PHP and MySQL Project on Car Rental System Project Report

7/21/2019 PHP and MySQL Project on Car Rental System Project Report

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\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc

\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =

Zkton fa t`n \rfgnit 7

Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc

Kdtrfjuitkfd mdj fbgnitkvn fa t`n prfgnit7

=. \rfgnit Jnsirkptkfd

Z`ks prfgnit ks jnskednj sf ms tf bn usnj by Imr Rndtmo Ifcpmdy spnikmokzkde kd rndtkde imrs tf

iustfcnrs. Kt ks md fdokdn systnc t`rfue` w`ki` iustfcnrs imd vknw mvmkombon imrs, rnekstnr, vknw prfakon

mdj bffh imr. Z`n mjvmdincndt kd Kdafrcmtkfd Zni`dfofey mdj kdtnrdnt pndntrmtkfd `ms ernmtoy

nd`mdinj vmrkfus buskdnss prfinssns mdj ifccudkimtkfd bntwnnd ifcpmdkns (snrvkins prfvkjnr) mdj

t`nkr iustfcnrs fa w`ki` imr rndtmo kdjustry ks dft onat fut.

Z`ks Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc ks jnvnofpnj tf prfvkjn t`n afoofwkde snrvkins7

Nd`mdin Buskdnss \rfinssns7 Zf bn mbon tf usn kdtnrdnt tni`dfofey tf prfgnit t`n rndtmo

ifcpmdy tf t`n eofbmo wfroj kdstnmj fa okcktkde t`nkr snrvkins tf t`nkr ofimo jfcmkd mofdn, t`us

kdirnmsn t`nkr rnturd fd kdvnstcndt (RFK).

Fdokdn Qn`kion Rnsnrvmtkfd7 M tffos t`rfue` w`ki` iustfcnrs imd rnsnrvn mvmkombon imrs fdokdn

prkfr tf t`nkr nxpnitnj pkih-up jmtn fr tkcn.

Iustfcnr‛s rnekstrmtkfd7 M rnekstrmtkfd pfrtmo tf `foj iustfcnr‛s jntmkos, cfdktfr t`nkr

trmdsmitkfd mdj usnj smcn tf faanr bnttnr mdj kcprfvn snrvkins tf t`nc.

Erfup bffhkdes7 Moofws t`n iustfcnr tf bffh spmin afr m erfup kd t`n imsn fa wnjjkdes fr

ifrpfrmtn cnntkdes (Nvndt cmdmencndt).

Z`n ifdtndt cmdmencndt systnc (ICY) afr cmdmekde t`n ifdtndt fa t`n imrs

Z`n jmtm sniurkty systnc

Rnpfrtkde fa t`n imrs, bffhkde nti




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2

Mbstrmit fa t`n prfgnit7

Z`n Imr Rndtmo Yystnc ks bnkde jnvnofpnj afr iustfcnrs sf t`mt t`ny imd bffh t`nkr vn`kions

arfc mdy pmrt fa t`n wfroj. Z`ks mppokimtkfd tmhns kdafrcmtkfd arfc t`n iustfcnrs t`rfue` akookde

t`nkr jntmkos. M iustfcnr bnkde rnekstnrnj kd t`n wnbsktn `ms t`n amikokty tf bffh m vn`kion w`ki` `n

rnqukrns.

Z`n prfpfsnj systnc ks ifcpontnoy kdtnermtnj fdokdn systncs. Kt mutfcmtns cmdumo

prfinjurn kd md naanitkvn mdj naakikndt wmy. Z`ks mutfcmtnj systnc amikoktmtns iustfcnr mdj

prfvkjns tf akoo up t`n jntmkos miifrjkde tf t`nkr rnqukrncndts. Kt kdioujns typn fa vn`kion t`ny mrn

trykde tf `krn mdj ofimtkfd. Z`n purpfsn fa t`ks systnc ks tf jnvnofp m wnb sktn afr t`n pnfpon w`f

imd bffh t`nkr vn`kions mofde wkt` rnqukrncndts arfc mdy pmrt fa t`n wfroj.

Kd t`ks Imr Rndtmo Yystnc, t`nrn mrn Z`rnn \`msns, t`ny mrn7

Z`n akrst p`msn kdvfovns t`n erfupkde fa imr rndtmo ofimtkfds kdtf pffos, moofwkde imr rndtmo

ofimtkfds wkt`kd m pffo tf s`mrn m aonnt fa vn`kions.

Kd t`n snifdj p`msn, t`n typns mdj qumdtktkns fa vn`kions tf bn miqukrnj mdj rnturdnj tf t`n imr

cmduamiturnr mdj t`n enfermp`kimo rnjkstrkbutkfd fa vn`kions mcfde pffos fvnr t`n ofde-tnrc

pomddkde `frkzfd mrn jnakdnj afr nmi` pffo.

Z`n akdmo p`msn kdvfovns t`n jmkoy fpnrmtkfds kd w`ki` t`n jnpofycndt fa t`n aonnt wkt`kd nmi`

pffo mcfde kts ofimtkfds ks jnakdnj

Miifrjkde t`nsn t`rnn \`msns, t`nrn mrn t`rnn cfjuons kd t`ks systnc. Z`ny mrn7

=. Mjckd cfjuon7

Rnekstrmtkfd7

m. Ncpofynn Rnekstrmtkfd

b. ^snr Rnekstrmtkfd,

i. Qn`kions Rnekstrmtkfd,

Bffhkde Jntmko7

m. Fdokdn bffhkde

b. Cmdumo bffhkde

Bffhkde Fpnrmtkfd7





m. Bffhkde Ifdafrcmtkfd

b. Bffhkde Imdinoomtkfd

Ynmri`

2. ^snr cfjuon7

Qn`kions Imtmofes

Bffhkde

m. Fdokdn bffhkde

b. Cmdumo bffhkde

Ynmri` Imr

9. Rnpfrts

Jmkoy Rnpfrt

Unnhoy Rnpfrt

Cfdt`oy Rnpfrt

[nmroy Rnpfrt

Z`n prfpfsnj systnc amikoktmtns t`n iustfcnrs tf akoo up t`nkr jntmkos, mdj tf ekvn m brkna

jnsirkptkfd fa m vn`kion t`ny wmdt tf bffh. Z`ks dnw systnc ks vnry `nopauo afr iustfcnrs w`f wmdt

tf `krn t`nkr vn`kions t`rfue` t`ks sktn.

Auditkfdmo rnqukrncndts7 Z`n systncs `mvn t`n afoofwkde kdputs7

Akrst t`n iustfcnr `ms tf cmhn m rnsnrvmtkfd mdj omtnr fd kd t`n prfinss `ms tf jf

rnekstrmtkfd.

Ynifdj ka t`n iustfcnr `mj mornmjy rnekstnrnj `kcsnoa t`nd `n imd ifdtkdun bffhkde kd

`ks fwd miifudt by ekvkde `ks iustfcnr kj fr cmko kj.

Z`krjoy, t`n iustfcnr imd mcndj jntmkos fr upjmtn `ks jntmkos.

Z`n cmkd futputs mrn w`nt`nr t`n bffhkde ks ifdakrcnj fr dft mdj rneuomr kdafrcmtkfd‛s

snrvkins tf t`n usnrs fa t`n sktn.

Mjvmdtmens7 Z`n prfgnit imd bn nmskoy usnj kd t`n prfinss fa jnikskfd cmhkde. Jkaanrndt typns fa

rnpfrts imd bn endnrmtnj w`ki` `nop t`n cmdmencndt tf tmhn ifrrnit jnikskfd mdj rnjuin t`n tkcn

jnomy w`ki` mutfcmtkimooy kdirnmsns t`n ifcpmdy‛s wfrh stmdjmrjs ms wnoo ms t`n nifdfckimo stmtn

fa t`n ifcpmdy.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men :

\rfbonc Ytmtncndt7

M imr rndtmo ks m vn`kion t`mt imd bn usnj tncpfrmrkoy afr m ann jurkde m spnikaknj pnrkfj. Enttkde m rndtmo

imr `nops pnfpon ent mrfudj jnspktn t`n amit t`ny jf dft `mvn miinss tf t`nkr fwd pnrsfdmo vn`kion fr

jfd't fwd m vn`kion mt moo. Z`n kdjkvkjumo w`f dnnjs m imr cust ifdtmit m rndtmo imr ifcpmdy mdj

ifdtrmit fut afr m vn`kion. Z`ks systnc kdirnmsns iustfcnr rntndtkfd mdj skcpokay vn`kion mdj stmaa

cmdmencndt.

Mkcs & Fbgnitkvns

Zf prfjuin m wnb-bmsnj systnc t`mt moofw iustfcnr tf rnekstnr mdj rnsnrvn imr fdokdn mdj afr

t`n ifcpmdy tf naanitkvnoy cmdmen t`nkr imr rndtmo buskdnss.

Zf nmsn iustfcnr‛s tmsh w`ndnvnr t`ny dnnj tf rndt m imr.

Yifpn afr t`n prfgnit Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc

Z`ks prfgnit trmvnrsns m oft fa mrnms rmdekde arfc buskdnss ifdinpt tf ifcputkde aknoj, mdj rnqukrnj tf

pnrafrc snvnrmo rnsnmri`ns tf bn mbon tf mi`knvn t`n prfgnit fbgnitkvns.

Z`n mrnm ifvnrs kdioujn7

Imr rndtmo kdjustry7 Z`ks kdioujns stujy fd `fw t`n imr rndtmo buskdnss ks bnkde jfdn, prfinss

kdvfovnj mdj fppfrtudkty t`mt nxkst afr kcprfvncndt.

\@\ Zni`dfofey usnj afr t`n jnvnofpcndt fa t`n mppokimtkfd.

Endnrmo iustfcnrs ms wnoo ms t`n ifcpmdy‛s stmaa wkoo bn mbon tf usn t`n systnc naanitkvnoy.

Unb-pomtafrc cnmds t`mt t`n systnc wkoo bn mvmkombon afr miinss 2:/5 nxinpt w`nd t`nrn ks m

tncpfrmry snrvnr kssun w`ki` ks nxpnitnj tf bn ckdkcmo.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >

@fw Imr Rndtmo Ynrvkins Ufrh

M imr rndtmo ks m vn`kion t`mt imd bn usnj tncpfrmrkoy afr m pnrkfj fa tkcn wkt` m ann. Rndtkde m imr mssksts

pnfpon tf ent mrfudj nvnd w`nd t`ny jf dft `mvn miinss tf t`nkr fwd pnrsfdmo vn`kion fr jfd't fwd m

vn`kion mt moo. Z`n kdjkvkjumo w`f wmdt tf rndt m imr cust akrst ifdtmit t`n imr rndtmo ifcpmdy afr t`n

jnskrn vn`kion. Z`ks imd bn jfdn fdokdn. Mt t`ks pfkdt, t`ks pnrsfd `ms tf suppoy sfcn kdafrcmtkfd sui`

ms8 jmtns fa rndtmo, mdj typn fa imr. Matnr t`nsn jntmkos mrn wfrhnj fut, t`n kdjkvkjumo rndtkde t`n imr

cust prnsndt m vmokj Kjndtkakimtkfd Imrj.

Cfst ifcpmdkns t`rfue`fut t`n kdjustry cmhn m prfakt bmsnj fa t`n typn fa imrs t`mt mrn rndtnj. Z`n

rndtmo imrs mrn imtnefrkznj kdtf nifdfcy, ifcpmit, ifcpmit prnckuc, prnckuc mdj ouxury. Mdj

iustfcnrs mrn arnn tf i`ffsn mdy imr fa t`nkr i`fkin bmsnj fd t`nkr pursn mdj mvmkombkokty fa sui` imr mt

t`n tkcn fa rnsnrvmtkfd.

