Photo Credits

Fig.2.2 Ajinomoto, Inter-Technology Guide, Brochure, undated, page 2/3 (J) Fig. 2.3 The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Profile, undated, p. 5 (J IE) Fig.2.4 Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Fuji Laboratories, Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 2.5 Ciba Geigy International Research Laboratories, Brochure, undated, back cover (J) Fig.2.6 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Innovation for

Tommorow, Brochure, October 1989, inside cover (J) Fig. 2.7 Photograph courtesy of Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Fig. 2.8 The Green Cross Corporation, Green Cross Central Research Laboratories,

Brochure, December 1988, p. 3 (J IE) Fig.2.9 Hayashibara Group, Brochure, September 1988, p. 23/24 (E) Fig. 2.10 Hitachi, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (J) Fig. 2.11 Hoechst, Hoechst in Kawagoe, Brochure, undated, p. 2 (J) Fig. 2.12 Japan Synthetic Rubber, Tsukuba Research Center, Brochure, May 1989, cover (J) Fig. 2.13 Photograph courtesy of Kansai Paint Fig. 2.14 Kao, R&D Activities at Kao, Brochure, undated, p. 2 (E/J) Fig. 2.15 Kirin Biotechnology, Leaflet Collection, undated, unpaginated (E) Fig. 2.16 Komatsu, Research Division, Brochure, January 1990, p. 2 (J/E) Fig. 2.17 Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Brochure, May 1989, p. 13 (E) Fig. 2.18 Kyowa, Kyowa Hakko's R&D, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (J/E) Fig. 2.19 Lion Corporation, Annual Report 1988, p. 6 (E). Original photograph courtesy of

Lion Co. Fig. 2.20 Meiji Milk Products, Meiji, Brochure, undated, p. 6/7 (E) Fig. 2.21 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Research and Development,Brochure, January

1990, p. 180 (E/J) Fig. 2.22 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd., Bioscience Research Center, Brochure,

February 1986, p. 3 (J/E) Fig. 2.23 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Annual Report 1989, p. 10 (E) Fig. 2.24 Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Human Health Research for the 21st Century,

Brochure, undated, inside cover (J IE) Fig. 2.25 Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Brochure, undated, p. 8 (J) Fig. 2.26 Nippon Roche Research Center, Brochure, undated, p. 18 (E/J) Fig. 2.27 Nippon Mining, In Quest of Main Stream of Biotechnology, Bioscience Research

Laboratories, Brochure, undated, p. 1 (E) Fig. 2.28 Nitto Chemicals, Brochure, undated, p. 4 (J) Fig. 2.29 Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka Research Now, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 2.30 Sankyo Co., Ltd., A Guide to New Research Buildings, undated, p. 5 and 6 (E) Fig. 2.31 Snow Brand Embryo Transplantation Laboratory, Brochure, undated, p. 8 (J IE) Fig. 2.32 Suntory Pharmaceutical Division, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 2.33 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., R&D Activities at TaKeda, Brochure, undated, p.

19 (J/E) Fig. 2.34 Teijin Ltd., Brochure, undated, p. 5 (E)

724

Fig. 2.35 Toyobo Power, Brochure, April 1989, p. 15 (EjJ) Fig. 2.36 Unitika, R&D Center, Brochure, undated, back cover (J) Fig. 2.37 Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Guide to Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Company,

undated, unpaginated (J) Fig. 2.38 Yakult Central Research Institute, Brochure, October 1988, p. 5 (E) Fig. 2.39 Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1989 Company Guide, Brochure, p. 7 (JjE)

Fig.4.1 RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Ann. Report, June 1989, p. 2 (E)

Fig. 4.3 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Folder Titel (E) Fig. 4.4 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Brochure 1986, p. 18 (J) Fig.4.5 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Brochure 1990, p. 17 (J) Fig. 4.6 Fermentation Research Institute, Brochure, undated, inside cover (J jE) Fig.4.7 National Chemical Laboratory for Industry, Brochure, undated, cover (JjE) Fig. 4.8 Directory of the Tsukuba Institutional Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture,

Forestry, and Fisheries, undated, cover (E) Fig.4.9 Science and Technology Agency (STA), National Laboratories and Research Public

Corporations in Japan, Brochure 1987, p. (E) Fig. 4.11 National Institute for Agrobiological Resources, Brochure, March 1989 (E) Fig. 4.11 National Institute of Agroenvironmental Science, Brochure, July 1988, cover (J) Fig. 4.12 The National Cancer Center 1989, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 4.13 Science and Technology Agency (STA), National Laboratories and Research Public

Corporations in Japan, Brochure 1987, p. (E) Fig. 4.14 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brochure, undated, p.2 (E) Fig. 4.15 National Laboratories and Research Public-Corporations in Japan, Science and

Technology Agency, p. 21 (E) Fig. 4.16 Key-Tec News, 1986j10jNo. 1, p. 7 (J) Fig. 4.17 Key-Tec News, 1988j3jNo. 5, p. 3 (J) Fig. 4.18 Research Center for The Industrial Utilization of Marine Organisms, Corporate

Profile, undated, back cover (E) Fig. 4.19 Marine Biotechnology Research Association, Sohgen Maru, Brochure, August 1989

(JjE) Fig. 4.21 Osaka Bioscience Institute OBI, Brochure, March 1989, p. 1 (E) Fig. 4.22 Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Opening the Gates of Life Science,

Brochure, undated, p. 1 (E). Original photograph courtesy of Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences

Fig. 4.23 The Kitasato Institute, Brochure, undated, p. 3 (E)

Fig.5.1 Monbusho 1989, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Government of Japan, Brochure, p. 16 (E)

Fig. 5.3 Science and International Affairs Bureau, Monbusho, Research Cooperation between Universities and Industry, Brochure, undated, p. 20 (E). Original photograph courtesy of Mr. Ohyama

Fig.5.5 Prefectural Government of Miyagi, Tohoku University. Brochure, undated Fig. 5.7 Tokyo Institute of Technology 1985, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 5.8 The University of Tokyo 1985, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 5.9 Monbusho, Okazaki National Research Institutes. Brochure, 1988 (I jE) Fig. 5.10 National Institute of Genetics 1989, Brochure, cover (EjI) Fig. 5.13 Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brochure, undated, back inside cover (J)

Fig. 7.2 Tsukuba Research Consortium, post card Fig. 7.5 RIKEN - The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Frontier Research

Program, Brochure, November 1987, p. 15 (I)

725

Fig. 7.12 National Research and Development Program, Aqua Renaissance '90 Project, undated, unpaginated (E)

Fig. 7.16 RAP AD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E)

Fig. 7.17 RAP AD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E)

Fig. 7.18 RAP AD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E)

Fig. 8.11 RIKEN - The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Japan Collection of Microorganisms, Brochure, undated, cover (E)

Fig. 8.12 Fermentation Research Institute, Patent Microorganism Depository, Brochure, ndated, cover (E)

Fig. 8.15 National Institute of Abrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gene Bank for a more prosperous and fruitful future, Brochure, undated, cover (E)

Fig. 8.16 National Institute of Abrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gene Bank for a more prosperous and fruitful future, Brochure, undated, p. 7 (E)

Fig. 8.17 National Laboratories and Research Public-Corporations in Japan, Part II, Science and Technology Agency, p. 6 (E)

Fig. 9.1 PR Committee, Tsukuba Science City, Tsukuba Science City, Research Institutes and Universities, Brochure, July 1987, p. 3

Fig. 9.2 Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, AIST Tsukuba Research Center, Brochure, undated, p. 1 (EjJ)

Fig. 9.3 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directory of the Tsukuba Institutional Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Brochure, undated, cover

Fig. 9.4 PR Committee, Tsukuba Science City, Tsukuba Science City, Research Institutes and Universities, Brochure, July 1987, p. 3

Fig. 9.7 Senri Life Science Center, Senri LC, Brochure, undated Fig. 9.9 R. D. Schmid, Japanische Wissenschaftsstaedte, Chemie in unserer Zeit 22 (5): 149-

161 (1988), VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim (G) Fig. 9.10 Kumamoto Prefecture Technopolis Center: Kumamoto Technopolis. Brochure,

undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.11 Okayama Prefecture, Planning and Development Office: Kibikogen City. Brochure,

undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.12 Sendai North Nucleus Business District Association: Sendai North Nucleus Business

District. Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.13 Kurume Research Park Office, Kurume Research Park. Brochure, April 1989, cover

(J)

Index of Abbreviations

AFP AGRIS AIDS AMS ANP ANRE APA ASEAN ASPRONC ATCC ATL ATLA ATP BIDEC BRAIN CEA CHOC CGIAR CSF DDBJ DNA DO EGF EIA EMBL EPO ERATO FlLP FRG FY GDP GILSP GMD GNP h-, H-HB HCG HFSP HFSPO HIV HLA

Alpha-FetoProtein International Information System for Agricultural Sciences and Technology Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Advanced Medical Information System Atrio-Natriuretic Peptide Agency for New Resources and Energy AminoPenicillanic Acid Association of South East Asian Nations Association for the Promotion of New Chemistry American Type Culture Collection Adult T-cell Leukemia Anti Thymic Leukemia Antigen Adenosine TriPhosphate BIoindustry DEvelopment Corporation Bio-oriented technology Research Advancement INstitution CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Consultative Group on International Research Colony Stimulating Factor DNA Data Bank of Japan DesoxyriboNucleic Acid Dissolved Oxygen Epidermal Growth Factor Enzyme Immuno Assay European Molecular Biology Laboratory ErythroPOyetin Exploratory Research for Advanced TechnolOgy Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme Federal Republic of Germany Fiscal Year Gross Domestic Product Good Industrial Large Scale Practice Gesellschaft fUr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung Gross National Product human Hepatitis B Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Human Frontier Science Program Human Frontier Science Organization Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Lymphocyte Antigen

HPLC lAP IBPGR IFO IgE IgG IL IMSR ISO ITC JAICI JAMSTEC Japan Key Tec JAPIC JAPATIC JAPIO JASI JBA JCM JCRB JOB JET JETRO JFCC JICST JIS JISC JISTEC JOIS JRDC JSA JSPS LDC LDL m-MAFF MBI MHW Mm MONBUSHO NACSIS NDL NEDO NEEDS NIBS NIE NIHS Nikkei NRIB NTT OBI OECD

High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Intracisternal A Particle International Board for Plant Genetic Resources Institute for Fermentation, Osaka Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin G InterLeukin Information Management Service and Research International Standardization Organization Industrial Technology Council JApan Institute for Chemical Information JApan Marine Science and TEchnology Center Japan Key Technology Center JApan Pharmaceutical Information Center JApan PATent Information Center JApan Patent Information Organization Japanese Agricultural Sciences Index Japan Bioindustry Association Japan Collection of Microorganisms Japan Cancer Research resources Bank Japan Development Bank Japan Exchange and Teaching program Japan External TRade Organization Japan Federation of Culture Collections Japan Information Center on Science and Technology Japan Industrial Standard Japan Industrial Standards Committee Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center Japan On-line Information System Japan Research Development Corporation Japan Standards Association Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Low Developed Countries Low Density Lipoprotein mouse Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Marine Biotechnology Institute Ministry of Health and Welfare Ministry of International Trade and Industry Ministry of Education, Science and Culture NAtional Center for Science Information System National Diet Library New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization Nikkei ElEctronic Data System Nippon Institute of Biological Sciences Newly Industrialized Economies National Institute of Hygienic Sciences Nihon Keizai Shinbun National Research Institute of Brewing National Telephone and Telegraph Osaka Bioscience Institute Organization of EConomic Development

727

728

OTC PATOLIS PERI PSTI PTH R&D RAPAD RCAST rDNA RECRAS RFLP RIA RIIffiN RITE RNA SCP SOD STA STN TGF TIS TNF TPA, t-PA TSH TV UNEP USA USSR WFCC

Over The Counter PATent On-Line System Protein Engineering Research Institute Pancreatic Serum Trypsin Inhibitor Parathyroid hormone Research and Development Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology recombinant DNA Retrieval System for Current Research in the Agricultural Sciences Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RadioImmuno Assay Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Research Institute for Technology on the global Environment RiboNucleic Acid Single-Cell Protein Superoxide dismutase Science and Technology Agency Scientific and Technical information Network Transforming Growth Factor Toyo Information System Tumor necrosis factor Tissue plasminogen activator Thyroid Stimulating Aantigen TeleVision United Nations Environment Program United States of America Union of the Social Soviet Republics World Federation of Culture Collections

Index of Names

Abe, Shin-ichi 56 Aomi, Jun-ichi 294 Abe, Shinya 171 Aoyama, Yasuhiro 450 Abe, Takashi 125 Arai, Mamoru 223 Abe, Yasuhisa 72 Arai, Takao 410 Adachi, Shoji 520 Arai, Taketoshi 422 Adachi, Shuji 464 Arakawa, Eitaro 40 Agematsu, Junichi 201 Araki, Hideyuki 221 Aiba, Takaaki 132 Araki, Mikio 488 Aihara, Yuzo 453 Arami,Osamu 498,499 Aisaka, N. 336 Arano, Kojiro 471 Aizawa, Hideyuki 293 Arao, Yasuichi 301 Aizawa, Masao 428 Ariga, Hiroyoshi 390 Aizawa, Noboru 162 Arima, Akito 317 Akamatsu, Yuzuru 350, 351 Arima, Iratsato 435 Akano, Toru 111 Asada, Taiji 497 Akao, Mitaro 405 Asada, Toshio 425 Akasawa, Takashi 454 Asahi, Tadashi 453 Akatsuka, Joe S. 177 Asai, Tsuneo 294 Akazawa, Haruo 172 Asami, Takaaki 541 Akazawa, Osamu 64 Asano, Katsuyuki 260 Akimoto, Hajime 361 Asano, Makshige 358 Akiyama, Yuuichi 573 Asano, Rou 494 Akutsu, Seiichi 231 Ashida, Tamakazu 453 Albertini, Alberto 565 Atsuji, Yuuji 332 Amano, Hiroyuki 66 Atsumi, Hirotaka 94 Amano, Keisuke 536 Ayuzawa, Hiroshi 458 Amano, Yoshifumi 467 Bajo, Takehiko 460 Amanuma, Hiroshi 328 Bando, Mao 72 Amari, Shun-ichi 300,566 Bannen, Toru 437 Amemiya, Hiroshi 353 Beppu, Teruhiko 312,438 Ameyama, Hiroshi 509 Boycott, B. B. 565 Anato, Kazuo 427,429 Bujard, Hermann 565 Ando, Tadahiko 418 Cape, Ronald 566 Ando, Tsuyoshi 392 Chiba, Akira 271 Angei, Kenji 507 Chiba, Hideo 526 Anraku, Yasuhiro 456 Chiba, Kaoru 89 Anzai, Shigeru 508 Chiba, Seiya 387 Aoki, Kiyoshi 318, 423 Chiba, Takeshi 421 Aoki, Mikio 38 Chihara, Mitsuo 533 Aoki, Shohei 344 Chikano, Takahide 227 Aoki, Y ousuke 358 Chino, Fumitoshi 350,351

730

Cynader, Max 565 Fukuda,Suguru 445 Date, T. 661 Fukui, Fumio 242 Dhara, Makoto 285 Fukui, Kenichi 317 Doerfler, Walter 565 Fukui, Masanobu 350 Do~ Seiji 92 Fukui, Saburo 570 Ebashi, Setsuro 294, 457, 566 Fukui, Sakuzo 511 Ebina, Yosuke 507 Fuk~ Toshiro 495 Egami, Nobuo 544 Fukushima, Tatsu 471 Eguchi, Masaharu 473 Fukutom~ Kazuo 358 Eij~ Shinichiro 394 Fukuya, Kiyoshi 107 Enatsu, Tadashi 228 Fumimaro, Takaku 312 Endo, Akira 433 Funada, Tadashi 184 Endo, Isao 325 Funatsu, Masaru 513 Endo, Mamoru 141 Fur~ Tetsuhiko 522 Endo,Sho 520 Furui~ Yasuhiro 186 Enomoto, Masatoshi 502 Furukawa, Hiroshi 202 Fasella, Paolo 566 Furukawa,Kellchiro 255 Fedorof, Nina 566 Furusaka, Choseki 540 Fowa, Kellchiro 361 Furusawa, Jun 248 FrezaI, Jean 5(i5 Furusawa, MitSur'u 53,558 Friesen, James D. 565 Furuya, Masaki 562 Fueki, Kazuo 301,541 Furuya, Toshiro 516 Fuji, Naoki 317 Furuyama, Junzo 244 Fujihira, Masamichi 428 Furuzaki, Shintaro 438 Fujll, Noboru 521 Fut~ Shoko 495 Fujii, Shoji 474 Fuwa, Tohu 277 Fujii, Takaaki 403 Fuwatari, Ryo 276 Fujii, Toru 140 Gachelin, Gabriel 561 Fujii, Yoshiaki 398 Gamou, Takuma 341,343 Fujiki, Hirota 352 Garcia-Bellido, A. 566 Fujimori, Takao 146 Garito, Anthony F. 562 Fujimoto, Daisaburo 433 Goffeau, Andre 566 Fujimoto, Tadaaki 234 Gohki, Tatsuo 280 Fujimura, Hiroshi 157 Gojo, Shoichi 212 Fujimura, Kouichi 51 Goodman, Corey S. 566 Fujio, Hajime 495,496 Goto, Hiroshi 255 Fujioka, Motoji 466 Goto, Teruji 467 Fujisawa, Hisao 476 Gotoh, Sukehiro 361 Fujishima, Tetsuro 283 Gros, Francois 565 Fujita, Masahiko 358 Gunj~ Atsuaki 358 Fujita, Michinari 457 Gunji, Susumi 361 Fujita, Teruyuki 464 Gunya, Tokuro 514 Fujita, Yasutaro 511 Hagiwara, Hideaki 101 Fujita, Yoshihiko 456 Hagiwara, Hiroyuki 335 Fujita, Yukio 264 Hakuta, Toshikatsu 335 Fujitake, Yoshide 190 Hamada, Tetsuo 406 Fujiwara, Keigi 353 Hamaguchi, Keizo 490 Fukami, Yasuo 472 Hamaoka, Heiichi 301 Fukazawa, Yoshimura 544 Han, Yoshio 387 Fukube, Kenjiro 426 Hanada, Kazunori 253 Fukuda, Hideo 514, 574 Hanada, Kouichi 45 Fukuda, Kenzo 335 Hara, Shodo 360 Fukuda, Ryuji 448 Hara, Yukihiko 156

