Phonetic and Phonology

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The Difference between Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics and phonology are the two fields dedicated to the study of human speech sounds and sound structures. The difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics deals with the physical production of these sounds while phonology is the study of sound patterns and their meanings both within and across languages. If they still sound like more or less the same thing, read on. We’ll discuss each one individually and then compare them side by side, which should clear things up. Phonetics Phonetics is strictly about audible sounds and the things that happen in your mouth, throat, nasal and sinus cavities, and lungs to make those sounds. It has nothing to do with meaning. It’s only a description. For example, in order to produce the word “bed,” you start out with your lips together. Then, air from your lungs is forced over your vocal chords, which begin to vibrate and make noise. The air then escapes through your lips as they part suddenly, which results in a B sound. Next, keeping your lips open, the middle of your tongue comes up so that the sides meet your back teeth while the tip of your tongue stays down. All the while, air from your lungs is rushing out, and your vocal chords are vibrating. There’s your E sound. Finally, the tip of your tongue comes up to the hard palate just behind your teeth. This stops the flow of air and results in a D sound as long as those vocal chords are still going. As literate, adult speakers of the English language, we don’t need a physical description of everything required to make those three sounds. We simply understand what to do in order to make them. Similarly, phoneticists simply understand that when they see /kæt/, it’s a description of how most Americans pronounce the word “cat.” It has nothing to do with a furry house pet. In fact, if there were a word in any other language pronounced the same way, the phonetic spelling would be the same regardless of meaning. Again, it’s not about meaning. It’s strictly physical. Phonology Phonology, on the other hand, is both physical and meaningful. It explores the differences between sounds that change the meaning of an utterance. For example, the word “bet” is very similar to the word “bed” in terms of the physical manifestation of sounds. The only difference is that at the end of “bet,” the vocal chords stop vibrating so that sound is a result only of the placement of the tongue behind the teeth and the flow of air. However, the meanings of the two words are not related in the least. What a vast difference a muscle makes! This is the biggest distinction between phonetics and phonology, although phonologists analyze a lot more than just the obvious differences. They also examine variations on single letter pronunciations, words in which multiple variations can exist versus those in which variations are considered incorrect, and the phonological “grammar”

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Transcript of Phonetic and Phonology

The Difference between Phonetics and

Phonology

Phonetics and phonology are the two fields dedicated to the study of human speech sounds

and sound structures. The difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics

deals with the physical production of these sounds while phonology is the study of sound

patterns and their meanings both within and across languages. If they still sound like more

or less the same thing, read on. We’ll discuss each one individually and then compare them

side by side, which should clear things up.

Phonetics

Phonetics is strictly about audible sounds and the things that happen in your mouth, throat,

nasal and sinus cavities, and lungs to make those sounds. It has nothing to do with meaning.

It’s only a description. For example, in order to produce the word “bed,” you start out with

your lips together. Then, air from your lungs is forced over your vocal chords, which begin

to vibrate and make noise. The air then escapes through your lips as they part suddenly,

which results in a B sound. Next, keeping your lips open, the middle of your tongue comes

up so that the sides meet your back teeth while the tip of your tongue stays down. All the

while, air from your lungs is rushing out, and your vocal chords are vibrating. There’s your

E sound. Finally, the tip of your tongue comes up to the hard palate just behind your teeth.

This stops the flow of air and results in a D sound as long as those vocal chords are still

going. As literate, adult speakers of the English language, we don’t need a physical

description of everything required to make those three sounds. We simply understand what

to do in order to make them. Similarly, phoneticists simply understand that when they see

/kæt/, it’s a description of how most Americans pronounce the word “cat.” It has nothing to

do with a furry house pet. In fact, if there were a word in any other language pronounced

the same way, the phonetic spelling would be the same regardless of meaning. Again, it’s

not about meaning. It’s strictly physical.

Phonology

Phonology, on the other hand, is both physical and meaningful. It explores the differences

between sounds that change the meaning of an utterance. For example, the word “bet” is

very similar to the word “bed” in terms of the physical manifestation of sounds. The only

difference is that at the end of “bet,” the vocal chords stop vibrating so that sound is a result

only of the placement of the tongue behind the teeth and the flow of air. However, the

meanings of the two words are not related in the least. What a vast difference a muscle

makes! This is the biggest distinction between phonetics and phonology, although

phonologists analyze a lot more than just the obvious differences. They also examine

variations on single letter pronunciations, words in which multiple variations can exist

versus those in which variations are considered incorrect, and the phonological “grammar”

of languages. If you are a native speaker of English, you pronounce the letter P three

different ways. It’s true. You may not realize it, but you do, and if you were to hear the

wrong pronunciation, you might not be able to put your finger on the problem, but you

would think it sounded really weird. Say the word “pop-up.” The first P has more air

behind it than the others, the second is very similar to the first, but it doesn’t have much air

in it, and the last one is barely pronounced at all. The word just sort of ends there when

your lips close. Now, say it again, but put a lot of air in the final P. See? Weird, right?