Bndnakts fa Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Ynrvkins

Z`ks fdokdn imr rndtmo sfoutkfd ks auooy auditkfdmo mdj aonxkbon.

Kt ks vnry nmsy tf usn.

Z`ks fdokdn imr rndtmo systnc `nops kd bmih faakin mjckdkstrmtkfd by strnmcokdkde mdj

stmdjmrjkzkde t`n prfinjurns.

Kt smvns m oft fa tkcn, cfdny mdj ombfur.

Nif-arkndjoy7 Z`n cfdktfrkde fa t`n vn`kion mitkvkty mdj t`n fvnrmoo buskdnss bnifcns nmsy mdj

kdioujns t`n onmst fa pmpnr wfrh.

Z`n sfatwmrn mits ms md faakin t`mt ks fpnd 2:/5.

Kt kdirnmsns t`n naakikndiy fa t`n cmdmencndt mt faanrkde qumokty snrvkins tf t`n iustfcnrs.

Kt prfvkjns iustfc anmturns jnvnofpcndt mdj suppfrt wkt` t`n sfatwmrn.





Auditkfdmo Rnqukrncndts

Rnqukrncndt mdmoysks ks m sfatwmrn ndekdnnrkde tni`dkqun t`mt ks ifcpfsnj fa t`n vmrkfus tmshs

t`mt jntnrckdn t`n dnnjs fr ifdjktkfds t`mt mrn tf bn cnt afr m dnw fr motnrnj prfjuit, tmhkde kdtf

ifdskjnrmtkfd t`n pfsskbon ifdaokitkde rnqukrncndts fa t`n vmrkfus usnrs.

Auditkfdmo rnqukrncndts mrn t`fsn rnqukrncndts t`mt mrn usnj tf kooustrmtn t`n kdtnrdmo wfrhkde

dmturn fa t`n systnc, t`n jnsirkptkfd fa t`n systnc, mdj nxpomdmtkfd fa nmi` subsystnc. Kt

ifdsksts fa w`mt tmsh t`n systnc s`fuoj pnrafrc, t`n prfinssns kdvfovnj, w`ki` jmtm s`fuoj t`n

systnc `fojs mdj t`n kdtnramins wkt` t`n usnr. Z`n auditkfdmo rnqukrncndts kjndtkaknj mrn7

m. Iustfcnr‛s rnekstrmtkfd7 Z`n systnc s`fuoj moofw dnw usnrs tf rnekstnr fdokdn mdj endnrmtn

cncbnrs`kp imrj.

b. Fdokdn rnsnrvmtkfd fa imrs7 Iustfcnrs s`fuoj bn mbon tf usn t`n systnc tf cmhn bffhkde mdj

fdokdn rnsnrvmtkfd.

i. Mutfcmtki upjmtn tf jmtmbmsn fdin rnsnrvmtkfd ks cmjn fr dnw iustfcnr rnekstnrnj7

U`ndnvnr t`nrn‛s dnw rnsnrvmtkfd fr dnw rnekstrmtkfd, t`n systnc s`fuoj bn mbon upjmtn t`n

jmtmbmsn wkt`fut mdy mjjktkfdmo naafrts arfc t`n mjckd.

j. Annjbmihs tf iustfcnrs7 Kt s`fuoj prfvkjn cnmds afr iustfcnrs tf onmvn annjbmih.





Dfd-Auditkfdmo Rnqukrncndts

Kt jnsirkbns mspnits fa t`n systnc t`mt mrn ifdinrdnj wkt` `fw t`n systnc prfvkjns t`n auditkfdmo

rnqukrncndts. Z`ny mrn7

m. Yniurkty7 Z`n subsystnc s`fuoj prfvkjn m `ke` onvno fa sniurkty mdj kdtnerkty fa t`n jmtm `noj

by t`n systnc, fdoy mut`frkznj pnrsfddno fa t`n ifcpmdy imd emkd miinss tf t`n ifcpmdy‛s

sniurnj pmen fd t`n systnc8 mdj fdoy usnrs wkt` vmokj pmsswfrj mdj usnrdmcn imd ofekd tf

vknw usnr‛s pmen.

b. \nrafrcmdin mdj Rnspfdsn tkcn7 Z`n systnc s`fuoj `mvn `ke` pnrafrcmdin rmtn w`nd

nxniutkde usnr‛s kdput mdj s`fuoj bn mbon tf prfvkjn annjbmih fr rnspfdsn wkt`kd m s`frt tkcn

spmd usumooy >< snifdjs afr `ke`oy ifcpokimtnj tmsh mdj 2< tf 2> snifdjs afr onss

ifcpokimtnj tmsh.

i. Nrrfr `mdjokde7 Nrrfr s`fuoj bn ifdskjnrmboy ckdkckznj mdj md mpprfprkmtn nrrfr cnssmen

t`mt eukjns t`n usnr tf rnifvnr arfc md nrrfr s`fuoj bn prfvkjnj. Qmokjmtkfd fa usnr‛s kdput ks

`ke`oy nssndtkmo. Mosf t`n stmdjmrj tkcn tmhnd tf rnifvnr arfc md nrrfr s`fuoj bn => tf 2<

snifdjs.

j. Mvmkombkokty7 Z`ks systnc s`fuoj mowmys bn mvmkombon afr miinss mt 2: `furs, 5 jmys m wnnh.

Mosf kd t`n fiiurrndin fa mdy cmgfr systnc cmoauditkfdkde, t`n systnc s`fuoj bn mvmkombon

kd = tf 2 wfrhkde jmys, sf t`mt t`n buskdnss prfinss ks dft snvnrnoy maanitnj.

n. Nmsn fa usn7 Ifdskjnrnj t`n onvno fa hdfwonjen pfssnssnj by t`n usnrs fa t`ks systnc, m

skcpon but qumokty usnr kdtnramin s`fuoj bn jnvnofpnj tf cmhn kt nmsy tf udjnrstmdj mdj

rnqukrnj onss trmkdkde.





\rfgnit Imtnefry7

Rnomtkfdmo Jmtmbmsn Cmdmencndt Yystnc (RJBCY) 7 Z`ks ks md RJBCY bmsnj prfgnit w`ki` ks iurrndtoy

uskde CyY]O afr moo t`n trmdsmitkfd stmtncndts. CyY]O ks md fpndsfurin RJBCY Yystnc.

Brkna Kdtrfjuitkfd mbfut RJBYC7

M rnomtkfdmo jmtmbmsn cmdmencndt systnc (RJBCY) ks m jmtmbmsn cmdmencndt systnc (JBCY) t`mt ks

bmsnj fd t`n rnomtkfdmo cfjno ms kdvndtnj by N. A. Ifjj, fa KBC's Ymd Gfsn Rnsnmri` Ombfrmtfry. Cmdy

pfpuomr jmtmbmsns iurrndtoy kd usn mrn bmsnj fd t`n rnomtkfdmo jmtmbmsn cfjno.

RJBCYs `mvn bnifcn m prnjfckdmdt i`fkin afr t`n stfrmen fa kdafrcmtkfd kd dnw jmtmbmsns usnj afr

akdmdikmo rnifrjs, cmduamiturkde mdj ofekstkimo kdafrcmtkfd, pnrsfddno jmtm, mdj cui` cfrn skdin t`n

=;0<s. Rnomtkfdmo jmtmbmsns `mvn fatnd rnpominj onemiy `knrmri`kimo jmtmbmsns mdj dntwfrh jmtmbmsns

bnimusn t`ny mrn nmsknr tf udjnrstmdj mdj usn. @fwnvnr, rnomtkfdmo jmtmbmsns `mvn bnnd i`moondenj by

fbgnit jmtmbmsns, w`ki` wnrn kdtrfjuinj kd md mttncpt tf mjjrnss t`n fbgnit-rnomtkfdmo kcpnjmdin

ckscmti` kd rnomtkfdmo jmtmbmsn, mdj PCO jmtmbmsns.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men ;

Yystnc \urpfsn

Z`n ifcpmdy wmdts tf akdj m sfoutkfd tf rnjuin kts fpnrmtkde ifsts. Z`n systnc bnkde jnvnofpnj ks m

systnc tf `mdjon t`n buskdnss dnnjs fa rndtkde fut vn`kions tf iustfcnrs, cmkdtmkdkde rnifrjs mdj jmtm

fd vn`kion aonnt, fpnrmtkde t`n iustfcnr pfrtmo wnbsktn, mdj rnpfrtkde t`n stmtn fa t`n systnc tf t`n

ifcpmdy. Z`n systnc jfns dft auoakoo mdy ft`nr dnnjs fa t`n buskdnss.

Yystnc Yifpn

Z`n auditkfdmo sifpn fa t`n systnc ks rnprnsndtnj kd afur jkaanrndt mspnits fa t`n systnc7 Iustfcnr

Ynrvkin Cfjuon (IY), Unb \frtmo Cfjuon (U\), Aonnt Cmdmencndt Cfjuon (AC) mdj Rnpfrts mdj

Mdmoytkis Cfjuon (RM).

Z`n sifpn fa t`n Aonnt Cmdmencndt cfjuon ks hnnpkde trmih fa t`n rndtmo vn`kion aonnt. Z`ks

cfjuon‛s purpfsn wkoo bn tf ifdtmkd t`n jmtm fd t`n vn`kion aonnt mdj kdafrcmtkfd mbfut t`n

spnikaki vn`kions. Z`n Aonnt Cmdmencndt cfjuon wkoo dft `mdjon t`n rndtkde fa t`n vn`kions.

Z`n sifpn fa t`n Iustfcnr Unb \frtmo ks tf rndt vn`kions tf iustfcnrs fdokdn kd t`n mbsndin fa

md ncpofynn. Z`n cfjuon wkoo kdtnramin wkt` t`n aonnt cmdmencndt cfjuon but wkoo dft pnrafrc

mdy fa t`mt cfjuon‛s jutkns. Z`n smcn efns afr t`n Iustfcnr Ynrvkin cfjuon.

Z`n sifpn fa t`n Iustfcnr Ynrvkin Cfjuon ks tf prfvkjn m ionmr mdj nmsy tf usn omyfut afr

ncpofynns mdj iustfcnrs tf afoofw mofde wkt` ms t`ny wfrh fut m rndtmo. Ms cndtkfdnj mbfvn

t`n cfjuon wkoo kdtnramin wkt` t`n aonnt cmdmencndt cfjuon but wkoo dft pnrafrc mdy fa t`mt

cfjuon‛s jutkns.

Z`n sifpn fa t`n Rnpfrts mdj Mdmoytkis Cfjuon ks tf prfvkjn m prnjntnrckdnj spft t`mt wkoo

ifdtmkd moo fa t`n rnpfrts cmjn arfc ncpofynns fd imr rndtmos. Kt wkoo `nop t`n stfrn cmdmenrs

mdj ifrpfrmtn faakin w`nd t`ny dnnj tf akon rnpfrts mdj i`nih fd rndtmos.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =<

Yystnc Fvnrvknw

Yystnc Ifdtnxt

Z`n systnc `ms bnnd jnskednj wkt` afur cfjuons kd ckdj. Z`nsn cfjuons mrn t`n iustfcnr snrvkin

cfjuon, t`n wnb pfrtmo cfjuon, t`n aonnt cmdmencndt cfjuon, mdj t`n rnpfrts mdj mdmoytkis cfjuon.