731

Harada, Hideki 450 Higuchi, Ryumasa 482 Harada, Hiroshi 318,527 Hijikata, Takeshi 570,583 Harada, Masatoshi 354 Hinata, Kokichi 397 Harano, Sahukuro 486 Hino, Tadauki 124 Harrison, Victoria 565 Hino, Toshihiko 341 Hasegawa, Masmitsu 353 Hiraga, Shota 515 Hashida, Wataru 65 Hiraishi, Jiro 335 Hashimoto, Eiji 511 Hirakawa, Kimio 301 Hashimoto, Hiraki 249 Hirano, Shigehiro 509 Hashimoto, Hironobu 427, 429 Hirano, Shin-ichi 659 Hashimoto, Katsuyuki 660 Hirasawa, Rei 301 Hashimoto, Kenji 477 Hirata, Haruhisa 275 Hashimoto, Kensuku 511 Hiratani, Hajime 104 Hashimoto, Osamu 165 Hirayama, Osamu 506 Hashimoto, Ryutaro 293 Hirobe, Masaaki 437 Hashimoto, Susumu 492 Hiroishi, Shingo 240 Hashimoto, Yoichi 408 Hirokawa, Hideo 423 Hashimoto, Yoshiyuki 397 Hiromu, Sugamu 159 Hashizume, Kazumoto 344 Hirose, Y oichi 71 Hata, Fujiki 530 Hoita, Saburo 133 Hata, Kunio 105 Hokujo, Nobumasa 461 Hatake, Tsujiaki 428 Hombo, Kiichiro 90 Hatakeyama,Osamu 137, 241 Homoto, Isao 404 Hatanaka, Hiroshi 494 Hondo, Masao 39 Hatano, Masahiro 401 Honjo, Shigeo 350, 351, 359 Hattori, Masanori 301 Honma, Takemitsu 211 Hattori, Shigeru 335 Honshou, Yu 475 Hayaishi, Osamu 369, 556 Hori, Hiroshi 389 Hayakawa, Tadao 462 Hori, Kosuke 293 Hayakawa, Takao 312 Hori, Makoto 422 Hayakawa, Yukio 451 Horiba, Masao 301 Hayami, A. 347 Horibe, Hiroshi 353 Hayashi, Harusuke 390 Horibe, Kazuo 483 Hayashi, Kenichi 294 Horie, Masaharu 100 Hayashi, Kenji 358 Horikoshi, Hiroki 428 Hayashi, Kosaburo 393 Horikoshi, Koki 326,557 Hayashi, Masayoshi 301 Horio, Koichi 494 Hayashi, Mitsunori 499 Horita, 440 Hayashi, Shinji 508 Horitsu, Hiroaki 447 Hayashi, Shiro 112 Horiuchi, Hisashi 174 Hayashi, Toshiro 407 Horiuchi, Tadaro 518 Hayashi, Yujizo 301 Hoshi, Akio 352 Hayashi, Yuzo 355 Hoshikawa, Seishin 397 Hess, Benno 565 Hosoi, Kozo 463 Higaki, Taiji 113 Hosomi, Atsushi 63 Higashi, Ichiro 391 Hosotani, Morimasa 532 Higashi, Shiro 512 Ibata, Shin-ichi 52 Higashida, N akaaki 448 Ichihara, Akira 507 Higashimura, Toshinobu 543,659 Ichijima, Hideharu 398 Higash}nakagawa, Toru 371 Ichikawa, Atsunobu 317,428 Higashino, Shuji 386 Ichikawa, Tomio 357 Higashiura, Tadashai 54 Ichinoe, Kenji 431 Higuchi, Keiji 317 Ichinose, Hisashi 199

732

Ide, Hideto Ideguchi, Shousuke Igakami, lImo Igata, Akihiro Iguchi, Hiroo Iguchi, M. lida, Shigeru lida, Yohtaro lijima, Teiji fino, Kyuei

414 484 460 512 456 336 420 293

374, 647, 652 344 462 325 387 475

lizuka, Eisaku lizuka, Tetsutaro Iizuka, Toshihiko Ikada, Yoshito lkawa, Yoji Ikeda, Hayato Ikeda, Hideo Ikeda, Joh-E Ikeda, Masakazu Ikegami, Yusaku Ikehara, Morio Ikenaga, Mitsuo Ikezawa, Koro Imagawa, Kenichi Imahori, Kazutomo Imai, Ken-ichi

294, 298, 328, 561, 562 688 442 560 452 401

Imai, Mutsuro Imamiya, Shunichiro Imamura, Hikaru Imamura, Takashi Imanaka, Tadayuki Imanishi, Yukio Imayasu, Satoshi Inaba, Fumio Inagaki, Haruo Iniwa, Hideo Inose, Hiroshi Inoue, Isao Inoue, Kiyoshi Inoue, Masahisa Inoue, Sakae Inoue, Shunzo Inoue, Yasuo Inoue, Yorinao Irie, Tatehisa Irita, Masami Iriyaza, Akira Isaka, Hiroshi Ise, Norio Ishida, Yusaburo Ishidate, Motoi Ishiguro, Takehiko Ishihama, Akira

213, 364, 531 475 451 210

370, 570, 538 300 480 416 99

458 492 659 206 558 345 436

293, 300 507 300 406 358 39

436 326 358 53

478 355 477 478 355 301 458

Ishihara, Tomoo Ishii, Sunsuke Ishii, Takamochi Ishii, Toshiro Ishikawa, Fujio Ishikawa, Haruo Ishikawa, Masahiro Ishikawa, S. Ishikawa, Tadao Ishimaru, Takaji Ishimoto, Akitoshi Ishimoto, Itsutoshi Ishiwa, Sadao Ishizaki, Fumisugi Ishizuka, Goro Ishizuka, Morio Iso, Koujirou Isogai, Yukihide Isono, Kiyoshi Itakura, Hiroshige Itakura, Jo Ito, Akinori Ito, Hajime Ito, Hiroshi Ito, Katsumi Ito,Kazuaki Ito,Kazuo Ito, Masanoro Ito, Masao Ito, Michio Ito, Ryoichi Ito, Satoru Ito, Shingo Ito, Shizuo Ito, Yoshikazu Ito, Yoshio Ito, Yukiaki Iwadare, Shuichi Iwahara, Shojiro Iwamoto, Hiroaki Iwamoto, Mutsuo Iwaro, Junichi Iwasaki, Hitoshi Iwasaki, Isao Iwasaki, Nario Iwasaki, Shinjiro Iwasaki, Shunichi Iwasaki, Teruo Iwase, Masao Iwashima, Kiyoshi Iwata, Seiji Iwatsuka, Hisashi Izaki, Kazuo

317 328

300,312 212 570 487 119 336

317,415 598 481 388 419 519 341 414 195 540

326, 472 357,603

261 144 416

416,432 171 297 155 516

318,538,541,563,566 463 357

68 294,347

514 293

139, 355 481

43 500 417 344 224 325 236 440 147 399 472 523 358 301 256 398

733

Izumi, J\kimasa 360 Kasuya, Tadao 659 Janin, Joel 565 Kasuya, Takahiro 325 Jimbo, Tsutomu 47 Katagiri, Masayuki 447 Jin, Hisanori 94 Kataya, Ken-ichi 179 Jones, Edward G. 563 Katayama, Nihachiro 586 Kadota, Noriaki 254 Kato, J\kira 446 Kadowaki, Kiyoshi 80 Kato, Jira 506 Kadowaki, Teiji 474 Kato, Mikio 294, 300, 336, 366, 581 Kadoya, Tadaaki 479 Kato, Noboru 86, 452 Kagawa, Yasuo 566 Kato, Shiro 537 Kageura, Tsuyoshi 87 Katoda, Shigeyoshi 402 Kai, Hideaki 519 Katsube, Yukiteru 494 Kai, Hidenori 509 Katsunuma, Nobuhiko 507 Kaifu, Toshiki 293 Kawabata, Narisugi 473 Kaizuma, Kyohiko 394 Kawabe, Haruhide 75 Kakimoto, Yasuo 542 Kawada, Hiroo 293,300 Kakinuma, Mitsuaki 391 Kawaguchi, Kazumi 341,658 Kako, Shunji 509 Kawai, Hayao 317 Kamata, Tadao 344 Kawai, Takehiko 218 Kamataki, Tetsuya 390 Kawai, Terukazu 192 Kametani, Y oshiya 198 Kawakami, Kenro 426 Kameya, Tetsuji 414 Kawakita, Akihiko 98 Kameyama, Masakuni 294 Kawamoto, Masahiro 57 Kameyama, Tadanori 447, 449 Kawamura, Hiroshi 371 Kamibayashi, Akira 51 Kawamura, Sugio 332,656 Kamijo, Shinichiro 362 Kawamura, Yoshitake 282 Kaminuma, Tsuguchika 355 Kawamura, Yoshiya 167 Kamio, Masayoshi 344 Kawano, Tadao 419 Kamitani, Akira 390 Kawano, Takatsugo 214 Kamiya, Shozo 355 Kawasaki, Hironoshin 355 Kamizawa, Chiyoshi 335 Kawasaki, Toshio 533 Kamoda, Hironobu 240 Kawasaki, Tsuneshi 119 Kamori, Ken 500 Kawase, Akira 335 Kanachika, Osamu 506 Kawashima, Ryoichi 307 Kanagawa, Sadaji 243 Kawashima, Yuji 169 Kanashima, Masashi 508 Kawasugi, Tadaaki 129 Kanazaki, Kiyoshi 163 Kawate, Shohei 470 Kanbara, Chikara 301 Kawazoe, Toshiyuki 414 Kanbara, Norio 235 Kawazu, Kazuki 504 Kanda, Ryuji 88 Kaya, Y oichi 300 Kaneda, Chuukichi 345 Kendrew, Sir John 566 Kaneda, Makoto 512 Kido, Makoto 482 Kanehisa, Hiroshi 480 Kikuchi, Kenichi 181 Kaneko, Akimichi 457 Kikuchi, Kenki 601 Kanji, Torizuka 445 Kikuchi, Masakazu 364 Kannan, Akira 232 Kikuchi, Tateki 357 Kanno, Takao 200 Kikuchi, Toru 466 Kano, Mutsuro 430 Kikuch~ Toshiharu 530 Kariya, Masao 102 Kikuchi, Yasuo 141 Karube, Isao 318, 428, 429, 441, 531, 573 Kikuike, Shinichi 426 Kasahara, Yukio 300 Kikumoto, Toshio 400 Kasai, Naoya 58 Kikutake, Jun-ichiro 225 Kashiwagi, H. 337 Kimura, Haruo 221

734

Kimura, Hikaru 482 Komagata, Kazuo 573 Kimura, Hitoshi 500 Komamine, Atsushi 398 Kimura, Ishizue 417 Komano, Toru 478 Kimura, Junichi 262 Komatsu, Seiji 307 Kimura, Junji 84 Komatsu, Takao 199 Kimura, Shosaburo 317 Komazawa, Nobuaki 262 Kimura, Shuichi 401 Komeyama, Taira 432 Kinemura, Yoshiaki 67 Kominami, Minoru 45 Kinoshita, Shukuo 570 Komoritani, Izumi 136 Kinoshita, Toru 301 Komuro, Katutoshi 350 Kira, Akira 326 Konakahara, Takeo 419 Kishi, Kunihei 293 Kondo, Hirosumi 506 Kishi, Shigeo 191 Kondo, Jiro 293, 294, 317 Kishimoto, Tadazo 489 Konishi, Hiroaki 181 Kishimoto, Toshio 421 Konno, Hiroshi 40 Kishita, Toshiro 387 Konno, Seishi 279 Kitagawa, Osamu 431 Konno, Yuri 300 Kitagyomon, Manabu 519 Konobe, Takeo 111 Kitahara, Yasusada 293,294 Korn, Henri 565 Kitamoto, Yutaka 509 Kosaka, Toshio 457 Kitamura, Takashi 350,351 Kosaki, Akira 102 Kitazume, Tomoya 427 Koshy, Rajen 489 Kitsushiki, Masao 419 Kotaka, Toshihiko 58 Kobamoto, Naotada 522 Koyama, Hideki 412 Kobashi, Koji 659 Koyama, Jiro 348,390 Kobayashi, Akio 194 Koyama, Tetsuo 418 Kobayashi, Fujio 346 Koyama, Tsutomu 350 Kobayashi, Isao 453 Koyanagi, Shinichi 237 Kobayashi, Noboru 603 Kubo, Toshiyuki 423 Kobayashi, Shigeyasu 45 Kubota, Yasuyoshi 507 Kobayashi, Shinya 360 Kubota, Yukiho 515 Kobayashi, Shuhei 357 Kuboyama, Morio 176 Kobayashi, Toshio 344 Kuchino, Yoshiyuki 352 Kobayashi, Yoji 126 Kudou, Hajime 387 Koda, Takao 659 Kumagai, Susumu 350,351 Kodaira, Tasuku 617 Kumatani, Nobuteru 488 Kodama, Toru 438 Kume, Takashi 67,275 Koga, Setsuo 83 Kume, Yutaka 300 Koga, Toshihiko 350 Kunitake, Toyoki 559 Koganezawa, Hideo 151 Kuno, Sho 457 Kohashi, Kazutami 129 Kurachi, Shogo 300 Kohata, Mamoru 574 Kuraishi, K. 433 Kohsaka, Shinichi 356 Kuraishi, 537 Koide, Akiichiro 466 Kuramasu, S. 373 Koide, Kozo 427 Kurashige, Shuji 180 Koide, Tsutomu 352 Kurata, Takeshi 350 Koide, Y oshio 117 Kuriya, Kazuhiko 509 Koike, Katuro 312 Kuroda, Yukiteru 529 Koizumi, Kourou 345 Kurokawa, Yuji 355 Kojima, Koyo 358 Kurotani, Yasuo 505 Kojima, Takemasa 252 Kusa, Mamoru 401 Kojima, Y oshio 464 Kusumoto, Shoichi 490 Koketsu, Mitsuru 170 Kusunokida, Hisao 523

735

Kuwahara, Masaaki 500 Matsuo, Tsugio 573 Kuwana, Takashi 345 Matsushima, Hisashi 408 Kyogaku, Yoshimasa 494 Matsushita, Hidetsuru 358,361 Lerner, Michele 565 Matsushita, Masao 93 Machi, Dueo 298 Matsushita, Takayuki 491 Maeda, Eizo 454 Matsuzaki, Tetsuya 357 Maeda, Hidekatsu 332 Matsuzawa, Hideo 243 Maegawa, Tadashi 405 Meyerowitz, Elliot 566 Magaki, Yasumoto 601 Mihara, Shigeru 61 Magara, Yasumto 358 Mihara, Shizuo 37 Makino, Noboru 301 Mikado, Soichi 495 Makino, Tadao 453 Mikam~ Eiichi 332 Makita, Akira 391 Mikawa, Shiho 437 Manabe, Masaru 344 Mikuriya, Kenta 284 Marushige, Shingo 453 Miller, James 565 Maruyama, Hiromi B. 86 Milstein, Cesar 565 Masada, Makoto 429 Mimura, Tsutomu 491 Masakawa, Yasuaki 125 Minagawa, Tomonori 391 Masuda, Akiyoshi 177 Minakami, Atsuo 226 Masuda, Hisashi 618 Minam~ Kiyoshi 237 Masuda, Toru 477 Minami, Zenro 166 Masuzawa, Kuniyasu 134 Minamiura, Noji 485 Matsubara, Fujiyoshi 473 Minato, Kanji 258 Matsubara, Ken-ichi 298, 318, 488 Minesuga, Yousetsu 450 Matsubara, Sachiko 504 Minowa, Masumi 358 Matsubara, Yo 490 Mise, Katsutoshi 312,355 Matsubashi, Toshio 439 Mishima, Hideo 76 Matsuda, Fujishiro 431 Mita, Katsushike 317 Matsuda, Hideyuki 506 Mitsui, Takashi 326 Matsuda, Kazuo 407 Mitsumata, Tadayasu 144 Matsuda, Takehisa 353,602 Mitsuoka, Tomotari 326,562 Matsudai, 496 Mitsutake, Tyoma 172 Matsudaira, Hiromichi 294 Miura, Kazunobu 128 Matsui, Masayoshi 152 Miura, Yoshiatsu 491 Matsui, Nobuo 455 Miwa, Hajime 107 Matsui, Shigeru 93 Miwa, Masano 352 Matsui, Tomikazu 48 Miwat~ Toshio 528 Matsukado, Yasuhiko 514 Miyachi, Shigeru 511 Matsumoto, Gen 337 Miyagawa, Matsuo 301 Matsumoto, Goro 393 Miyaishi, Takeo 137 Matsumoto, Hajime 399 Miyaj~ Shigetou 439 Matsumoto, Hideaki 505 Miyaj~ Yusho 133 Matsumoto, Junji 542 Miyakawa, Atsuo 206 Matsumoto, Tadashi 393 Miyake, Tadashi 371 Matsumura, Chi 335 Miyake, Yoshihiro 353 Matsumura, Ikutoshi 183 Miyamoto, Takuji 216 Matsumura, Yoshikazu 273 Miyamoto, Toshihiko 188 Matsumura, Yoshito 265 Miyasato, Kazuko 358 Matsunaga, Hide 458 Miyashita, Nobukatsu 278 Matsunaga, Tepopei 117 Miyawaki, Koichiro 534 Matsunaka, Katsumi 49 Miyazaki, Hidetoshi 235 Matsuno, Koichiro 450 Miyazaki, Hiromichi 293 Matsuo, Hisayuki 353 Miyazaki, Masasumi 452

