Phonology Speechorgansandarticulation 130412131240 Phpapp01

8/13/2019 Phonology Speechorgansandarticulation 130412131240 Phpapp01

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Speech Organs And Articulations


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The study of the sound systems of

languages, and of the general

properties displayed by thesesystems

(the contrast in sound [phoneme] ) which make the

difference within the language.

The Lecturer


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Phonologyis concerned with thefunctional properties of speech

sounds

Phoneticsis concerned with thephysical aspects of speech sounds

wikipedia


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There are seven main articulators;

1. Pharynx

2. Velum/Soft Palate

3. Hard Palate4. Alveolar Ridge

5. Upper Teeth

6. Lower Teeth

7. Lips


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Plosive/ stop

air flowmomentarily halted, then released

forcefully

Fricative

friction is caused by a slight obstruction in

the air stream

Affricate

a mixture between plosive and fricative; the

air flow is first halted, then released withfriction

/p/ /b/ /g/

/f/ /z/

/d /

//t


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Lateral

formed by the sides of the tongue making

contact with the upper teeth

Post-alveolaror retroflex

tongue bent upwards and backwards

Nasal

air release through the nasal passage

Glides/Frictionlesscontinuant

no friction, but lasting sound

/l/

/r/

/m/ /n/ /y/

/w/ /r/ /j/


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organs of speech - in the mouth and throat.

air pushed out from thelungsthrough the

larynx and epiglottis vibrates the vocal

cords-producing a continuous tone whose pitch

can be changed by varying the shape of the

larynx.Consonants - modified by the tongue and

lips, are formed when air is emitted suddenly

or when it is cut off firmly.

Voice roduction occurs in the lar nx.

oice production..


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During breathing the vocal cords are held apart, but as

speech commences, the cartilages of the larynx are

drawn together by the action of muscles and a "chink" iscreated.

The tension of the vibrating cords, changed by the tilting

of the cartilages, alters the pitch of the spoken sound.

High notes are produced by the vibration of tight vocal

cords and low notes are produced by vibrating loose

cords.

Chink - a small narrow crack or opening


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Pharyngeal sound A tube above the larynx.

Divided into two at the top; the back of the mouth

the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity

(above the mouth, behind the nose)

the symbol in IPA (International Phonetic

Alphabet) is

The LecturerWikipedia


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Velar consonant.

Often in speech, the velum is raised so that air cannot

escape through the nose.

When the /k/ and the /g/ (velar consonants) sound is

produced, the tongue is in contact with the lower side of

the velum.


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Roof of the mouth.

The interaction between the tongue and the hard palate

is essential in the formation of /t/, /d/, /j/, and // sound.

Hard Palate

Roof of the mouth.

The interaction between the tongueand the hard palate is essential in the

formation of /t/, /d/ and /j/ sound.


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Alveolar sound.

Between the top front teeth and the hard palate.

Its surface is covered with little ridge.

The sound produced is called alveolar /t/ and /d/


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Most speakers have teeth to the sides of their mouth.

The back is almost to the soft palate.

The tongue is in contact for many speech sounds.

Dental sound;/t/, /d/, /n/, and /l/


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Pressed together (bilabial)

/p/

Brought into contact with teeth (labiodentals)

/f/, /v/ Rounded

/u/


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A very complex and dependent articulators

The vibration of larynx can be detected while producing

the sound /z/


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Nasal consonant

/m/ and /n/


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Being called as articulators because of the movement of

the jaws

Jaws not like other articulatorsdont make contact withother articulators.

Phonology Speechorgansandarticulation 130412131240 Phpapp01

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