That’s because the aspirated P (with air) sound is not “grammatically” correct at the end of

an English word. Similarly, Spanish words do not begin with an “s” sound followed by a

consonant, which makes it very difficult for Spanish-speakers who are learning English to

say words like “school,” “speak” and “strict.” Phonologists study things like that.

La diferencia entre Fonética y Fonología

Fonética y fonología son los dos campos dedicados al estudio de los sonidos del habla humana y

las estructuras de sonido. La diferencia entre la fonética y la fonología es que se ocupa de la

fonética con la producción física de estos sonidos, mientras que la fonología es el estudio de

patrones de sonidos y sus significados, tanto dentro como en todos los idiomas. Si aún así parecer

más o menos lo mismo, siga leyendo. Vamos a discutir cada uno de ellos individualmente y luego

compararlas lado a lado, lo que debería aclarar las cosas.

Fonética

Fonética es estrictamente acerca de los sonidos audibles y las cosas que suceden en su boca, la

garganta, la nariz y cavidades de los senos y los pulmones para hacer esos sonidos. No tiene nada

que ver con el significado. Es sólo una descripción. Por ejemplo, para producir la palabra "cama",

se inicia con los labios juntos. Entonces, el aire de los pulmones es forzado sobre las cuerdas

vocales, que empiezan a vibrar y hacer ruido. Luego el aire se escapa por los labios, ya que parte

de repente, lo que resulta en un sonido B. A continuación, manteniendo los labios abiertos, la

mitad de la lengua viene de manera que las partes se reúnen los dientes de atrás, mientras que la

punta de la lengua se queda abajo. Al mismo tiempo, el aire de sus pulmones se precipita hacia

fuera, y sus cuerdas vocales vibrando. Ahí está su sonido electrónico. Por último, la punta de la

lengua se acerca a la bóveda del paladar, justo detrás de los dientes. Esto detiene el flujo de aire y

los resultados en un sonido D, siempre y cuando las cuerdas vocales aún están en marcha. Como

hablantes alfabetizados, adultos del idioma Inglés, no tenemos una descripción física de todo lo

necesario para hacer que esos tres sonidos. Simplemente entender qué hacer con el fin de

hacerlos. Del mismo modo, phoneticists simplemente entender que cuando ven / kæt /, es una

descripción de cómo la mayoría de los estadounidenses se pronuncia la palabra "gato". No tiene

nada que ver con una mascota peluda. De hecho, si hubiera una palabra en cualquier idioma que

no pronuncia la misma manera, la ortografía fonética sería el mismo independientemente del

sentido. Una vez más, no se trata de sentido. Es estrictamente físico.

Fonología

Fonología, por otro lado, es tanto física y significativo. Se analizan las diferencias entre los sonidos

que cambian el significado de un enunciado. Por ejemplo, la palabra "apuesta" es muy similar a la

palabra "cama" en términos de la manifestación física de los sonidos. La única diferencia es que al

final de la "apuesta", las cuerdas vocales detener vibración de modo que el sonido es un único

resultado de la colocación de la lengua detrás de los dientes y el flujo de aire. Sin embargo, los

significados de las dos palabras no están relacionadas en lo más mínimo. ¡Qué gran diferencia

hace que un músculo! Esta es la mayor distinción entre la fonética y la fonología, aunque

fonólogos analizar mucho más que sólo las obvias diferencias. También se analizaron las

variaciones en la pronunciación de una sola letra, palabras en las que múltiples variaciones

pueden existir en comparación con aquellos en los que las variaciones se consideran incorrectos y

el fonológico "gramática" de las lenguas. Si usted es un hablante nativo de Inglés, se pronuncia la

letra P de tres maneras diferentes. Es cierto. Es posible que no se dan cuenta, pero lo hace, y si

usted fuera a escuchar la pronunciación incorrecta, podría no ser capaz de poner su dedo en la

llaga, pero se podría pensar que sonaba muy raro. Di la palabra "emergente." El primer P tiene

más aire detrás de él que los otros, la segunda es muy similar a la primera, pero no tiene una

cantidad de aire en ella, y el último apenas se pronuncia en absoluto . La palabra sólo una especie

de termina allí cuando sus labios se cierran. Ahora bien, lo digo de nuevo, pero poner una gran

cantidad de aire en la final P. ¿Ves? Extraño, ¿verdad? Eso es porque el P aspirado (con aire) el

sonido no es "gramaticalmente" correcta al final de una palabra en Inglés. Del mismo modo, las

palabras en español no comienzan con un sonido "s" seguida por una consonante, lo que hace

muy difícil para los hispanohablantes que están aprendiendo Inglés a decir palabras como "la

escuela", "hablar" y "estricto". Fonólogos cosas de estudio de esa manera.