Photography 101
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Transcript of Photography 101
Photography 101For People That Like Fish Tanks
Content, Design, Photos - Joshua Gunder
Tonight’s DiscussionIntroduction
Key Photographic Principles Composition
Exposure Focus
Macro Photography
Aquarium Photography
Conclusion
IntroductionWho am I?
Not a Professional, Just Josh!
I Reserve The Right to be … Most Certainly Boring, Potentially Educational
Let me Know If You Already Know This Stuff We Can Watch TV or Watch Mike Kill Corals
Not into Photography? I Won’t be Hurt if You Leave. Just Wait For Me to Turn Around Please
Key Photographic PrinciplesAre Universal Regardless of Subject
Composition What is in The Scene and Where
Exposure Lighting, Film Speed,
Shutter Speed, Aperture
Focus What?
If these 3 are good,
your photo should be good
CompositionFrame The PictureCorrect Focal
LengthZoom in/outMove close/far
Wait For The Scene
Stony Corals Are Stiller
Get Close / PersonalDon’t Chop Off Parts
CompositionRule of Thirds
Intersecting Lines/Points on a 3x3 Grid
Creates a More Interesting Scene
Give the Subject Room to Move
Exposure - OverviewHow the Camera “Exposes” The Media to Light
Media is in The DarkUntil The Camera BlinksThen Camera Gets to See What’s In Front of It
How Much Light the Media Sees is Determined byHow Long The Camera Blinks (Shutter Speed)How Wide The Camera Blinks (Aperture)
Sensitivity of the Media can Also be Set (Film Speed)
Exposure – Overview ContExposure is the Most Important AND Difficult
You Don’t Really Know it Ahead of TimeYou Find Out Standing in Line at Costco
Cameras Have Light Meters ThatRead/Report Available LightReading it Helps You Set Shutter and Aperture
Auto Exposure / Program ModeCamera Read its Own Meter and
Sets Shutter Speed For You Sets Aperture For You Sets Film Speed (if a digital camera)
Exposure – “Film” Speed
High (ISO 400 – 800)Pros
Requires Less Light Allows Faster Shutter Allows Smaller Aperture
Cons More Noise Image May Not Enlarge Well
Low (ISO 100-200)Cons
Requires More Light Requires Slower Shutter Requires Larger Aperture
Pros Less Noise Image Will Enlarge Well
Establishes How Sensitive the Media is to LightConstrains Shutter Speed and Aperture
Most Digital Cameras Have Auto ISO Mode Increases Film Speed For You if Not Enough Light
Exposure - Shutter SpeedHow Long Camera Blinks in SecondsAt 1/4000th - Freeze a Hummingbird’s Wings
in FlightAt 1/60th - Please Don’t Sneeze Honey1/120th - Good Minimum For Fish PhotosShutter Priority Mode
You Specify Shutter and Camera Picks Aperture
Shutter Speed and ApertureAre Dysfunctional SpousesDependent But in Conflict
Exposure - ApertureSize of Camera’s Eye - Denoted by f-stopLow # Larger Eye (f 1.4)
Lots of Light Reaching Media Shallower Plane of Focus Requires a Faster Shutter Speed
High # Smaller Eye (f 16) Not Much Light Reaching Media Deeper Plane of Focus Require a Slower Shutter Speed
Aperture Priority ModeYou Specify Aperture and
Camera Picks Shutter Speed
Exposure - White BalanceCamera Trying to Make White Look White
Your 6500K Light May Yellow The Scene Camera Tries To Turn Whites Back to White
Auto White Balance ModeIs a Crapshoot
Works Well in Higher-End Cameras Not so Much in Lower-End Cameras
If Photo Looks Too Blue or Too YellowAdjust the White Balance Mode
Exposure - Putting it All TogetherShutter Speed and Aperture
Are Holding Your Photograph’s Exposure Hostage
Shutter Speed
Aperture
Typical Aquarium PhotoTo Expose Media to Enough Light a Low f Stop Was Used,
Thus the Focal Plan is Shallow and Anything Behind The Fish is Blurry
Exposure - CheatingDigital Cameras Have LCD Screens
We Can See Right Away if Photo Has Good Exposure
Digital Cameras Show Histograms
The Darkness or Brightness of Pixels in The PhotoToo Much on Left Too Much of Image is DarkToo Much on Right Too Much of Image is Light
Exposure - Final WordsOK to Sacrifice Background Exposure
For Good Foreground/Subject ExposureDon’t Use a Direct Flash
You Can’t Recharge an Anemone
WAKE UP
NEMO!!
FocusAuto Focus in Most
CasesA Slow Focusing Camera
Means Blurry PhotosStandard PAS Camera
Slower FocusingNot so Good For Fish
Manual Focusing Only in Some Scenarios
Night Photos Whole Tank Shots
Macro PhotographyBig Pictures of Tiny Things
High-End SLR Cameras Can Use Macro Lenses
Low-End Cameras Have Macro Mode Built-inWorks Surprisingly Well on Many Camera
Steadiness is The KeyPlace Camera on a Surface
Edge of Table, Tripod if You Have One
Aquarium PhotographyGet Entire Tank in The Shot
Stand at an Angle to Side of Tank to Fit it All In (if needed)
Use a Slower Film Speed (ISO 200) You Want to be Able to Make a Poster of This Thing Right?
Use a Tripod or Hold Really Steady In a Full Tank Shot From an Angle Perspective
Refraction and Diffraction is expected and Tolerable
Must Have Enough Light in Tank to Expose For A Medium Shutter Speed 1/60th - 1/180th
A Medium Aperture f 5.6-8 or Higher if at an Angle So Entire Tank is in Focus
If You Want External Surfaces Visible Be Careful Not To Add Reflections On Glass
ConclusionClean The GlassHalides Provide Good Lighting For PhotosStart with Corals / Fish Too Fast For Most PAS
CamerasFrame the Subject / Lens Perpendicular to
Tank WallCheap Cameras Focus SlowlyExposure is The KeyHigh-End Camera = Superior Exposure / Focus
ControlWhen All Else Fails Photoshop!
Questions?