v s i lp i i gia tm linh v thuc th, 2. Thuc th xu xa v bng bnh, tm linh th ti lnh 3. H thng Tri Hu gio thit lp cc mc linh thn,(aeons) gia V Thn ti cao tt lnh v v

    thn nh hn l ng c th to ra vt cht. Nhiu ngi (nh Marcion) cho v thn nh hn ny l Gi-h-va ca Cu c

    4. S cu ri bi

    a. Kin thc b mt v mt m cho php mt c nhn i qua nhng mc linh thn trn ng tin ti s hip mt vi c Cha Tri

    b. Mt tia chp thing ling trong mi con ngi m t h khng bit cho n khi h c c kin thc b mt

    c. Mt s gi c bit mc khi kit thc b mt cho nhn loi. (Thn Linh ng Christ) 5. Mt h thng t tng khng nh ngi v Thn c ca Cha Gi-su, nhng t chi Cha ging

    sinh l thc hu, v t chi Ngi v tr trng tm! E. Bi cnh lch s

    1. Cu 1-18 l nhng n lc lin h tng ngi c Do-thi v Hy-lp qua s s dng t: Logos ngi li.

    2. S sai lm ca Tri Hu Gio l nn tng trit hc cho li ta vi cu trc ht sc cht ch. Th Ging th nht c th l phn gii thiu Phc m Ging. Tri Hu Gio khng c bit n qua vn t cho n th k th hai, nhng phi thai ca n c pht hin trong ti liu vn t Bin Cht (Dead Sea Scrolls) v Phi-l.

    3. Cc Phc m ng Quan (c bit l Mc) che khut ngi v Thn c ca Cha Gi-su cho n khi Cha b ng inh ti Can-v, cn Phc m Ging, c vit mi sau ny, ngay trong chng 1 pht trin ch Cha Gi-su trn vn l c Cha Tri v trn vn l con ngi (Danh hiu Con Ngi xem -x-chin. 2:1v a-ni-en 7:13) .

    F. Xem ch c bit: Ging 1 so vi I Ging 1 ti phn gii kinh cu I Ging 1:1.

    NGHIN CU T NG V CC CM T

    Bn NASB (hiu nh RRV2011) Ging 1:1-5 1Ban u c Ngi Li, Ngi Li vi c Cha Tri, v Ngi Li l c Cha Tri. 2T ban u, Ngi vi c Cha Tri. 3Mun vt u do Ngi to dng, khng mt loi th to no c to dng m khng bi Ngi. 4Trong Ngi c s sng, s sng l nh sng cho loi ngi. 5nh sng soi trong bng ti, nhng bng ti khng tip nhn nh sng.

  • 1:1 Ban u phn chiu cu Sng Th k Sng th 1:1 ng thi cng c s dng trong I Ging 1:1, m ch s ging sinh, nhp th. C th th Ging th nht l phn gii thiu Phc m Ging. C hai u ng n Tri Hu gio. Cu 1-5 u khng nh Cha Gi-su ng Christ l Thn c c trc To Ha. (xem. 1:15; 8:56-59; 16:28; 17:5; II C-rin-t. 8:9; Phi-lip. 2:6-7; C-l-se-se. 1:17; H-b-r 1:3; 10:5-9). Tn c c m t nh:

    1. Mt To Ha mi, khng nh nhuc bi s Sa Ng Ti Li (v d., Sng Th. 3:15 tr nn hin thc cho nhn loi)

    2. Mt Chinh Phc mi (t Ha) 3. Mt Xut Hnh mi (Tin Tri thnh hin thc) 4. Mt M-s mi (Nh Lm Lut) 5. Mt Gi-su mi (xem. H-b-r 4:8) 6. Php l mi vi nc (xem. Hebrews 3-4) 7. Mt Ma-na mi (xem. Ging 6)

    V nhiu iu mi khc tm thy c bit trong sch H-b-r.

    c, vi, l (ba ln) y l th cha hon thnh ( imperfect tense, ang din ra trong qu kh), (xem cu 1,2,4,10) t tiu im vo s hin din lin tc trong qu kh. Th ny c s dng khng nh Logos Ngi Li tin ti - c t trc to ha, (xem. 8:57-58; 17:5,24; II C-rin-t. 8:9; C-l-se. 1:17; H-b-r 10:5-7) khc vi th qu kh (aorist tense- xy ra) trong cu. 3, 6 and 14.

    Ngi Li Ting Hy-lp Logos mang ngha mt s ip, ch khng phi l mt t vng n c. Trong vn mch ting Hy-lp Logos l cn nguyn th gii v trong ting H-b-r l s khn ngoan. Ging chn Li c Cha Tri va l nhn vt, va l s ip, xem kin gii vn mch, phn C. . Vi c Cha Tri trng t Vi c th vit li i mt. N phn nh mi lin h mt thit, mt thn tnh v ba Thn c (xem ch c bit Ba Ngi trong phn gii kinh on 14:26). Tn c cho thy mt nghch l: l Cha Gi-su va tch bit, nhng hip mt vi Cha.

    Ngi Li l c Cha Tri , ng t l th cha hon thnh (- imperfect tense: nh trong cu v. 1a). Trong cu ny v cu 18, s thiu mo t bt nh trc ch t Theos (c Cha Tri), cng nh v tr

    Ch c Bit: KHI U, BAN U ARCH

    Thut ng chnh trong ting Hy-lp l arch, c ngha l khi u, hoc xut x mt ci g , nh: 1. Khi u trt t sng to (xem. Ging 1:1; I Ging 1:1; H-b-r 1:10) 2. Khi u Phc m (xem. Mc 1:1; Phil. 4:15; II Th-sa. 2:13; H-b-r 2:3) 3. Nhn chng u tin (xem. Lu-ca 1:2) 4. Khi u cc du k, php l, xem. Ging 2:11) 5. Khi u cc nguyn tc (xem. H-b-r 5:12) 6. Khi u s m bo bi s tht Phc m (xem. H-b-r 3:14) 7. S khi u, C-l. 1:18; Khi huyn 3:14 S khi u c dng vi s cai tr quyn bnh ca: 1. V lnh t trong vng loi ngi

    a. Lu-ca 12:11 b. Lu-ca 20:20 c. R-maans 13:3; Titus 3:1

    2. Thm quyn trong vng thin s a. R-mans 8:38 b. I C-rin. 15:24 c. -ph-s. 1:21; 3:10; 6:12 d. C-l. 1:16; 2:10,15 e. Jude v. 6

    Nhng gio s gi ny coi thng tt c thm quyn trn tri di t H l nhng k t do ch ngha ngo mn, t bn thn mnh trn c c Cha Tri, thin s, thm quyn thuc th v lnh o gio hi

  • ng trc ca ch t trong cu trc cu ting Hy-lp khng nh mnh m Thn c trn vn ca Ngi Li t trc To Ha. Ngi khng l c Cha Cha, nhng Ngi c y thn tnh nh Cha. (xem. 5:18; 8:58; 10:30; 14:9; 17:11; 20:28; R-ma. 9:5; H-b-r 1:8; II Pet. 1:1). Cha Gi-su trn vn Thn Linh v trn vn con ngi (xem. I Ging 4:1-3). (F. Bruce, Answers to Questions, p. 66.

    Tn c khng nh Thn c trn vn ca Cha Gi-su Na-za-ret, nhng bo v s khc bit ca Ngi Hai i vi Cha. Thn tnh c nhn mnh trong Ging 1:1; 5:18; 10:30,34-38; 14:9-10; and 20:28, trong khi s khc bit li c nhn mnh trong Ging 1:2,14,18; 5:19-23; 8:28; 10:25,29; 14:11,12,13,16. 1:2 Lp li cu 1 v nhn mnh s tht kinh hong trong nh sng Nht Thn Lun, rng Cha Gi-su, ging sinh nm 6-5 T.C.N, c t khi u cng Cha v v vy Ngi l Thn c. 1:3 Mun vt u do Ngi to dng Ngi Li cng vi Cha, qua Ngi Li Cha sng to tt c mun vt c th v khng th thy c (xem. cu. 10; I C-rin-t. 8:6; C-l-se. 1:16; H-b-r 1:2). iu ny tng t vi vai tr ca s khn ngoan trong Thi-thin. 104:24 v Chm ngn. 3:19; 8:12-23 (trong ting Do-thi, s khn ngoan mang ging ci khng mt loi th to no c to dng m khng bi Ngi y l s phn bin i vi Tri Hu Gio dy d v cc ng cp linh thn, t mt thn ti cao, tt lnh ti mt thn cp thp to ra vt cht trc-to- ha. (xem gii kin vn mch, phn D). 1:4 Trong Ngi c s sng Cu ny nhn mnh s sng n t c Cha Con, Ngi li. Ging dng t zo nhn mnh s sng phc sanh, s sng i i ca c Cha Tri (xem. 1:4; 3:15,36; 4:14,36; 5:24,26,29,39,40; 6:27,33,35,40,47,48,51,53, 54,63,65, etc). Mt t s sng khc trong ting Hy-lp l bios ch v s sng sinh hc, s sng trn tri t (xem. I Ging 2:16).

    s sng l nh sng cho loi ngi nh sng l n d thng c Ging dng th hin s tht v tri thc ca c Cha Tri (xem. Ging 3:19;8:12; 9:5; 12:46). s sng cho tt c loi ngi (c th c m ch trong Thi thin 36:5-9)! nh sng v bng ti l ch thng xuyn c dng trong Vn t Bin Cht (Dead Sea Scrolls). Ging thng th hin nhng khi nim v phn hng i khng vi nhau. 1:5 nh sng soi trong bng ti y l th hin ti, lun lun hnh ng. Cha Gi-su lun tn ti v nay xut hin cho th gian (xem. 8:12; 9:5; 12:46). Trong Cu c, s c Cha Tri xut hin trong th xc thng i i vi cm t Thin S Ca Cha (xem. Gen. 16:7-13; 22:11-15; 31:11,13; 48:15-16; Exod. 3:2,4; 13:21; 14:19; Jdgs. 2:1; 6:22-23; 13:3-22; Xa-cha-ri. 3:1-2). Mt s ngi tin rng y l Ngi Li trc nhp th. CH C BIT: THIN S CA CHA

    R rng mt V Thn c th xut hin trong hnh hi con ngi. iu cn hi cc hc gi thuyt Ba Ngi, rng Ngi no thc hin s mng ny? Trong khi c Cha Cha c Gi-h-va v Thnh Linh Ngi lun trng thi v hnh, chng ta c th c gi rng ng M-si-a xut hin trc th nhp th.

    chng minh s kh khn khi xc nh cuc gp g thin s c th l s xut hin ca V Thn, xin nghin cu hai kh nng trong cc minh ha sau y

    1. Thin s ca Cha ch l mt trong cc thin s a. Sng . 24:7,40 b. Xut. 23:20-23; 32:34 c. Dn s. 22:22 d. Quan. 5:23 e. II Sam. 24:16 f. I S. 21:15-30 g. Xa-cha. 1:12-13

    2. Thin S ca Cha chnh l V Thn Ngi V c Cha Tri a. Sng. 16:7-13; 18:1-19:1; 22:11-15; 31:11,13; 48:15-16 b. Xut. 3:2,4; 14:19 (13:21) c. Quan. 2:15; 6:22-24; 13:3-23 d. -s 12:3-4

  • e. Xa-cha. 3:1-5 NASB, NKJV Bng ti khng thu hiu - the darkness did not comprehend it NRSV Bng ti khng thng ni - the darkness did not overcome it TEV Bng ti khng dp tt - the darkness has never put it out NJB and bng ti khng ch ng -and darkness could not overpower it

    ngha tn gc ca ng t Kalamban ny l chp git. - , Nh vy, bng ti c th (1) chp git nh ch ng, hay (2) th hiu. Ging c th c dng c hai. Phc m Ging thng dng t vi hai ngha v d ti sinh v sinh t Thin Thng, 3:3, gi v linh 3:8

    ng t (Kalamban) ch xut hin hai ln trong vn t ca Ging, (trong 8:3,4 khng c trong nguyn bn). Trong 1:5 Bng ti khng th thu hiu hoc p ch v trong 12:35, Bng ti t chi nh sng (tc Phc m Cha Gi-su) s b tht bi. S t chi em li s lm lc, cn s tip nhn em li s th phng. V tnh th ca nhn loi, tc gi Manfred T. Brauch, Abusing Kinh thnh, p. 35, lit k c im sau y .

    1. Lm lc, Lu-ca 15 2. Tm ti, Ging 1:5 3. Th hn, R-ma. 5:10 4. Chia ly, -ph-s. 2:15-17 5. Bt tin knh, R-ma. 1:18 6. Tch ri khi s sng trong c Cha Tri, -ph-s. 4:17-18 7. S tm tt tt nht ca ti li nhn loi c thy trong Ro-ma 1:18-3:23

    1:6-8 Nhng cu ny v cu 15 xc nhn Ging Bp-tt l chng nhn cho Cha Gi-su. ng l tin tri Cu c cui cng. Nhiu hc gi phn vn khng bit li ta y c vit trong vn vn hay vn xui. Thc s kh c th t nhng cu ny trong th vn vn.

