phu gia nhua
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Transcript of phu gia nhua
PH GIA POLYMER (Nha nhit do)
NI DUNG:1. KHI QUT CHUNG V PH GIA
POLYMER 2. CHUN B PH GIA 3. S DNG PH GIA
1. KHI QUT CHUNG V PH GIA POLYMER.
CC THNH PHN C TRONG HN HP NHA (NHIT DO) ? TI SAO PHI S DNG PH GIA? PHN LOI PH GIA. PH GIA TRONG QUY TRNH S DNG SN PHM NHA. LU KHI S DNG PH GIA. HNH THC PHN B CA PH GIA TRONG HN [email protected]
CC THNH PHN C TRONG HN HP NHA (NHIT DO) ?
NHA (HAY HN HP CC NHA) CC TR CHT CC PH GIA (TNG TNH CHT C L HA) N GIA CNG CC CHT TR GIA CNG,
CC PH CHT N (TR) MU,[email protected]
TI SAO PHI S DNG PH GIA?PH GIA Duy tr tnh cht ca nha. Tng tnh nng C L Ha. Tng kh nng gia cng.
To thun li trong gia cng. Lm tng c tnh s dng ca sn phm.
p ng cc nhu cu khc nhau Phi s dng cc PH GIA khc nhau.
KHNG C PH GIA TH S PHT TRIN CA NGNH NHA COI NH KHNG C (?)[email protected]
PHN LOI PH GIA Cc ph gia bo v: Cht phng lo, cht n nh. Cht khng tia cc tm, cht n nh quang hc, Cc ph gia h tr gia cng. Cht tr gia cng. Cht tr ti sinh nha, Cc ph gia to tc ng c bit. Cht chng chy. Cht to tr mu (ti, sng, bn,). Cht hp th Oxy. Cht chng khun. Cht lc tia cc tm, Cc cht tng tnh cht b mt. Tc nhn chng nhim tnh in. Tc nhn chng ng sng. Tc nhn chng trt,[email protected]
PH GIA TRONG QUY TRNH S DNG SN PHM NHAPhi liu Tng hp nha To ht SN XUT S DNG Ti sinh
Monomer
Ha cht gia cng
Cht n nh (lu tr).
Cht phng lo
Cht tr gia cngH n [email protected]
Cht phng lo Cht n nh quang
Cht tr ti sinh
.
LU KHI S DNG PH GIA S dng ph gia: To ra cc gi tr gia tng v tnh cht. Nhng: i hi phi c ch gia cng ph hp. Lm gia tng v chi ph.
LM SAO S DNG PH GIA CHO HIU [email protected]
2. CHUN B PH GIA.TRNG THI CA CC PH GIA. HNH THC PHN B MONG I CA TH HT TRONG HN HP. HNH THC PHN B CA TH LNG TRONG NN NHA TI SAO PHI CHUN B HN HP PH GIA? QUY TRNH CHUN B HN HP PH GIA. CC DNG HN HP PH GIA. CC THIT B S DNG CHUN B PH [email protected]
TRNG THI CA CC PH GIA.1. 2.
Th lng Th rnCc ph gia c kh nng ha tan trong nn nha ( iu kin gia cng). Cc ph gia khng ha tan trong nn nha ( iu kin gia cng): Thng dng ht rn kch thc nh (bt). Chng c 3 hnh thi.
Th dn hnh: Cc ht nm ri rc. Th tp hp: Mt vi hi lin kt cht to cc ht c kch thc ln. Th c kt: c to t nhiu th tp hp kt hp li.
Th n hnh
Th tp hp [email protected]
Th c kt
HNH THC PHN B MONG I CA TH HT TRONG HN HP.
ng nht
Khng ng nhtTh Hon ho (Tinh)[email protected]
HNH THC PHN B CA TH LNG TRONG NN NHA.
PHN B NG LIN TC
PHN B RI [email protected]
TI SAO PHI CHUN B HN HP PH GIA?
