Phonetics course.pdf

8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf

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ArticulatoryPhonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Articulatory Phonetics

Linguistics 201


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Phonetics

Phoneticsis the study of speech. Articulatory phoneticsstudiesthe ways in which speech sounds are produced: it is a branch ofphysiology. Acoustic phoneticsstudies the physical

characteristics of the sound produced, and its perceptualcorrelates.

We start with articulatory phonetics.


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Larynx


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Vocal Folds and Glottis


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Vocal Tract


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

FricativesAffricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

The IPA

The International Phonetic Association, founded in Paris in 1886by a group of language teachers led by Paul Passy, developed analphabet to be used in faithfully recording speech sounds. Manyof the symbols used in the alphabet came from anEnglish-specific phonetic alphabet that Henry Sweet (pictured)had devised to represent English speech.


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Guiding Principles

1. Each sign should have its own distinctive sound

2. The same sign should be used for the same sound across all

languages

3. As many ordinary roman letters should be used as possible,and the usage of new letters should be minimal


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Transcription

Many symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA) are the same symbols used in our orthography. Thesearent the same thing!

When a symbol is from the IPA, it is enclosed in squarebrackets: [ ]

Each IPA symbol corresponds to a phone: a single speechsound.

When speech is represented in the IPA, we say that we are

forming a phonetic transcription.


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Parameters for describing consonants

Manner of articulation: how the gesture in the oral tractoccurs

Place of articulation: where in the oral tract the gesture

takes place

Nasality: whether or not the velum is lowered allowingvibrating air into the nasal cavity

Voicing: whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Stops

The manner of articulationstoprefers to phones made by

creating a complete blockage of the oral tract.


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Bilabial Stops

[p] bilabial, voiceless, non-nasal: spam[b] bilabial, voiced, non-nasal: ban[m] bilabial, voiced, nasal: man


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Alveolar Stops

[t] alveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: stand[d] alveolar, voiced, non-nasal: Dan[n] alveolar, voiced, nasal: tan


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Velar Stops

[k] velar, voiceless, non-nasal: scan[g] velar, voiced, non-nasal: get[N] velar, voiced, nasal: sing


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Glottal Stop

[P] glottal, voiceless, non-nasal: uh- oh


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Fricatives

The manner of articulationfricativerefers to phones made bycreating a radical narrowing in the oral tract. Through that

radical narrow, a turbulence in the air-flow is created that makesa characteristic hissing sound.

A i l


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Bilabial Fricatives

[F] bilabial, voiceless, non-nasal: Fuji (in Japanese)

[B] bilabial, voiced, non-nasal: deber (in Spanish)


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A tic latoD l F i i


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Dental Fricatives

[T] dental, voiceless, non-nasal: thigh

[D] dental, voiced, non-nasal: the

ArticulatoryAl l F i ti


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Alveolar Fricatives

[s] alveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: sit

[z] alveolar, voiced, non-nasal: zit

ArticulatoryAl l t l F i ti


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Alveo-palatal Fricatives

[S] postalveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: mission

[Z] postalveolar, voiced, non-nasal: vision

ArticulatoryVelar Fricatives


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Velar Fricatives

[x] velar, voiceless, non-nasal: Bach (in German)

[G] velar, voiced, non-nasal: gaan (in Dutch)

ArticulatoryGlottal Fricative


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t cu ato yPhonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Glottal Fricative

[h] glottal, voiceless, non-nasal, fricative: heap

ArticulatoryAffricates


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yPhonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Affricates

The manner of articulationaffricatearises in phones that

combine a stop gesture followed by a fricative.

ArticulatoryAlveo-Palatal Affricates


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Alveo-Palatal Affricates

[] alveo-palatal, voiceless, non-nasal: chime

[] alveo-palatal, voiced, non-nasal: jive

ArticulatoryApproximants


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Approximants

The manner of articulationApproximantrefers to speech sounds

that involve a less radical narrowing in the oral tract than isfound with fricatives, but greater than is found with vowels.

ArticulatoryPhPalatal Approximant


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Palatal Approximant

[j] palatal, voiced, non-nasal: yes

ArticulatoryPh iLabial Approximants


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Labial Approximants

[w] labio-velar, voiced, non-nasal: wad

[] labio-velar, voiceless, non-nasal: when

ArticulatoryPh eti sLateral Approximant


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops


Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Lateral Approximant

[l] alveolar, voiced, lateral, non-nasal lad

ArticulatoryPhoneticsRetroflex Approximant


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

pp

[] alveolar, voiced, retroflex, non-nasal rad



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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

material/xraypage.webarchive

ArticulatoryPhoneticsArticulation of Vowels
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/material/xraypage.webarchivehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/material/xraypage.webarchive


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

Tongue position: hi, mid, low, back, center, front

Tense versus Lax Rounding of lips

ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Lax


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Phonetics

Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[I] high, front, unrounded: rid[E] mid, front, unrounded: red

[] low, front, unrounded: rad

ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Lax


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[1] high, central, unrounded: roses[@] mid, central, unrounded: Rosas

[2] low, central, unrounded: cut

ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Lax


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[U] high, back, rounded: put[O] mid, back, rounded: caught,

if different from cot

ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Tense


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[i] high, front, unrounded: beet(in European English)

[y] high, front, rounded: Bucher(in German)

[e] mid, front, unrounded: bait(in European English)

[] mid, front, rounded: schon(in German)

ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Tense


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[a] low, central, unrounded: car (in Bostonian)

ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Tense


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[u] high, back, rounded: food(in European English)

[o] mid, back, rounded: boat(in European English)

[A] low, back, unrounded: cot

ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Tense Diphthongs


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[ij] high, front, unrounded: beet (in American English)

[eI] mid, front, unrounded: bait (in American English)

ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Tense Diphthongs


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[aI] low, central, unrounded: ice

[aU] low, central, rounded: blouse

ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Tense Diphthongs


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[uw] high, back, rounded: food (in American English)[ow] mid, back, rounded: boat (in American English)[OI] mid, back, rounded: boy

ArticulatoryPhoneticsPractice


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[ f2nAl@Ists m2st kijp DeI Pijz spEktkjuwl1lij klijn ]

Phonologists must keep their ears spectacularly clean.

ArticulatoryPhoneticsPractice


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Linguistics201

Phonetics

Anatomy

The

International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Consonants

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Approximants

movie

Vowels

Lax Vowels

Tense Vowels

Diphthongs

Practice

[ juw maIt faInd D@ PAn laIn tuwtowij2lz An D@ kls wEbsaIthElpf2l. ]

You might find the on-line tutorials on the class website helpful.

Phonetics course.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Phonetics course.pdf