Ph.n., · In the past there has been considerable controversy concerning ... poisonous. Damp...

To the nzenioty and inspimtiolt obtained from these pioneers i n the field of Anterican eomtonlic and medicinal plants:

A. B. ~JYONS, M.D., 1841-1926 OWEN F. BURQER, D.Sc., 1885-1028 ALBEI~T SCIINEIDER, lf.D., 1863-1928 JJOVIS I ~ E R I ~ A N PAMMEL, Ph.n., 1862-1931

The Pacific coast is fortunate in tlie possession of a combination of equable temperature and optimum rainfall essential.for varied plant life. The geographioal region, covered in this manzcnl is the area between the international bouqdaries of Can- ada and Mexico, from the summit of the Cascade and Sierra

I mountain ranges! to the Pacific Ocean, constituting primarily the Pacific! slopes of the states of Washington, Oregon, and Cali- fornia.

In the past there has been considerable controversy concerning the probable development of plant resources of the Pacific coast. Estimates have been made on the number of economio plants existing-these suggestions have led to a comprehensive survey. Plants hnve been arranged alphabetically under respective families for convenience' sake. Many months have been devoted to the prepnration of this volume, with the aim of making, this work the most complete and most valuable guide in this field ovcr i~saed. Tho author is fully aware of the fact that a work of this nature is never complete, as many apparently new plants of possible economic value or merit thriving within the realm and wonders of these coastal states are continuaIIy coming to the attention of nature lovers.

This book is an attempt to make available in part what is already known concerning the natural plant resources of this vast territory, tlie Pacific coast. The volume consists of com. bined contributions of many pioneer investigators (naturalists, herbali~ts, botanists, pliarmncognosists and practitioners).

Material has been gathered thro~igh collaborations, botanical excnrsion's, from l~crbnriurns, books, pamphlets, jburnals, etc Among tho works that have furnished valuable information and material for thc mnnual, the following have been especially usefuI :

Abrams, Illustrated Flora of the Paoijic Coast Btates (Vol. I).

Bailey, Nnnztnt of Gdtivated Plants. Collnborations with independent growers and medicinal

plant gardens of the coast. 6

6 ~Uanual oj Pacific Coast Drug Plants

Frye and Rjgg, Nortkwesi Flora. Lyons, Plant Na.wtes. Piper and Beattie, The Flora of the Novthwest, Schneider, Pl~armacal Plants and Their Culture. The United States Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, and Bureau of Plant Industry publi- cations.

The author has enjoyed the work of bringing this manual to your hands, and sincerely hopes that the effort will be found trustworthy and useful to all interested in economic plant life.

E. T. S.

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Page Abbreviations of Authorities and Symbols ........................................... 9 Bibliography (References) ................................................................................ 142 Technical Botanical Terms ................................................................................. 144 Technical Therapeutical Terms ......................................................................... 146

......................................................................................... Index of Plant Families 149 Scientific Names of Planb ............................................................................... 151 Common and Gneric Names of Plants .................................................... 163

ABBREVIATIONS O F AUTHORITIES AND SPMBOLS

Ag.-Agnrilli nit.-Atton Andr.-Andrewe Am.-Arnott I3. and H,-Bentham and Hooker Bai1l.-Baillon Beam.-Beanvois 13enth.-I3entl1am Bernh.-Bernhardi B1.-Blume Boise.-Boissier Bong.-Bongard I3orkl1,-Borkhauaen Dr.-Braun Britt. or Brit.--Britton Uuck1.-Buckley Ru1.-Bull C. and R.-Coulter and Rose C. and 8.-Chamisso and Schlechten-

dal Cam.-Carriere Cev.-Cavanillek Cham-Chamisao Cham. and S c h 1 e c h t . - h a and

Schlechtendal C11apm.-Chapman Cogn.-Cogniaux Coult.--Coulter Cyri11.-Cirillo DC.-DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramue DC., A. DC.-DeCandolle, Alphonse Dcne. or 1)ecne.-Decaisne 1Jel.-DeliIe ])oaf .-J>eafontninos 1)cer.-l)eerouesoaux 1)iet.r.-Dietrich 1)ougl.-1)ouplas 1)uch.-Duchesne Dun.-Dunal Eat.-Enton Bhr. or Ehr11.-Ehrhart Ell.-Elliott Engl. or Engelrn,-Engelmann E8ch.-Eschecholtz F. and M.-Fischer and Meyer Qaertn.-Gaertner amel.-Qmelin ariseb.-Grisebach H. and A-Hooker and Arnott H. and T.-Booker and Thoms HBK-Dumboldt, Bonpland and