Z`nsn afur cfjuons wkoo cmhn up t`n struiturn fa t`n systnc. Z`n iustfcnr snrvkin cfjuon wkoo bn t`n

pmrt fa t`n systnc t`mt ks suppfsnj tf prfvkjn t`n ncpofynn wkt` nvnryt`kde t`ny dnnj tf pnrafrc t`nkr

jutkns. Z`n wnb pfrtmo cfjuon wkoo bn t`n pmrt fa t`n systnc t`mt `mdjons t`n wnbsktn w`nrn t`n

iustfcnrs wkoo bn mbon tf ef t`rfue` md mutfcmtnj prfinss tf rndt imrs. Z`n aonnt cmdmencndt cfjuon

wkoo jf ms kts dmcn sueensts mdj cmdmen t`n rndtmo aonnt. Z`n rnpfrts mdj mdmoytkis cfjuon wkoo bn t`n

pmrt fa t`n systnc t`mt wkoo bn usnj tf endnrmtn rnpfrts arfc t`n rncmkdkde t`rnn cfjuons afr t`n

purpfsn fremdkzkde t`n jmtm fd t`n stmtus fa t`n ifcpmdy. Z`n systnc wkoo bn mbon tf kdtnrmit wkt`

futskjn systncs tf prfinss pmycndt fd bn`moa fa t`n ifcpmdy.

Yystnc Auditkfds

Z`n systnc wkoo bn mbon tf rndt fut vn`kions. Z`n systnc wkoo bn mbon tf miinpt pmycndts. Z`n systnc wkoo

hnnp trmih fa t`n rndtmo aonnt. Z`n systnc wkoo endnrmtn rnpfrts afr t`n ncpofynns.

^snr I`mrmitnrkstkis

Z`n usnrs wkoo bn iustfcnrs w`ki` imd kdioujn trmvnokde buskdnss pnfpon, fut fa tfwd vksktfrs, mdj ofimo

rnskjndts kd dnnj fa m imr. Ft`nr usnrs fa t`n systnc wkoo bn t`n ncpofynns bft` mt t`n stfrn onvno mdj m

`nmjqumrtnrs. Z`n ncpofynns wkoo moo bn uskde wkdjfws jnshtfps tf ifdjuit t`nkr buskdnss fd t`n

systnc but t`n systnc wkoo dnnj tf miifccfjmtn t`n vmrknty fa jnvkins t`mt t`n iustfcnrs wkoo `mvn.

Z`n iustfcnrs wkoo `mvn cfbkon jnvkins ruddkde snvnrmo jkaanrndt fpnrmtkde sfatwmrn kdioujkde mdjrfkj,

kFY, mdj bomihbnrry. Z`n auoo wnbsktn mosf cust miifccfjmtn t`nsn jkaanrndt fpnrmtkde systncs.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men ==

Jnakdktkfds fa Imr Rndtmo Yystnc7

Iustfcnr Ynrvkin Cfjuon7 IY

Iustfcnr Unb \frtmo7 U\

Aonnt Cmdmencndt7 AC

Rnpfrts mdj Mdmoytkis7 RM

Mitfrs

Ncpofynn7 Ncp

Cmdmenr7 Cmd

Iustfcnr7 Ius

Rnqukrncndts Nxtnrdmo Kdtnramins

@mrjwmrn Kdtnramins

R=7 Z`n systnc wkoo `mvn 9 tnrckdmos pnr stfrn, wkt` nmi` fdn `mvkde m tfui` sirnnd cfdktfr,

hnybfmrj, irnjkt imrj simddnr mdj m ims` rnekstnr.

R27 Z`n systnc wkoo `mvn m :> ckdutn bmttnry bmihup mt nmi` tnrckdmo.

R97 Z`n systnc wkoo `mvn m 2 `fur bmttnry bmihup mt t`n snrvnr mt `nmjqumrtnrs.

Yystnc Kdtnramins

R:7 Z`n systnc wkoo kdtnrmit wkt` t`n bmdhkde dntwfrh afr t`n purpfsn fa prfinsskde pmycndts.

R>7 Z`n systncs jmtm dnnjs wkoo bn suppfrtnj by m ifddnitkfd tf t`n `nmjqumrtnrs snrvnr.

^snr Kdtnramins

R17 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdskst fa Afur (:) cfjuons8 Iustfcnr Ynrvkin, Iustfcnr \frtmo Unbsktn,

Aonnt Cmdmencndt, Rnpfrts & Mdmoytkis.

Auditkfdmo Rnqukrncndts

R57 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Iustfcnr Ynrvkin cfjuon t`mt wkoo moofw Ytfrn mdj Ifrpfrmtn

ncpofynns tf prfvkjn kdafrcmtkfd tf iustfcnrs

R07 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Iustfcnr Ynrvkin cfjuon t`mt wkoo moofw Ytfrn mdj Ifrpfrmtn

ncpofynns‛ miinss tf t`n systnc afr t`n purpfsn fa Irnmtkde "Rndtmo Mernncndts"




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =2

R;7 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Iustfcnr Ynrvkin cfjuon t`mt wkoo moofw Ytfrn mdj Ifrpfrmtn

ncpofynns tf ifoonit pmycndts

R=<7 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Iustfcnr \frtmo Unbsktn t`mt wkoo prfvkjn kdafrcmtkfd tf t`n

puboki mdj iustfcnrs mbfut t`n ifcpmdy mdj fpnrmtkfds fa t`n ifcpmdy.

R=<.=7 Z`ks kdafrcmtkfd wkoo kdioujn Ofimtkfds, @furs fa fpnrmtkfd, ifdtmit kdafrcmtkfd, mvmkombon

rndtmo vn`kions, rndtmo pmihmens, prkin nstkcmtn, mdj mdy ft`nr kdafrcmtkfd jnncnj dninssmry by

t`n ifcpmdy.

R==7 Z`n iustfcnr pfrtmo wnbsktn wkoo prfvkjn t`n iustfcnr wkt` t`n iofsnst ofimtkfd tf t`nkr zkp

ifjn mdj up tf t`n dnxt akvn (>) iofsnst ofimtkfds kd mjjktkfd tf `furs fa fpnrmtkfds, ifdtmit kdaf

mdj jkrnitkfds.

R=27 Z`n Yystnc wkoo endnrmtn md kdvndtfry impmikty rnpfrt afr t`n jnskrnj tkcn mdj ofimtkfd.

R=97 Z`n Yystnc wkoo moofw afr dnw vn`kions tf bn mjjnj tf t`n kdvndtfry fa t`n ifcpmdy.

R=:7 Z`n Aonnt cmdmencndt cfjuon wkoo moofw t`n systnc tf trmih vn`kion cmkdtndmdin.

Cmkdtndmdin wkoo bn trmihnj t`rfue` ckonmen mdj fr tkcn ms jnikjnj by t`n ifcpmdy.

R=>7 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Rnpfrt mdj Mdmoytkis Cfjuon t`mt wkoo snrvn t`n purpfsn fa

endnrmtkde rnpfrts fd t`n fpnrmtkfds fa t`n ifcpmdy.

R=17 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Rnpfrt mdj Mdmoytkis Cfjuon t`mt wkoo bn impmbon fa endnrmtkde

rnpfrts afr ktncs sui` ms smons, cmkdtndmdin, vn`kion `kstfry, fpnrmtkfds, rndtmos, mdj kdsurmdin.

R=57 Z`n Yystnc wkoo ifdtmkd m Rnpfrt mdj Mdmoytkis Cfjuon t`mt wkoo bn impmbon fa endnrmtkde

rnpfrts afr m jnskrnj tkcn mdj ofimtkfd

R=07 Z`n systnc wkoo bmti` t`n jmkoy fpnrmtkfds tf `nmjqumrtnrs mt t`n ndj fa nmi` buskdnss jmy.

R=;7 Z`n systnc wkoo endnrmtn m bmihup fa moo jmtm wnnhoy afr t`n purpfsn fa jmtm ofss

prnvndtkfd mt t`n `nmjqumrtnrs.

R2<7 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw t`n iustfcnr tf kdput t`n jnskrnj jmtn, ofimtkfd mdj pmihmen fptkfds

tf jntnrckdn vn`kion mvmkombkokty. Ka vn`kion ks mvmkombon t`nd t`n systnc wkoo cfvn fdtf t`n dnxt

stnp. Ka vn`kion ks dft mvmkombon t`nd t`n systnc wkoo prfcpt t`n iustfcnr tf pkih mdft`nr vn`kion.

R2=7 Z`n systnc wkoo jkspomy fdoy vn`kions t`mt mrn iurrndtoy mvmkombon tf rndt tf t`n iustfcnr

jurkde t`n rndtmo prfinss.

R227 Z`n systnc wkoo irnmtn m iustfcnr miifudt ka t`n iustfcnr ks dft kd t`n systnc.

R297 Z`n iustfcnr miifudt wkoo rnqukrn dmcn, mjjrnss, jmtn fa bkrt`, jrkvnr‛s Okindsn, mdj irnjkt

imrj ducbnr.





R2:7 Z`n systnc wkoo rnqukrn m irnjkt imrj bn fd akon but wkoo moofw iustfcnr tf usn jkaanrndt

afrcs fa pmycndt mt tkcn fa rndtmo.

R2>7 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn m rnpfrt fa t`n vn`kions t`mt mrn si`njuonj tf bn rndtnj fut mdj

rnturdnj afr t`n spnikaknj jmy.

R217 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw afr m bofih rnsnrvmtkfd fa cfrn t`md fdn (=) imr mt m tkcn.

R257 mt tkcn fa pkihup t`n systnc wkoo moofw t`n ncpofynn tf brkde up t`n spnikaknj rnsnrvmtkfd

mdj tf prkdt fut m "rndtmo mernncndt"

R207 Z`n systnc wkoo rnqukrn t`n ncpofynn tf vnrkay t`n kdafrcmtkfd fd t`n "Rndtmo Mernncndt"

mdj tf t`nd kdput kdtf t`n systnc m dftkin t`mt t`n mernncndt `ms bnnd efdn fvnr. Z`ks wkoo

ndsurn t`mt t`n ncpofynn `ms kd amit efdn fvnr t`n mernncndt mdj nvnryt`kde ks kd pomin.

R2;7 Z`n systnc wkoo msh ka t`n ncpofynn `ms fbtmkdnj t`n iustfcnr Ykedmturn fd t`n "rndtmo

mernncndt". Iustfcnr skedmturn ks rnqukrnj fd t`n rndtmo mernncndt by ifcpmdy pfokiy.

R9<7 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw afr prnokckdmry pmycndt tf bn ifoonitnj mt tkcn fa pkihup ka ifcpmdy

pfokikns stmtns t`mt pmycndt ks tf bn ifoonitnj mt tkcn fa pkihup.

R9=7 Z`n iustfcnr wkoo okmbon afr m "df s`fw" i`mren ka t`ny amko tf pkih up t`n vn`kion mt t`n

spnikaknj tkcn. Z`n systnc wkoo rnqukrn t`mt t`n i`mren bn prfinss bnafrn t`n rnsnrvmtkfd imd bn

iofsnj fut kd t`n imsn fa m "df s`fw"

R927 Z`n iustfcnr wkoo `mvn twndty afur (2:) `furs bnafrn pkihup tkcn tf imoo mdj imdino t`n

rnsnrvmtkfd bnafrn t`n systnc rnqukrns t`n "df s`fw" i`mren

R997 Mt tkcn fa rnturd fa rndtmo vn`kion t`n systnc wkoo moofw t`n ncpofynn tf prkdt fut m

"Qn`kion kdspnitkfd afrc". Z`ks afrc ks tf bn akoonj fut mt t`n vn`kion mdj t`nd kdput bmih kdtf t`n

systnc.

R9:7 Z`n "vn`kion kdspnitkfd afrc" wkoo rnqukrn kdafrcmtkfd kdioujkde cfjno, okindsn pomtn

ducbnr, vkd ducbnr, mdj jmcmen tf t`n vn`kion, onvno fa auno kd t`n ems tmdh, ckonmen, mdj m

snitkfd afr mdy ft`nr kssuns.