Ph gia thng s dng lng rt nh (so vi hn hp). Cc ht (rn) thng cc th tp hp hay th c kt rt kh ph v.Nng lng cao Phn hy nha -Nu trn trc tip i hi nng lng ln. -i hi cc thit b khuy c cng sut cao.
Cn phi c bc trn ring ban u qu trnh phn tn c thun li [email protected]
QUY TRNH CHUN B HN HP PH GIA.Ph gia
Loi b tp chtPhn ring
Ph gia
Ph th tp hp To vin Ph gia Ph gia tan Ph gia Ph gia khng tan To th tin phn tn Masterbath To th dn To vin
Trn khuyt tn
Trn phn tn [email protected]
Ph gia
CC DNG HN HP PH GIA.
CC THIT B S DNG CHUN B PH GIA. GM 3 NHM THIT B1. My gim kch thc ht My nghin ba, nghin bi. My say My cn trc,
2.
My phn ring My ry, sng.
Kh ng,
3.
My phn tn ht My cn My nghin bi
My trn hMy trn kn My n (mt hay nhiu trc),[email protected]
4.
My to ht.
3. S DNG PH GIA1.2. 3. 4.
Cht phng lo v cht n nh. Cht khng UV (khng tia cc tm) & Cht n nh quang. Cht chng nhim tnh in. Cht tng trng.
3.1 Cht phng lo v cht n nh.
1.2. 3.
4.5. 6.
Qu trnh lo ha xy ra khi no? c im ca qu trnh lo ha? Cc biu hin ca qu trnh lo ha. Cc bin php chng lo ha. C ch ca qu trnh chng lo ha. Cht phng lo v cht n nh.
Qu trnh lo ha xy ra khi no?POLYMER + [OXY] Qu trnh oxy ha.Qu trnh oxy ha xy ra mnh khi: Tip xc vi nng lng C nng TRONG GIA CNG Nhit nng TRONG S DNG Quang nng Tn ti cc tp cht cha ION kim loi a ha tr (v d: Cu, Fe, Co,) T cc xc tc c kim Mch phn t cha cc im yu. Khi tn ti cc gc t do bn trong
c im ca qu trnh lo ha?
Hot ng theo c ch gc. L phn ng dy chuyn.
RH (polymer) Nng lngChuyn mch R*
O2RO* + HO* ROO*
Nng lng
R* + ROOH
R-H (polymer)
Cc biu hin ca qu trnh lo ha.1.
Ngoi quan
Sn phm b mt mu. B rn nt. To vy, phn. Mt trong. Mt bng, Cng lc ko t gim. gin t gim. bn un gim. bn va p gim. cng thay i,
2.
Tnh cht c l
Tnh cht ha v ha l thay i. Suy gim tnh cht ca sn [email protected]
Cc bin php chng lo ha. ngn chn qu trnh oxy ha xy ra ngi ta thc hin theo cc hng: To s nh hng vt l (Sn phm c cu trc cng nh hng th gim qu trnh lo ha). Bin tnh ha hc (gn cc nhm c kh nng phng lo vo mch). S dng cc cht phng lo.
C ch ca qu trnh chng lo haRH (polymer) Nng lng
R*O2 Chuyn mch RO* + HO* R* + ROOH CHT PHNG LO TH CPROOH + K ROH + KO RO* + K R + [KO][email protected]
ROO* R-H CHT PHNG LO S CP2 ROO* + AH ROOH + ROOA 2R* + A RAR
Cht phng lo v cht n nh.1.
Phn loi:
Phng lo s cp & Th cp Phng lo & Cht n nhChng oxy ha trong s dng v lu tr Chng oxy ha trong gia cng
2.
Cc nhm ph dng:Alkylphenol Hydroxybenzyl Aromatic amine (II) Aminophenol Phosphite Hindered phenol , Hydroxyphenylpropionate Alkylidene bisphenol Thiobisphenol Thioether Phosphonite
3.2 Cht khng UV v cht n nh quang.
1.2. 3. 4. 5.