    Ging Bp-tt l tin tri cui cng ca Cu c (trong kha cnh v s ip v quan im) ng l ngi i trc c tin tri trong Ma-la-chi 3:1 v 4:5. S Ging c th thm cc cu 6-8 (so vi Ging 1:20-25) gii thch s hiu lm v Ging Bp-tt trong thi k s khi (xem. Lu-ca 3:15; Cng v 18:25; 19:3). S Ging, khi vit Phc m Ging mun hn cc Phc m ng Quan pht hin s hiu lm ny.

    Xin ng Christ c m t trong th cha hon thnh, (tin ti, trc to ha) Cn Ging Bp-tt trong th qu kh (aorist - xy ra, xut hin trong thi im) v th hon thnh (perfect tense - mt s kin lch s vi nh hng lu di) (xem. cu. 6). Cha Gi-su hng c v c i i. 1:7 nh ng mi ngi u tiny l cu vn c dng . Phc m Ging cng nh cc Phc m khc, l nhng truyn o n ( rt c th cho C-c gio), mi gi tt c nhng ai c nim tin n tip nhn s cu ri trong ng Chris, l nh sng cho nhn loi (xem. v. 12; Ging 3:16; 4:42; 20:31; I Ti-m-th 2:4; Tit 2:11; II Phi--r. 3:9; I Ging 2:1; 4:14). 1:7,12 tin ng t ny c s dng 78 ln trong Phc m Ging v 24 ln trong th ca Ging. Th v thay khi thy Phc m Ging khng dng danh t c tin, nhng ch dng ng t tin. c tin khng ch yu l s hng ng ca tr tu hay cm xc, nhng l hnh ng p li mt cch t nguyn. T ting Hy-lp c dch li l tin, tin cy v nim tin, tng ng vi n cho Ngi (xem cu 11) v tip nhn Ngi (xem cu 12). S cu ri tuy l mn qu min ph trong n in c Cha Tri v kt qu cng vic ng Christ, nhng phi c tip nhn. S cu ri l mi lin h trong giao c, vi nhng u tin v trch nhim.

    NASB (Hiu nh RVV2011) Ging 1:6-8 6C mt ngi c Cha Tri sai n tn l Ging. 7ng n vi t cch mt nhn chng lm chng v nh sng hu cho nh ng mi ngi u tin. 8Chnh ng khng phi l nh sng, nhng ng n lm chng v nh sng.

  • CH C BIT: C TIN (PISTIS [danh t], PISTEU, [ng t], PISTOS [tnh t])

    A. y l ch rt quan trng ca Kinh Thnh (xem H-b-r 11:1,6). N l ch cho nhng bi ging lc ban u ca c Cha Gi-xu (xem Mc 1:15). C t nht hai i hi ca giao c mi: s n nn v c tin (xem 1:15; Cng-v 3:16,19; 20:21).

    B. T nguyn (ngun gc ca t ng) 1. Ch c tin trong Cu c c ngha l trung thnh, trung thc hay l ng tin cy l s m t

    bn tnh ca c Cha Tri, ch khng phi con ngi chng ta. 2. N pht xut t ch Do thi (emun, emunah) c ngha l chc chn hay l n nh. c tin

    cu ri l s tn thnh trong tm tr (nhng chn l, l tht), i sng o c (li sng) v hn na l s cam kt lin h (sn sng tip n) vi mt ngi no , mt cam kt t nguyn (mt quyt nh) dnh cho mt ngi no .

    C. Cch s dng trong Cu c Cn phi nhn mnh rng c tin ca p-ra-ham khng t ni ng Mt-si-a s n trong

    tng lai, nhng l ni nhng li ha ca c Cha Tri rng ng s c mt a con v dng di (xem Sng-th K 12:2; 15:2-5; 17:4-8; 18:14). p-ra-ham p ng vi li ha ny bng cch tin cy ni c Cha Tri. ng vn c nhng nghi vn v tr ngi v li ha ny, phi ch i mi ba nm hon thnh. c tin ca ng khng trn vn, tuy vy vn c c Cha

    Tri chp nhn. c Cha Tri sn sng ng cng vi con ngi sa ng p ng vi Ngi v nhng li ha ca Ngi bi c tin, ngay c khi c tin ch bng ht ci (xem Ma-thi- 17:20).

    D. Cch s dng trong Tn c Ch tin pht xut t ch Hy lp (pisteu) c dch l tin, c tin hay l tin cy. V d, dng danh t khng xut hin trong Phc m Ging, nhng dng ng t li c thng s dng. Trong Ging 2:23-25 c s m h v tnh chn tht ca m ng xc nhn Gi-xu ngi Na-xa-rt l ng Mt-si-a. Nhng v d khc v cch s dng ch tin hi ht l Ging 8:31-59 v Cng-v 8:13,18-24. c tin chn tht theo nh Kinh Thnh th nhiu hn ch l p ng ban u. N cn phi c tip tc bng mt qu trnh mn ha sau (xem Ma-thi- 13:20-22,31-32).

    E. Cch s dng nh l GII T (PREPOSITIONS) 1. eis c ngha l vo trong. Cu trc c o ny nhn mnh nhng tn hu t s tin cy/c tin

    trong c Cha Gi-xu a. vo trong danh Ngi (Ging 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; I Ging 5:13) b. vo trong Ngi (Ging 2:11; 3:15,18; 4:39; 6:40; 7:5,31,39,48; 8:30; 9:36; 10:42; 11:45,48;

    17:37,42; Ma-thi- 18:6; Cng-v 10:43; Phi-lp 1:29; I Phi-e-r 1:8) c. vo trong Ta (Ging 6:35; 7:38; 11:25,26; 12:44,46; 14:1,12; 16:9; 17:20) d. vo trong c Cha Con (Ging 3:36; 9:35; I Ging 5:10) e. vo trong c Cha Gi-xu (Ging 12:11; Cng-v 19:4; Ga-la-ti 2:16) f. vo trong S sng (Ging 12:36) g. vo trong c Cha Tri (Ging 14:1)

    2. en c ngha l trong ging nh ti Ging 3:15; Mc 1:15; Cng-v 5:14 3. epi c ngha l trong hay l trn, ging nh ti Ma-thi- 27:42; Cng-v 9:42; 11:17; 16:31;

    22:19; R-ma 4:5,24; 9:33; 10:11; I Ti-m-th 1:16; I Phi-e-r 2:6 4. dng TNG CCH khng c GII T (DATIVE CASE with no PREPOSITION) ging nh

    trong Ga-la-ti 3:6; Cng-v 18:8; 27:25; I Ging 3:23; 5:10 5. hoti, c ngha l tin rng, cho bit iu tin cy.

    a. c Cha Gi-xu l ng Thnh ca c Cha Tri (Ging 6:69) b. c Cha Gi-xu l Ta L (Ging 8:24) c. c Cha Gi-xu trong c Cha Cha v c Cha Cha trong Ngi (Ging 10:38) d. c Cha Gi-xu l ng Mt-si-a (Ging 11:27; 20:31) e. c Cha Gi-xu Con ca c Cha Tri (Ging 11:27; 20:31) f. c Cha Gi-xu c c Cha Cha sai n (Ging 11:42; 17:8,21) g. c Cha Gi-xu l mt vi c Cha Cha (Ging 14:10-11)

  • h. c Cha Gi-xu n t c Cha Cha (Ging 16:27,30) i. c Cha Gi-xu xc nhn chnh Ngi trong danh hiu giao c ca c Cha Cha, Ta L

    (Ging 8:24; 13:19) j. Chng ta s sng vi Ngi (R-ma 6:8) k. c Cha Gi-su cht v sng li (I Th-sa-l-nica 4:14)

    CH C BIT: NHN CHNG V CHA GI-SU

    Danh t nhn chng (marturia) v ng t lm chng (marture) l nhng t vng chnh trong Phc m Ging. C nhiu nhn chng v Cha Gi-su. 1. Ging Bp-tt (xem. Ging1:7,8,15; 3:26,28; 5:33) 2. Bn thn Cha Gi-su (xem. Ging 3:11; 5:31; 8:13-14) 3. Ngi n b Sa-ma-ri (xem. Ging 4:39) 4. c Cha Cha (xem. Ging 5:32,34,37; 8:18; I Ging 5:9) 5. Kinh thnh (xem. Ging 5:39) 6. m ng chng kin L-xa-r sng li (xem. Ging 12:17) 7. Thnh Linh (xem. Ging 15:26-27; I Ging 5:10,11) 8. Cc mn (xem. Ging 15:27; 19:35; I Ging 1:2; 4:14) 9. Tc gi (xem. Ging 21:24)

    1:8 C th s Ging, vit Phc m mun hn cc Phc m ng Quan, pht hin nhng mn ca Ging Bp-tt vn cha c nghe truyn ging v tip nhn Cha Gi-su (xem Cng v 18:25-19:7).

