Photography

The ages of the camera from analogue to digital.

Classic Camera

The name of this camera is the PROMINENT.

Launched in 1932 by Voigtlander Germany

A photo by the A photo by the PROMINENTPROMINENT

State of the art 35mm State of the art 35mm cameracamera Nikon F55Nikon F55, a 35mm , a 35mm

camera.camera. This camera has digital This camera has digital

components but is not components but is not a digital camera.a digital camera.

The digital components The digital components remove red-eye, auto-remove red-eye, auto-focus, timer, and focus, timer, and exposure control to exposure control to take the best possible take the best possible photo under any kind photo under any kind of weather.of weather.

State of the art Digital Camera

The Canon EOS-1D is at the moment one of the best digital cameras in the world.

It has a 8.2 megapixel CMOS sensor.

The CMOS sensor can even auto-focus, decide whether to use flash or not, remove red-eye, also improves colour and picture quality.

Used for professional photographers.

Analyze components of Canon EOS-1D

memory

lens

batteries CMOS sensor

OutputsData, Address & Control Bus

A Budget Digital Camera The HP PhotoSmart

435, a 3.3megapixel camera.

5x digital zoom 16mb internal memory,

plus expansion slot for memory cards

1.5-inch LCD screen Built-in flash with auto,

forced on/off, red-eye reduction, and night modes

CMOS and CCD sensors Both CCD and CMOS image sensors

start at the same point -- they have to convert light into electrons at the photosites.

CMOS vs. CCD

CMOS CCDMore susceptible to noise

High-quality, low-noise images

Light sensitivity is lower

Light sensitivity is higher

Cheaper More expensive

Lower quality pixels

higher quality pixels

Consumes little power

Consumes lots of power (about 100times more)

CMOS Sensor

CCD Sensor

Digitizing Information(1) In order to digitize the information, the signal

must be passed through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Interpolation is handled by a microprocessor after the data has been digitized. Think of each photo site as a bucket or a well, and think of the photons of light as raindrops. As the raindrops fall into the bucket, water accumulates (in reality, electrical charge accumulates). Some buckets have more water and some buckets have less water, representing brighter and darker sections of the image. Sticking to the analogy, the ADC measures the depth of the water, which is considered analog information. Then it converts that information to binary form.

Digitizing Information(2)

Cool Facts In the United States, there is roughly one camera for

every adult. With a 3-megapixel camera, you can take a higher-

resolution picture than most computer monitors can display.

You can use your Web browser to view digital pictures taken using the JPEG format.

The first consumer-oriented digital cameras were sold by Kodak and Apple in 1994.

In 1998, Sony inadvertently sold over 700,000 camcorders with a limited ability to see through clothes.

You can use various software programs to "stitch" together a series of digital pictures to create a large panorama.