PHOTOSYNTHESISReview Questions

Organisms that make their own food are called _____________.

Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs.

Organisms that eat autotrophs are called ____________.

Organisms that eat autotrophs are called heterotrophs.

Organisms that cannot make their own food are called ___________.

Organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs.

The activities of the cell are powered by ________ _____.

The activities of the cell are powered by chemical fuels.

One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is _________ __________.

One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is adenosine triphosphate.

What is the difference between ADP and ATP?

ADP has only two phosphate groups while ATP has three.

How does a cell store and release energy as needed?

A cell stores energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP and releases energy by removing a phosphate group from ATP to make ADP

How do cells use energy provided by ATP?

In active transport processes such as the Na-K pump and in the movement of cell organelles.

Why do cells have only a small amount of ATP?

ATP doesn’t store a large amount of energy.

Roughly, how much more energy does one molecule of glucose have than one molecule of ATP?

90 times

This is the process that plants use energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates.

photosynthesis

What scientist performed experiments in the 1600’s in order to determine where a trees’ mass came from?

Jan van Helmont

What scientist discovered that plants produced oxygen?

Joseph Priestley

Jan Ingenhousz proved that photosynthesis required _____.

Jan Ingenhousz proved that photosynthesis required light.

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called ________.

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called pigments.

The plants’ principal pigment is called ___________.

The plants’ principal pigment is called chlorophyll.

Why are plants green?

The chlorophyll in plants does not absorb light well in the green region of the spectrum. The green wavelengths are reflected.

How well would a plant grow under the presence of yellow light?

It wouldn’t grow very well at all. Chlorophyll a and b need to absorb light in the blue and red part of the visible spectrum respectively.

Inside of the chloroplasts are saclike photosynthetic membranes called _________.

Inside of the chloroplasts are saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids.

Stacks of thylakoids are called _____.

Stacks of thylakoids are called grana.

Into what two stages do scientists divide photosynthesis?

Light dependent and light independent reactions

Where do light dependent reactions take place?

In the thylakoid membranes which are in the chloroplasts.

Where does the Calvin cycle, or the light independent reactions, take place?

In the stroma, the region outside of the thylakoid membrane.

Cells use ________ ________ to transfer high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.

Cells use electron carriers to transfer high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.

A _______ ________ is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them to another molecule.

A carrier molecule is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them to another molecule.

What is NADP+ able to accept?

Two high energy electrons and a H+ ion.

What do the light dependent reactions produce?

Oxygen gas, ATP, and NADPH

What are the reactants for the light dependent reactions?

ADP and NADH+

What does the Calvin cycle remove from the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide

What does the Calvin cycle produce?

carbohydrates

A _______ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius.

A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius.

The Calorie that is used on food labels is a ___________.

The Calorie that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie.

________ ___________ is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

What is the first reaction in cellular respiration?

What is the first reaction in cellular respiration?

glycolysis

The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid.

The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis

How many molecules of ATP does glycolysis produce?

How many molecules of ATP does glycolysis produce? 2

Glycolysis can provide energy to cells when ______ is not available.

Glycolysis can provide energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

What does glycolysis break down?

What does glycolysis break down? glucose

A process of glycolysis that releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

A process of glycolysis that releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

Fermentation

Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be _________.

Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic.

What are the two main types of fermentation?

What are the two main types of fermentation?

Alcoholic and lactic acid

The buildup of ______ ____ causes a painful, burning sensation in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

The buildup of lactic acid causes a painful, burning sensation in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

_______ is the element that is necessary for the final steps of cellular respiration.

Oxygen is the element that is necessary for the final steps of cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is said to be _______ because it requires oxygen.

Cellular respiration is said to be aerobic because it requires oxygen.

The second stage of cellular respiration is the _____ ______.

The second stage of cellular respiration is the Krebs cycle.

What is the first compound formed in the Krebs cycle?

What is the first compound formed in the Krebs cycle?

Citric acid

The _______ _________ _____ uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

The electron transport chain uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain enable the cell to produce ___ more ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain enable the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

What are the final wastes of cellular respiration?

What are the final wastes of cellular respiration?

Water and carbon dioxide