Kunth Hed w.-nedwig Herb.-Herbert

HofP, or Hoffm,-Hoffrnann Hook.-Hooker I1ude.-IIudaon Jacq.-Jacquin . Karat.-Karsten Kaulf.-Kaulfuaa Ke11.-Kellogg L.-Linnaeus L. f.-Linnneue (the eon) Lab.-Labillardiere Lag.-Lagaaca Lam.-Larnarck Less.-Leasing L 'Her.-L 'Heritier de Bnttelle Lind.--Linden Lind1.-Lindle~

~ a r a h , G k a & h & Mey. or Q. F. W. Mey.-Yeyer Michx-Michaux Mill.-Miller Moench.-Moenchausen Mol.-Molina Moqi-Moquin-Tandon Muh1.-Muhlenberg Naud.-Naudin Nee&-Nee8 von Eeenbeck Neee. and Eber.-Neee von Eeenbeck

and Ebermnier Nutt.-Nuttall Par1.-Parlatore Pers.-Persoon Plan. or Planch.-Plsnchon R. and P.-lluiz Lopez nnd Pavon It. and 8,-Roemer and Schultee Raf .-Raflnesque It. Dr.--Drown, Robert 1teich.-Reichenbach noem.--Roemer Roeci--Roscoe Roxb.-Roxburgh Rupr.-Ruprecht Rydb.-Rydberg 8. and Z.-Siebold and Zuccarini 8alieb.-Salisbury Sarg.-Sargent Schk.-Schkuhr Bchl. or 8chleich.-Schleicher Schrad.-Schrader Beep.-Scopoli Bieb.-Siebold Boland.-Solander Spreng.-Bprengel Steud.-Steudel

10 N a n d of Pacific C m t Drz~g Plants

st. Hi1.-St. Hildre Vent.-Ventennt Bw.-Bwartz Walk-Wallroth T. and a,-Torrey and Cfray Wa1p.-Walpere Thunb.-Thunbery Walt.-Walter Tor?.-Torrey Wang.-Wmgenheim Trev.-Treviranua Wah-Watson Trin.-Triniue Wend].-Wendlnnd Undem-Underwood Wi1ld.-Willdenow

Whenever a plant (acientifla name) ie listed in the text without an authority --same ia usually horticulture.

Aateriek (*)-planta or plant products ofRcial (or formerly offlcial) in the U. 13. P. or N. F.

B. C.-Britieh Columbia B. P.-British Pharmacopoeia HCN.-Hydrocyanio (pruseic) acid N. F.-National Formulary N. 8. Diap.-National Standard Diapeneatory P. (f.-Qerman Pharmacopoeia U. 8. DLp.-United Statea Diapeneatory U. 8. P.-Pharmacopoeia of the United Btatea Titlea of numerous periodicala and monographe to which reference ia made

in the text are abbreviated, but not to such an extent aa to neceaaitate their addition ta tlris list.

MANUAL OF PACIFIC COAST DRUG PLANTS

Aceraceae ?

1. Aoer maoropkyllum Pursh. Large-leaved or Broad-leaf Maple. Large tree. Medicinal properties doubtful and use uncertain. Abundant in alluvial plains. Northward in Alaska. Southward in mountains through California.

, 2. Aoer Negunda Californicum T . and G. Ash Maple, Water Ash, Sugar Maple, Cut-leaved Maple, Box Elder. Tree. Ameri- can Indians obtained sugar from sap. Medicinal use doubtful. Common native of California.

3. Acer sacohariltum Wang. Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Sugar Tree, Black Maple. Tree. Sap; source of maple sugar. Con- tains an alkaloid? (Contrib. Dept. Pharm. Univ. of Wis., 1886.) Localized areas, alluvial plains,, California.

Agaricaceae 4. Agaricus campestris L. Cosmopolitan Mushroom (Mashe-

room), Edible Mushroom, ICedgup Mushroom, Button Mush- room. To this and other species are given the names Fairies'-table, White-caps. Fungus ; esculent. Reported to be poisonous. Damp localized areas, California. Southern Oregon.

5. Amanita muscaria Fr. Fly Amanita, Fly Agaric, Mushroom. Muscarine chief poison of this fungus-paralyzes heart nerves. Antispasmodic, antihydrotic, myotic. (Ply-poison.) Abun- dant in various localities. Prefers poor soil in groves of coniferous trees. Grows singly, not in groups. California; Southern Oregon.