R9>7 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw afr m vn`kion tf bn rnturdnj tf m jkaanrndt ofimtkfd t`md t`n frkekdmo

rndtmo ofimtkfd afr t`n i`mren fa m ann tf bn jntnrckdnj by t`n ifcpmdy.

R917 Z`n systnc wkoo kjndtkay mdj mjjktkfdmo i`mrens t`mt dnnj tf bn i`mrenj afr mdy jmcmen fr

kssun tf t`n rndtmo vn`kion.

R957 Afr ifcpmdy miifudts t`n systnc wkoo moofw afr t`n kdvfkin (bkoo) tf bn sndt tf t`n ifcpmdy.

R907 Ifcpmdy bkookde wkoo bn rnqukrnj tf bn snt up kd mjvmdin wkt` t`n ifcpmdy tf prnvndt

armuj.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =:

R9;7 Matnr t`n vn`kion kdspnitkfd ks jfdn t`nd t`n systnc wkoo prkdt faa m akdmo kdvfkin afr t`n

ifstucnr tf sked. Z`ks kdvfkin wkoo ifdtmkd t`n tftmo mcfudt i`mrenj by t`n rndtmo ifcpmdy

kdioujkde prkcmry rndtmo mdj mjjktkfdmo i`mrens. \`yskimo ifpy wkoo bn smvnj ms prffa fa

trmdsmitkfd.

R:<7 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` m ofekd.

R:=7 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` m ofefut.

R:27 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` t`n fptkfd tf rnsnt t`nkr ofekd pmsswfrj.

R:97 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` t`n fptkfd tf i`mden t`nkr ofekd pmsswfrj.

R::7 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw ncpofynns wkt` qukih md naakikndt miinss tf iustfcnr kdafrcmtkfd.

R:>7 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` m sirnnd vknw fa moo iustfcnr pkihups afr m

spnikaknj jmy.

R:17 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn ncpofynns wkt` m sirnnd vknw fa md nxkstkde rnsnrvmtkfd fa m

iustfcnr.

R:57 Z`n systnc wkoo prfvkjn iustfcnrs tf ofekd fd t`n wnb pfrtmo mdj vknw nxkstkde rnsnrvmtkfd

kd t`n systnc.

R:07 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw ncpofynns tf i`nih vn`kion mvmkombkokty arfc kdvndtfry afr iustfcnrs.

R:;7 Z`n systnc wkoo moofw ncpofynns tf ent spnikaki vn`kion kdafrcmtkfd afr iustfcnrs.

\nrafrcmdin Rnqukrncndt

Z`n ofimo systnc s`fuoj bn impmbon fa ruddkde, mt ckdkcuc, =<<< prfinssns pnr ckdutn (\\C). Z`n

@nmjqumrtnr (@]) systnc s`fuoj bn mbon tf prfinss mdj moofimtn kdafrcmtkfd tf jnskedmtnj tnrckdmo

wkt`kd m =< snifdj rnarns` rmtn. Z`n systnc rnspfdsn tkcn s`fuoj bn df ofdenr t`md =.< snifdjs kd

frjnr tf hnnp up wkt` t`n mitkfds ekvnd by t`n ^snr. Ms t`n ifcpmdy bnekds tf miqukrn cfrn iustfcnrs

mdj bnifcns cfrn pfpuomr, t`n systnc cust bn mbon tf simon kd spnnj, skzn, mdj vnrsmtkokty kd frjnr tf

miifccfjmtn t`n rkskde dnnjs/wmdts fa t`n iustfcnr bmsks.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =>

RJBCY Mri`ktniturn Jkmermc

Zffos/\omtafrc, @mrjwmrn mdj Yfatwmrn Rnqukrncndt spnikakimtkfds7

Afr snttkde t`ks pfrtmo, kt rnqukrns inrtmkd tni`dkimo rnqukrncndts tf bn cnt afr t`n stfrn tf fpnrmtn

prfpnroy. Akrst, m wnb snrvnr cust bn irnmtnj tf cmhn t`n nifccnrin stfrn pubokioy mvmkombon fd t`n

wnb. Jfcmkd dmcns mdj `fstkde snrvkins imd nmskoy bn puri`msnj afr md maafrjmbon prkin. U`nd

snonitkde m `fstkde snrvkin, yfu s`fuoj i`nih tf snn t`mt t`nsn snrvnr rnqukrncndts mrn prfvkjnj mdj

kdstmoonj fd t`nkr wnb snrvnrs7

Yfatwmrn Jntmkos afr ruddkde \frtmo

Unb Ynrvnr (prnanrmboy Mpmi`n)

\@\ (mt onmst >.2)

CyY]O

Iuro





Zffos/\omtafrc, @mrjwmrn mdj Yfatwmrn Rnqukrncndt spnikakimtkfds7

Afr snttkde t`ks nifccnrin pfrtmo, kt rnqukrns inrtmkd tni`dkimo rnqukrncndts tf bn cnt afr t`n stfrn tf

fpnrmtn prfpnroy. Akrst, m wnb snrvnr cust bn irnmtnj tf cmhn t`n fdokdn imr rndtmo systnc pubokioy

mvmkombon fd t`n wnb. Jfcmkd dmcns mdj `fstkde snrvkins imd nmskoy bn puri`msnj afr md maafrjmbon

prkin. U`nd snonitkde m `fstkde snrvkin, yfu s`fuoj i`nih tf snn t`mt t`nsn snrvnr rnqukrncndts mrn

prfvkjnj mdj kdstmoonj fd t`nkr wnb snrvnrs7

Yfatwmrn Jntmkos afr ruddkde Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc

Unb Ynrvnr (prnanrmboy Mpmi`n)

\@\ (mt onmst >.2)

CyY]O

Iuro

Rnqukrnj \@\ okbrmrkns / cfjuons

Iuro

WK\

Wokb

EJ Okbrmry

Cirypt

Cbstrkdes

Z`n mbfvn \@\ nxtndskfds s`fuoj bn mvmkombon by mocfst moo `fstkde prfvkjnrs, jurkde t`n kdstmoo prfinssm

kt wkoo i`nih yfu `mvn t`nc moo ndmbonj. [fu s`fuoj ifdtmit yfur `fstkde prfvkjnr ka fdn ks cksskde.





Kcponcndtmtkfd cnt`fjfofey7

Cfjno Qknw Ifdtrfoonr fr CQI ms kt ks pfpuomroy imoonj, ks m sfatwmrn jnsked pmttnrd afr jnvnofpkde wnb

mppokimtkfds. M Cfjno Qknw Ifdtrfoonr pmttnrd ks cmjn up fa t`n afoofwkde t`rnn pmrts7

Cfjno - Z`n ofwnst onvno fa t`n pmttnrd w`ki` ks rnspfdskbon afr cmkdtmkdkde jmtm.

Qknw - Z`ks ks rnspfdskbon afr jkspomykde moo fr m pfrtkfd fa t`n jmtm tf t`n usnr.

Ifdtrfoonr - Yfatwmrn Ifjn t`mt ifdtrfos t`n kdtnrmitkfds bntwnnd t`n Cfjno mdj Qknw.

CQI ks pfpuomr ms kt ksfomtns t`n mppokimtkfd ofeki arfc t`n usnr kdtnramin omynr mdj suppfrts snpmrmtkfd

fa ifdinrds. @nrn t`n Ifdtrfoonr rninkvns moo rnqunsts afr t`n mppokimtkfd mdj t`nd wfrhs wkt` t`n Cfjno

tf prnpmrn mdy jmtm dnnjnj by t`n Qknw. Z`n Qknw t`nd usns t`n jmtm prnpmrnj by t`n Ifdtrfoonr tf

endnrmtn m akdmo prnsndtmbon rnspfdsn. Z`n CQI mbstrmitkfd imd bn ermp`kimooy rnprnsndtnj ms afoofws.

CQI (Cfjno Qknw Ifdtrfoonr Aofw) Jkmermc





Kcponcndtmtkfd fa sniurkty cni`mdkscs mt vmrkfus onvnos

Fdokdn Zrmdsmitkfd Yniurkty Yystnc 7 Z`n fdokdn trmdsmitkfd sniurkty systnc wkoo prfvkjn m sman mdj

sniurn cnt`fj afr fdokdn s`fppnrs tf cmhn irnjkt imrj puri`msns fd t`n wnbsktn. U`nd m irnjkt

puri`msn ks cmjn uskde t`n wnbsktn, t`n irnjkt imrj kdafrcmtkfd wkoo bn ndiryptnj uskde Yniurn YfihntOmynr (YYO) mdj trmdsckttnj tf t`n bmdh afr prfinsskde. Z`ks sniurkty systnc wkoo mosf prfvkjn miinss

ifdtrfo afr wnbsktn vksktfrs, w`ki` wkoo moofw fdoy rnekstnrnj usnrs tf cmhn puri`msns. Z`n rnekstnrnj

iustfcnrs miifudt kdafrcmtkfd wkoo bn stfrnj kd t`n iustfcnr kdafrcmtkfd jmtmbmsn cndtkfdnj nmroknr.

Jmtm Yniurkty Yystnc7 Z`n jmtm sniurkty systnc wkoo moofw jmtm tf bn sniurnoy trmdsckttnj bntwnnd t`n

vmrkfus ifcpfdndts fa t`n pfrtmo. Z`ks kdioujns trmdscksskfd fa prfjuit, cnri`mdt mdj iustfcnr

kdafrcmtkfd arfc t`n ifdtndt cmdmencndt systnc tf t`n wnbsktn, mdj mosf t`n trmdscksskfd fa jmtm

arfc t`n wnbsktn tf t`n ifdtndt cmdmencndt systnc.

Afojnr Yniurkty uskde .`tmiinss7 Z`n .`tmiinss akon kd yfur sktns jkrnitfry ks m ifdakeurmtkfd akon yfu imd

usn tf fvnrrkjn t`n snttkdes fd yfur wnb snrvnr. Ukt` t`n rke`t ifccmdjs, yfu imd ndmbon/jksmbon nxtrm

auditkfdmokty mdj anmturns tf prftnit yfur sktn arfc spmccnrs, `mihnrs mdj ft`nr t`rnmts.

\rnvndt Jkrnitfry Brfwskde7 \rftnitkde jkrnitfrkns arfc bnkde okstnj ks, mt bnst, sniurkty by fbsiurkty.

Z`mt ks, kts `kjkde yfur stuaa arfc vknw, prnvndtkde cnjjokde vksktfrs arfc brfwskde t`rfue` yfur

jkrnitfrkns. Rnmooy, kts t`n wnb nqukvmondt fa `kjkde yfur ims` udjnr yfur cmttrnss.Ytkoo, kts effj prmitkin

tf prnvndt jkrnitfry brfwskde, mofde wkt` kcponcndtkde ft`nr cnmsurns tf sniurn yfur sktn.

Zf jksmbon brfwskde fa yfur jkrnitfrkns, mjj t`ks tf yfur .`tmiinss akon7

Fptkfds Moo ’Kdjnxns

Rnstrkit Miinss tf [fur Mjckd Mrnm 7 M skcpon wmy tf rnstrkit miinss ka yfur kdtnrdnt `ms m akxnj K\

mjjrnss mdj yfu mowmys miinss yfur sktn afrc t`n smcn ofimtkfd ks by irnmtkde m dnw .`tmiinss akon wkt`

t`n afoofwkde sdkppnt7

frjnr jndy,moofw

moofw arfc =;2.=10.>.=

jndy arfc moo




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men =;

Wnrf Onvno JAJ




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2<

Akrst Onvno JAJ




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2=

NR-Jkmermc





Iomss Jkmermc





Fbgnit Jkmermc




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2:

Ynqundin Jkmermc




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2>

^sn Imsn Jkmermc





Jnpofycndt Jkmermc





Y[YZNC MDMO[YKY

Z`n mdmoysks cfjno ks m ifdiksn, prniksn mbstrmitkfd fa w`mt t`n jnskrnj systnc

cust jf, mdj dft `fw kt wkoo bn jfdn matnr t`n stujy fa t`n nxkstkde systnc ks

ifcpontnj. Z`ks bmskimooy kdioujns systnc stujy mdj t`n rnqukrncndt mdmoysks.