    1:9 nh sng tht Tnh t tht c ngha chnh gc, hoc thc cht, khng ch n thun l s i nghch vi gi to. y c th lin h ti cc cu cha gi trong th k th nht. Tnh t tht c dng n nhiu trong vn t ca Ging (xem. 4:23,37; 6:32; 7:28; 15:1; 17:3; 19:35 and I Ging 2:8; 5:20 v 10 ln trong Khi huyn) Hy xem ch c bit: s tht trong Ging 6:55 v th gian trong 14:17. Cha Gi-su l nh sng ca th gian (xem. 3:19; 8:12; 9:5; 12:46; I Ging 1:5,7; 2:8,9,10). C-c nhn phi phn chiu nh sng ca Ngi (xem. Phi-lip. 2:15). y l s tng phn vi bng ti tht, kt qu ca s ni lon ca:

    1. Loi ngi 2. Thin s

    n th gian Ging thng dng cu ny ni v s gi t thin ng ci thuc linh bc vo ci thuc th trong khng gian v thi gian, (xem. 6:14; 9:39; 11:27; 12:46; 16:28). Dng nh cu ny nhc n s nhp th ca Cha Gi-su. y cng l hnh thc nh nguyn (cc khi nim tng phn, i nghch) thng thy trong vn t ca Ging ( v d trn v di)

    NASB gio hun mi ngi - enlightens every man - NKJV -ban nh sng cho mi ngi - gives light to every man NRSV - gio hun mi ngi - enlightens everyone TEV - chiu sng trn mi ngi - Shine on all people NJB -ban nh sng cho mi ngi - Gives light to everyone

    NASB (Hiu nh RRV2011) Ging : 1:9-13 9y l nh sng tht n th gian soi sng mi ngi. 10Ngi Li trong th gian v th gian c to dng bi Ngi, nhng th gian khng nhn bit Ngi. 11Ngi n trong t nc Ngi m dn Ngi khng tip nhn Ngi. 12Nhng bt c ai tip nhn Ngi, tc l tin danh Ngi, th Ngi ban cho h quyn tr nn con ca c Cha Tri, 13l nhng ngi c sinh ra khng phi bi kh huyt, hoc bi c mun xc tht, hoc bi ngi, nhng bi c Cha Tri.

  • Cu ny c hiu theo hai : Th nht da theo nn vn ho Hy-lp ni v nh sng ni tm c mc khi trong tng ngi,

    ging mt tia chp thn linh. y l cch gii kinh ca Quakers. Tuy nhin khi nim ny khng xut hin trong Phc m Ging. i vi Ging, nh sng phi by tm c ca con ngi (xem. 3:19-21).

    Th hai, nh sng khng gi mc khi t nhin (tc nhn bit c Cha Tri qua thin nhin) [xem. Thi-thin. 19:1-5; R-ma. 1:19-20] hay thc o c lng tm [xem. R-ma. 2:14-15]), nhng gi gio hun ca c Cha Tri v s cu ri qua nh Sng Chn Thc duy nht l Cha Gi-su. 1:10 Th gian Ging s dng t kosmos trong ba cch khc bit:.

    1. Th gian thuc th (1:10,11; 11:9; 16:21; 17:5,24; 21:25) 2. C nhn loi (1:10,29; 3:16,17; 4:42; 6:33; 12:19,46-47; 18:20) 3. X hi bng hoi ca loi ngi, c t chc v hot ng ngoi nh hng ca c Cha Tri

    (7:7; 15:18-19; I Ging 2:15; 3:1,13) Trong vn mnh ca Phc m, Th gian = c nhn loi thch hp hn. Hy xem ch c bit

    cu 14:17.

    th gian khng nhn bit Ngi" C dn ngoi v dn tuyn Do-thi u khng nhn bit Cha Gi-su l ng Cu Sinh M-si-a. ng t bit phn nh mt thnh ng H-b-r v mi lin h mt thit hn l v tn thnh s vic trong tr tu (xem. Sng th k 4:1; Gi-r-mi 1:5). CH C BIT: Bit (cc v d minh ha sau hu ht n t Phc Truyn) ng t bit (Yada, trong ting h-b-r, BDB 393) c vi nghs (semantic fields Qal).