736

Mizukoshi, Kohji 354 Murao, Sawao 513 Mizuno, Hideo 464 Muraoka, Kouji 361 Mizuno, Koji 185 Murasato, Shohachi 98 Mizuno, Satoshi 350, 351 Murata, Akira 523 Mizuno, Shigeki 398 Murata, Takao 341,343 Mizuno, Sukeaki 392 Murata, Toshiro 312 Mizuno, Takuro 59 Nabeshima, Yoichi 357 Mizuno, Tsutakazu 424 Nagahama, Yoshitaka 456 Mizunoe, Kimifusa 374 Nagahisa, Eizo 190 Mizushima, Akiji 439 Nagai, Hiroshi 89 Mizushima, Takeshi 453 Nagai, Katsutaka 436,461 Mizutani, Junya 559 Nagai, Shiro 499,573 Mokunan, Ryo 459 Nagakura, Saburo 317 Momose, Haruo 421 Nagano, Hiroshi 283 Mori, Akihiko 118 Nagao, Minako 352 Mori, Akitane 503 Nagasaki, Kame 501 Mori, Hajime 251 Nagasawa, Katsutoshi 570 Mor~ Hiroyuki 96 Nagasawa, Takeshi 197 Mor~ Tadahiro 506 Nagata, Ryoichi 238 Mori, Toshito 127 Nagata, Shigekazu 369,484 Mori, Watarutakeyai93, 294, 312, 317, 318 Nagata, Toru 345 Mori, Yoshio 173 Nagata, Toshiyuki 456 Mor~ Yuzuru 245 Nagatani, Atsuhiro 489 Morii, Seiji 293,301 Nagatsu, Shunji 452 Morikawa, Hiroshi 550 Nagayama, Fumio 434 Morikawa, Kousuke 364 Naguma, Shoichi 416 Morikuchi, Michiaki 521 Nagumo, Jin-ichi 294 Morimoto, Keiichi 122 Naito, Masaaki 361 Morimoto, Masayoshi 109 Naito, Toshikuni 209 Morimoto, Teruhiko 164 Nakada, 495 Morioka, Yoshimasa 499 Nakagawa, Ryouchi 216 Morishima, Isao 477 Nakagawa, Takeshi 611 Morishita, Tatsuo 483 Nakagawa, Tsutomu 573 Morisue, Toshiya 453 Nakagome, Y. 661 Morita, Fumio 388 Nakahara, Tamiya 281 Morita, Fusaku 519 Nakahara, Tsuneo 300,364 Morita, Katsura 297 Nakai, Sayaka 412 Morita, Shiro 516 Nakajima, Hideo 312 Moriya, Hiroshi 420 Nakajima, Katsuhisa 442 Morohoshi, Noriyuki 433 Nakajima, Kenji 343 Motoda, Shosaku 60 Nakajima, Tsuji 207 Motokawa, Yutaro 507 Nakamoto, Yasumasa 173 Mukai, Tsunehiro 353 Nakamura, Aki2sugitara 490 Mukoi, Terumi 517 Nakamura, Akitada 355 Murai, Atsuo 652 Nakamura, Arinobu 420 Murak~ Kazuo 409,41 Nakamura, Haruki 364 Murakam~ Ken 362 Nakamura, Keiko 301 Murakam~ Masataka 361, 362 Nakamura, Makoto 91 Murakam~ Shohachi 270 Nakamura, Masao 301 Murakami, Teruhiko 434 Nakamura, Shun 356 Murakami, Yukito 518 Nakamura, Tadaaki 602 Mur~ Hiroyuki 467 Nakamura, Yoshihiro 332 Muramatsu, Masayoshi 436,661 Nakamura, Youji 573

Nakane, Chie Nakanishi, Kazuhiro Nakanishi, Shigetada Nakanishi, Shui Nakao, Makoto Nakaoki, Yutaka Nakase, Takashi Nakasone, Yasuhiro Nakata, Toshio Nakata, Yoshiaki Nakatani, Rintaro Nakatsu, Seichiro Nakayama, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Kazuhumi Nakayama, Mitsuru Nakayama,Ooki Nakayama, Yoshitake Nakazu, Seichiro Namba, Susumu Nanba, Tadao Naquet, Robert Narishima, Yutaka Narita, Mitsuaki Narumiya, Mamoru Natori, Masahiko Natori, Shinsaku Natori, Shunji Nemoto, Takahisa Nielsen, Tom Busk Niida, Tetsuo Nikaido, Osamu Ninomiya, Ishio Nishi, Shinzo Nishida, Katsuhiko Nishida, Takeshi Nishigo, Kaoru Nishihara, Haruo Nishihara, Takashi Nishii, Yasuo Nishii, Yasutaka Nishijima, Yasunori Nishikawa, Tetsuji Nishikawaji, Shigeki Nishimura, Hajime Nishimura, Shigeo Nishimura, Susumu Nishina, Yuichiro Nishino, Masaki Nishio, Koji Nishioka, Hisao Nishioka, Kazu Nishioka, Yasuzo Nishishita, Yutaka

317 504 477 232 430 300

326, 654 563 155 407

312, 430 512 113 160 487 573 513 520 562 466 565 519 433 208 418 543 437 441 201 115 449 353 391 145 168 436

317, 318, 442 215 44 77

317,533 317 104 438 433 352 659 267 159 413 469 431 151

Nishiyama, Terasu Nishizawa, Junichi Nishizawa, Yoshihiko Nishizuka, Yasuaki Noda, Kazuhiko Nofuku, Shigeo Noguchi, Hisateru Noguchi, Sumio Nojima, Shoushichi Nojiro, Kikuo Noka, Jun-ichi Nomoto, Shinya Nomura, Tashiji Nomura, Tetsuji Nonaka, Ikuya Nonomura, Hideo Nonomura, Minoru Nose, Yoshio Nozawa, Yasunori Nozawa, Yuzuru Numa, Seisaku Numata, Makoto Nushi, Masahiko Obama, Setsuo Ochi, Naokiyo Oda, Junichi Oda, Kinichiro Oda, Minoru Odawara, Youji Oesterhelt, Dieter Ogasawara, Nagahiro Ogata, Jun Ogata, Yasunari Ogawa, Eiji Ogawa, Hideyuki Ogawa, Kitohiko Ogawa, Masaharu Ogawa, Teruo Ogawa, Tomoya Ogawa, Waro Ohara, Shu Ohara, Tetsuro Ohba, Kenkichi Ohba, Kiyoshi Ohba, Yoshiki Ohi, Shinichi Ohinata, Chusuke Ohira, Eichi Ohki, Kenzo Ohmori, Harunori Ohmori, Hitoshia Ohmori, Katsuo Ohmori, Muneki

737

79 317,399

570 535 412 397 249 81

317,318 432 263 410 318 445 356 525 434 208 399 481 528 307 241 345 233 480 420

324,328 83

565 460 353 520 300 490 513 494 326 326 539 472 424 138 88

449 465 43

440 416 457 504 393 217

738

Ohmura, Einosuke 598 Okayama, 496 Ohmura, Hirohisa 519 Okazaki, Hideo 272 Ohnishi, Hiroshi 512 Okazaki, Mitsuo 462 Ohnishi, Masaharu 234 Okazaki, Tsuneko 452 Ohnishi, Sei-ichiro 166 Okimoto, Yoichiro 424 Ohnishi, Shunichi 476 Okuhara, Eiji 385 Ohnishi, Teruo 470 Okuyama, Hiroshi 395 Ohno, Hiroie 108 Okuyama, Norio 431,573 Ohno, Koji 387 Omae, Iwao 259 Ohno, Shuichiro 335 Omura, Yozi 220 Ohsato, Toyoro 391 Ono, Koichi 573 Ohsawa, Hiroshi 42 Ono, Teruo 459 Ohsawa, Junya 393 Ono, Yoshio 427 Ohsawa, Takehiko 257 Onoe, Hisashi 317,318 Ohsawa, Toshiaki 437 Onozawa, Yoshiro 407 Ohshima, Harumi 518 Ooishi, Michio 439 Ohshima, Haruyuki 425 Oosawa, Toshiaki 294,312 Ohshima, Kiyoshi 481 Ooshima, Tomoji 293 Ohshima, Nobuo 410 Ootake, Noboru 573 Ohshima, Taiji 492 Osajima, Katsuhito 233 Ohshima, Yasuro 427,429 Oshiumi, R yoichi 189 Ohshiro, Yoshiki 491 Otani, Akira 294 Ohta, Akira 600 Otani, Masaru 272 Ohta, Jiro 419 Ouo, Kei 156 Ohta, Kazuo 539 Oya, Akira 297, 312, 350 Ohta, Takahisa 438,572 Ozaki, Asaichiro 527 Ohta, Tokio 411 Ozaki, Michio 431 Ohta, Yasuo 410 Ozawa, Eijiro 356 Ohtaki, Hitoshi 456 Ozawa, Hitoshi 268 Ohtani, Akira 601 Ozeki, Haruo 476 Ohtani, Noritaka 386 Prigogine, IIya 566 Ohtani, Shigemori 397 Rail, Joseph Edward 565 Ohtsuka, Eiko 390, 489 Rifkin, Jeremy 675 Ohtsuka, Sadao 150 Rolleston, Francis S. 565 Ohtsuki, Naoki 367 Rothschild, Henri C. 565 Ohuchi, Atsuyoshi 588 Saba, Sho-ichi 293,300 Ohyama, Kanji 479 Sada, Eizo 477 Ohyama, Katsuo 343 Sada, Toyoyasu 79 Ohyama, Mikio 55 Sadanaga, Tsuneo 285 Oi, Susumi 485 Sado, Kotaro 301 Oka, Masanori 475 Saeki, Hiroshi 360 Oka, Torno 499 Sahota, Seishi 279 Okada, Fushito 455 Saito, Eishiro 594 Okada, Kosuke 492,529,532 Saito, Hyuga 301, 318, 570 Okada, Satoshi 355 Saito, Jin-itsu 69 Okada, Shigetaka 64 Saito, Makoto 307 Okada, Tokindo 294,318 Saito, Masamitsu 230 Okada, Tomoaki 184 Saito, Masaru 123 Okada, Yoshio 317,318,488 Saito, Minoru 165 Okamoto, Hiroshi 399 Saito, Narimasa 121 Okamoto, Michio 566 Saito, Shinroku 301 Okamoto, Nobukazua 386 Saito, Taichi 300,594 Okawa, Tadashi 169 Saito, Takahide 434

739

Saito, Takeshi 106 Seiichi, Yasuda 458 Saito, Yasumasa 300 Seike, Yasuhiko 247 Saito, Yoshikazu 388 Seki, Shuji 503 Saito, Yukio 355 Sekida, Hidesato 501 Saji, Keizo 484 Sekiguchi, Junichi 462 Saka, Takayoshi 463 Sekiguchi, Mutsuo 518,537 Sakagami, Shimeji 432 Sekiguchi, Takeshi 407 Sakaguchi, Seiji 346 Sekine, Teruaki 352 Sakaguchi, Yukio 614 Sekiya, Shinichiro 345 Sakai, Akira 432 Sekiya, Takao 352 Sakai, Asaya 450 Sekizawa, Taiji 424 Sakai, Fuminori 317 Senba, Toshihiko 101 Sakai, Haruo 317,318 Senbara, Goro 425 Sakai, Shuzo 77 Senda, Mitsugu 478 Sakaki, Keisuke 517 Seto, Haruo 440 Sakaki, Y. 661 Seto, Iwao 62 Sakakura, Sei 47 Shiba, Tadayoshi 416 Sakakura, Teruyo 328 Shibahara, Kiyoshi 130 Sakata, Hideo 566 Shibasaki, Hiroshi 356 Sakezawa, Chikahiro 508 Shibata, 676 Sakiyama, Fumio 494, 494 Shibata, Masaru 205 Sakiyama, Kosaku 485 Shibata, Shigehisa 344 Sakuma, Hideo 142 Shibata, Takehiko 326 Sakuragawa, Norio 356 Shibata, Yoshoaki 220 Sakurai, Akira 326 Shibatani, Kyoichiro 131 Sakurai, Yasuhisa 531 Shibutani, Ken 542 Samejima, Tatsuya 414 Shibuya, Isao 408 Sana, Hirotashi 430 Shibuya, Masami 189 Sasabe, Hiroyuki 325, 562 Shida, Tadamasu 476 Sasabe, Takao 202 Shiga, Fumimitsu 521 Sasada, Tomosaburo 469 Shiga, Toshio 220 Sasada, Yoshio 429 Shigekawa, Nunekazu 353 Sasaki, Motomichi 389 Shihou, Eijiro 387 Sasaki, Ryuzo 478 Shiinoki, Satoshi 360 Sasaki, Takashi 344,497 Shikae, Sadao 205 Sasamoto, Yasuhiko 254 Shimabara, Kenzo 422 Satake, Akira 461 Shimada, Akiyoshi 226 Sato, Akio 294 Shimada, Kazunori 515 Sato, Eichi 411 Shimada, Kyo 483 Sato, Fujio 182 Shimada, Mitsutaro 74 Sato, Masayoshi 215 Shimada, Tadashi 445 Sato, Mitsuru 520 Shimamawari, Kunitoshi 345 Sato, Shigeki 87 Shimamoto, Nobuo 459 Sato, Takamasa 437 Shimamoto, Tadashi 502 Sato, Tomohiro 210 Shimizu, Kajuzo 301 Sato, Yoshihei 418 Shimizu, Kenichi 219 Satzukijo, Shinichi 410 Shimizu, Shiho 441 Sawada, Kenji 399 Shimizu, Shin 96 Sawada, Motoshige 294 Shimizu, Yoichi 317,318,454 Sawada, Shozo 407 Shimoda, Masahiko 224,386 Sawada, Tatsuro 447 Shimogori, Yoichiro 174 Sawada, Toshio 317 Shimosato, Yukio 352 Sawai, Tetsuo 404 Shimotohno, Kunitada 352

740

Shiroura, Ryoro 456,476 Sugiyama, Tsutomu 458 Shimura, Yoshiro 317,318 Sunagawa, Keisuke 312 Shin, K. 472 Sunagawa, Megumi 301 Shinda, 248 Sunahara, Hiroshi 499 Shindo, Minoru 49 Susumi, Sadao 46, 372 Shinjo, Nagari 522 Suzue, Ryokueru 357 Shinosawa, Takao 406 Suzuki, Eiji 312 Shinozaki, Kazuo 328 Suzuki, H. 347 Shioda, Hideo 394 Suzuki, Haruo 443 Shiono, Masaharu 50 Suzuki, Hideo 146 Shirai, Toshigio 415 Suzuki, Koji 484 Shiraishi, Makoto 513 Suzuki, Mamoru 345 Shiraki, Masaru 332 Suzuki, Mitsuru 266 Shirako, Tadao 470 Suzuki, Seiji 294 Shitanishi, Yasushi 493 Suzuki, Shozo 395 Shizume, Takemoto 109 Suzuki, Shuichi 300, 409, 574 Shoda, Nobohiro 461 Suzuki, Takahito 341,343 Shoji, Tsuneo 78 Suzuki, Takeshi 266, 301, 358 Sobue, Kenji 490 Suzuki, Tomoo 294, 332 Soda, Kenji 480 Suzuki, Toshimitsu 457 Soeda, Eiichi 329 Suzuki, Yukio 505 Soma, Genichiro 424 Suzuki, Yuzuru 474 Sonoda, Ryuichi 245 Tabira, Takeshi 356 Sonoda, Yorikazu 516 Tabuchi, Tokuichi 118 Sonta, Hiromi 61 Tachi, Kenji 237 Sotomura, Kenzo 488 Tachibana, Toshihiko 95 Sotomura, Koichiro 478 Tada, Tomio 294 Sotoyama, Keisuke 457 Tadai, Hiroshi 538 Sudo, Ryuichi 361,362 Tadai, Yuji 516 Sudo, Tadashi 191 Tadaira, Takeshi 603 Suga, Hiroyuki 353 Tadenuma, Makoto 360 Suga, Kenichi 492 Tagaki, Waichiro 486 Suga, Shin taro 388 Tagawa, Hiroaki 411 Sugahara, Kiyoshi 361, 362 Tagawa, Kiyoshi 500 Sugahara, Shiro 395 Taguchi, Funiaki 416 Sugahara, Takao 350,301 Taguchi, Mikio 345 Sugano, Haruo 317,376 Takabashi, Ryohei 517 Sugano, Hiroshi 460 Takada, Hisao 281 Sugano, Izuru 168 Takada, Mitsuru 196 Sugano, Masayoshi 449 Takagi, Makoto 519 Suganuma, Toshio 158 Takagi, Toshio 494 Sugawara, Yo 483 Takagishi, Toru 487 Sugayama, 544 Takahara, Yasushi 149 Sugimoto, Kazunori 388,392 Takahashi, Atsushi 355 Sugimura, Takashi 294,312,566 Takahashi, Hideaki 217 Sugisawa, Hiroshi 501 Takahashi, Hideo 439 Sugita, Hideo 356 Takahashi, Joji 410,573 Sugita, Kouichi 99 Takahashi, Katsuaki 502 Sugiura, Akira 350,600 Takahashi, Katsutada 487 Sugiura, Masahiro 451 Takahashi, Kenji 436 Sugiura, Miyoji 341 Takahashi, Kiyohisa 356 Sugiyama, Hironari 130 Takahashi, Kojiro 360 Sugiyama, Junta 439 Takahashi, Kosuke 418

741

Takahashi, Mitsuo 350 Tamaru, Keiji 534 Takahashi, Mitsuru 480 Tamura, Gakuzo 574 Takahashi, Noboru 73 Tamura, Keiji 218 Takahashi, Nobutaka 307, 326, 562 Tamura, Mamoru 392 Takahashi, Tomoko 415 Tamura, 214 Takahashi, Toshiaki 511 Tanabe, Akira 175,504 Takahisa, Hiroshi 405 Tanabe, Kiichiro 154 Takai, Koichi 65 Tanabe, Tadashi 353 Takai, Shuudou 412 Tanaka, Akira 354 Takaishi, Masahiro 358 Tanaka, Atsuo 477 Takamine,lokichi 1 Tanaka, Fumio 357,420 Takamori, Masohiro 350 Tanaka, Hideaki 335 Takanaka, Akira 354 Tanaka, Hirotake 341,343 Takanaka, Tadashi 601 Tanaka, Ikuzo 293,426 Takanami, Mitsuru 479,480 Tanaka, Katsunobu 135 Takanashi, Masayoshi 153 Tanaka, Keiji 563 Takano, Akira 358 Tanaka, Keitatsu 460 Takano, Hisateru 353 Tanaka, Kozo 498,499 Takano, Mitsuo 492 Tanaka, Masami 572 Takano, Tanaka, Masato 185 Takaoka, Y oshio 259 Tanaka, Nobuo 427 Takasaka, Shinichi 600 Tanaka, Shoji 301 Takasaki, Hirachiro 394 Tanaka, Toshiyuki 142 Takashima, Fumio 434 Tanaka, Y oshihiro 66,336 Takashima, Sachio 356 Tani, Y oshiki 573,479 Takasuna, Toshiyuki 265 Tanida, Yoshitoshi 441 Takaya, Haruo 335 Tanifuji, Shigekyuki 389 Takayama, Shozo 351 Tanigawa, Shoichiro 659 Takebayashi, Y oichi 590 Taniguchi, Itsugu 489 Takeda, Masahisa 432 Taniguchi, Masaru 404 Takeda, Mitsuharu 355 Tanimura, Akio 354 Takeda, Susumu 483 Tanooka, Hiroshi 352 Takeda, Takeo 372 Tarao, Tadao 312 Takeda, Yasushi 354 Tate, Ryuichiro 312 Takefuji, Akira 445 Tatewaki, Masakazu 389 Takefuj~ Yoshikazu 409 Tatsumi, Tomomasa 473 Takeishi, Keichi 464 Tawa, Hisaaki 71 Takemori, Toshitada 350 Tazato, Isao 504 Takenaka, Osamu 481 Tenba, Kazuo 386 Takenaka, Ryo 480 Tenma, Michiko 317 Takeshita, Noboru 563 Terada, Masaaki 352 Takeuchi, Hiroshi 301 Terada, Miyaji 97 Takeuchi, Masayuki 408 Teranaka, Masaaki 410 Takeuchi, Michio 433 Teranaka, Riaki 411 Takeuchi, Setsuo 424 Terao, Tadao 355 Takeyama, Tetsu 149 Terashima, Toyozo 330 Takeyasu, Y oshimitsu 293,294 Terzuolo, Carlo 565 Takezoe, Teruo 222 Titani, Koiti 562 Takimoto, Atsushi 533 Tobinaga, Seisho 422 Takimoto, Michiaki 425 Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco 565 Tamai, Akikazu 246 Tochiku, Masakazu 536 Tamai, Yoichi 497 Tochikura, Tatsumutsuro 478 Tamao, Y. 148 Toda, Fujio 428

742

Toda, Kiyoshi 312, 440 Uchida, Keiichi 42 Togawa, Hideo 140 Uchida, Takashi 489 Togawa, Murao 500 Uchida, Tsuneko 371 Tokita, Tsutomu 264 Uchida, Yuzuru 456, 661 Tokumaru, Katsumi 301 U chino, Shogo 425 Tokunaga, Toru 350,351,603 Uchiyama, Iwao 358 Tokura, Osamu 301 Uchiyama, Mitsuru 602 Tokura, Seichi 388 Uchiyama, Yuki 451 Tokushige, Masanobu 476 Uda, Shunsuke 449 Tokuyatsu, Kiyochika 229 Ueda, Katsumoto 358 Tominaga, Hirotomi 444 Ueda, Seinosuke 514 Tominaga, Isamu 57 Uehara, Nobuhiro 463 Tominaga, Yoshio 486 Uemura, Hajime 604 Tomita, Fusao 574 Ueno, Hiroya 421 Tomita, Ichiro 461 Ueno, Kazue 446 Tomita, Kenichi 491 Uesugi, Harukazu 492 Tomita, Kosuke 273 Ulmer, Kevin M. 562 Tomita, Takashi 127 Umeda, Keiji 344 Tone, Hiroshi 224 Umeya, Kenji 348 Tonegawa, Susumu 404 Umezawa, Hamao 375 Tonosaki, Yasuhiro 179 Umino, Hajime 428 Torii, Hiroyuki 301 Uozumi, Takeshi 439 Toriyama, Kunio 298 Ushizono, Koji 464 Totaba, Yasuyuki 467 Utaka, Juzo 454 Totani, Masayuki 357 Uyama, Chikao 353 Totsuka, Akira 360 Uzawa, Hirofumi 307 Toubayashi, Yushihide 483 Uzuhashi, Yuji 95 Toue, Akio 499 Wada, Akiyoshi 298,566 Toya, Yasunori 63 Wada, Eitaro 371 Toyama, Kyozen 522 Wada, Toshio 81 Toyoda, Koichi 562 Wakashiro, Michio 76 Toyoshima, Kumao 442 Wakazono, Hiroshi 187 Tsuboshina, Masami 207 Wasa, Tamotsu 487 Tsuchiya, Shuuji 193 Watake, Hiroaki 268 Tsuchiya, Takahide 423 Watanabe, Akira 454 Tsuchiya, Tomonobu 503 Watanabe, Goro 634 Tsuda, Karyu 459 Watanabe, Haruo 350 Tsuda, Kyosuke 598 Watanabe, Hisashi 194 Tsugawa, Ryuichiro 574 Watanabe, !taru 294, 301, 307, 312, 318 Tsugeno, Hajimu 116 Watanabe, Keizaburo 70 Tsugita, Takashi 115 Watanabe, Kiyoshi 110,485 Tsuji, Frederick I. 369, 485 Watanabe, Kobo 428 Tsuji, Masayasu 91 Watanabe, Kudo 405 Tsukada, Hideyuki 395 Watanabe, Kunio 263 Tsukada, Yoji 143 Watanabe, Misa 385 Tsukada, Yuzo 294 Watanabe, Shaw 352 Tsumura, Yoshihiro 41 Watanabe, Shoichiro 416 Tsunemasa, Norimi 75 Watanabe, Suzuo 146 Tsunewaki, Koichiro 478 Watanabe, Yasuto 486 Tsuruda, Teiji 421 Watanabe, Yasuyoshi 369 Tsurushima, Hisao 161 Watanabe, Yuji 466 Tsurutani, Taiji 247 Winnacker, Ernst L. 565 Uchida, Isao 570 Yabuki, Kazutoshi 487

743

Vagi, Hideharu 471 Yamazawa, Shingo 418 Vagi, Nobushige 204 Yamazumi, Takuo 238 Yajima, Izumi 250 Yanagida, Fujiharu 432 Yamada, Akira 562 Yanagida, Hiroaki 441 Yamada, Hideaki 573,478 Yanagida, Kunio 312 Yamada, Shigeki 134, 258 Yanagita, Toshio 493 Yamada, Tadashi 482 Yanase, Hitoshige 213 Yamada, Tetsuya 483 Yanase, Mutsuo 293 Yamada, Tomiaki 105 Yano, Junichi 188 Yamada, Yasuchu 492 Yano, Keiji 439 Yamada, Yasuyuki 294, 298, 318, 479 Yao, Toru 364 Yamada, Yuzo 464 Yasu, Ikuo 540 Yamagata, Tatsuya 371 Yasuda, Akizo 505 Yamagishi, Shunichi 457 Yasufuku, Katsutoshi 326 Yamaguchi, Chozo 97 Yasui, Motoshi 60 Yamaguchi, Hideo 440 Yasui, Toshio 410 Yamaguchi, Isamu 326 Yasumoto, Akira 601 Yamaguchi, Kazuo 448 Yasuoka, Noritake 470 Yamaguchi, Keiichi 196 Yochiku, Masakaza 601 Yamaguchi, Ken 352 Yogi, Seichi 522 Yamaguchi, Michio 357 Yokoi, Hatsuo Yamaguchi, Muneo 332 Yokomura, Hidekazu 484 Yamakaku, Hirotada 528 Yokoyama, Eiji 361,362 Yamamoto, Akio 429 Yokozuka, Hiroyasu 467 Yamamoto, Akira 602 Yominaga, Toshio 370 Yamamoto, Nao 452 Y oneda, Y oshifumi 440 Yamamoto, Norio 401 Yoneda, Yuko 180 Yamamoto, Shohei 501 Yoshida, Ako 301 Yamamoto, Takehiko 511 Yoshida, Genichi 461 Yamamoto, Yasushi 574,617 Yoshida, Mamoru 124 Yamamura, Kenichi 515 Yoshida, Masaki 301, 543 Yamamura, Yuichi 294, 312 Yoshida, Mitsuaki 420 Yamanaka, Hajime 573 Yoshida, Nobuo 239 Yamanaka, Masayoshi 301 Yoshida, R yo 403 Yamanaka, Takeo 427 Yoshida, Ryutaro 369, 485 Yamanaka, Y oshitada 431 Yoshida, Zen-ichi 297 Yamane, Izumi 85 Yoshihira, Kunitoshi 355, 601 Yamane, Shigeru 337 Y oshii, Hisao 432 Yamanouchi, Kazuya 312 Yoshiike, Kunihito 601 Yamashita, Atsushi 345 Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki 301 Yamashita, Makoto 274 Yoshikawa, Masanosuke 442 Yamashoji, Shiro 120 Yoshikawa, Sadao 535 Yamatani, Tomoyuki 398 Yoshikura, Hiroshi 350 Yamato, Ichiro 420 Yoshimura, Koichi 114 Yamato, Masatoshi 502 Yoshimura, Tohru 294 Yamauchi, A. 336 Yoshino, Zenichi 227 Yamauchi, Haruo 459 Yoshioka, Hirosuke 326 Yamauchi, Susumu 213 Yoshioka, Isao 416 Yamazaki, Kotaka 465 Y oshitomi, Fumihiko 373 Yamazaki; Mamoru 438 Y oshiyagawa, Makoto 269 Yamazaki, Megumi 393 Yoshizato, Minoru 358 Yamazaki, Shudo 312, 350 Yoshizawa, Haruo 195

744

Yoshizawa, Kiyoshi Yoshizawa, Susumu Y oshizumi, Hajime

360 56

572

Yura, Takashi Yutaka, Higa

480, 481 204

Index of Terms

Abbott Laboratories 55 Academic Societies, see also Association ... , Society... 10, 525f - statistics 11, 525 - meetings 526 Advanced Medical Information Service 668f Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute 6fJ7 AdvanTest 558 Adverse Drug Sufferings Relief and Research Promotion Fund 9, 313, 314, 604f,636f - research companies 637 -loans 637 - capital investment 637 Advisory groups 288 Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AlST) 302, 303f, 306, 330, 365,567,569,573,575,576,639 - foreign researcher invitation program 681

- research complex, see Tsukuba Science City ...

Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) 302, 304f, 573, 575 Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, see Society ... Agriculture 14, 22 - biotechnological methods 694 - Japan compared to Western nations 22f, 693f, 715f

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Research Council Secretariat 307, 308f, 607 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Research Council 291, 307f, 606 - members 307 - recommendations 307, 607f AGRIS database 667 Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute 444£

Aidagumi Co. 621 AIST, see Agency of Industrial Science and Technology Ajinomoto Co. 1, 19, 29, 38f, 364, 571, 574, 583, 585, 590, 598, 601, 602, 605, 606, 613,616 Akita Co. 39f Akita Jujo Chemicals Co. 39f Akita Konno Co. 40f Akita New Science Town 708 Akita University, see University ... Amano Pharmaceutical Co. 37f, 612, 613, 614,615 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 246 ANRE, see Agency of Natural Resources and Energy Anti-trust regulations 568 Anzai Universal Laboratory 616 Aoyama Gakuin University, see University ... Applied Biosystems Co. 598 Aqua Renaissance '90 Project 305, 306, 333, 335, 576, 578f Aquaculture Research Institute of Cold Zonal Fish 610 Aquarenaissance '90, see Aqua Renaissance '90 Project Arakawa-Chotaro Co. 40f Aroka Co. 588 Asahi Breweries Co. 41f, 571, 598, 600, 609,610,613 Asahi Chemical Industry Co. 6, 33, 34, 41f, 559, 571, 583, 585, 588, 598, 602, 605 Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. 613, 617 Asahi Glass Co. 42f, 559, 571, 581, 598, 603 Asahi Industries Co 42f Asahi Kasei, see Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Asahi Medicals Co. 602 Asahikawa Medical College 386f

746

Asano Construction Co. 621 ASPRONC, see Association ... Association - for Artificial Kidney Devices 602 - for Microbiology, Japan 530f - for Medical Polymers 602 - for the Promotion of New Chemistry (ASPRONC) 551f

- Japanese, Cancer 535f - Japanese, for Plant Tissue Culture 527f - Japanese, of Industrial Fermentation 527f

- Japanese, Tissue Culture 529f - Neurosciences Research, Japan 542 - of Industrial Fermentation, Japan 569 Auritsu Co. 588 B. Braun Biotech 571 Bank of Tokyo 572 Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. 43f, 571, 598 Basic research, stimulation of 9, 15, 552 Basic Technologies for Future Industries, see R&D Program ... Baxter Ltd. 598 Bayer Yakuhin 571 Beckman Instruments Co. 571 Beritas Co. 603 BIDEC, see Biotechnology Development Corporation Biotechnology Development Corporation 5, 13,31,598,548, 569f Bio Database, see Japan Bioindustry Association ... Bio Science Lab 598 Bio-Fair exhibitions 572 Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN) 9, 13, 87, 310, 608f, 634f, 709 - activities 608f - capital investment 635 - loans 610,610,636 - projects 609f Bio-Science Research Center 618 Bioelectronics 28 Biofocus Wastewater Treatment Project 321, 362, 620f Bioindustry 29f, 546 Biomaterials Research Institute Co. 44f, 364f, 595f, 633 Bioreactor for Food Industry Project, see R&D Project ... Biosensor Laboratories Co. 44f, 605f Biotechno-System Agrogenetics Co. 171 Biotechnology database, see Japan

Bioindustry Association ... Biotechnology methods - in agriculture and fisheries 694 - in industry 547f Biotechnology products, see also rDNA­related products ... - market expectation 3f, 5f, 6, 31 - market growth 5, 31 - sales 4f, 32f Botanical Society of Japan, see Society ... BRAIN, see Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution Brain Research Institute, see University of Niigata Brewing Society of Japan, see Society ... Bristol-Myers K.K. 598 Budapest Treaty 656 Budget - national 17, 626 - for R&D, int~rnational comparison 716 - prefectural 626 - science and technology 716 C. Itoh Co. 28 C. Itoh Sugar Co. 44f California Medical University, Irvine 81 Calpis Food Industry 35, 598, 601 Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research 376f Cancer Research Campaign Technology, UK 246 Cancer research 313,314,316,381,382 Canon Co. 571 Cellco Advanced Bioreactors, Inc. 171 Cell culture products, sales 32 Celltech Co. 246 Celltech Diagnostics Co. 246 Centocor Co. 266 Centers for Cooperative Research, see Ministry of Education, Science and Culture ... Center - for Development of Environmental Resources 609f

- for Environmental Hygiene 601 - for Waste Treatment Technology 601 Central Engineering Construction Co. 45f Central Glass Co. 372 Cetus Co. 29 Chemical Research Institute of Non­Aqueous Solutions, see University of Tohoku ... Chemical Society of Japan, see Society ...

Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute 6, 34, 35, 45f, 372f, 555, 598, 600,601 Chiba Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Chiba Serum Products 601 Chiba University, see University ... Chimeratech Corp. 74 Chino Works 616 Chisso Co. 372, 590, 598 Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Co. 46f, 571, 579, 590, 598, 612, 621 Chiyogiku Co. 47f Chori Co. 28 Chubu Electric Power Co. 48f Chuetsu Yeast Industry Co. 48f Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 19, 49f, 571,586,598,601,602,603,606,617 Chuo Electric Co. 588 Chuo Kagaku Co. 571 Chuo University, see University ... Ciba-Geigy (Japan) Ltd. 50f, 571, 598 CNRS 589 Coca-Cola Japan 571 Committee system 7, 288 Communication Centers 709 Connaught Laboratories 53 Consensus 7 Contextual measures 550 Cooperation, forms of 11f - survey 30 Cooperative Research Centers, see Ministry of Education, Science and Culture ... Core University System 684 Cosmetics Association 600 Cosmo Bio Co. 51£ Cosmo Oil Co. 51, 372, 590 Council for Aeronautics, Electronics and other Advanced Technologies 296, 297f - committee of biotechnology, members 297

Council for Science and Technology 7, 289, 291, 292f, 295, 383, 551£, 567, 575, - committee on policy matters 293, 295 - members 293 - life science subcommittee, members 294

- recommendations 552f - policy guidelines 552f Council system, overview 291£ CPC International Co. 571 Culture collections, see Depositories ...

Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 572,598 Dai-Ichi Pharmaceuticals 600 Dai-Ichi Pure Chemicals 598

747

Daicel Chemical Industries Co. 51£, 571, 583, 584, 595, 598 Daiei Food Industries Co. 52£ Daiichi Pharmaceuticals, see Daiichi Seiyaku Daiichi Seiyaku Co. 6,19, 52f, 558, 559, 571,598,601,602,603,605 Daiichi Togyo Co. 53f Daikin Industries 54f, 559 Dainabot Co. 54f, 55 Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. 55f, 372, 571, 598 Dainippon Pharmaceuticals Co. 6, 35, 55f, 572, 599, 602, 603 Dainippon Sugar Manufacturing Co. 56f Daisan Industries 697 Daiseki Co. 56f Daishin Marine Products Co. 57f Daiso Co. 57f Daiwa Kasei KK 58f Databases, see also under individual organizations 661£ - for Biotechnology, see Japan Bioindustry Association ...

- AGRIS system 9, 667 - regional high tech network project 9 - Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST) 9, 299, 323, 329f,662f

- on-line network 664f - Tsukuba office 9, 330f, 665

- JETRO Ace 9, 667 - NACSIS system 9, 665 - private 668f - RECREAS system 9, 667 Denka Seiken Co. 59f, 599, 601 Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK 6Of, 571, 583, 584, 599, 612 Depositories 9, 646f - DNA Data Bank of Japan 9, 655f - fish genetic resources 660 - Gene Bank Project, MAFF 9, 309, 343f, 345, 634, 657f

- Institute for Fermentation Osaka (IFO) 373f,652f

- Japan Collection of Microorganisms 9, 326,653f

- Japanese Cancer Research Resources Bank, MHW 9,66Of

- Japanese Federation of Culture

748

Collections 647f, 654 - survey of available strains 648f

- of the MAFF 657 - of the MHW 660 - of the MITI 656 - of the STA 653 - of Monbusho 654 - of RIIffiN 654 - patent microorganism depository, Fermentation Research Institute 9, 306, 332, 334, 656f - RIIffiN Gene Bank 9, 328, 654f - tree genetic resources 660 - World Data Center 654 Developmental Biology Research Center 618 Dick Degremon Co. 579,621 Diversification 3 DKKCo. 616 DNA Data Bank of Japan 655f Doctor's degree, statistics 10 Dojindo Laboratories 559 Doshisha University, see University ... Dow Chemical Co. 589 Dowa Constructions Co. 621 Dowa Mining Co. 6Of, 372, 571 Drug Delivery System Institute Ltd. (DDS) 59f, 605f DSM Co. 571 DuPont Japan 599 E. Merck, Darmstadt 258 Earth Chemical Co. 34, 61£, 599 Earth Pharmaceuticals, see Earth Chemical Co. Ebara Infilco Co. 62f, 571, 621 Ebara Research Co. 62f, 579, 581 Economy, Gross National Product 17 - Gross Domestic Product 17 Education and science - national expenditure 626 - local expenditures 626 - school system 378f - university system, see Universities ... Ehime University, see University ... Eiburu Co. 612 Eiken Chemicals Co. 603 Eisai Co. 19, 35, 557, 571, 599, 601, 602, 603,605,697 Electrochemical Society of Japan, see Society ... Electrotechnical Laboratory 337f, 587 EMBL Heidelberg 655 Endowed chairs 381

Eniwa Research Business Park 560 Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co. 63f, Environmental Agency 32Of, 690, 691 - budget 289 - research institutes 360f ERATO project, see Exploratory Research for.4dvanced Technology Eurolysine 38 Exchange of researchers, international 678,683 Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) 9, 13, 297, 299, 554,555f - projects, see under individual names - research grants 678 Ezaki Glico Co. 63f,614 Falcom Hitac Co. 697 Fermentation Research Institute 332£, 584,585 - Patent Microorganism Depository, see Depositories ...

Fermentech Co. 246 Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme 627 FKKR&D 571 Flowergate Co. 122 Food Bioreactor Association, see R&D Project ... Food intake, Japan vs. USA 21£,714f Food and Drug Safety Research Center 313, 601, 602, 603 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 346 Foundation of Economic Trends, USA 675 Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research 313 Frontier Research Program 9,297,299, 327,560f - buildings 561 - organizational structure 561 - research grants 678 Fruit Tree Research Station 348£ Fuji Boseki 602 Fuji Chemical Industries Co. 64£ Fuji Electric Co. 64£, 571, 616, 571 Fuji Oil Co. 65f, 571, 612, 616 Fuji Pharmaceutical Industry Co 66f, 557 Fuji Photo Film Co. 66£, 571, 588 Fuji Spinning Co. 67f Fujihara 616 Fujijin Shoyu Co. 67£, 275 Fujikin 697

Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Fujirebio, Inc. 68f, 599 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 19,33, 34, 35, 68f, 571, 599, 602, 603, 605, 609, 697 Fujita Co. 69f, 621, 621 Fujitsu 364, 571, 581, 587, 615, 697 Fujiwara Pharmaceuticals Co. 557 Fukuda Electron Co. 588 Fukui Medical School 444f Fukui University, see University ... Fukuoka Industrial Research Institute 559 Fukuyama University, see University ... Fund for Overseas Scientific Research 684 Fundokin Shoyu Co. 70f, 275 Furukawa Electric Co. 192, 588 Furusawa MorphoGenes Project 556, 558f Fuso Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 600 Fuso Water Industries Co. 70f Gakken Co. 71f Gei Di Agris Co. 103 Gekkeikan Sake Co. 71£,571,599,609 Gemini Science Co. 122 Gen Co-operation 610 GenBank Los Alamos 655 Gene Bank Project, see Ministry of Agriculture ... Genentech 29, 599, 600 Genetics Institute 122, 571 Genetics Society of Japan, see Society ... Genex 29 Genzyme Japan 571 Ghen Corporation 72f Gifu Bio Farm Co. 73f Gifu Immunology Research Institute 610 Gifu University, see University ... Global environment project, see R&D Project ... Godo Sake 557 Godo Shusei Co. 73f, 571, 590 Goodrich Chemicals Co. 192 Government, survey of biotechnology programs, see also under individual ministry 549f Government Publication Service Center 668f Green Cross Co. (Midori Juji) 6, 34, 36, 74f, 555, 599, 601, 603, 615 Green Planet Project, see R&D Project ... Green Research Center Co. 75f

Grelan Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Group-oriented perception 14 Gunma University, see University ... Gunze Ltd. 75f Hagiwara Institute of Health 599 Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co. 76f, 609 Hamamatsu Hotnics 605 Hamamatsu Institute for Mechatronics Technology 708 Hamamatsu Photonics 557,588 Hana Biologics 68 Harima Chemicals, Inc. 76f Harwell Laboratory 589 Hasegawa 614

749

Hayaishi Bioinformation Transfer Project 556f Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc. 6, 77f, 571 Hayashikane Sangyo Co. 78f Hazama-Gumi 78f, 571, 581 Health care, expenditures 19 Health Science Council 291, 311, 312, 597 - biotechnology committee 312f - recommendations 597 Heian Metal Industry 588 Heiwa Information Center 669f Helix International 195 HFSP, see Human Frontier Science Program ... Higashimaru Shoyu Co. 79f Higeta Shoyu Co. 79f Himae Sanatorium 603 Himeji Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Hirosaki University, see University ... Hiroshima Institute for Tissue Culture Technology, Ltd. 80f Hiroshima University, see University ... Hisamitsu Pharmaceuticals 559 History 1, 287, 546 Hitachi Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Co. 80f Hitachi Chemical Co. 81£, 372, 571 Hitachi Ltd. 27, 82f, 329, 560, 571, 587, 588, 590 Hitachi Electronics 697 Hitachi Medico 588 Hitachi Plant Engineering and Construction Co. 83f, 579, 596 Hitachi Research Center, Irvine, California 81 Hitachi Zosen Corporation 84f, 571, 581,

750

609, 711 Hodogaya Chemical Co. 84f, 372, 571, 617, 697 Hoechst Japan Ltd. 85f, 571, 599 Hohnen Oil Co. 86f Hokkai Can Co. - Canning Research Institute 86f Hokkaido Bank 609 Hokkaido Bank Foundation 572 Hokkaido Electric Power 609 Hokkaido Green-Bio Institute 87f, 609f, 711 Hokkaido Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Hokkaido Nissin Co. 87f Hokkaido Sankyo 711 Hokkaido Sugar Co. 88f Hokkaido Takushoku Bank 609 Hokkaido University, see University ... Hokko Chemical Industry Co. 89f, 617 Hokudo Co. 89f Hokuriku Seiyaku 599 Hokusan 697 Hokusan Showa 618 Hokuto Industries Co. 90f Hombo Brewery Co. 90f Horikoshi Superbugs Project 556, 557f Hoshi University, see University ... Hospital of Childrens Diseases 602 Hoyu Co. 91£ Human Frontier Science Program 9, 13, 296, 306, 299, 563f, 567, 588, 593 - grants 565 - organizational structure 564 - research grants 678 - scholarships 9 - scientific committee 565 - targets 565f Human genome sequencing project 297, 299,329 Human Science News 599 Ibaraki University, see University ... IBM 559 Ichibiki Co. 91£ Idemitsu Kosan Co. 92f, 557, 571, 581, 590 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. 92f, 603 IFO (Institute for Fermentation Osaka), see Depositories ... Ihara Chemical Industry Co. 93f, 581 Ikeda Genosphere Project 556, 560f Ikeda Mohando 600 Ikeda Tohka Industries Co. 93f Imasen Technology Laboratory 588

Imre Co. 256 Imuraya Confectionalry Co. 94f Ina Food Industry Co. 94f INA New Civil Engineering Research Center 697 Inaba Biophoton Project 556, 558f Industrial Products Research Institute, see Research Institute ... Industrial Technology Council 291, 300f, 302, 566 - Future Technology Development Subcommittee 301

- members 300 Industry - agriculture and fisheries 22f - available methods in biotechnology 31, 547f

- biotechnology personnel 3, 12, 30, 31, 547,720 - average size of groups 4 - in genetic engineering 30, 547, 641

- business fields of companies entering biotechnology 3

- chemical 4, 20f - construction 4, 26f - diversification 17, 29 - electric machinery 27f - energy-related 25f - expectations on government measures 30

- expenditure for life sciences and biotechnology R&D 3, 4, 11, 547, 720

- expenditure for rDNA-reiated R&D 641

- exports 18f - fermentation-based 1, 18f, 29 - food 4,20f - iron and steel 25f - joint research with universities 383f, 619f

- market informations, see Biotechnology products ...

- metal leaching 4 - mining and energy 4, 25f - pharmaceutical 4, 19f - policy 546f - pulp and paper 24f - rDNA products, see rDNA-related products ...

- regional tie-ups 711 - shipbuilding 26f - textiles 4, 23f Information collection, international 9, 28

Information exchange, international 678 Information Management Service and Research 669 Information networks, see Data banks ... Information systems 552 Infrastructure, measures 552 Ingene Co. 74 Inro Biomedical Co. 246 Institutes, see also Research Institute ... , National Institute ... Institute - for Advanced Skin Research, Inc. 606f - for Aviation Fuel Fermentation 332 - for Biofunctional Research, Ltd. 605f - for Chemical Research, see University of Kyoto

- for Fermentation Osaka (IFO), see Depositories ...

- for Protein Research, see University of Kyoto ...

- for Virus Research, see University of Kyoto ...

- of Applied Microbiology, see University of Tokyo ... - of Cytosignal Research Inc. 604f - of Genetic Ecology, see University of Tohoku ...

- of Immunological Sciences, see University of Hokkaido ... - of Medical Science, see University of Tokyo ...

- of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) 296,297,299, 323f, 557, 560, 647, 678 - Gene Bank 325, 328 - Life Science Center, Tsukuba 327f, 676,695 - P4 Laboratory 327, 328, 646 - organizational structure 325

- of Public Health 313, 358f - of Scientific and Industrial Research, see University of Osaka ...

Institute of Technology - Chiba 405f - Himeji 469f - Hokkaido 393f - Kumamoto 513f, 574 - Kyoto 473f - Massachusetts (MIT) 589 - Muroran 383 - Tokyo 426f

- Graduate School at Nagatsuta 428f - Research Institute of Resources

Utilization 429f Intel Japan 697 International Bio-Research 571 International Board for Plant Genetic Resources 659

751

Internationalization 9, 15, 552, 567, 677f Investments in biotechnology, see Ministry of Finance ... Iseki Co. 95f Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Co. 95f, 571, 607, 617 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. 96f, 571, 579, 616 Itoh Ham 614,616 Itoh Oil Manufacturing Co. 97f Itoman Co. 28 Iwai Construction 613 Iwaki Meisei University, see University ... Iwata Chemical Co. 97f Iwate Bank 620 Iwate Bio-Research Center Ltd. 98f, 609 Iwate Prefectural Brewing and Research Institute 393f Iwate University, see University ... Japan Academy 315, 320f Japan Agricultural Chemicals 610 Japan Association of Industrial Fermentation, see Association ... Japan Association for Microbiology, see Association ... Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA) 5, 9, 13, 30, 302, 548, 569~ 579, 629, 662 - activities 572 - biotechnology database 572, 662, 665f - international cooperation 574f - organizational structure 570 - public acceptance measures 677f - publications 574 - regional biotechnology association network 710 Japan Cancer Research Bank, MHW 9 Japan Chemical Engineering and Machinery 571 Japan Collection of Microorganisms, see Depositories ... Japan Corn Starch Co. 98f Japan Development Bank 14, 629f, 709 - infrastructure development 629 - loans 630f - R&D promotion 629 Japan Economic Journal, see Journals ... Japan Element Industry Co. 99f Japan Ethanol 571

752

Japan Exchange and Teaching Program 683 Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) 9, 29, 667 - JETRO ACE database, see Databases ... Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (Keidanren) 288, 550f Japan Food Processing Co. 99f Japan Health Sciences Foundation 9,13, 311, 313, 314, 548, 597f - activities 598f - organizational structure 598 - R&D projects 600f Japan Horse Race Equipment 610 Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) 303,672 - Industrial Standards Committee 640 Japan Industrial Technology Association (JITA) 303f, 569, 577 Japan Information Center on Science and Technology (JICST), see Databases ... Japan Information Processing Service 615 Japan Institute for Chemical Information 670f Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC) 679 Japan Key-Tec Center 9, 13,302, 362, 363, 594f, 632f - capital investment 595, 633 - consigned research 633 - international fellowships 681 - projects 595f - R&D loans 595, 634 - research institutes 362f Japan Key Technology Center, see Japan Key-Tee Center ... Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 670f Japan Medical Abstracts Society 671f Japan Neuroscience Society, see Society ... Japan Neurosciences Research Association, see Association ... Japan Oil Chemists Society, see Society ... Japan on-line information system (JOIS) 663 Japan Organo Co. 100f, 571, 579, 612 Japan Patent Information Organiation (JAPIO) 686 Japan Pharmaceutical Development Co. 100f,571 Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center 671f

Japan R&D Association for Sensing System in Food Industry, see R&D Association ... Japan Sake Association 609 Japan Scientific Instrument Co. 101f Japan Sewage System Association 621 Japan Society for Biomaterials, see Society ... Japan Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, see Society ... Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, see Society ... Japan Society for Cell Biology, see Society ... Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, see Society ... Japan Society for Biomedical Gerontechnology, see Society ... Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 9, 315, 319f, 682f - budget 319 - international joint research projects 319, 683

- international fellowships 319, 682 Japan Standards Association 672f Japan Steel Works, Ltd. 101f,571 Japan Synthetic Alcohol 571 Japan Synthetic Rubber Co. 102f,372, 571,589 Japan Tobacco Inc. 103f, 571, 594, 609 - research center 215 Japan Trust International Research Cooperation 594 - Service 633, 681 Japan Turf Grass 610 Japan Veterinary College 559 Japanese Association of Industrial Fermentation, see Association ... Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, see Association ... Japanese Biochemical Society, see Society ... Japanese Cancer Association, see Association ... Japanese Cancer Research Resources Bank, see Ministry of Health and Welfare ... Japanese Federation of Culture Collections, see Depositories ... Japanese Neurochemical Society, see Society ... Japanese Pharmacological Society, see Society ...

Japanese R&D Association for Bioreactor System, see R&D Association ... Japanese R&D Association for the Improvement of Enzyme Function in the Food Industry, see R&D Associaton ... Japanese Society - for Bacteriology, see Society .. . - for Biorheology, see Society .. . - for Breeding, see Society ... - for Enzyme Engineering, see Society ... - for Laboratory Animal Science, see Society ...

- for Marine Biotechnology, see Society ... - of Chemical Engineers, see Society ... - of Developmental Biologists, see Society ...

- of Food Science and Technology, see Society ...

- of Microbial Ecology, see Society ... - of Nutrition and Food Science, see Society ...

- of Pharmacognosy, see Society ... - of Plant Physiologists, see Society ... - of Polymer Science, see Society ... - of Scientific Fisheries, see Society ... Japanese Tissue Culture Association, see Association ... JBA, see Japan Bioilldustry Association ... JCR Pharmaceuticals Co. 104f JETRO, see Japall External Trade Organization JGC Corporation 104f, 557, 571, 590 JICST, see Japan Infonnation Center for Science and Technology JIS, see Japan Industrial Standards JITA, see Japan Industrial Techllology Association JOIS, see Japan on-line Infonnation Service Journals - biotechnology-related 673f - circulation number 662 JRDC, see Research Development Corporation of J apall ... JSP Corporation 571 JSPS, see Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ... J ujo Paper Co. 105f KF. Engineering Co. l06f K.I. Chemical Industry Co. 106f Kagawa University, see University ... Kagome Co. 107f Kagoshima University, see University ...