Kdtnrmitkde wkt` t`n iokndts rnemrjkde t`nkr rnqukrncndts mdj nxpnitmtkfds

arfc t`n systnc jfns rnqukrncndt mdmoysks.

Z`n stnps, w`ki` mrn nssndtkmo afr systnc mdmoysks, mrn7

=. Rnsnmri` mdj jnakdn nssndtkmo ifcpfdndts.

2. Mdmoyzn iurrndt prfinssns mdj kjndtkay emps.

9. Kdtnrvknw usnrs, Zrmkdnn, Zrmkdnrs mdj ft`nr ifdinrdnj pnrsfddno rnemrjkde

nssndtkmo ifcpfdndts mdj iurrndt prfinssns.

:. Urktn rnqukrncndts jfiucndt.

>. Jnakdn stmdjmrjs afr stmdjmrjs, pfokikns, mdj prfinjurns.

1. Rnvknw jrmat rnqukrncndts jfiucndt wkt` usnrs, Zrmkdnn, Zrmkdnrs mdj

ft`nr ifdinrdnj pnrsfddno.

5. ^pjmtn mdj nxpmdj prfgnit pomd.





KJNDZKAKIMZKFD FA DNNJ

Fdokdn Okbrmry Cmdmencndt Yystncs jnsirkbnj mbfvn imd onmj tf nrrfr arnn,

sniurn rnokmbon mdj amst cmdmencndt systnc afr okbrmry .

Kt imd msskst t`n stmaa tf ifdindtrmtn fd t`nkr rnomtnj(afr okbrmry) mitkvktkns rmt`nr tf

ifdindtrmtn fd t`n rnifrjs mdj rnpfrts fa kssukde bffhs, rnekstrmtkfd mdj

suppoknrs. Z`ks wkoo `nop fremdkzmtkfd kd bnttnr utkokzmtkfd fa `ucmd rnsfurins.

Kd t`ks p`msn, t`n usnr kjndtkakns t`n dnnj afr m dnw fr kcprfvnj systnc. Kd omren

fremdkzmtkfds t`ks kjndtkakimtkfd cmy bn pmrt fa m systncs pomddkde prfinss.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 2;

\RNOKCKDMR[ KDQNYZKEMZKFD

Bndnakt tf Fremdkzmtkfd

Z`n fremdkzmtkfd wkoo fbvkfusoy bn mbon tf emkd bndnakts sui` ms smvkdes kd

fpnrmtkde ifst, rnjuitkfd kd pmpnrwfrh, bnttnr utkokzmtkfd fa `ucmd rnsfurins

mdj cfrn prnsndtmbon kcmen kdirnmskde effjwkoo. Z`n ft`nr bndnakts mrn

kcprfvnj snrvkin mdj amstnr mdj bnttnr miinss tf up-tf-jmtn kdafrcmtkfd.

Z`n Kdktkmo Ifst

Z`n kdktkmo ifst fa snttkde up t`n systnc wkoo kdioujn t`n ifst fa `mrjwmrn

(snrvnr/iokndts, dntwfrh mjmptnr mdj rnomtnj `mrjwmrn), sfatwmrn (snrvnr FY,

mjj-fd sfatwmrn, utkoktkns) & ombfr (sntup & cmkdtndmdin). Z`n smcn `ms tf

bnmr by t`n fremdkzmtkfd.

Ruddkde Ifst

Bnskjns, t`n kdktkmo ifst t`n ofde tnrc ifst wkoo kdioujn t`n ruddkde ifst afr t`n

systnc kdioujkde t`n MCI, bffh i`mrens, ifst afr `ucmd rnsfurins, ifst afr

upjmtn/rndnwmo fa vmrkfus rnomtnj sfatwmrn.

Dnnj afr Zrmkdkde

Z`n usnrs mofde wkt` t`n mjckdkstrmtfr dnnj tf bn trmkdnj mt t`n tkcn fa

kcponcndtmtkfd fa t`n systnc afr scfft` ruddkde fa t̀ n systnc. Z`n iokndtwkoo prfvkjn t`n trmkdkde sktn.





Jnpndjkde upfd t`ks jnakdktkfd, wn mdmoyznj t`n prnsndt Okbrmry Cmdmencndt

Yystnc, jurkde t`n mdmoysks prfinss8 wn `mj tf ef t`rfue` t`n ndtkrn cmdumo

systnc t`mt wms bnkde afoofwnj kd t`n Fremdkzmtkfd afr pmst anw ynmrs.

Un tmohnj tf t`n cmdmencndt pnfpon w`f wnrn cmdmekde m t`n akdmdikmo

kssuns fa t`n indtnr, stmaa w`f wnrn hnnpkde t`n rnifrjs kd ofts fa rnekstnrs

mdj t`n rnpfrtkde cmdmenr rnemrjkde t`nkr nxkstkde systnc, t`nkr rnqukrncndts

mdj t`nkr nxpnitmtkfds arfc t`n dnw prfpfsnj systnc. Z`nd, wn jkj t`n

systnc stujy fa t`n ndtkrn systnc bmsnj fd t`nkr rnqukrncndts mdj t`n

mjjktkfdmo anmturns t`ny wmdtnj tf kdifrpfrmtn kd t`ks systnc.

Z`n cmdumo systnc wms vnry ifcponx tf bn cmdmenj mdj snmri`kde fr

upjmtkde t`n kdafrcmtkfd wms mosf vnry jkaakiuot.

Z`nrn wms m ondet`y prfinjurn afr ndtnrkde t`n jntmkos fa bffhs, cncbnrs,

vksktfrs, mdj t`nd cmhkde t`nkr tkckdes mdj Bkoos.

Z`n ft`nr prfbonc wkt` t`n cmdumo systnc wms fa rnpfrt endnrmtkfd. Z`n

rnpfrts tf bn endnrmtnj fd m jmkoy/wnnhoy/cfdt`oy bmsks rnqukrnj oft fa pmpnr

wfrh mdj imoiuomtkfds nti. Z`us, Rnpfrtkde Cmdmenr `mj tf cmdumooy imoiuomtn

moo t`n ifdsuotmtkfd anns fa nvnry pomynr mt t`n ndj fa nvnry jmy/wnnh/cfdt`.

Nvnd m scmoo imoiuomtkfd ckstmhn wms onmjkde tf rnmdmoysks mdj rnirnmtkfd fa

w`fon wfrh.





ANMYKBKOKZ[ YZ^J[

Mt t`ks stmen, t`n mdmoyst nstkcmtns t`n urendiy fa t`n prfgnit mdj nstkcmtns t`n

jnvnofpcndt ifst.

Kd anmskbkokty mdmoysks, wn `mvn tf stujy t`n afoofwkde7

=)

Zni`dkimo Anmskbkokty7

Zni`dkimo anmskbkokty ks ifdinrdnj wkt` t`n mvmkombkokty fa `mrjwmrn mdj

sfatwmrn rnqukrnj afr t`n jnvnofpcndt fa t`n systnc, tf snn ifcpmtkbkokty

mdj cmturkty fa t`n tni`dfofey prfpfsnj tf bn usnj mdj tf snn t`n

mvmkombkokty fa t`n rnqukrnj tni`dkimo cmdpfwnr tf jnvnofp t`n systnc.

Matnr t`n stujy wn imcn tf ifdiouskfd t`mt wn prfinnj aurt`nr wkt` t`n

tffos mdj jnvnofpcndt ndvkrfdcndt i`fsnd by us. Z`ks wms kcpfrtmdt kd

fur imsn ms wn wnrn wfrhkde fd twf vmrkfus p`msns fa t`n jnpmrtcndt t`mt

wkoo dnnj tf bn kdtnermtnj kd auturn tf cmhn md nxtndjnj systnc.

2)

Fpnrmtkfdmo Anmskbkokty7

Fpnrmtkfdmo anmskbkokty ks moo mbfut prfboncs t`mt cmy mrksn jurkde fpnrmtkfds.

Z`nrn mrn twf mspnits rnomtnj wkt` t`ks kssun7

U`mt ks t`n prfbmbkokty t`mt t`n sfoutkfd jnvnofpnj cmy dft bn put

tf usn fr cmy dft wfrh6

U`mt ks t`n kdiokdmtkfd fa t`n cmdmencndt mdj ndj usnrs tfwmrjs

t`n sfoutkfd6 Z`fue`, t`nrn ks vnry onmst pfsskbkokty fa cmdmencndt

bnkde mvnrsn tf t`n sfoutkfd, t`nrn ks m skedkakimdt prfbmbkokty t`mt t`n





ndj usnrs cmy dft bn kdtnrnstnj kd uskde t`n sfoutkfd jun tf omih fa

trmkdkde, kdske`t nti.

9)

Nifdfcki Anmskbkokty7

Kt ks t`n cnmsurn fa ifst naanitkvndnss fa t`n prfgnit. Z`n nifdfcki

anmskbkokty ks dft`kde but gujekde w`nt`nr t`n pfsskbon bndnakt fa sfovkde t`n

prfboncs ks wfrt`w`kon fa dft. Mt t`n anmskbkokty stujy onvno, kt ks kcpfsskbon

tf nstkcmtn t`n ifst bnimusn cncbnr‛s rnqukrncndts mdj motnrdmtkvn

sfoutkfds `mvn dft bnnd kjndtkaknj mt t`ks stmen. @fwnvnr, w`nd t`n spnikaki

rnqukrncndts mdj sfoutkfds `mvn bnnd kjndtkaknj, t`n mdmoyst wnke`s t`n

ifst mdj bndnakts fa moo sfoutkfds, t`ks ks imoonj ‟ifst bndnakt mdmoysks.





\RFGNIZ \OMDDKDE

Yfatwmrn prfgnit pomd imd bn vknwnj ms t`n afoofwkde7

=)

Ukt`kd t`n fremdkzmtkfd7 @fw t`n prfgnit ks tf bn kcponcndtnj6 U`mt mrn

vmrkfus ifdstrmkdts (tkcn, ifst, stmaa)6 U`mt ks cmrhnt strmtney6

2)

Ukt` rnspnit tf t`n iustfcnr7 Unnhoy fr tkcnoy cnntkdes wkt` t`n

iustfcnr wkt` prnsndtmtkfd fd stmtus rnpfrts. Iustfcnrs annjbmih ks mosf

tmhnd mdj aurt`nr cfjkakimtkfd mdj jnvnofpcndts mrn jfdn. \rfgnit

ckonstfdns mdj jnokvnrmbons mrn mosf prnsndtnj tf t`n iustfcnr.