    1. Hiu bit v s tt v s xu Sng. 3:22; Phc. 1:39; Isa. 7:14-15; Gina 4:11 2. Bit qua thc hin Phc. 9:2,3,6; 18:21 3. Bit qua kinh nghim, tng tri Phc. 3:19; 4:35; 8:2,3,5; 11:2; 20:20; 31:13; Josh. 23:14 4. Cn nhc Phc-truyn. 4:39; 11:2; 29:16 5. Bit c nhn

    a. Mt nhn vt Gen. 29:5; Exod. 1:8; Phc-truyn. 22:2; 33:9 b. V thn Phc-truyn. 11:28; 13:2,6,13; 28:64; 29:26; 32:17 c. Gi-h-va YHWH Phc-truyn. 4:35,39; 7:9; 29:6; Isa. 1:3; 56:10-11 d. Mt i tc tnh dc Gen. 4:1,17,25; 24:16; 38:26

    6. Bit mt k nng, hoc tri thc Isa. 29:11,12; Amos 5:16 7. Tnh khn ngoan Phc-truyn. 29:4; Pro. 1:2; 4:1; Isa. 29:24 8. Kin thc ca c Cha Tri v

    a. M-s Phc-truyn. 34:10 b. I-s-ra-en Phc-truyn. 31:21,27,29

    1:11 Ngi n trong t nc (ca) Ngi m dn (ca) Ngi khng tip nhn Ngi. T ca Ngi c s dng hai ln cu. 11. Ln th nht trong ng php ging trung ni v (1) to ha, (2) a danh x Giu-a v Gi-ru-sa-lem. Ln th hai trong ng php ging c s nhiu, ni v dn Do-thi. 1:12 Nhng bt c ai tip nhn Ngi y l phn hnh ng thuc v loi ngi trong s cu ri (xem. cu. 16). Loi ngi phi hng ng n in m c Cha Tri ban cho trong ng Christ (xem. 3:16; R-ma. 3:24; 4:4-5; 6:23; 10:9-13; -ph-s. 2:8-9). c Cha Tri c ch quyn tuyt i, nhng trong ch quyn Ngi gi mt giao c c iu kin vi nhn loi. Nhn loi bng hoi phi n nn, tin, vng phc v bn trong c tin

    V thn hc, khi nim tip nhn tng ng vi xng nhn nim tin Gi-su l ng Christ ni cng cng. (xem. Mat-thi- 10:32; Lu-ca 12:8; Ging 9:22; 12:42; I Ti-m-th 6:12; I Ging 2:23; 4:15). S cu ri l mn qu phi c cng nhn v tip nhn.

    Nhng ai tip nhn Cha Gi-su (1:12) tip nhn Cha, l ng sai Ngi (xem. 13:20; Ma-thi 10:40). S cu ri l mi lin h c nhn i vi Ba Ngi c Cha Tri!

  • Ngi ban cho h quyn T Hy-lp (exousia) c nghi (1) thm quyn php nhn hoc (2) quyn li (xem. 5:27; 17:2;19:10,11). Qua a v Con c Sanh v s mng ca Cha Gi-su, nhn loi bng hoi nay c th bit c Cha Tri v tip nhn Ngi l Cha.

    tr nn con ca c Cha Tri Cc tc gi Tn c lun s dng hnh nh ny m t C-c gio (1) Cha; (2) c Cha Con; (3) con; (4) ti sinh v (5) xng nhn con nui. C-c gio tng t nh mt gia nh, khng nh mt sn phm (v i Thin ng, bo him ho hon). Tn tr nn ngi ca c Cha Tri. L con ci, nh c Cha Con chng ta phi phn nh tnh cch c th ca Ngi (xem. cu. 14; 3:16 -ph-s. 5:1; I Ging 2:29; 3:3). Con ca c Cha Tri qu thc l mt danh hiu sng st i vi ti nhn. (xem.11:52; R-ma. 8:14,16,21; 9:8; Phi-lip. 2:15; I Ging 3:1,2,10; 5:2; -s. 1:10 trch trong R-ma. 9:26; and II Cr. 6:18).

    Mt iu th v na l c hai t con trong ting Hy-lp: t th nht lun m ch Cha Gi-su (huios), cn t th hai lun m ch tn (teknon,tekna). C-c nhn l con c Cha Tri, nhng khng cng hng vi c Cha Gi-su - Con c Sanh ca c Cha Tri. Mi lin h ca Ngi vi Cha tht c bit, cn ca chng ta th tng t.

    Danh t hi thnh (ekklsia) khng xut hin trong Mc, Lu-ca, or Ging. Cc phc m u s dng hnh nh gia nh minh ha mt c nhn v tp th tm linh . Nhng ai tip nhn y l th trng t ch ng hin ti (present active participle) c ngha l nhng ai tip tc tin nhn Nn tng ng php ca trng t ny thit lp tnh n nh v th trong ting H-b-r. N c dng minh ha mt ai trung tn, ng tin cy. T ting Hy-lp c dch ra l c tin, tin v tin cy . Nim tin, s tin cy theo Kinh thnh khng phi ci g chng ta lm, nhng l i tng chng ta t nim tin. y khng phi chng ta, nhng c Cha Tri l tiu im. Nhn loi bng hoi tin cy vo tnh ng tin cy, t nim tin vo s thnh tn ca c Cha Tri v Con Yu du ca Ngi. Tiu im khng phi l s di do hay cng ca nim tin trong con ngi, nhng l i Tng Tm Linh ca nim tin y. Xem Ch c bit trong cu 1:7 v 2:23.