753

Kagura Shuzo KK 107f Kainos Laboratories, Inc. 108f Kajima Co. 108f, 571, 581, 621 Kaken Pharmaceuticals 599 Kanazawa University, see University ... Kanebo Ltd. l09f, 571, 599, 601 Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co. 110f, 364,372,557,571,599,602 Kanematsu-Gosho 28 Kanoji Institute Research Foundation 110f Kansai Electric Power Co. 111£ Kansai Koso Co. 111£ Kansai Paint Co. 112f, 571, 581, 590 Kansai Science City 14, 368, 593, 688, 698f,733 - milestones during construction 698 - research clusters 700 Kansai University, see University ... Kanzaki Paper Manufacturing Co. 113f Kao Corporation 113f, 559, 571, 583, 584, 586, 599, 616 Kashima Oil Co. 114f,571 Katokichi Co. 115f, 602 Kawadana Hospital 602 Kawano Mericlone Co. 116f Kawasaki Heavy Industry Co. 116f, 571, 579,697 Kawasaki Steel Co. 117f, 581 Kawasho Co. 28 Kayaku Antibiotics Research Co. 117f, 599 Keidanren, see Japan Federation of Economic Orgallizations ... Keio University, see University ... Kensetsukikaku 697 Kewpie Jozo Co. 118f Kibi Plateau New Science Center 708 Kibun Food Chemifa Co. 118f, 616 Kihara Institute for Biological Research 463 Kikkoman Co. 29,34,35, 121£,571,599, 613, 615, 616 Kiku-Masame Sake Brewing Co. 119f Kimitsu Chemical Industries Co. 119f King Brewing Co. 120f Kinjirushi Wasabi Co. 120f Kirin Brewery Co. 1, 6, 19, 33, 121£, 364, 571,574,581,599,601,603,609 Kirin Mugishu 604 Kirin-Amgen Co. 122 Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Kitamura Miso Shoyu Jozo 122f

754

Kitasato Institute 374f, 599, 600 Kitasato University, see University ... Koa Oil 571, 590 Kobe Steel, Ltd. 123f, 571, 579, 589, 621, 697 Kobe University, see University ... Kobori Sake Brewing Co. 123f Kochi University, see University ... Kodama Ltd. 599 Kohjin Co. 124f, 571, 599 Koiwai Agriculture Co. 609, 618 Koiwai Noboku, see Koiwai Agriculture Co. Kokando Co. 125f Komatsu Ltd. 125f, 571, 621 Komatsugawa Chemical Engineering Co. 126f, 612, 613 Konica Corporation 571 Konoshima Chemicals, Inc. 127f Konsho-Mataichi Co. 28 Korean Standard Research Institute 589 Kotobuki Seiyaku 599 Kowa Co. 127f, 559, 571, 599, 600, 602 KRI International, Inc. 128f Kuboko Pharmaceutical Co. 559 Kubota Ltd. 128f, 571, 579 Kumagai Gumi Co. 129f Kumamoto Applied Electronics Mechanical Technology Institute 708 Kumamoto Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Kumamoto Techno-Research Park 708 Kumamoto University, see University ... Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. 129f, 557, 617 Kumiai Kagaku Kogyo, see Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Kunitake Molecular Architecture Project 556,559f Kurabo Industries Ltd. 130f Kuraray Co. 131£, 372, 559, 571, 652, 586, 588,599,602,605 Kureha Chemical Industry Co. 132f, 571, 599,603 Kureran Pharmaceutical Co. 602, 603 Kurita Construction 621 Kurita Earthworks 610, 613 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. 133f, 571, 579,590 Kurogane Products 609 Kuupii 557 Kyocera Co. 589,599 Kyodo Milk 612

Kyodo Shiryo Co. 133f, 600 Kyorin Pharmaceuticals Co. 134f, 599 Kyoritsu Organic Product Institute 610 Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co. 134f Kyoto Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Kyoto Prefectural University, see University ... Kyoto University, see University ... K yowa Chemical Engineering 621 Kyowa Consultants 697 Kyowa Electric 588 Kyowa Gas Chemical Industry, Co. 372 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. 2, 6, 19, 29, 33, 34, 35, 135f, 364, 372, 546, 557, 570, 571, 573,574,581,583,585,588,590,596,599, 601,602,603,609,617,694,711 Kyowa Medies 19,603 Kyowa Pharmaceuticals 599 Kyowa Seeds Co. 136f Kyushu Electric Power Co. 136f Kyushu Kako Co. 137f Kyushu Kyoritsu University, see University ... Kyushu Nyugyo Co. 138f Kyushu University, see University ... Large-scale projects 305, 310, 568f, 576, 577,588,607 Lead Chemical Co. 599 Lenti-Chemico Pharmaceuticals Co. 38 Licensing 13 Life Technology Research Foundation 376f Lifies Co. 103 Lion Co. 138f, 571, 588, 599, 600 Local banks, investments in biotechnology 14 Lotte Co. 139f M&D Research Co. 141£ Machida Construction 588 Maeta Concrete Industry 140f Maezawa Construction 621 MAFF, see Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ... Mann's Wine Co. 140f Marine Biotechnology project 13, 305, 306, 333, 548, 576 Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. (MBI) 13, 141£, 366f, 567, 581£ - capitalization 632 Marine Products Development Center 609 Marubeni Co. 28, 142f

Marubeni Shiryo 618 Marubishi Bioengineering Co. 143f, 571 Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Marukin Shoyu Co. 143f Maruko Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Marusan-Ai Co. 143f Maruzen Petrochemical 571 Maryland Research Center 210 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. 144f, 585, 588 Matsushita Research Institute 587, 588 Max Planck Institute 559 Max-Planck Institute, Koeln 171 MBI, see Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. MD Research Institute 595f Mect Co. 599 Medical and Biological Laboratories Co. 144f Medical Information System Development Center 601 Medical Instrument Society of Japan, see Society ... Medical Research Council, UK 246 Meidensha 621 Meiji Chocolate 612 Meiji Milk Product Co. 6, 145f, 571, 599, 600, 601, 603, 616, 618 Meiji period 1, 287 Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. 6,21, 146f,557, 571, 595, 599, 600, 601, 603, 605, 609, 616, 617 Meiji University, see University ... Meito Sangyo Co. 147f, 571, 599, 613 Merck Co., USA 41,43 MHW, see Ministry of Health and Welfare ... Microtec Two-One Co. 148f Midori Juji, see Green Cross Co. Mie University, see University ... Mikado Seed Growers 148f Minamata accident 551 Ministries - expenditure in life science and biotechnology 289f

- history 287 - location 290 - general overview 7, 29lf - rivalries 7, 288 Ministry·of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) 8, 9, 13, 23, 291, 306f, 550,606,628,634,690,691 - AGRIS database, see Databases ...

- Biotechnology Division 309 - BRAIN program, see Bio-oriented Research Advancement Institution ... - budget 289, 309 - Gene Bank Project, see Depositories ... - international fellowships 9, 682 - Kanto Forest Tree Breeding Institute 660f

- organizational structure 307f - R&D policy 307,606f - rDNA guidelines 644 - RECRAS database, see Databases ... - research institutes 8, 338f - research institutes, locations 340f

755

- Tsukuba research complex, see Tsukuba Science City ...

Ministry of Construction 32lf, 62lf, 691 - budget 289 - research institutes 8, 362f Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Monbusho) 8,9,10,13, 14,291, 314f, 690, 691 - budget 289, 316f, 38lf - centers for cooperative research 9, 13, 14, 383f, 620, 709

- competitive grants 38lf - cooperation with industry 383f, 619 - grants-in-aid 382f - international fellowships 9, 319f, 682 - "koza" fund 381 - NACSIS database, see Databases ... - organizational structure 315f - patent management 619 - R&D policy 618f - rDNA guidelines 643 - research institutes 8, 11, 372, 380, 384f - Science and International Affairs Bureau 315, 316, 318 - subsidies 316 Ministry of Finance 289, 291, 320f, 608, 628f,709 - research institutes 359f - tax exemptions 30,568,572, 628f, 629, 702

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Research Institutes 8 Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) 8,9,10, 13,289,291, 310f, 628, 636, 645, 676, 690, 691 - approval procedure for pharmaceuticals 645

- budget 289, 314f - Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Division 311

756

- depositories 660 - Division of Life Science 312f, 597 - international fellowships 9,682 - Japanese Cancer Research Resources Bank, see Depositories ... - organizational structure 311f - R&D policy 597f - rDNA guidelines 645 - research institutes 9, 349f Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Mm) 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 29, 30, 287,289,291, 299f, 362, 365, 546, 550, 564, 566f, 567, 594, 628, 629, 632, 637, 640,643,690,691 - Biochemical Industry Division 302f, 567 - biotechnology projects 306f - budget 289, 306f - international cooperation 567 - international fellowships 9,679 - Japan Patent Information Organization 666f

- JBA Biotechnology database, see Japan Bioindustry Association ...

- joint research with industry 305 - organizational structure 302f - R&D policy 3OOf, 566f - rDNA guidelines 643f - Refining Division, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy 304f

- research institutes 9, 330f, 690 - technopolis plan 14,701f Ministry of Post and Telecommunications 8,291,362,594,632,691 - research institutes 8 Ministry of Transport, research institutes 8 MITI, see Ministry of International Trade and Industry ... Mitsubishi Bank 599 Mitsubishi Cable Industry Co. 588 Mitsubishi Cement Co. 609 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, see Mitsubishi Kasei Co. Mitsubishi Corporation 17, 28, 149f, 599, 697 Mitsubishi Electric Co. 27, 149f, 557, 571, 579,584,587,588,697 Mitsubishi Engineering Co. 612 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co. 150f, 372, 571,583,584,599,613 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 150f, 571, 590, 613 Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd. 151f, 571

Mitsubishi Kasei Co. 6, 33, 35, 152f, 364, 370, 547, 559, 583, 584, 586, 587, 599, 603, 604,613 Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences 370f, 547, 583, 585 Mitsubishi Metals Co. 588 Mitsubishi Oil Co. 153f, 571, 590, 609 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co. 153f, 557, 571, 652, 586, 599 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Engineering Co. 571 Mitsubishi Rayon Co. 154f, 579, 602 Mitsubishi Research Institute 588 Mitsubishi Trading 697 Mitsui Co. 17,28, 155f,604 Mitsui Construction Co. 621 Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. 156f, 559, 571, 612 Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co. 329,672 Mitsui Norin Co. 156f Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. 157f, 571, 584, 583, 596, 599, 600, 601, 711 Mitsui Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 158f, 559, 599,603 Mitsui Sugar Co. 158f, 612 Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank 571 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. 35, 159f, 559,571,583,585,596,603,617 Mitsusawa Rikagaku Kogyo Co. 159f Miyajima Shoyu Co. 160f Miyazaki Research Park 708 Miyazaki University, see University ... Miyoshi Co. 16Of, 711 Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co. 161f Mizuno Bioholonics Project 556f Mizutani Plant Ecochemicals Project 556, 559f Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 35, 161f, 599,603 Mohan Medicine Research Institute 599 Molecular Biology Society of Japan, see Society ... Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, see University of Tokyo ... Momoya Co. 162f Monbusho, see Ministry of Education, Science and Culture ... Monsanto Japan 571 Moonlight project 305 Morinaga Co. 163f, 616 Morinaga Institute of Biological Science KK. 163f, 571

Morinaga Milk Industry Co. 21, 164f, 571, 599, 600, 601 Morinaga Sugar Co. 557 Morishita Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Morita Co. 165f Municipal Clinical Research Center 600 Murakami Color Research Laboratory 616 Mycological Society of Japan, see Society ... N.T. Science 610 Nacalai Tesque, Inc. 165f NACSIS database, see Databases ... Nagaoka Regional Technology Development Center 708 Nagaoka University of Technology, see University ... Nagase Biochemicals 166f,614 Nagoya City University, see University ... Nagoya University, see University ... Nakano Vinegar Co. 167f Nanei Togyo Co. 609 Nara Women's University, see University ... National Agriculture Research Center 344f National Cancer Center 313, 351f National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute 353f, 601, 602, 603 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry 313, 355f, 600, 601, 603 National Center for Environmental Health 601, 603 National Chemical Laboratory for Industry 334f, 584, 585, 587, National Childrens' Medical Research Center 600, 601, 602, 603, 661 National development plan 687 National Diet Library 668f National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations 130f National Food Research Institute 343f, 695 National Institute, see also National Research Institute ... - for Agro-Environmental Sciences 346f, 645 - contained greenhouse 347, 645

- for Basic Biology 456f - for Environmental Studies 320, 361f - for Molecular Science 456f - for Physiological Sciences 457f - of Agrobiological Resources 341f, 560, 658

757

- of Animal Health 347f - of Genetics 11, 457f

- genetic resources section 655f - of Health 313, 349f, 600, 601, 603

- opposition to 676 - Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science 351, 359

- of Health and Nutrition 357f - of Hygienic Science 313, 354f, 600, 601, 602,603

- of Neuroscience, see National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry ...

- of Nutrition 313, 603 - of Public Health 358f, 601, 602 - of Radiological Sciences 299, 329f - of Science and Technology Policy 295, 296

- of Sericultural and Entomological Science 348f National Research Institute, see also National Institute ... - of Aquaculture 345f, 660f - of Brewing 320, 359f National Research Institutes 7 National Science Foundation, USA 684 NCI 557 NEC Corporation 168f, 571, 587, 614, 697 NEDO, see New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization ... NEEDS, see Nikkei Database Neos Co. 168f Nestle KK 599 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) 9, 13, 302, 365f, 569, 574, 575f, 590, 630f - application procedure for R&D projects 631

- budget 577 - international joint-research program 588f

- international fellowships 680 - international research collaboration center 681

- international research grants 680 - organizational structure 576f - patents 577 - projects 577 - research facility investment program 365,631

- research institutes 365f - technology transfer 577 New Japan Chemical Co. 169f

758

Newspapers, circulation number 662 NGK Insulators, Ltd. 169f, 571, 579 Nibishi Shoyu KK 170f Nichigai Associates 672 Nichimen Co. 28, 170f Nichirei Co. 171f, 571, 581, 599, 603, 616 Nichirei Gene Laboratory, see University, Tokai Nichiro Fisheries Co. 172f Nihon Alcohol Co. 571 Nihon Bunko 558 Nihon Chemicals 34 Nihon Data General 588 Nihon DEC 364 Nihon Denpun Kogyo Co. 172f Nihon Electric Co. 588 Nihon Gaishi 601 Nihon Iyakuhin Kogyo Co. 173f Nihon Kayaku 603, 617 Nihon Kentetsu 602 Nihon Koden Kogyo 588 Nihon Koshi 621 Nihon Medi-Physics Co. 173f,599 Nihon Meiji Physics 605 Nihon Millipore Co. 571 Nihon Nosan Kogyo KK 173f Nihon Noyaku 617 Nihon Pall Co. 571 NihonPCG 600 Nihon Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 600, 603 Nihon Polio Center 601 Nihon Semiconductors 697 Nihon Shinyaku 600 Nihon Shoji 556, 600, 603 Nihon Shokken Co. 174f Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co. 174f, 557, 571, 614 Nihon Soda Co. 617 Nihon Texas Instruments Co. 697 Nihon University, see University ... Nihon Vacuum Technology 697 Nihon Zeon Co. 600, 601 Niigata Engineering Co. 555, 613 Niigata University, see University ... Nikka Densoku 616 Nikka Whisky 571, 599, 601, 609 Nikkei Biotech, see Journals ... Nikkei Database 670f Nikken Chemicals Co. 175f, 599, 612 Nikken Food Co. 176f Nikki 613 Nikkoso 588 Nikon 588

Nippoh Chemicals Co. 176f, 571 Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co. 177f,711 Nippon BioRad 571 Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. 177f, 599 Nippon Chemical Feed Co. 178f Nippon Chemiphar 599, 697 Nippon DEC 697 Nippon Flour Mills Co. 179f Nippon Foods 612 Nippon Gene Co. 179f Nippon Hazleton 571 Nippon Institute for Biological Science (NIBS) 373f Nippon Kayaku Co. 180f, 571, 599 Nippon Keisoku Kogyo 616 Nippon Kokan KK 181f, 571, 581 Nippon Meat Packers 616 Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. 181f Nippon Mining Co. 182f, 372, 571, 581, 590, 599 Nippon Oil Co. 183f, 571, 590 Nippon Oil and Fats Co. 183f, 571, 599, 603,606,614,697 Nippon Paint Co. 184f Nippon Paper and Pulp 697 Nippon Petroleum Refining Co. 184f, 579 Nippon Pharmaceuticals 603 Nippon Plate Glas 697 Nippon Roche KK. 330, 185f, 364, 571, 599 Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. 187f, 613 Nippon Shinyaku Co. 187f, 557, 599 Nippon Shiryo Kogyo Co. 188f Nippon Shoji Kaisha 185f, 599 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Co. 188f, 571 Nippon Soda Co. 189f, 372, 571 Nippon Steel Co. 189f, 372, 571, 584, 589, 595, 601 Nippon Steel Chemicals 372, 571, 601 Nippon Suisan Kaisha 19Of, 581, 610, 616 Nippon Synthetic Rubber 697 Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co. 19lf Nippon Telephone and Telegraph 363, 594 Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co. 191f Nippon Zeon Co. 192f, 571, 599 Nireco Co. 616 Nishihara Environmental Research Center 621, 621 Nishihara Environmental Sanitation Co. 579

Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd. 192f, 372, 579, 617 Nissan Construction 610 Nissan Motor Co. 372 Nissan Pharmaceutical Co. 193f Nisseiken 610 Nisshin Engineering 613 Nisshin Fme Chemicals 609 Nisshin Flour Milling Co. 193f, 571, 599, 616,618 Nisshin Food Products Co. 194f Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. 194f, 571, 609, 612, 615 Nisshin Seihun, see Nisshin Flour Milling Nisshin Seiko 618 Nissho Iwai Corp. 28, 195f, 610, 616, 618 Nissin Electronics 616 Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. 195f, 599, 603, 616 Nitimou 610 Nitto Bion Co. 196f Nitto Boseki Co. 197f, 372 Nitto Chemical Industry Co. 197f, 571 Nitto Denim, see Nitto Electric Industrial Co. Nitto Electric Industrial Co. 198f, 571, 579,599,601,612 Nitto Foods Product Co. 199f Nittoku Contruction 697 NKK Co. 199f, 621 Nobo Pharmaceuticals 602 Noda Institute for Scientific Research 373f NOK Corporation 2OOf, 616 Nomura Research Institute 571 Norinchukin Bank 572 Novo Industri Japan Ltd. 2OOf,571 Novo Nordisk 571 Novo Yakuhin 599 Nozaki Co. 28 Nursery Technology, Inc. 2Olf, 609f Obayashi-gumi Co. 610 Obihiro University, see University ... Ocean Research Institute, see University o/Tokyo ... Ochanomizu University, see University ... OECD, rONA guidelines 644, 645 Office of Advanced Research and Technology of Pharmaceuticals 313 Ohayo Dairy Products Co. 20lf Ohbayashi Co. 202f, 571, 609 Oita Shoyu Kyogyo Co. 202f Oita University, see University ...