Afr m suiinssauo sfatwmrn prfgnit, t`n afoofwkde stnps imd bn afoofwnj7

Ynonit m prfgnit

f Kjndtkaykde prfgnit‛s mkcs mdj fbgnitkvns

f ^djnrstmdjkde rnqukrncndts mdj spnikakimtkfd

f Cnt`fjs fa mdmoysks, jnsked mdj kcponcndtmtkfd

f Znstkde tni`dkquns

f Jfiucndtmtkfd

\rfgnit ckonstfdns mdj jnokvnrmbons

Bujent moofimtkfd

f Nxinnjkde okckts wkt`kd ifdtrfo

\rfgnit Nstkcmtns





f Ifst

f Zkcn

f Ykzn fa ifjn

f Jurmtkfd

Rnsfurin Moofimtkfd

f @mrjwmrn

f Yfatwmrn

f \rnvkfus rnonvmdt prfgnit kdafrcmtkfd

f Jkektmo Okbrmry

Rksh Cmdmencndt

f Rksh mvfkjmdin

f Rksh jntnitkfd




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 9>

\RFGNIZ YI@NJ^OKDE

Md noncndtmry Emdtt i`mrt fr Zkcnokdn i`mrt afr t`n jnvnofpcndt pomd ks ekvnd

bnofw. Z`n pomd nxpomkds t`n tmshs vnrsus t`n tkcn (kd wnnhs) t`ny wkoo tmhn tf

ifcpontn.

Gmdumry Anbrumry Cmri`

Rnqukrncndt Emt`nrkde

Mdmoysks

Jnsked

Ifjkde

Znstkde

Kcponcndt

U= U2 U9 U: U= U2 U9 U: U= U2 U9 U:

Uk‐ s mrn wnnhs fa t`n cfdt`s, afr k 3=, 2, 9, :





YFAZUMRN RN]^KRNCNDZ Y\NIKAKIMZKFD

Z`n Yfatwmrn Rnqukrncndts Ypnikakimtkfd ks prfjuinj mt t`n iuockdmtkfd fa

t`n mdmoysks tmsh. Z`n auditkfd mdj pnrafrcmdin moofimtnj tf sfatwmrn ms pmrt

fa systnc ndekdnnrkde mrn rnakdnj by nstmboks`kde m ifcpontn kdafrcmtkfd

jnsirkptkfd, m jntmkonj auditkfdmo mdj bn`mvkfrmo jnsirkptkfd, md kdjkimtkfd fa

pnrafrcmdin rnqukrncndts mdj jnsked ifdstrmkdts, mpprfprkmtn vmokjmtkfd

irktnrkm, mdj ft`nr jmtm pnrtkdndt tf rnqukrncndts.

=. Kdtrfjuitkfd

=.=. \urpfsn ’ Z`n cmkd purpfsn, tf cmhn t`ks sfatwmrn ks tf fvnr ifcn fa

prfboncs fa jmtm bmsn `mdjokde, cmkdtmkd rnekstnrs fa cncbnrs, bffhs, mdj

kdafrcmtkfd mbfut wfrhnr w`ki` mrn wfrhs mt Okbrmry nti.

=.2.

Kdtndjnj Mujkndin ’ Z`ks YRY ks cnmdt afr bmskimooy cy akdmo sncnstnr

prfgnit rnpfrt fa CIM. Bnskjns, kt ks fbvkfusoy tmrentnj afr t`n cmdmenrs fa

cndtkfdnj indtnr, t`n iokndt, tf ent mdj fvnrmoo jnsirkptkfd mdj mjvmdtmen fa

t`n prfpfsnj systnc fvnr t`n nxkstkde cmdumo systnc.

=.9. \rfjuit Qkskfd mdj Yifpn ’ Z`n prfpfsnj systnc ks bnkde jnvnofpnj

hnnpkde kd ckdj t`n rnqukrncndts/dnnj fa t`n iokndt tf mutfcmtn kts nxkstkde

systnc afr rnifrj hnnpkde, rnpfrt endnrmtkfd mdj cmdmencndt onvno

kdafrcmtkfd systnc. Hnnpkde kd ckdj t`n dnnjs, t`n systnc `ms bnnd

jnvnofpnj ms pnr eukjnokdns omkj by t`n iokndt‛s indtnr. Z`n systnc ks impmbon

ndfue` tf `mdjon okbrmry rnifrjs, bffh‛s rnifrjs, cncbnr‛s rnifrjs, vksktfrs

rnifrjs, rnpfrt endnrmtkfd, mdj stfrkde ft`nr rnomtnj kdafrcmtkfd.

2.

Fvnrmoo Jnsirkptkfd





2.= \rfjuit \nrspnitkvns7

Z`n prfpfsnj systnc amoos udjnr RJBCY (Rnomtkfdmo Jmtm Bmsn

Cmdmencndt Yystnc) imtnefry. K `mvn mjfptnj \@\ ms arfdt ndj afr t`n sfatwmrn

mdj C[Y]O ms bmih ndj.

\@\ ks mt prnsndt fdn fa t`n cfst pfpuomr jnvnofpcndt pomtafrc afr wnb

bmsnj systnc t`mt ks naakikndt afr wnb prfermcckde.

C[Y]O ks mt prnsndt t`n cfst rnokmbon mdj sniurn RJBCY tffo. C[Y]O Ynrvnr

wfrhs tf naakikndtoy cmdmen kts rnsfurin, m jmtmbmsn fa kdafrcmtkfd, mcfde t`n

cuotkpon iokndts rnqunstkde mdj sndjkde jmtm kd t`n dntwfrh. C[Y]O `ms cmdy

kcpfrtmdt anmturns t`mt cmhn kt dft fdoy md nxinptkfdmo jmtmbmsn cmdmencndt

systnc but mosf md nxinoondt jmtmbmsn snrvnr i`fkin afr iokndt/snrvnr jmtmbmsn

ifcputkde.

Yf t`n fvnrmoo systnc wkoo prfvn tf rnokmbon, sniurn mdj naakikndt afr t`n

fremdkzmtkfd.

2.2 \rfjuit Auditkfds

Auditkfdmoktkns7

2.2.= Mdy pnrsfd imd qunry afr bffhs mvmkombkokty miifrjkde tf spnikaknj

ifdjktkfds.

2.2.9 M \nrsfd imd bffh/imdino t`n bffh fdoy matnr `n ofes kd.

2.2.: 2.2.: M usnr imd sked up afr m prfakon ka `n jfnsd‛t `mvn fdn mornmjy.

2.2.> Fd ofeekde kd, t`n usnr `ms fptkfds tf





=. Bffh kssunj .

2. Njkt \rfakon kdafrcmtkfd

9. Imdinoomtkfd fa `ks bffhnj kssunj.

:. Qknw moo iurrndt bffhs bffhnj by `kc.

>. Ofefut

2.2.1 M pnrsfd imd ent moo kdafrcmtkfd rnemrjkde m okbrmry ka `n hnys kd kt.

M pnrsfd imd ent moo kdafrcmtkfd mbfut m bffhs ka `n hnys kd t`n bffh kj.

M pnrsfd imd ent t`n mvmkombkokty fa moo bffhs afr t`n dnxt 2< jmys.

Faakikmo cncbnrs mrn suppfsn tf jf t`mt wfrh w`ki` jkstrkbutnj by t`n

mjckdkstrmtfr

Mjckdkstrmtfr fr msskednj faakikmo cncbnrs imd mjj/cfjkay/jnontn okbrmry

kdafrcmtkfd.

Mjckdkstrmtfr fr msskednj faakikmo cncbnrs imd mjj/cfjkay/jnontn snmt

typn miifrjkde t`nkr mvmkombkokty mdj endnrmtn rnpfrt.

Mjckdkstrmtfr fr msskednj faakikmo cncbnrs imd mjj/cfjkay/jnontn okbrmry

kdafrcmtkfd.

Mjckdkstrmtfr fr msskednj faakikmo cncbnrs imd jnakdn mdj cmdmen i`mrens

kdafrcmtkfd.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men 9;

Mjckdkstrmtfr fr msskednj faakikmo cncbnrs imd jnakdn si`ncn mdj cfjkay

tkcn tf tkcn mdj endnrmtn rnpfrt.

Mjckdkstrmtfr imd mjj/cfjkay/jnontn faakikmo cncbnr mdj endnrmtn rnpfrt.

Mjckdkstrmtfr imd mjj/cfjkay/jnontn usnr kdafrcmtkfd mdj endnrmtn

rnpfrt.

2.9. Fpnrmtkde Ndvkrfdcndt ’ Z`n prfpfsnj sfatwmrn ks tf rud fd

iokndt/snrvnr cfjno dntwfrh.

M iokndt/snrvnr imd jnokvnr t`n bnttnr pnrafrcmdin t`md t`n akon snrvnr

systnc bnimusn m iokndt mppokimtkfd mdj jmtmbmsn snrvnr wfrh tfent`nr tf

spokt prfinsskde ofmj fa mppokimtkfds (t`us t`n tnrc jkstrkbutnj prfinsskde).

Z`n snrvnr cmdmens t`n jmtmbmsn mcfde t`n ducbnr fa iokndts, w`kon t`n

iokndt sndj, rnqunst, mdj mdmoyzn t`n jmtm ndtry afrc wkt` scmoo spnikaki

jmtm snt, sui` ms rfws kd m tmbon dft akon ms kd t`n akon snrvnr systnc. M

jmtmbmsn snrvnr ks kdtnookendt ndfue` sf t`mt kt ofih mdj rnturd fdoy t`n

rfws m iokndt rnqunst, w`ki` ndsurn ifdiurrndiy, ckdkckzn t`n dntwfrh

trmaaki mdj kdirnmsn t`n systnc pnrafrcmdin.

2.:. Mssucptkfds mdj Jnpndjndikns ’ U`kon ifst nstkcmtkfd fa t`n

prfpfsnj systnc kt `ms bnnd mssucnj t`mt t`n ifst `mrjwmrn mdj afr

okindsn fa Fpnrmtkde Yystnc mdj bmih ndj wkoo bn cnt by iokndt (t`n

fremdkzmtkfd). @ndin fdoy t`n ifst kdiurrnj afr t`n prfpfsnj sfatwmrn ks

kdioujnj t`nrnkd.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men :<

Z`n afoofwkdes mrn kjndtkaknj ms sfcn fa t`n pftndtkmo rksh amitfrs fr

jnpndjndikns7

(=) Dfd-mvmkombkokty fa rnqukrnj rnsfurins.

(2) \fwnr iuts.

(9) Yokppmen fa si`njuon jun tf udprnjkitmbon `fokjmys, nti.

2.> Okan Iyion Cfjno ’ K mc uskde YJOI cfjno t`mt bnekd mt systnc onvno mdj

prfernssns t`rfue` mdmoysks, jnsked, ifjkde, tnstkde, kcponcndtmtkfd mdj

cmkdtndmdin.

9.

Nxtnrdmo Kdtnramin Rnqukrncndts

9.= ̂

snr Kdtnramins ’ Kt `ms bnnd rnqukrnj t`mt nvnry afrc‛s kdtnramin s`fuoj bn

usnr arkndjoy mdj skcpon tf usn. Bnskjns, t`nrn s`fuoj bn amikokty fa miinsskde

t`n systnc t`rfue` hnybfmrj mofde wkt` t`n cfusn k.n. hnybfmrj

s`frtiuts.

9.2 Yfatwmrn Kdtnramins ’ Kt `ms bnnd rnqukrnj t`mt t`nrn ifuoj bn m dninsskty fa

uskde t`n stfrnj jmtm afr sfcn hkdj fa rnpfrt t`mt ks dft suppfrtnj by

prfpfsnj systnc mt prnsndt. Yf t`n prfpfsnj systnc ks rnqukrnj tf nxpfrt kts

jmtm ms tnxt akon sf t`mt sfcn ft`nr mppokimtkfd sfatwmrn imd kcpfrt t`n jmtm.

:. Yystnc Auturn Rnqukrncndt ’ Ft`nr t`md jnsirkptkfds prfvkjnj mbfvn, t`n

afoofwkde anmturns wnrn rnqukrnj by t`n iokndt7

(=) Z`n systnc s`fuoj bn sniurnj ndfue` tf rnoy upfd.