    trong Danh Ngi Trong Cu c, danh ca mt c nhn rt quan trng. N l tin tri v hy vng, s m t nhn tnh hoc tim nng v c nhn . Tin vo danh ca mt c nhn c ngha l tin nhn ngi .(xem. 2:23; 3:18; 20:31; I Ging 5:13). Xem Ch c bit Danh ca Cha trong cu 14:13-14. 1:13 l nhng ngi c sinh ra khng phi bi kh huyt, hoc bi c mun xc tht, hoc bi ngi, nhng bi c Cha Tri. NASB, NKJV, NRSV ngi c sinh ra khng phi bi kh huyt, hoc bi c mun xc tht, hoc bi ngi (who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man) TEV H khng tr nn con c Cha Tri bng phng tin t nhin, c ngha sinh ra v thnh con qua mt ngi cha thuc th (they did not become Godss children by native means, that is, by being born and the children of a human father NJB Nhng ngi sinh ra khng t ngun gc nhn loi hay dc vng xc tht, mun con ngi (who was born not out of human stock or urge of the flesh or will of man

    Mt s gim mc hi thnh s khi (v d., Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, Ambrose, Jerme, Augustine) cho rng cu ny m ch Cha Gi-su (Ngi s t, singular). Nhng hu ht vn bn ting Hy-lp s dng ngi s nhiu, c ngha m ch cc tn ca Cha Gi-su. (th s nhiu ca t ny ch thy c y, theo xp hng ca Hip hi Kinh thnh (xem. 3:5; I Phi--r. 1:3,23). Bi vy n khng lin h g ti s u vit chng tc hay ging h, nhng lin h ti s la chn ca Cha Cha i vi nhng ai tin cy Con Ngi (xem. 6:44,65). Cu 12 and 13 trng by s qun bnh theo giao c: gia ch quyn ti cao ca c Cha Tri v s hng ng cn thit ca nhn loi

  • ng t trong ting Hy-lp (th qu kh (aorist - xy ra, passive indicative) c t phn cui

    ca cu vi mc ch nhn mnh s khi xng v ch quyn ca c Cha Tri trong s ti sinh (v d Nhng bi c Cha Tri, trong phn cui ca cu, tng t xem. 6:44,65).

    1:14 Ngi Li tr nn xc th Ging tn cng Tri Hu Gio sai trt tm cch kt hp C-c gio vi trit hc Hy-lp. Cha Gi-su trn vn l con ngi v trn vn l c Cha Tri (xem. I Ging 4:1-3), ng nghim li ha I-ma-nu-en (xem -sai 7:14). c Cha Tri trn th gian vi t cch mt con ngi trong vng phm nhn ti li (chnh xc hn, Ngi dng lu tri). T ng xc th trong Ging khng bao gi mang tnh xc tht ti li nh trong th tn Phao-l. CH C BIT: XC THT (Sarx)

    y ni v s khn ngoan ca con ngi, theo tiu chun th gian (xem I C-rin-t 1:20, 2:6,8, 3:18) Phao-l s dng t ny trong vi ngha:

    1. C th con ngi (xem. R-ma. 2:28; I C-rin-t. 5:5; 7:28) 2. Con chu (v d., Cha-con, xem. R-ma. 1:3; 4:1; I C-rin-t.10:18) 3. Loi ngi (xem. I C-rin-t. 1:26,29) 4. S yu ui con ngi bi s phm ti ca t tin, Sng th 3 (xem. R-ma. 6:19; 7:18)

    sng gia chng ta Ngha en l c tr . vi bi cnh ngi Do-thi xut hnh trong ng vng v Lu Tm (xem. Khi Huyn. 7:15; 21:3). Ngi Do-thi gi giai on ny l tun trng mt gia h v Gi-h-va. c Cha Tri khng bao gi c cm thy gn gi h hn nh trong giai on ny. H gi m my a ng l Shekinah, theo ting H-b-r l sng chung vi. chng ta chim ngng vinh quang Ngi Ch kabod (vinh quang) trong Cu c nay c nhn cch ha hay nhp th. N m ch (1) mt s s vic trong cuc i Cha Gi-su nh ha hnh hoc thng thin (v d., li chng ca cc s , xem.