Qu trnh phn hy quang hc. c im v biu hin ca qu trnh phn hy quang hc. Cc bin php chng tc ng ca nh sng. C ch hot ng ca cc cht n nh quang. S dng cc cht n nh quang hc.
Qu trnh phn hy quang hc.1.
nh sng = Nng lng.
2.
Polymer b tc dng bi nh sng:
Tng nhit . Lm kch hot cc lin kt yu, chuyn chng thnh trng thi d phn ng, v phn tch. Kch hot cc thnh phn ion kim loi trong hn hp nha
Di tc dng lin tc ca nh sng:Gy mch cc polymer, hnh thnh gc t go hot ng. Hnh thnh phn ng trn mch polymer, c bit l phn ng oxy [email protected]
c im v biu hin ca qu trnh phn hy quang hc.nh sng T phn hy
Polymer
[Polymer]*
Tng tc cht lTng tc ln nhau
Cht mi
Chuyn mch
R*
O2RO* + HO*KL (II/III)
ROO*
nh sng
R* + ROOH
R-H
Qu trnh oxy ha [email protected]
Biu hin ca qu trnh phn hy quang hc rt . ging qu trnh oxy ha (v xu hng to phn ng oxy ha l chnh.
Cc bin php chng tc ng ca nh sng.1. 2.
3.
Ngn chn qu trnh hp th nng lng t nh sng. Gim s khi mu hnh thnh cc th hot ng trong polymer. Ngn chn tin trnh pht trin ca cc phn ng phn hy quang hc.
C ch hot ng ca cc cht n nh quang.1. Cht hp th quang nng - UVA Hp thu ton b quang nng v phn tn di dng nhit. (Khng thch hp cho cc loi mng mng) 2. Cht dp tt mm hot ng - Q Tng tc vi mm hot ng, do quang nng hnh thnh, chuyn chng thnh trng thi ban u ng thi gii phng mt lng nhit nng. 3. Cht dp tt hot ng ca hydroperoxide Me* Dng cc phc h ca kim hot v hiu ha cc hydroperoxide va hnh thnh. 4. Cc cht hp th gc t do P Tng tc vi cc gc t do v hnh thnh cc th khng hot [email protected]
S DNG CC CHT N NH QUANG HCUVA Q T phn hy
Polymer
[Polymer]* PR*
Tng tc cht lTng tc ln nhau
Cht mi
P P RO* + HO*
O2
UVA - Hydroxybenzophenol - Hydroxyphenyl ROO* benzotriazole Q P . Me* - Hp cht Nikel - Phc ca Nikel
R* + ROOH Me*
P
- Hindered Amine - Phosphite, sulfur
3.3 Cht chng nhim tnh in.
1. 2.
3.
B mt nhim tnh in tc ng g? C cc loi cht chng tnh in no? Nguyn l hot ng?
B mt nhim tnh in tc ng g?
B mt nhim tnh in c th tc ng xu n: Qu trnh sn xut. Qu trnh gia cng. S dng ca sn phm cui. Ngoi quan ca sn phm.
C cc loi cht chng tnh in no?1.
Phn loi:Hot ng ngoi: S dng trc tip ln b mt sn phm S dng trong thi gian ngn (b tri). nh hng n qu trnh in n v hn dn. Hot ng ni: Phi hp trong cng thc hn hp nha. Tc dng sau khi di hnh ra bn ngoi b mt (kp cho qu trnh in v hn dn). Tc dng trong thi gian di.
2.
Cc nhm chnh:
Glycerol Esters Ethoxylated Amine Alcohol Amide Alkyl [email protected]
Nguyn l hot ng ca cht chng nhim tnh in.Phn t nc
B mt sn phmPhn t cht chng tnh in Hiu qu chng nhim tnh in ch th hin khi: Cc phn t ph gia di hnh ra b mt sn phm. Cc phn t ph gia hp th cc phn t nc (t hi m)[email protected]
3.4 Cht tng trng.Ti sao phi s dng cht tng trng? Cch tng trng? Nguyn l hot ng ca cht tng trng.
1. 2. 3.