(2) ^snrs s`fuoj dft bn moofwnj tf jnontn/cfjkay mdy rnifrjs.

(9) ^snrs s`fuoj dft bn moofwnj tf tmhn akdmdikmo rnpfrts.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men :=

(:) Nvnry usnrs rnpfrt s`fuoj hnnp t`n trmihs fa usnr kdputtkde t`n

rnifrj.

(>) Yystnc s`fuoj prfvkjn amikokty fa nxpfrtkde kts jmtm kd tnxt

afrcmt.

(1) Yystnc s`fuoj bn mbon tf kdtnermtn wkt` kts \`msn KK

jnvnofpcndts.

>. Ft`nr Dfdauditkfdmo Rnqukrncndts

m. \nrafrcmdin Rnqukrncndts ’ Ms kt ks efkde tf bn usnj by moo t`n

ifdinrdnj ncpofynns wkt`kd t`n fremdkzmtkfd, t`n systnc s`fuoj `mvn m

effj pnrafrcmdin kd tnrcs fa spnnj mdj miiurmiy. Z`n prfpfsnj

systnc s`fuoj bn miiurmtn mdj amst ndfue` tf `mdjon `uen jmtm. Kt

s`fuoj prfvkjn amst ifccudkimtkfd bntwnnd snrvnr mdj iokndts.

b.

Ymanty Rnqukrncndts ’ Ms t`n systnc ks efkde tf `mdjon rnifrjs afr m

ofde rud nokckdmtkde t`n cmdumo systnc, kt ks suppfsnj tf ndsurn t`n

rntmkdkde fa jmtm mvfkjkde fr nokckdmtkde mdy prfbmbon imusn afr jmtm

ofss.

i.

Yniurkty Rnqukrncndts ’ Z`n sfatwmrn s`fuoj dft moofw udmut`frkznj

miinss tf mdy cfjuon fa t`n systnc. Bnskjns, kt s`fuoj cmkdtmkd t`n

prkvkonens ermdtnj tf usnrs mt vmrkfus usnr onvnos.

j. Yfatwmrn ]umokty Mttrkbutns ’ Z`n prkfrktkzmtkfd fa t`n sfatwmrn qumokty

mttrkbutns mrn mssucnj ms udjnr7

(=) Miiurmtn mdj `ndin rnokmbon.

(2) Yniurnj.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men :2

(9) Amst spnnj.

(:) Ifcpmtkbkokty.

(>) \frtmbkokty.





Yystnc Jnsked

Kd t`ks p`msn, m ofekimo systnc ks bukot w`ki` auoakos t`n ekvnd rnqukrncndts. Jnsked

p`msn fa sfatwmrn jnvnofpcndt jnmos wkt` trmdsafrckde t`n iustfcnr‛s

rnqukrncndts kdtf m ofekimooy wfrhkde systnc. Dfrcmooy, jnsked ks pnrafrcnj kd

t`n afoofwkde kd t`n afoofwkde twf stnps7

=)

\rkcmry Jnsked \`msn7 Kd t`ks p`msn, t`n systnc ks jnskednj mt bofih onvno.

Z`n bofihs mrn irnmtnj fd t`n bmsks fa mdmoysks jfdn kd t`n prfbonc

kjndtkakimtkfd p`msn. Jkaanrndt bofihs mrn irnmtnj afr jkaanrndt auditkfds

ncp`msks ks put fd ckdkckskde t`n kdafrcmtkfd aofw bntwnnd bofihs. Z`us,

moo mitkvktkns w`ki` rnqukrn cfrn kdtnrmitkfd mrn hnpt kd fdn bofih.

2)

Ynifdjmry Jnsked \`msn 7 Kd t`n snifdjmry p`msn t`n jntmkonj jnsked fa

nvnry bofih ks pnrafrcnj.

Z`n endnrmo tmshs kdvfovnj kd t`n jnsked prfinss mrn t`n afoofwkde7

K. Jnsked vmrkfus bofihs afr fvnrmoo systnc prfinssns.

KK. Jnsked scmoonr, ifcpmit mdj wfrhmbon cfjuons kd nmi` bofih.

KKK. Jnsked vmrkfus jmtmbmsn struiturns.

KQ. Ypnikay jntmkos fa prfermcs tf mi`knvn jnskrnj auditkfdmokty.

Q. Jnsked t`n afrc fa kdputs, mdj futputs fa t`n systnc.

QK. \nrafrc jfiucndtmtkfd fa t`n jnsked.

QKK. Yystnc rnvknws.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men ::

^snr Kdtnramin Jnsked

^snr Kdtnramin Jnsked ks ifdinrdnj wkt` t`n jkmofeun bntwnnd m usnr mdj t`n

ifcputnr. Kt ks ifdinrdnj wkt` nvnryt`kde arfc stmrtkde t`n systnc fr ofeekde kdtf

t`n systnc tf t`n nvndtumooy prnsndtmtkfd fa jnskrnj kdputs mdj futputs. Z`n

fvnrmoo aofw fa sirnnds mdj cnssmens ks imoonj m jkmofeun.

Z`n afoofwkde stnps mrn vmrkfus eukjnokdns afr ^snr Kdtnramin Jnsked7

=) Z`n systnc usnr s`fuoj mowmys bn mwmrn fa w`mt tf jf dnxt.

2) Z`n sirnnd s`fuoj bn afrcmttnj sf t`mt vmrkfus typns fa kdafrcmtkfd,

kdstruitkfds mdj cnssmens mowmys mppnmr kd t`n smcn endnrmo jkspomy mrnm.

9) Cnssmen, kdstruitkfds fr kdafrcmtkfd s`fuoj bn jkspomynj ofde ndfue` tf

moofw t`n systnc usnr tf rnmj t`nc.

:) ^sn jkspomy mttrkbutns spmrkdeoy.

>) Jnamuot vmouns afr aknojs mdj mdswnrs tf bn ndtnrnj by t`n usnr s`fuoj bn

spnikaknj.

1) M usnr s`fuoj dft bn moofwnj tf prfinnj wkt`fut ifrrnitkde md nrrfr.

5) Z`n systnc usnr s`fuoj dnvnr ent md fpnrmtkde systnc cnssmen fr amtmo

nrrfr.





QMOKJMZKFD IRKZNRKM

Z`n vmokjmtkfd irktnrkm kd t`ks prfgnit mrn ms afoofws...

Kd \frtmo Yystnc mosf, t`n usnr kdputs mrn vmokjmtnj bnafrn stfrkde t`nc, mdj

t`nd aurt`nr afr jkspomykde nti. Z`n cmkd vmokjmtkfds t`mt mrn jfdn kd \frtmo

Yystnc mrn ms afoofws ’

Moo t`n sirnnds `mvn m skckomr offh mdj anno. Z`ny moo `mvn t`n mocfst smcn ifofr

ifcbkdmtkfds kd kts bmiherfudj. Z`ks prfvkjns m bnttnr usnr kdtnramin tf t`n usnrs.

=) Z`n prkcmry hny vmouns imddft bn jupokimtnj.

2) Moo t`n ndtrkns kd mdy ifcbf bfx `mvn bnnd sfrtnj kd mop`mbntkimo frjnr.

Z`ks `nops m usnr w`kon snonitkde m vmoun arfc t`n ifcbf bfx.

KC\FRZMDIN FA ZNYZKDE

Jurkde systncs tnstkde, t`n systnc ks usnj nxpnrkcndtmooy tf ndsurn t`mt t`n

sfatwmrn jfns dft amko. Kd ft`nr wfrjs, wn imd smy t`mt kt wkoo rud miifrjkde tf kts

spnikakimtkfds mdj kd t`n wmy usnrs nxpnit. Ypnikmo tnst jmtm mrn kdput afr

prfinsskde, mdj t`n rnsuots nxmckdnj.

Z`n kcpfrtmdin fa systnc tnstkde ks t`mt t`n systnc ks nxpnitnj tf rud

miifrjkde tf cncbnr‛s rnqukrncndt bnafrn jnokvnrkde kt tf t`n iustfcnr.

Z`n Yystnc ks tnstnj fd t`n bmsks fa spnikakimtkfd sf t`mt kt jfns dft amko fd

usnr sktn.





Kcponcndtmtkfd mdj Znstkde

Kcponcndtmtkfd

Jntmkonj Jnsked fa Kcponcndtmtkfd - Z`ks p`msn fa t`n systncs

jnvnofpcndt okan iyion rnakdns `mrjwmrn mdj sfatwmrn spnikakimtkfds,

nstmboks`ns prfermcckde pomds, trmkds usnrs mdj kcponcndts

nxtndskvn tnstkde prfinjurns, tf nvmoumtn jnsked mdj fpnrmtkde

spnikakimtkfds mdj/fr prfvkjn t`n bmsks afr aurt`nr cfjkakimtkfd.

Zni`dkimo Jnsked - Z`ks mitkvkty bukojs upfd spnikakimtkfds prfjuinj

jurkde dnw systnc jnsked, mjjkde jntmkonj tni`dkimo spnikakimtkfds

mdj jfiucndtmtkfd.

Znst Ypnikakimtkfds mdj \omddkde - Z`ks mitkvkty prnpmrns jntmkonj tnst

spnikakimtkfds afr kdjkvkjumo cfjuons mdj prfermcs, gfb strnmcs,

subsystncs, mdj afr t`n systnc ms m w`fon.

\rfermcckde mdj Znstkde - Z`ks mitkvkty ndifcpmssns mitumo

jnvnofpcndt, wrktkde, mdj tnstkde fa prfermc udkts fr cfjuons.

^snr Zrmkdkde - Z`ks mitkvkty ndifcpmssns wrktkde usnr prfinjurn

cmdumos, prnpmrmtkfd fa usnr trmkdkde cmtnrkmos, ifdjuitkde

trmkdkde prfermcs, mdj tnstkde prfinjurns.

Miinptmdin Znst - M akdmo prfinjurmo rnvknw tf jncfdstrmtn m systnc

mdj sniurn usnr mpprfvmo bnafrn m systnc bnifcns fpnrmtkfdmo.

Kdstmoomtkfd \`msn - Kd t`ks p`msn t`n dnw Ifcputnrkznj systnc ks





kdstmoonj, t`n ifdvnrskfd tf dnw prfinjurns ks auooy kcponcndtnj,

mdj t`n pftndtkmo fa t`n dnw systnc ks nxpofrnj.

Yystnc Kdstmoomtkfd7 Z`n prfinss fa stmrtkde t`n mitumo usn fa m systnc

mdj trmkdkde usnr pnrsfddno kd kts fpnrmtkfd.

Rnvknw \`msn - Z`ks p`msn nvmoumtns t`n suiinssns mdj amkourns

jurkde m systncs jnvnofpcndt prfgnit, mdj tf cnmsurn t`n rnsuots

fa m dnw Ifcputnrkznj Zrmdsystnc kd tnrcs fa bndnakts mdj smvkdes

prfgnitnj mt t`n stmrt fa t`n prfgnit.

Jnvnofpcndt Rnimp - M rnvknw fa m prfgnit kccnjkmtnoy matnr

ifcpontkfd tf akdj suiinssns mdj pftndtkmo prfboncs kd auturn wfrh.

\fst-Kcponcndtmtkfd Rnvknw - M rnvknw, ifdjuitnj matnr m dnw systnc

`ms bnnd kd fpnrmtkfd afr sfcn tkcn, tf nvmoumtn mitumo systnc

pnrafrcmdin memkdst frkekdmo nxpnitmtkfds mdj prfgnitkfds afr ifst-

bndnakt kcprfvncndts. Mosf kjndtkakns cmkdtndmdin prfgnits tf

nd`mdin fr kcprfvn t`n systnc.