6 . Amanita pltalloides Fr. Death-cup, Poison Amanita, Mush- room. Poisonous fungus. 'Active constituent phallin, having general toxic properties of muscarine. Damp, localized areas, California.

7 . Amanita verna Bul, Vernal Amanita. Fungus plant (Mush- room). Very poisonous. By some authorities believed to be identical with A. mzcscaria. (Schneider.) Localized areas, California.

11

Aizoidaceae 8 . Mesemhryanthemunz acinacifome. Fleshy-leaved plant.

Fruit ; esculent. Reported used medicinally by Indians. (Schneider.) Requires study. Sand dunes near sea-water. California.

9. Mesenabryantl~en,zmt aecquilaterale Haworth. Fig Marigold, 'Sea Fig, Faculty Onion. Fleshy-leaved plant. Fruit; esculent. Plowers; fragrant. Properties reputed demulcent, diuretic. Plant; yields potassium and sodium salts. lleported used medicinally by Indians. Cultivated. Cliffs and dunes near sea. Ornamental plant in parks. California.

10. MesemZwpanthentunt crystalle'nunt LI. Ice Plant, Diamond Fig, Diamond Plant. Plant ; diuretic, emollient, demulcent. Exotic. Cultivated as an ornamental plant in parks and lawns.

Alismaceae 11. Alisnra plantago-aquntica L. Water Plantain, Mad-dog

Weed, Devil-spoons, Great Thrumwort. Perennial herb. Leaves; acrid, counter-irritant, reputed vulnerary and lithotriptic. Common in ponds and wet places. Oregon, Wash- ington.

12. Sagittaria tatifolia Willd. Common Arrowhead, Wappato, Tule Potato. Perennial marsh, herb, Tubers; reputed used as food by the Chinese and Indians. Common in shallow water, river banks and lake margins from British Columbia to Southern California.

Amaran thaceae 13. Atnarantkus leucocarpus Wats. Pig-weed. Annual herb.

Plant; used by Indians medicinally and as food. Astringent properties. Abundant in certain localities. California.

14. Anta;ranthus Ponuellii Wats. Annual herb. Plant ; used by Indians; similar to A. leuoooarpzcs. Astringent properties. Abundant in certain localities. California.

15. Amarantl~zcs retroflexus L. Annual herb. Common or Rough Pig-weed, Red-root, Beet-root. Plant; used by Indians medi- cinnlly and as food. Reputed useful as haemostatic. Culti- vnted in California. Introduced in waste places. Abundnnt in certain localities.

16. Celosia cristata L. R i Wan of China. Herb. Plant ; reputed astringent (diarrhoea and menaitrual disorders). Exotic. Cul- tivated. (N. S. Disp.)

Amaryllidaceae 17. Agave americana L. Century Plant, American Aloe, Maguey.

Perennial evergreen succulent (fleshy-leaf) herb. Fresh juice ; laxative, antiscorbutia, diuretic, emmenagogue. Cultivated for hedges.

18. Agave deserti Engelm. Agave, Desert Agave, Cactus. Per- ennial (thick-leaf) plant. Most highly valued by desert In- dians, all parts of the plant being used. It yields pulque and " vino mescal." ltocky, desert slopes. western borders of the Colorado Desert near the bases of San Jaainta and Cuyamoca Mountains (east of San Belipei California).

19. Agave palmeri Bngelm. Amole, .Memal. Perennial plant. Used as food, for the fiber, and in preparing mescal, the national drink of the native Mexicans. Rich in mucilage and grape sugar (citro-glucoside) . Southern California. . .

20. Agave Parryi. Similar use as A. palrneri.. Southern Cali- fornia. , .

21. Agave 8hawii Engelm. Perennial plant. Similar use as A. palntet-i. Dry hillsides near the sea. South of Ban Diego, California. (On the internationa1,boundary.) '

22. Agave Utahensis Engelm. Mescal.. Utah Agave. ,Perennial plant. Fruit ; baked in pit8 and eaten. Desert slopes; Death Valley' and Providence Mountains, California.

23. Agave virginiana L. False Aloe, Rattlesnake-master, Vir- ginian Agave. Perennial plant. Roots; carminative, bitter, antispasmodic. Used' in the treatment of colic. Also as an antidote for snakebite. Dry soil, California.

24. Narcisszts Pseudo-fiarcisszcs L. Daffodil, Trumpet Daffodil, Bell-flower, Chalice-flower, Cowslip, