Phonetic Rules

UNIVERSIDAD COOPERATIVA DE COLOMBIA“Profesionales con Criterios Políticos”

Villavicencio – Meta – Colombia

(PRIMER CORTE)

SPELLING RULES This is a partial list of the many, many spelling rules. Please

keep in mind that there are exceptions to every rule. There are also many words that are non-phonetic and do not follow any rules. These words must be memorized. I. DEFINITONS

1. Consonants: A. Single consonant: All of the alphabet except a, e, i, o, u. B. Consonant diagraphs: two consonants which together make one consonant sound 1. Basic diagraphs: ch, sh, th, wh, ng, nk 2. Other diagraphs: ck, ph, gh, wr, kn, gn, mn, mb C. Blends: two or three consonants said together, each keeping its own sound: br, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr, scr, bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sc, sk, sm, sn, sp,st, sw, tw 2. Vowels: A. Single vowels: a, e, i, o, u, sometimes y B. Vowel diagraphs: a single vowel is always long, the second silent: ai, ay, ea, ee, ei, ie, oa, oe, oo, ou, ow, ue, ui 3. Syllable: a word or part of a word that contains one vowel sound 4. Suffix: an ending added onto a root word: er, ed, ing, est

II. ALPHABET PRONUNTIATION (have the students to practice with all the letters)

(SEGUNDO CORTE)

What Phonics Rules Should I Know?

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Because the English language is so complex, there are many phonics rules. Knowing the phonics rules that apply most often can be a major aid to identifying words and improving comprehension in your reading. But keep in mind there are some words that don't follow the rules. You will just have to watch out for these exceptions.

Here are the most useful phonics rules you should know:

1. Every syllable in every word must contain a vowel. The vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, and y (although y is a consonant when at the beginning of a word).

2. When "c" is followed by "e, i, or y," it usually has the soft sound of "s." Example: city.

3. When "g" is followed by "e, i, or y," it usually has the soft sound of "j." Example: gem.

4. A consonant digraph is two or more consonants that are grouped together and represent a single sound. Here are consonant digraphs you should know: wh (what), sh (shout), wr (write), kn (know), th (that), ch (watch), ph (laugh), tch (watch), gh (laugh), ng (ring).

5. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel is short. Examples: tap, bed, wish, lock, bug.

6. When a syllable ends in a silent "e," the vowel that comes before the silent "e" is long. Examples: take, gene, bite, hope, fuse.

7. When a syllable has two vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the second vowel is silent. Example: stain.

8. When a syllable ends in a vowel and is the only vowel, that vowel is usually long. Examples: ba/ker, be/come, bi/sect, go/ing, fu/ture, my/self.

9. When a vowel is followed by "r" in the same syllable, the vowel is neither long nor short. Examples: charm, term, shirt, corn, surf.

(TERCER CORTE)

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Phonetic Rules for Spelling

taken in part from Professor Phonics Gives Sound Advice by Monica Foltzer, M. Ed. St. Ursula Academy 1965, 1974,

1976 1. Vowel Rule 1: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes between two consonants, the vowel is usually short. ex. back, fed, gun, cut, fig 2. Vowel Rule 2: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes at the beginning of the word, the vowel is usually short. ex: egg, off, it, add, us

3. Vowel Rule 3: When a syllable has 2 vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent. Eg: "rain, meat, coat, res/cue, day,". NOTE: Diphthongs don't follow this rule

ex: maid, hear, cute, coat, tied 4. Vowel Rule 4: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes at the end, the vowel is usually long. ex: why, no, he 5. Vowel Rule 5: When a is followed by u, w, r, ll, and lt in the same syllable, it often has the third sound of a, the Italian a. ex: haul, pause, scar, fall, pawn, fault

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6. Vowel Rule 6: When Y comes at the end of a two or more syllable word, Y has the sound of long e if the Y syllable is unaccented. ex: funny, penny, soapy, flaky, tidy 7. Vowel Rule 7: When Y comes at the end of a two or more syllable word, Y has the sound of long i if the Y syllable is accented. ex: defy, comply, identify, supply, multiply 8. Vowel Rule 8: When words end with the suffix -ing, -ed, or -er, the first vowel is usually short if it comes between two consonants. ex: skinned, helper, canned, robber, shunned 9. Vowel Rule 9: When words end with the suffix -ing, -ed, or -er, the first vowel is usually long if it comes before a single consonant. ex: tamer, noted, user, zoning, cubed,

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(CUARTO CORTE)The Long Vowel Rule (1)

Long Vowel Rule (1): When a word has two vowel, usually the first vowel says its name and the second vowel is silent.

1. Long vowel a wordsmail gain bake ape paint graynail main cake tape day playpail pain lake ate hay prayrail rain make hate lay staysail train rake late may straytail mane take date pay tray

came vane pale gate say fadegame wave sale bait way madename save whale wait clay grade

2. Long vowel e words sea seal fear beef wheat sheeptea beam hear meek seem sleep

reach team near seek seen deerteach bean bee feel teen feetbeak mean tree heal green meetweak heap free peel deep beetheal leap feed hear peep greetmeal ear need meat weep keyreal dear weed seat creep three

3. Long vowel i words hide bike dime vine pie diveride like lime wipe tie fiveside hike time pipe fire hivetide file chime ripe hire crywide mile dine rise tire dry

bridge pile fine wise wire flyglide tile line size bite frypride smile mine prize kite tryslide while pine die white sky

4. Long vowel o words road coat hole rope stove growload goat pole nose bow knowtoad hoe stole rose low showoak toe home close mow slowsoak rode bone chose row snowfoam joke cone hose tow throw

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roam poke tone note blow boastsoap spoke stone vote crow roastboat smoke hope dove flow toast

5. Long vowel u words suite June true new chew flewfruit tune use pew drew slewjuice prune fuse crew grew stewcute blue dew knew screw mewflute clue few mule threw cube

dune glue hew rule blewtube

The Long Vowel Rule (2) Long Vowel Rule (2): If a word has one vowel and it comes at the end of the word, that word usually has a long vowel sound.

6. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2 he we why lo yo-yo Exceptions:

me by go no be doshe my so so hi to

The Long Vowel Rule (3) Long Vowel Rule (3): The vowel i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more consonants usually has a long vowel sound.

7. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2 child mind light old colt mostbind blind night cold colt postfind grind right fold jolt rollhind high bright hold volt tollkind fight flight told both stroll

Vowel Rule No.4

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When a word end in ck, it usually has the short vowel sound.

Short vowel words that end in ck

black neck sock duck quack sickjack check block truck snack brickpack speck clock cluck track chicksack dock flock pluck kick quicktack lock knock stuck lick stickblack rock stuck truck pick trick

Vowel Rule No.5

When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes between two consonants, the vowel is usually short.

Examples: back, fed, gun, cut, fig, put,

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Phonetic Rules

Education

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