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Micro Hydro Power
• Adapted from:
–Don Harris
–Practical Action
–Appropedia
–Energy Information Administration
Most of that 3% is from large hydroelectric plants
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sayano-Shushenskaya_hydroelectric_station.jpg
Size Power Output Typical Use
Large >10MW Usually part of a large grid.
Small 1MW-10MW Usually grid intertied. (up to 50MW in Canada[1])
Mini 100kW-1,000kW (1MW) Community and industry. Often grid intertied.
Micro 1kW-100kW
Small low energy consuming community, small industry, rural high energy consuming household. Usually off-grid.
Pico <1kW
Radio tower, low energy consuming household, charging station. Almost always off grid.
Classification
Size Power Output Large >10MW
Small 1MW-10MW
Mini 100kW-1,000kW (1MW)
Micro 1kW-100kW
Pico <1kW
What does that look like?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gluehlampe_01_KMJ.png
• Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe
• The power of water electrifies remote Andean villages – Practical Action Peru
• Turgo Turbines
Micro Hydro
•Small in scale
•Minimum environmental impact
•Site specific: you must have the resource
•Affordable
•Consistent: Produces continuously, 24/7
Don Harris
High head Medium head Low head
Impulse turbines Pelton TurgoMulti-jet Pelton
cross-flow multi-jet Pelton Turgo
cross-flow
Reaction turbines Francis
Pump-as-turbine
(PAT)
propeller Kaplan
Classification of turbine types. Source: Micro-hydro Design Manual, IT Publications, 1993
Types of Systems
Turbines are turned by water.
That turning motion drives a generator which produced electricity.
Don Harris
The IntakeDiverting clean water into the penstock
Screen
Start of Penstock
Steam Flow
The intake’s job:
Filter and Settle
Build it either:Simple and easy
to repairOr
Bullet-proof
Don Harris
The IntakeDiverting clean water into the penstock
Screen Start of Penstock
Steam Flow
A dirty creek
may need more
settling time
Overflow
Don Harris
Burying Pipe
• Burying a pipe line removes the biggest eyesore of a hydro scheme.
• It is vital to ensure a buried penstock is properly and meticulously installed– subsequent problems such
as leaks are much harder to detect and rectify.
Don Harris
Penstock Support SystemPVC likes to stay straight
HDPE can follow the contour of the ground
Don Harris
Alternative Power & Machine
• Economy models• Permanent magnet units• Accessories• Exercise Bicycle Type Battery
Chargers, etc.• Niche: Ease of maintenance
and adjustment
www.apmhydro.com
Don Harris