Oji Cornstarch 612 Oji Paper Co. 25, 203f, 557, 571 Oji international seminars 683 Okayama University of Science, see University ... Okayama University, see University ... Okazaki National Research Institutes 455f,602 Okinawa Seikagaku Kogyo Co. 204f Okinawa Sun ChIorella Manufacterers Co. 204f Okinoerabu Bio Laboratory Co. 205f Okinoerabu Kyuukon Bio-Research Center 609 Okura Co. 28 Okura Shuzo Co. 206f Olympus Optical Co. 205f, 558, 571 Oncomembrane Co., Seattle 210 Ono Pharmaceutical Co. 206f, 599 Onoda Cement Co. 207f, 372, 571, 610 Oosue Construction 609 Opinion polls 676 Opposition against biotechnology and rONA techniques 676 Oriental Electric Co. 207f Oriental Instruments Ltd. 208f Oriental Yeast Co. 209f, 571, 612, 613 Osaka Bioscience Institute 368f, 484f - opposition to 676 Osaka Cement 609 Osaka City University, see University ... Osaka Gas Co. 209f, 571 Osaka Institute for Microbial Diseases, see University of Osaka. .. Osaka Medical College 557 Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute 369f, 486f Osaka, Senri Science Park 16 Osaka University, see University ... Otsuka Chemicals 617 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 34, 210f, 599,601 Ozeki Sake Brewing Co. 211f, 609 P.C.C. Technology, Inc. 211f,596f

759

P3- and P4-laboratories, see rDNA-related research ... Panapharm Laboratories 599 Paramount Beds 588 Patent Office 305f, 637 Patents 573, 637f - applications, rONA 2,30 - attack 2, 29 - biotechnology, of foreign origin 638

760

- biotechnology 638f - cell fusion 2 - database, see Japan Patent Infonnation OTganization

- deposit of matter 639f, 656, 657 - microorganism depository, see Depositories ...

- MITI-owned 304f - of foreign origin 638 - regulations 30 PatriarchaIic system 14 Pentel 571 PERI, see Protein Engineering Research Institute Periodicals, see Journals ... Pfizer Taito 599 Pharma Bio Co. 210 Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau 313 Pharmaceutical Affairs Law 645 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, see Society ... Pharmacia KK 571, 599 Physiological Society of Japan, see Society ... Plant Engineering Research Center 617 Plantech Nitten Co. 212f Plantech Research Institute 212f Pneneix 588 Policy discussion board for pharmaceuticals, medical devices and cosmetics 313 PolyCell Co. 246 PORIM, Malaysia 574 Prefectural governments 14 - research activities in biotechnology 710 Prima Meat Packers 613, 616 Primate Research Institute, see University of Kyoto ... Priority-area projects, special funds 381£ Project, see R&D Program ... , R&D Project ... Protein Engineering Research Institute, Co. (PERI) 13, 213f, 290, 363f, 548, 567, 595,633 - opposition to 676 Protein Engineering Society of Japan, see Society ... Public acceptance 7, 15, 552, 567, 675f - measures for promotion of 677f Public research corporations 323 Public Science Association 602 Public Works Research Institute 321, 362f

a.p. Corporation 213f,613 R&D Association, see also Research Association ... - for Future Electronic Devices 586 R&D expenditure in biotechnology, life sciences 3, 4, 11, R&D policy, national 7, 287f, 292f, 551£ - implementation 9, 292f, 553 R&D Program, see also R&D Project ... , Research Association ... - on Basic Technology for Future Industries 13, 305, 602, 333, 335, 336, 337,568,576,577,582f - on Medical and Welfare Equipment Technology 305,602, 587f

R&D Project, see also R&D Association ... , Research Association ... - on Bio-electronic Devices 337, 586f - on Bioreactors 583, 584f - on Bioreactors for Food Industry 13, 310, 344,548,611f

- on Global Environmental Technology 305,334,367,552,588,593f

- on Large-scale Cell Cultivation 583, 584f

- on Molecular Assemblies for Functional Protein System 583, 586f

- on Utilization of rONA 584,585f - on Wastewater Technology, see Aqua Renaissance '90 Project ... , Biofocus Wastewater Treatment Program ... Ram Hybrid International Co. 155 RAPAD, see Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development RCAST, see University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology rONA-related research - committee of JBA 574 - expenditure 641, 721 - experiments, survey 641 - guidelines 567, 640f - guidelines of Japanese Ministries, see under specific Mi1listry ...

- P3- and P4-laboratories 328f, 646 - research personnel 30, 547, 641, 721

rONA-related products - approved manufacturing plans 33f - industrial production, application procedures 645

- market expectations of industry 5f, 6, 31,32, 722

- procedures for approval 642

- products under development 6, 32 - regulations 642f - release 645 - sales 4f, 32f, 722 - STA regulations 643 - survey 33f - under application 32f - USA regulations 642 - W.-German regulations 642 Recombinant..., see rDNA-related .. . RECRAS database, see Databases .. . Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Co. 245 Regional Biotechnology Association Network, see Japan Bioindustry Association ... Regional Technology Development 14, 305,310 Regionalization of industry 14, 701 Rehabilitation Center for the Handicapped 602 Research, see also R&D ... Research Associations, see also R&D Association ... , R&D Project ... Research Association 12, 30, 288, 305, 548, 568f, 576 - for Bioreactor System, see R&D Project on Bioreactors for Food Industry ...

- for Biotechnology 579, 582, 583f, 640 - targets 584f

- for Petroleum Alternatives Development (RAPAD) 304,306,568, 589f - alcohol production costs 593f - pilot plants 591£ - targets 590

- for Sensing System in Food Industry 614f,615

- for Transplantation of Fertilized Eggs in Agricultural Animals 617f

- for the Development of Agrochemicals 617f

- for the Improvement of Enzyme Function in the Food Industry 13, 310, 614f

- for the Industrial Utilization of Marine Organisms (MBI) 306, 366f

- for the Structure Analysis of Genes from Agricultural Organisms 617

- of Medical and Welfare Apparatus 588 - of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MAFF 695

Research Center for Molecular Genetics, see University of Hokkaido ... Research Center for the Industrialization

761

of Marine Organisms (MBI), see Marine Biotechnology Institute ... Research core project 702 Research companies 12, 372 Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC) 297,299,323, 553f - High Technology Consortium 555 - licensing of results 555 Research foundations 548 Research grants - international 678f - of Ministries, see under individual Ministries

Research institutes, see also Institutes ... , National Institutes ... - attached to national universities 11, 380 - expenditure for life sciences 11 - in Tsukuba Science City 8 - inter-university 380 - national inter-university 380 - personnel in recombinant research 641 - personnel in the life sciences 12, 721 - survey 322f, 378f, 380f Research Institute - Industrial Products 337f - of Applied Electricity, see University of Hokkaido ...

- of Brewing Resources, Ltd. 214f - of Electrical Communication, see University of Tohoku ...

- of Industrial Bio-Science Japan, Ltd. 214f

- of Industrial Technology for the Global Environment 367

- of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) 367f

- of Microbial Biochemistry 375f - of Environmental Medicine, see University of Nagoya ...

- for Bioresources, see University of Okayama ...

- for Food Science, see University of Kyoto ...

- for Microbial Diseases, see University of Osaka ...

- for Molecular Genetics, see University of Tokyo ...

- for Polymers and Textiles 335f, 585 - for W akan-Yaku, see University of Toyama. ..

Research Promotion Fund for Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Cosmetics, see Adverse Drug Sufferings

762

Relief and Research Promotion Fund ... Research ship of the Marine Biotechnology Institute 367 Resource banks 552 Resources Council 295 Rhone-Poulenc 571 Rice Breeding Research Laboratories 214f Rice Breeding and Production Institute 609 Ricoh Kyosan 571 RIKEN, see Institute of Physical and Chemical Research ... Ringi system 7, 675 Rinnay 697 RITE, see Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. 215f Rujihira Kogyo 621 Ryuhodo Pharmaceutical Co. 216f Ryukyu Cement Co. 216f Safety, see under rDNA-related research ... Saga-ken Shoyu Kyogyo Kumiai 217f Saga University, see University ... Sagami Chemical Research Center 217f, 37lf Saibu Gas Co. 218f Saikin Kagaku Institute Co. 218f Sainte Neige Wine Co. 219f Saitama Institute of Technology 408f Saitama University, see University .. Sakata Seed Corporation 219f Sake 1,18 - Resources Research Center 609 San-Ei Chemical Industries Co. 599 San-Jirushi Corporation 22lf Sanbishi Co. 220f, 613 Sanei Chemicals 601 Sangyo Medical University 600 Sanin Kensetsu Kogyo Co. 220f Sankai Co. 22lf Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co. 22lf Sanki Construction and Engineering 579, 609, 614, 621 Sankyo Co. 6, 19, 222f, 540, 571, 599, 600,602,603,697 Sanraku Inc. 223f, 571, 590, 599, 609 Santen Pharmaceutical Co. 224f, 599, 600 Sanwa Bank 610 Sanwa Corn Starch Co. 226f Sanwa Kagaku 599 Sanwa Shurui Co. 224f Sanyo Chemical Industries 225f, 571

Sanyo Denki, see Sonyo Electric Co. Sanyo Electric Co. 225f, 556, 587, 588, 697 Sanyo-Kokusai Pulp Co. 226f,571 Sapporo Breweries Co. 227f, 571, 599, 609 Sapporo Foundation for the Promotion of Life Sciences 227 Sapporo Medical College, Cancer Research Institute 395f Sapporo Medical College 395f Satsuma Shuzo Co. 228f Savings, of households 627 Sawai Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 602, 603 Scholarships - Adverse Drug Sufferings Relief and Research Promotion Fund 9

- international 678f - Japan Key-Tee Center 9 - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 9

- Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 9

- Ministry of International Trade and Industry 9

- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization 9

- Science and Technology Agency 9 School system 378f - number of schools 719 - advancement rate 719 Science and technology agreements, international 678 Science and technology policy, see R&D policy ... Science and Technology Agency (STA) 7,8,9, 13,288,289,291,292, 294f, 299, 322, 323, 552, 553f, 564, 690, 691 - budget 289f, 299f, 381 - fellowships, procedure to apply 679f - international fellowships 678 - nCST database 299, 330, 662f - Life Sciences Division 297 - organizational structure 296f - public acceptance measures 677 - public corporations 323 - rDNA guidelines 643 - Regional High Technology Network Project 9, 709

- research grants 678 - Resources Division 647 - science policy 7, 292, 295, 553 - Tsukuba institutes 8, 695

Science cities 14,687f Science Council 291, 315, 316f, 618, 619f - bioscience subcommittee 318 - organizational structure 317 - members 317 - recommendations 619, 620f Science Council of Japan 293 Science, financing 626f Science University of Tokyo, see University ... Seatechs Aquaculture 609 Seika Shokuhin Co. 228f Seikagaku Kogyo Co. 229f, 599, 602 Seikei University, see University ... Seiken Inc. 229f Seiko Instruments Inc. 23Of, 329 Seinan Kaihatsu Co. 230f Seitetsu Kagaku Co. 231£ Sekisui Chemical Co. 231£, 571, 581, 599, 602, 697 Sekisui Plastics Co. 232f Sekko Co. 275 Sendai, Kozinkai Center Hospital 558 Senmi Ekisu Co. 232f Senri Technology Park 14,700f Serono Japan 599 Serotec Co. 233f Sharp 587 Shibaura Eng 614 Shikoku Electrical Construction Co. 233f Shikoku Kasei Kogyo K.K. 234f Shikoku Research Institute, Inc. 235f Shimadzu Co. 28, 236f, 558, 571, 588, 612, 616, 697 Shimai Pharmaceuticals Co. 41 Shimane University, see University ... Shimaya Co. 235f Shimizu Corporation 236f, 571, 579, 581, 621 Shimizu Pharmaceuticals 599, 602, 603 Shin Nihon Chemical Co. 35, 238f, 612 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. 237f, 599 Shin-Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. 238f Shinko-pfaudler Co. 237f Shinnippon Steel 609, 610 Shinshu University, see University ... Shionogi Co. 6, 19, 34, 35, 239f, 557, 571,599,600,601,605,617 Shiraima~su Shinyaku Co. 239f Shiseido Co. 240f, 571, 581, 600, 606 Shizuoka Higashi Hospital 603 Shizuoka University, see University ...

Shoda Soy 613 Showa Chemical Co. 240f Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences 422f Showa Denko KK 241£,364,571 Showa Industry 612 Showa Sangyo Co. 242f, 571 Showa Shell Sekiyu KK 242f, 590 SKK Biochemicals 571

763

Snow Brand Embryo Transfer Research Center 243f Snow Brand Milk Products Co. 6, 35, 244f, 571, 599, 600, 601, 613, 616 Society, see also Association ... - Agricultural Chemical, of Japan 10, 526f

- Biochemical, Japanese 527f - Botanical, of Japan 533f - Chemical, of Japan 534f - Electrochemical, of Japan 541 - Genetics, of Japan 534f - Japan Oil Chemists 535f - Japan, for Bioscience, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry 526f

- Medical Instrument, Japan 536f - Molecular Biology, of Japan 536f - Mycological, of Japan 544 - Neurochemical, Japanese 542 - Neuroscience, Japan 538 - Pharmaceutical, of Japan 533f - Pharmacological, Japanese 542 - Physiological, of Japan 541 - Protein Engineering, of Japan 531£ - Zoological, of Japan 544 - for Bacteriology, Japanese 528f - for Biomaterials, Japan 530f - for Biomedical Gerontechnology, Japan 538

- for Cancer Therapy, Japan 539 - for Cell Biology, Japan 538 - for Laboratory Animal Science 539 - for Marine Biotechnology, Japanese 531£ - of Biomechanism of Japan 541

- of Biorheology, Japanese 540 - of Breeding, Japanese 528f - of Chemical Engineers, Japanese 543 - of Developmental Biologists, Japanese 540

- of Enzyme Engineering, Japanese 529f - of Fermentation Technology 531£ - of Food Science and Technology, Japanese 536f

764

- of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Japan 539

- of Japan, Brewing 529f - of Japanese Virologists 537f - of Microbial Ecology, Japanese 540 - of Nutrition and Food Science, Japanese 532f

- of Pharmacognosy, Japanese 543 - of Plant Physiologists, Japanese 532f - of Polymer Science, Japanese 543 - of Scientific Fisheries, Japanese 544 - of Yeast Scientists 537f - on Marine Biotechnology 579f Soga 613 Sogo Pharmaceuticals 559 Somar Corporation 571 Sophia University, see University ... Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology 7, 295, 298f, 299, 552, 553f Special funds for young scientists 15 Special Reference Laboratories 559, 599, 603 SRI International 651 STA, see Science and Technology Agency ... Standards 303, 640f Standards in biotechnology 573, 573f Stanley Electric Co. 586, 586 Statistical data - agriculture 715 - food intake 714 - general 717 - R&D budget 716 - trade 715 Sumika Agro 610 Sumirin Agro-Products Industries Co. 244f Sumitomo Bakelite 365, 559, 588 Sumitomo Bank 599 Sumitomo Cement 602 Sumitomo Chemical Co. 6, 245f, 570, 571,583,585,599,600,602,697,711 Sumitomo Co. 17,28, 246f, 599 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. 365, 571,588,590,599,605 Sumitomo Engineering 605 Sumitomo Forestry Co. 245f, 571 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. 246f, 571, 605, 621 Sumitomo Jukikai Environment, Inc. 247f, 590 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. 247f, 571,603

Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co. 34, 248f, 599,600,602,603 Sunshine project 305, 333, 336 Sunstar Inc. 6, 248f Suntory Ltd. 1, 6, 19, 29, 33, 249f, 364, 557,571,581,596,599,603,609,612,616 Sunx 588 Suzuki Memorial Foundation 602 T. Hasegawa Co. 250f Tabai Espec Corporation 250f, 571 Taiho Pharmaceutical 599 Taiji Food Co. 711 Taiko Sangyo K.K. 25lf Taisei Co. 571, 581, 609, 610 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. 19, 253f, 571, 599,603 Taito Co. 252f Taiyo Fishery Co. 253f, 571, 609 Taiyo Foods Co. 252f Taiyo Kagaku Co. 254f Takada Industries, Ltd. 254f Takara Shuzo Co. 36, 255f, 571, 599, 600, 609,617 Takasago Thermal Engineering 571 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 6, 19, 33, 256f, 364, 572, 583, 585, 588, 599, 600, 601,602,603,605,697 Takeda-Abbott Pharmaceuticals 256 Takenaka Corporation 257f, 572, 621 Takii Co. 257f Tama Biochemical Co. 572 Tamagawa University, see University ... Tanabe Seiyaku Co. 2, 19, 258f, 546, 572, 599,601,602,605 Tateishi Electroncis 616, 697 Tatsuuma Honke Brewing Co. 259f Tax exemptions, see Ministry of Finance ... TDK 588 Technology transfer 10, 28 Technopolis plan 14, 383, 688, 701f - locations and outline 702, 703 Technopolis - Akita 704 - Aomori 704 - Asama 705 - Ehime 704 - Hakodate 704 - Hamamatsu 704 - Hiroshima 705 - Kagawa 705 - Kan-Omurawan 705 - Kenhoku-Kunisaki 705 - Kibi Plateau 705