Ti sao phi s dng cht tng trng?Khi sn xut cc sn phm nha c mu trng thng kh t c trng nh mong mun, v: Cc thnh phn cht trong hn hp c mu ban u khc nhau. (?) Qu trnh gia cng thng to ra cc cht l. (?) Vt liu nha thng c khuynh hng hp th vng nh sng cn mu xanh nhiu hn, gy ra hin tng lch ph nh sng phn x, lm cho sn phm c mu ng vng. Lu : t c mu trng b mt ca sn phm phi phn x li hon ton cc nh mu khc [email protected]
Cch tng trng?Ngi ta thng s dng cc cch ph bin:1.2.
Tng kh nng phn x nh sng.B p vng mu khuyt (thng l vng cn mu xanh). Ty mu (nhng kh c th ty ht cc sc mu vng, v mt ngi rt d cm nhn chng, d l mt vt rt nh)[email protected]
3.
Nguyn l hot ng ca cht tng trng.
3.5 Cht kh hot tnh Ion kim loi1. Tc ng ca cc Ion kim loi.Cc Ion kim loi c trong hn hp nha thng do: Cc cht xc tc cn li sau qu trnh trng hp. T thit b gia cng. Do cc cu phn ca sn phm (v d: dy cp in). Tc ng ca cc ion kim loi: Thng to ra cc mui v phc To cc mu l. To ra cc hiu ng che mu (gy phai v mt mu). Cc ion ca kim loi a ha tr (Cu, Fe, Co,..), lm tng kh nng phn hy mch polymer Men+ + ROOH ROO* + Me(n-1)+ + H+ ROOH + Me(n-1)+ RO* + Men+ + OH
2. Cch kh hot tnh ca Ion kim loi.S dng cc ha cht phn ng vi cc ion, to ra cc loi phc cht khng [email protected]
3.6 Cht tr gia cng.1. Ti sao phi s dng cht tr gia cng?Khi s dng cht tr gia cng: Thun li trong gia cng, chng lm gim nht ca hn hp khi trn hp. Trnh hin tng kt dnh gia vt liu v thit b. Gim ma st gia vt liu - vt liu, vt liu - thit b (Trnh vic hnh thnh nhit ni ma st).
Trnh hin tng mt mu. Gim hin tng t mch phn t (do nhit).
Cn to ra cc hiu qu thun li khc.
Tng bng b mt. Tng kh nng chu mi trng ca b mt. Gim s tc ng ca ha cht ln b mt thit b. Gim nng lng tiu tn cho gia [email protected]
2. S dng cht tr gia cng.Cht tr gia cng ni (cht bi trn ni).1.
Phn loi:
Phi hp trong hn hp.
Cht bi trn ngoi (Cht cch ly ). Ph ln b mt tip xc gia sn phm v thit b.2.
c im s dng:
S dng nhit cao hn nhit chy. S dng hm lng thp (khng ha tan trong hn hp). S dng c trng cho tng b mt. Gim kh nng in n v hn dn. Cch ly dng chy nha. To khuyt tt trn b mt.
3.
Lu :Khi s dng cht tr gia cng c th
4.
C ch: Cht tr gia cng ni di hnh ra b mt (khi trng thi lng), v hnh thnh lp ngn cnh gia sn phm v [email protected]
3. C ch cht bi trn.
Cht cch ly
Cht bi trn ni
3.7 Cht chng dnh.1. Tc dng
Chng dnh gia cc phn ca sn phm (sn phm mng v si). Gim ma st gia sn phm v thit b.
2. C ch
3. Lu
C kh nng nh hng n hn dn, in n sn phm.
3.8 Cht ha do.1. 2.
3.
Mc ch s dng cht ha do. Tc ng ca cht ha do. C ch hot ng ca cht ha do.
