Photosynthesis

Photo + Synthesis

• Photo = ?• Synthesis = ?

http://s3.amazonaws.com/picable/2009/04/17/885193_Photosynthesis-How-it-Works-LightDependent-Reactions-amp-Calvin-Cycle_620.jpg

From its name, what do you think mean?

http://www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/ib_ecosystems/imagesetc/food_web.gif

http://s3.amazonaws.com/picable/2009/04/17/885193_Photosynthesis-How-it-Works-LightDependent-Reactions-amp-Calvin-Cycle_620.jpg

Guess the message of this slide

Are plants the only organisms that can carry out photosynthesis?

http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/media/ch10/10_02Photoautotrophs.jpg

Science Golden Rule

• Law of Conservation of Energy– energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it

can only be transformed from one state to another

Q: Describe the energy transformation that takes place in photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Glucose, Water, ATP, Light

1. Choose words from the above list to write the word equation for cellular respiration.

2. Choose words from the above list to write the word equation for photosynthesis.

3. What do you notice?

Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

Oxygen + Glucose Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light Oxygen + Glucose

(Chemical energy in organic compound)

(Chemical energy )

(Chemical energy in organic compound)

(Light energy)

Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light 6 O2 + C6H12O6

Light

http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Portugal/South/Lisboa/Massama/photo133016.htm

What colour would you describe this light?

http://www.insidesocal.com/friendlyfire/rainbow-too.jpg

http://www.andybrain.com/sciencelab/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/cd-spinner-3.jpg

A Spectrum of Colour

http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/phys135d/modules/m10/images/prism.jpg

All come from white light

http://cronodon.com/sitebuilder/images/spectrum.jpg

Light detectable by human eyes

http://www.wwu.edu/depts/skywise/img/light_spectrum.bmp

Lightwaves, wavelength

How do we see colours?

http://learn.uci.edu/media/OC08/11004/OC0811004_Red.jpg

How do we see colours?

http://www.factmonster.com/images/ESCI122COLOUR008.jpg

Red apple reflects red light

and absorbs other colours

http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/images/apple_reflection.jpg

Light enters the eye, signals are sent to the brain, colours are interpreted

Visible light is only the waves the human eyes can see

Infrared

http://www.centurionservices.com/images/infrared.jpg

Ultraviolet

http://www.maplin.co.uk/images/Full/mw36p.jpg

X-ray

http://sleevage.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/homer_simpson_xray.jpg

Microwave

http://www.sailorsams.com/images/contoure_microwave_cm7060S.jpg

http://www.colourtherapyhealing.com/colour/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg

What colour does a leaf reflect? What colours does it absorb?

http://www.factmonster.com/images/ESCI122COLOUR008.jpghttp://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/images/apple_reflection.jpg

Red apple reflects red light

and absorbs

other colours

http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/3394/4513chestnut_leaf.jpg

3.8.3, 3.8.4Absorption Spectrum

http://www.vernier.com/caliper/fall06/images/chlorophyll_large.jpg

http://www.shortcourses.com/images/b4ch4/greenobject.jpg

Chlorophyll

3.8.3 Chlorophyll as pigment

Absorption SpectrumLight absorbed by plants

Action SpectrumLight used for photosynthesis

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/PlantHormones/Nutrition/706.GIF

8.2.7

Details of Photosynthesis

• Many similarities to cellular respiration!• Familiar terms:

– H+ (protons), electrons, NADP+, NADPH, electron transport chain, ATP, ADP, phosphates, ATP synthase, proton gradient, chemiosmosis

– (Go revise cellular respiration first! You’ll feel more confident.)

http://www.caribbeanedu.com/images/kewl/photosynthesis.gif

Q: How does plant obtain water?

Identify in this diagram Assessment Statements 3.8.5 and 3.8.6

http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/photosynthesis3.jpgInside the chloroplast

Identify in this diagram Assessment Statements 3.8.5 and 3.8.6

http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/photosynthesis3.jpgInside the chloroplast

8.2.1, 8.2.6

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/assets/learn_its/alevel/biology/cells-and-organelles/organelles/chloroplast-b.gif

http://cfcc.edu/faculty/dnorris/pdf/photosynthesis.jpg

8.2.3

8.2.4

8.2.5 Light-independent Reaction/ Calvin Cycle1. Carbon dioxide is "fixed" or attached to a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose

biphosphate (RuBP) – by the enzyme ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo)

2. Produce a 6-carbon sugar similar to the sugar glucose. Each (unstable) 6 carbon molecules splits into 2 (3 Carbon compounds) known as Glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) which is an acid.

3. ATP and NADPH used to convert GP to sugar Triose Phosphate (TP, a.k.a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, G3P)

4. TP can be removed from the cycle and used for the formation of larger carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose and starch.

5. 3 RuBP is regenerated from the every 5 remaining TP. (3 x 5C = 5 x 3C)

(GP)

= Triose Phosphate (TP)

Factors affecting rate of photosynthesis

3.8.8, 8.2.8 Where have you seen a similar graph before?

http://click4biology.info/c4b/3/images/3.8/temperature.gif

3.8.8, 8.2.8 Where have you seen a similar graph before?

http://www.skoool.ie/skoool/uploadedImages/contentimages/graph2.gifhttp://www.spsbiology.info/Learning%20exercises/Photosynthesis%20mulitchoice/CO2%20limiting.gif