- Kitakamigawa 704 - Kohfu 705 - Kokubu-Hayato 705 - Koriyama 704 - Kumamoto 705 - Kurume 705 - Miyazaki 705 - Nagaoka 704 - Nishiharima 704 - Sendai Northern Cluster 704 - Toyama 704 - Ube 705 - Utsunomiya 704 - Yamagata 704 Teijin Ltd. 6, 259f, 588, 600, 599, 601, 603 Teikoku Seiyaku 599 Teikyo University, see University ... Teisan 697 Terumo Co. 260f, 599, 600, 603 The Chemical and Serotherapeutic Research Institute, see Chemo-Sero­Therapeutic Research Institute Three M (3M) 559 Toa Electronics 616 Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co. 261£, 572 Toa Nenryo Co. 364, 596, 599, 600 Toa Pharmaceutical Co. 261£, 572 Toho Chemical Co. 572 Toho Gas Co. 262f, 572 Toho University, see University ... Tohoku Electric Co. 262f, 610 Tohoku Oil Co. 263f Tohoku Seed Co. 263f Tohoku University, see University ... Tokai Regional FISheries Research Laboratory 555 Tokai University, see University ... Tokiko 588 Tokita Seed Co. 264f Tokuyama Soda Co. 264f, 559, 697 Tokyo BioFair, see Bio-Fair Exhibitions ... Tokyo Electric Power 372 Tokyo Gas Co. 265f, 572 Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics 425f Tokyo Institute of Technology, see Institute of Technology ... Tokyo Medical and Dental University, see University ... Tokyo Metropolitan University, see University ... Tokyo Municipal University 600

765

Tokyo Municipal Institute of Neurology 600 Tokyo Research Institute for Immunological Studies 603 Tokyo Tanabe Co. 599, 603 Tokyo University, see University ... Tokyo University of Fisheries, see University ... Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, see University ... Tokyo University of Agriculture, see University ... Tokyo Women's Medical College, Institute of Biomedical Engineering 488 Tokuyama Soda 572 Tomita Pharmaceutical Co. 266f Tonen Corporation 572, 581 Toray Fuji Bionics, Inc. 266f Toray Industries 2, 6, 24, 267f, 365, 555, 557,572,588,599,600,603 Toray Research Center, Inc. 267f,583, 586 Toshiba Corporation 268f, 572, 579, 588, 616,621 Toshin Electric 588 Toshoku Ltd. 28 Tosoh Corporation 268f, 558, 559, 572, 581, 605 Toto Co. 579 Tottori University, see University ... Touyou Information System 673f Towa Kagaku K.K. 269f Toyama Chemical Co. 270f, 599 Toyama Information Education Center 708 Toyama National Junior College 708 Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research 601 Toyama University, see University ... Toyo Boseki 600,602 Toyo Engineering 572, 590, 609 Toyo Green 610 Toyo Ink Co. 599,601,697 Toyo Jozo Co. 6,33,34,35, 271f, 556, 572, 583, 585, 599, 600, 601, 609, 612, 613, 614,615,616 Toyo Kikai Hanbai 610 Toyo Menka Kaisha 28 Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co. 270, 372, 599 Toyobo Co., Inc. 6, 24, 33, 34, 35, 270f, 572, 599, 613 Toyota Motor Corporation 572

766

Trade - exports 181,717, 718 - matrix of Japan 715 Trading houses 17, 28f, 30 - global network 17,29f - information collection 9 - sales 717 Training 552 Trust Fund Bureau Fund 627,633 Tsukishima Kikai, see Tsukishima Machines Co. Tsukishima Machines Co. 572, 621 Tsukuba Science City 7,14, 688f - AIST research complex 330f, 692 - Government Research Institutes 8f, 690 - MAFF research institutes 309,338, 339f, 690, 692

- milestones during construction 690 - Mm research institutes, see AlST research complex

- opposition to biotechnology 676 - Research Consortium 697 - Science Park 696 - Tokodai Industrial Park 548 Tsukuba University, see University ... Tsumura 600, 601, 603 Tweyford International 122 Ube Industries, tid. 35, 272f, 559, 572, 599,609 Uchiyama Ryokuchi Construction 610 Ueda Chemical Industrial Co. 273f Ueno Pharmaceuticals 623 United Agriseeds Co. 272 United Nations University, Tokyo 684 Unitika tid. 34,35, 273f, 572, 588, 599, 602, 614 Universities - academic degrees 10, 379 - contract research 383 - cooperation with industry 13, 383 - donations 381 - education, field of study 319, 380 - endowed chairs 381 - entrance examination 10 - expenditure for life sciences 11 - faculties of agriculture 11 - "koza" fund 381 - funding 381 - national 319 - patent system 383 - personnel in life sciences and biotechnology 12, 315, 380, 721

- priority areas 381£

- private 319 - public 319 - survey 319f - technology transfer 10 University - Aoyama Gakuin 413f - Chuo 414f - Doshisha 469f - Fujita Gaku-en 603 - Hirosaki 386f - Hokkaido Tokai 560 - Hoshi 414f - Iwaki Meisei 401f - Juntendo 603 - Kansai 410f,528

- Research Institute of Technology 411£ - Keio 415f, 601, 602, 603 - Kinki 602 - Kitasato 415f

- Bioscience Research Center 415 - Medical, Osaka 551 - Meiji 411f, 573 - Meiji Pharmaceutical 556 - Nihon 411f, 551, 559,600,603 - North Carolina State 589 - Obihiro, of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine 394f

- Ochanomizu 418f,558 - Pharmaceutical, Meiji 556 - Rikkyo 558 - Science, of Tokyo 419f

- Research Institute for Science and Technology 421f

- Seikei 421£ - Shinshu 461£

- High Polymer Research Institute 462 - Sophia 600, 422f

- Life Science Institute 423 - Tamagawa 424f - Technical 301 - Teikyo 559, 603

- Biotechnology Research Center 424f - Toho 425f - Tokai 560f

- Nichirei Gene Laboratory 171 - Tokyo Kasei 603 - Toyo 560 - United Nations, Tokyo 684 - Waseda 442f University - of Agriculture, Nihon 559 - of Akita 385f - of Amsterdam 589

- of Brandeis 589 - of California, Irvine 559 - of Cambridge 589 - of Chiba 403f, 601

- Center for Neurobiology and Molecular Immunology 403

- Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses 404f

- of Darmstadt 589 - of Ehime 497f - of Fukui 445f - of Fukuoka, Women's 559 - of Fukuyama 510f - of Gifu 446f, 383

- Center for Cooperative Research 383, 446 - Institute of Anaerobic Bacteria 446

- of Gunma 383, 405f, 558 - Laboratory of Drug Resistance in Bacteria 405

- of Hamamatsu, of Industrial Information 708 - of Hawaii 589 - of Hiroshima 497f, 556, 573

- Center for Gene Science 498 - Laboratory of Plant Chromosome and Gene Stock 498

- of Hokkaido 10, 387f, 574, 601 - Cancer Institute 391 - Chromosome Research Unit 390 - Institute of Immunological Sciences 391 - Institute for Dairy Science 388 - Institute for Algological Research 389 - Research Center for Molecular Genetics 392 - Research Institute of Applied

Electricity 392 - of Ibaraki 406f - of Iwate 394f - of Kagawa 500f - of Kagoshima 5Uf - of Kanazawa 447f, 600, 602

- Cancer Research Institute 449f - Center for Gene Research 448 - Neuro Information Research Institute 448

- of Kanazawa, Medical 661 - of Kobe 471f

- Center for Molecular Biology 472 - Center for Cooperative Research and Development 383, 471

- of Kochi 50lf

767

- of Kumamoto 383, 514f, 559, 602, 708 - Institute for Medical Genetics 515

- of Kurume, Industrial 708 - of Kyoto 10, 474f, 556, 557, 559, 570, 573, 589, 602 - Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics 534 - Institute for Virus Research 480f - Institute for Nucleic Acid Information and Analysis 539

- Institute for Immunology 476 - Institute for Chemical Research 479f - Primate Research Institute 48lf - Radiation Biology Center 475 - Research Institute for Food Science 48lf - Research Center for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials 475 - Research Center for Cell and Tissue Culture 479

- Wood Research Institute 482f - of Kyoto, Prefectural 474f - of Kyushu 10, 517f, 559, 601, 603

- Institute of Genetic Resources 520 - Research Laboratory for Genetic Information 517f, 661

- of Kyushu, Kyoritsu 516f - of Mainz 589 - of Marburg 589 - of Maryland 589 - of Massachusetts 589 - of Mie 483f - of Miyazaki 520f - of Nagoya 10, 45lf, 557, 558, 589, 603

- Biochemical Regulation Research Institute 454 - Center for Gene Research 451 - Center for Cooperative Research in Advanced Science and Technology 383, 451 - Research Institute of Environmental Medicine 454f

- of Nagoya, City 450f - of Nara, Women's 484f - of Niigata 459f

- Brain Research Institute 460f - of Oita 52lf - of Okayama 50lf

- Cancer Institute 503 - Gene Research Center 502 - Institute for Neurobiology 503 - Research Institute for Bioresources 505f

768

. - of Okayama, Science 505f - of Osaka 10, 488f, 555, 602

- Biomedical Research Center 490 - Institute for Protein Research 493f - Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology 488f, 661 - Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research 495f - International Center of Cooperative Research in Biotechnology 492 - Research Institute for Microbial Diseases 35, 495f, 600

- Research Center for Basic Protein Engineering 494

- of Osaka, City 485f - of Osaka, Medical and Dental 603 - of Osaka, Prefecture 34, 486f - of Saga 523f - of Saitama 408f, 556, 572, 573, 574, 602, 603

- of Saitama, Medical 603 - of Shimane 506f - of Shizuoka, National 462f

- School of Optoelectronics 708 - of Shizuoka, Public 464f - of Siena 589 - of Technology, Nagaoka 449f

- Technological Development Center 506 - of the Ryukyus 521£ - of Tohoku 10, 397f, 556, 557, 558, 589

- Chemical Research Institute of Non-Aqueous Solutions 401£ - Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center 400f - Gene Research Center 400f - Institute of Genetic Ecology 400f - Research Institute of Electrical Communication 399f - Research Institute of Electric and Magnetic Alloys 558

- of Tokushima 507f - Institute for Enzyme Research 507f

- of Tokyo 10, 367, 435f, 556, 557, 559, 570, 572, 573, 574, 601, 603, 661 - Institute of Medical Sciences 442f - Institute of Brain Research 437f - Institute of Applied Microbiology 439f - Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory 440f

- Ocean Research Institute 441£ - Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) 441£

- of Tokyo, Agriculture and Technology 383,432f

- of Tokyo, Agriculture 431£, 558 - of Tokyo, Fisheries 434f - of Tokyo, Medical and Dental 430f - of Tokyo, Metropolitan 430f, 573 - of Tokyo, Science 419f, 559

- Research Institutes for Science and Technology 421£

- of Ube Science 708 - of Tokyo, Women's

- Institute of Biomedical Engineering 434f

- of Tottori 508f - of Toyama 465f

- Center for Cooperative Research 383, 465

- of Toyama, Medical and Pharmaceutical 465f - Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku 466f

- of Tsukuba 409f, 557, 573, 589, 601, 603, 689 - Gene Experiment Center 409

- of Utsunomiya 410f, 559 - of Washington, Seattle, Biomembrane Research Center 210

- of Wisconsin, State 559 - of Yamagata 401£ - of Yamaguchi 509f - of Yamanashi 466f, 573

- Institute of Enology and Viticulture 467

- of Yokohama, City 412f - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology 412

- of Yokohama, National 41lf Unkai Shuzo Co. 274f Upjohn Co. 49, 599, 600, 697 USA, rDNA regulation, see rDNA-related products ... U shio Electrics 697 Usuki Bio-Research Center Cooperative 275f Usuki Seiyaku Co. 275 Utano Hospital 602 Utsunom.iya University, see University ... Valent Co. 245 Vascular Graft Research Center Co. 604f Venture companies 2,30 W.-Germany, rDNA regulation, see rDNA-related products ... Wakamoto Pharmaceuticals Co. 275f, 613

Wakayama Agri-Bio Research Center 610,610 Wakayama Nokyo Foods 610 Wakayama Nosanbutsu Processing Research Institute 610 Wako Pure Chemical Industries 276f, 599,600,601,602,605 Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. 6,33, 276f,599 Waseda University, see University ... Water Re-use promotion center 579 Wood Research Institute, see University of Kyoto ... World Federation of Culture Collection 654 Xestek 588 Yae Nogei Co. 277f Yaegaki ShuZQ Co. 278f Yaeso Chemical 617 Yaeyama Shokusan Co. 278f Yagai Corporation 279f Yaizu Fish 613 Yakult 279f, 572, 599, 601, 603, 613, 614 Yamada Foods Co. 280f

Yamae Food Industry Co. 281f Yamagata University, see University .. . Yamaguchi University, see University .. . Yamaka Shoyu Co. 281f Yamanashi University, see University ... Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. 282f, 572,599,601,602,697 Yamasa Shoyu Co. 283f, 572, 599 Yamatake Honeywell 616 Yamazaki Mazak 697 Y okogawa Electric Corporation 283£, 572,588,613 Yokohama City University, see University ... Yokohama National University, see University ... Y onekyu Co. 284f

769

Y oshitomi Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. 6, 284~ 599, 603, 605 Yuki Gosei Kogyo Co. 285f,572 Zenitakagumi 609 Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Zoological Society of Japan, see Society ...

Correlation of the Christian and Japanese Calendar

Christian Japanese

1993 5 1992 4 1991 3 Sfl..6X:3~ Heisei 3 nen 1990 2 Sfl..6X: 2 ~ Heisei 2 nen 1989 (1) Sfl. .6X: Jt; ~ Heisei Gannen 1988 63 IIBfo 6 3 $ Showa 63 nen 1987 62 IIBfO 6 2 ~ Showa 62 nen 1986 61 1985 60 1984 59 1983 58 1982 57 1981 56 1980 55 1979 54 1978 53 1977 52 1976 51 1975 50 IIB~O 5 0 ~ Showa 50 nen

(Japan counts years by the rule of her emperors who, for the year of their enthronement, define a theme, e.g., "Heisei" = "peaceful development" and "Showa" = "enlightened peace". The "Foundation Years" are: Meiji Gannen = 1878; Taisho Gannen: 1912; Meiji Gannen: 1926; Heisei Gannen: 1989).

The Japanese Fiscal Year (FY) starts on April 1st and ends on March 31st of the following year. Thus, as an example, "FY 1990" extends from April 1st, 1990, to March 31st, 1991.

Correlation of Western and Japanese Counting

Number

10 100

1000 10000

100 000 1000000

10000000 100 000 000

1000 000 000 10 000 000 000

100 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000

Western

ten hundred thousand ten thousand hundred thousand million ten million hundred million billion ten billion hundred billion 1 trillion

Japanese

Guu) (hyaku) (sen) (man, mman) Guu man) (hyaku man) (sen man) ( oku, ichi oku) Guu oku) (hyaku oku) (sen oku) (chou, ichou)

(The Japanese use a counting system based on 10000 ( n, man) and its multiples, e.g., 10000 x 10.000 ( ta, oku) and 10 000 x 10 000 x 10 000 (?lis, chou). This often causes considerable confusion in changing from Western to Japan'ese figures, and vice versa).

Exchange Rates between Yen, US-$, DM, Pound Sterling and FFr (as of Sep. 1st, 1990, rounded)

Yen US·$ DM Pound FFr

1000000 (en. hyaku-man) 6961 11 020 3715 36 955 10 000 000 ff Jj. sen-man) 69 610 110 200 37 150 369 550

100 000 000 (-{i, ichi-oku) 696 100 1102000 371 500 3695500 1000 000 000 <+ •. juu-oku) 6961000 11 020 000 3715000 36 955 000

10 000 000 000 (Ef •• hyaku-oku) 69 610 000 110 200 000 37 150 000 369 550 000 100 000 000 000 (-f-•• sen-oku) 696 100 000 1102 000 000 371500 000 3695500 000

1000 000 000 000 (~t • chou) 6961000 00011 020 000 000 3715000 00036 955 000 000

Positions in Japanese Industry and Government

Industry

Adviser Manager Manager (Department Head) General Manager (Division Head) Director (general) Deputy Director Director (of a unit) Director Managing Director Executive (Managing) Director President (of a unit) Vice President President (of a company) Chairman of the Board

Government

Office Division Department Bureau Secretariat Director Director-General Vice-Minister Minister's Secretariat Minister

University

Chair Room Division Department Faculty. School

(Komon) (Shukan) (Kachou) (Buchou) (Torishimari-yaku) (Fuku Shochou) (Shochou) (Riji) (Joumu Riji) (Senmu Riji) (Rijichou) (Fuku Shachou) (Shachou) (Kaichou)

(Shitsu) (Ka) (Bu) (Kyoku) (Jimukyoku) (Kachou) (Kyokuchou) (Jimujikan) (Daijin Kanbou) (Daijin)

(Kouza) (Shitsu) (Bumon) (Ka) (Bu)