Phoenicians, Jews, Persians, Hindus
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Transcript of Phoenicians, Jews, Persians, Hindus
THE PHOENICIANS (1200-800 B.C.)
PHOENICIA comes from the word PHOENIX, the name of
a famous purple dye extracted from a special variety of
shellfish.
The most famous of the Phoenician monarchs was
King Hiram.
King Hiram is a good friend of King Solomon of the Jews.
Phoenician Contribution to Civilization
* They established colonies in various parts of the Mediterranean
world.
* They introduced not only the Asian goods to the
countries of the Mediterranean world but
also the cultural influences of Mesopotamia, Egypt,
Palestine, Persia and India.
* They invented the alphabet. They were the first to use alphabetic writing. Their
alphabet contained 24 letters, all consonants.
The Phoenician Alphabet
THE JEWS
Also called HEBREWS. They were a pastoral Semitic
people who originally lived in the Arabian Desert and later migrated to Mesopotamia.
About 1800 B.C. at God’s command, Abraham led them
out of the city of Ur and settled in Palestine, then
called CANAAN. --“The land of milk and honey”
Abraham
Pharaoh Rameses II conquered Palestine and
carried them off into captivity and slavery in Egypt. For
many years, they suffered from bondage.
Pharaoh Rameses II
In 1225 B.C., Moses led them out of Egypt across the Red Sea to the wilderness of the
Sinai Peninsula. Their fight to freedom, called EXODUS, is
recorded in the Old Testament.
After reaching Palestine, the Promised Land, the Jews established their cities and
homes and fought many wars.
David, who killed Goliath and conquered the Philistines. He made Jerusalem the capital of Israel, the homeland of the
Jews.
King Solomon; Son of David
King Solomon is the wisest and richest king of his time.
He built the Temple at Jerusalem.
Diaspora and Fall of the Jews
In 70 A.D., the Jewish rebellion against the Roman Empire
was crushed by Emperor Titus. He slaughtered more than 1 million Jews and drove the
rest into exile.
Emperor Titus
Jewish Contribution to Civilization
* Monotheism- the belief in one God.
*Judaism and Christianity
* The Bible
*Great men and women.
* Modern banking and finance
THE PERSIANS(1500-330 B.C.)
Cyaxares founded the Median empire which included
the Iranian Plateau, Mesopotamia, and Armenia.
Persia’s Golden Age and Downfall
Cyrus the Great founded a dynasty called Archaemenid
The greatest ruler of the Archaemenid dynasty was
Darius I, during whose magnificent reign Persia
attained her Golden Age. He assumed the proud title of King of Kings. He was the richest monarch during his
time.
Emperor Darius established an excellent administrative
system. He divided the empire into 20 provinces called
satrapies, each governed by a local governor called
satrap.
He granted political autonomy to his subjects and respected their religions, languages, and
customs. He fostered domestic and foreign trade.
He introduced coinage to facilitate business.
Alexander The Great
Persia’s Contribution to Civilization
* Zoroastrianism, is a religion based on the belief
that life is a constant struggle between good and evil.
Zoroaster
The founder of this religion was Zoroaster, the Prophet
of Iran. The bible of Zoroastrianism is called
Zend-Avesta. The priests of Zoroastrianism were called
Magi.
* System of provincial administration, which covered
provincial executives, the local system of taxation, and
the first postal service.
* Persia gave the world the elaborate system of court
etiquette.
Hindus of India
As early as 3000 B.C. civilization dawned at the Indus Valley in India. The
relics of this ancient civilization can be seen today at Mohenjo-Daro in Sind and
Harappa in Punjab.
About 2000 B.C., after the disappearance of the
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa civilization, the fair-skinned Aryans invaded the Indus
Valley.
The Aryan conquerors latter called themselves as Hindus. They were hardly farmers and herders. They are also skilled potters, carpenters, masons, silversmiths, and weavers. They traded with foreign
countries.
Hinduism
The Hindus believed that man can attain true happiness if his soul merges with that of
Brahma.
Transmigration of the soul or Reincarnation – the soul
of the good man is reborn in a person of higher status, while an evil person is reborn in a
lower creature.
Trinity of Hindu Gods
Brahma - the creatorVishnu – the preserverSilva – the destroyer
Caste System
the people was divided into rigid classes or castes.
1. Brahmas – priests and scholars
2. Kshatriyas – nobles and warriors
3. Vaishyas – farmers, merchants, and craftsmen
4. Sudras – laborers or slaves
No high caste person could marry or live with one of a
lower caste.
Untouchables – persons who lived miserably in their own section of a village or city. They performed the lowest
kinds of jobs. They were forbidden to use the public baths, enter the temples, or
eat in public restaurants.
Buddhism
He was a rich Hindu prince who felt deeply moved by the
poverty of the masses.
He thought the poor deserved a better and wanted to find
out how they could be helped. He abandoned his rich palace
and easy life to become a hermit.
After much thought (meditation), he started to
teach a new religion and was called Buddha, “the
Enlightened One.” He taught that all men can know the truth and attain perfect
happiness regardless of caste.
Four Noble Truths
1. Man’s life is filled with suffering.
2. Man’s suffering is caused by his selfish desires.
3. Man can end his suffering by conquering his self-desires.
4. After conquering his self-desires, man reaches the state of Nirvana (perfect
happiness).
Eight-Fold Path
1. right belief2. right aspiration
3. right speech4. right conduct
5. right livelihood6. right effort
7. right remembrance8. right meditation
Growth and Spread of Buddhism
Two branches of Buddhism
1. Mahayana Buddhism (greater vehicle)
2. Hinayana Buddhism (lesser vehicle)
India’s Contribution to Civilization
1. India gave the world four religions – Hinduism,
Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism
2. India developed philosophy ahead of the West. Long
before the ancient Greeks and Romans, Indian thinkers had
already founded several philosophical systems.
3. India has enriched world literature by giving mankind the first fable (Panchatantra), first dramatic epics (The Clay
Cart by Sudakra and Sakuntala by Kalidasa), the great epic poems (Mahabharata and
Ramayana), and the world’s greatest philosophical poem
(the Bhagavad Gita).
4. The music, art, and architecture of India are well-known throughout the world.
5. India invented the zero and the numerals in mathematics.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING.
Reported by:Mr. Berlee Losande Apundar
BSED II-C (Soc. Sci.)