Z@N YZN\Y KD Z@N YFAZUMRN ZNYZKDE

Z`n stnps kdvfovnj jurkde ^dkt tnstkde mrn ms afoofws7

m) \rnpmrmtkfd fa t`n tnst imsns.

b) \rnpmrmtkfd fa t`n pfsskbon tnst jmtm wkt` moo t`n vmokjmtkfd i`nihs.

i) Ifcpontn ifjn rnvknw fa t`n cfjuon.

j) Mitumo tnstkde jfdn cmdumooy.

n) Cfjkakimtkfds jfdn afr t`n nrrfrs afudj jurkde tnstkde.

a) \rnpmrnj t`n tnst rnsuot sirkpts.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men :;

Z`n udkt tnstkde jfdn kdioujnj t`n tnstkde fa t`n afoofwkde ktncs7

=) Auditkfdmokty fa t`n ndtkrn cfjuon/afrcs.

2) Qmokjmtkfds afr usnr kdput.

9) I`nihkde fa t`n Ifjkde stmdjmrjs tf bn cmkdtmkdnj jurkde ifjkde.

:) Znstkde t`n cfjuon wkt` moo t`n pfsskbon tnst jmtm.

>) Znstkde fa t`n auditkfdmokty kdvfovkde moo typn fa imoiuomtkfds nti.

1) Ifccndtkde stmdjmrj kd t`n sfurin akons.

Matnr ifcpontkde t`n ^dkt tnstkde fa moo t`n cfjuons, t`n w`fon systnc ks

kdtnermtnj wkt` moo kts jnpndjndikns kd t`mt cfjuon. U`kon Yystnc Kdtnermtkfd, Un

kdtnermtnj t`n cfjuons fdn by fdn mdj tnstnj t`n systnc mt nmi` stnp. Z`ks

`nopnj kd rnjuitkfd fa nrrfrs mt t`n tkcn fa t`n systnc tnstkde.

Z`n stnps kdvfovnj jurkde Yystnc tnstkde mrn ms afoofws7

Kdtnermtkfd fa moo t`n cfjuons/afrcs kd t`n systnc.

\rnpmrmtkfd fa t`n tnst imsns.

\rnpmrmtkfd fa t`n pfsskbon tnst jmtm wkt` moo t`n vmokjmtkfd i`nihs.

Mitumo tnstkde jfdn cmdumooy.

Rnifrjkde fa moo t`n rnprfjuinj nrrfrs.

Cfjkakimtkfds jfdn afr t`n nrrfrs afudj jurkde tnstkde.

\rnpmrnj t`n tnst rnsuot sirkpts matnr rnitkakimtkfd fa t`n nrrfrs.

Z`n Yystnc Znstkde jfdn kdioujnj t`n tnstkde fa t`n afoofwkde ktncs7




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men ><

=. Auditkfdmokty fa t`n ndtkrn systnc ms m w`fon.

2. ^snr Kdtnramin fa t`n systnc.

9. Znstkde t`n jnpndjndt cfjuons tfent`nr wkt` moo t`n pfsskbon tnst jmtm

sirkpts.

:. Qnrkakimtkfd mdj Qmokjmtkfd tnstkde.

>. Znstkde t`n rnpfrts wkt` moo kts auditkfdmokty.

Matnr t`n ifcpontkfd fa systnc tnstkde, t`n dnxt afoofwkde p`msn wms t`n

Miinptmdin Znstkde. Iokndts mt t`nkr ndj jkj t`ks mdj miinptnj t`n systnc wkt`

mpprnikmtkfd.

Z`us, wn rnmi`nj t`n akdmo p`msn fa t`n prfgnit jnokvnry.

Z`nrn mrn ft`nr skx tnsts, w`ki` amoo udjnr spnikmo imtnefry. Z`ny mrn jnsirkbnj

bnofw7

k. \nmh Ofmj Znst7 Kt jntnrckdns w`nt`nr t`n systnc wkoo `mdjon t`n vfoucn

fa mitkvktkns t`mt fiiur w`nd t`n systnc ks mt t`n pnmh fa kts prfinsskde

jncmdj. Afr nxmcpon, tnst t`n systnc by mitkvmtkde moo tnrckdmos mt t`n

smcn tkcn.

kk. Ytfrmen Znstkde7 Kt jntnrckdns t`n impmikty fa t`n systnc tf stfrn

trmdsmitkfd jmtm fd m jksh fr kd ft`nr akons.

kkk. \nrafrcmdin Zkcn Znstkde7 kt jntnrckdns t`n ondet` fa tkcn systnc usnj by

t`n systnc tf prfinss trmdsmitkfd jmtm. Z`ks tnst ks ifdjuitnj prkfr tf

kcponcndtmtkfd tf jntnrckdn `fw ofde kt tmhns tf ent m rnspfdsn tf md

kdqukry, cmhn m bmihup ifpy fa m akon, fr sndj m trmdscksskfd mdj ent m

rnspfdsn.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >=

kv. Rnifvnry Znstkde7 Z`ks tnstkde jntnrckdns t`n mbkokty fa usnr tf rnifvnr

jmtm fr rn-stmrt systnc matnr amkourn. Afr nxmcpon, ofmj bmihup ifpy fa jmtm

mdj rnsucn prfinsskde wkt`fut jmtm fr kdtnerkty ofss.

v. \rfinjurn Znstkde7 Kt jntnrckdns t`n iomrkty fa jfiucndtmtkfd fd fpnrmtkfd

mdj usns fa systnc by `mvkde usnrs jf nxmitoy w`mt cmdumos rnqunst. Afr

nxmcpon, pfwnrkde jfwd systnc mt t`n ndj fa wnnh fr rnspfdjkde tf

pmpnr-fut oke`t fd prkdtnr.

vk. @ucmd Amitfrs Znstkde7 Kt jntnrckdns `fw usnrs wkoo usn t`n systnc w`nd

prfinsskde jmtm fr prnpmrkde rnpfrts.




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >2

IFYZ NYZKCMZKFD FA Z@N \RFGNIZ

Yfatwmrn ifst ifcprksns m scmoo pnrindtmen fa fvnrmoo ifcputnr-bmsnj systnc

ifst. Z`nrn mrn m ducbnr fa amitfrs, w`ki` mrn ifdskjnrnj, t`mt imd maanit t`n

uotkcmtn ifst fa t`n sfatwmrn sui` ms - `ucmd, tni`dkimo, @mrjwmrn mdj Yfatwmrn

mvmkombkokty nti.

Z`n cmkd pfkdt t`mt wms ifdskjnrnj jurkde t`n ifst nstkcmtkfd fa prfgnit wms kts

skzkde. Kd spktn fa ifcpontn sfatwmrn skzkde, auditkfd pfkdt mdj mpprfxkcmtn okdns

fa ifjn wnrn mosf usnj tf "skzn" nmi` noncndt fa t`n Yfatwmrn mdj t`nkr ifstkde.

Z`n ifst nstkcmtkfd jfdn by cn afr \rfgnit mosf jnpndj upfd t`n bmsnokdn

cntrkis ifoonitnj arfc pmst prfgnits mdj t`nsn wnrn usnj kd ifdguditkfd wkt`

nstkcmtkfd vmrkmbons tf jnvnofp ifst mdj naafrt prfgnitkfds.

Un `mvn bmskimooy nstkcmtnj t`ks prfgnit cmkdoy fd twf bmsns -

=) Naafrt Nstkcmtkfd - Z`ks rnanrs tf t`n tftmo cmd-`furs rnqukrnj afr t`n

jnvnofpcndt fa t`n prfgnit. Kt nvnd kdioujns t`n tkcn rnqukrnj afr jfkde

jfiucndtmtkfd mdj usnr cmdumo.

2) @mrjwmrn Rnqukrnj Nstkcmtkfd - Z`ks kdioujns t`n ifst fa t`n \Is mdj t`n

`mrjwmrn ifst rnqukrnj afr jnvnofpcndt fa t`ks prfgnit.





EMDZZ I@MRZ

Gmdumry Anbrumry Cmri`

Rnqukrncndt Emt`nrkde

Mdmoysks

Jnsked

Ifjkde

Znstkde

Kcponcndt

U= U2 U9 U: U= U2 U9 U: U= U2 U9 U:

Uk‐ s mrn wnnhs fa t`n cfdt`s, afr k 3=, 2, 9, :




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >:

@fcn \men




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >>

^snr Rnekstrmtkfd \men





^snr Ofekd \men





Afreft \msswfrj \men





Mjj Dnw Imr Afrc




\rfgnit Rnpfrt Fdokdn Imr Rndtmo Yystnc \men >;

Bffhkde Rnpfrt





Imr Bffhkde Afrc





Dnw Imr Ynmri` Afrc





Ifdtmit ^s Afrc





Imr Rnpfrtkde Afrc





Imr Okstkde \men




IFDIO^YKFD

Imr rndtmo buskdnss `ms ncnrenj wkt` m dnw effjkns ifcpmrnj tf t`n pmst nxpnrkndin w`nrn nvnry

mitkvkty ifdinrdkde imr rndtmo buskdnss ks okcktnj tf m p`yskimo ofimtkfd fdoy. Nvnd t`fue` t`n p`yskimo

ofimtkfd `ms dft bnnd tftmooy nrmjkimtnj8 t`n dmturn fa auditkfds mdj `fw t`nsn auditkfds mrn mi`knvnj

`ms bnnd rns`mpnj by t`n pfwnr fa kdtnrdnt. Dfwmjmys, iustfcnrs imd rnsnrvn imrs fdokdn, rndt imr

fdokdn, mdj `mvn t`n imr brfue`t tf t`nkr jffr stnp fdin t`n iustfcnr ks m rnekstnrnj cncbnr fr ef tf

t`n faakin tf pkih t`n imr.

Z`n wnb bmsnj imr rndtmo systnc `ms faanrnj md mjvmdtmen tf bft` iustfcnrs ms wnoo ms Imr Rndtmo

Ifcpmdy tf naakikndtoy mdj naanitkvnoy cmdmen t`n buskdnss mdj smtksakns iustfcnrs‛ dnnj mt t`n iokih fa

m buttfd.

Auturn sifpn mdj aurt`nr nd`mdincndt fa t`n prfgnit7

Zfjmy, t`n cmrhnt pomin ks aoffjnj wkt` snvnrmo imr rndtmo fptkfds afr s`fppnrs tf i`ffsn arfc. M vmrknty

fa kddfvmtkvn prfjuits mdj snrvkins mrn bnkde faanrnj spfkokde iustfcnrs afr i`fkin. Fdokdn imr rndtmo

systnc ks df cfrn m prkvkonen ndgfynj by yfur arkndjs mdj amckoy. Zfjmy, kt ks m rnmokty kd Kdjkm. Kd t`n omst

ifupon fa ynmrs, t`n erfwt` fa imr rndtmo systnc kdjustry kd Kdjkm `ms bnnd p`ndfcndmo ms cfrn

s`fppnrs `mvn stmrtnj jksifvnrkde t`n bndnakts fa uskde t`ks pomtafrc. Z`nrn ks ndfue` sifpn afr fdokdn

buskdnssns kd t`n auturn ka t`ny udjnrstmdj t`n Kdjkmd s`fppnrs psyi`n mdj imtnr tf t`nkr dnnjs.

Bkbokfermp`y7

Bffhs ̂ snj7

Yfatwmrn Ndekdnnrkde - R.Y. \rnsscmd

\@\ Afr Jucckns

\@\ Bnekdnnrs Eukjn By CiErmw`koo \ubokimtkfd

Gmvmsirkpt By CiErmw`koo \ubokimtkfd

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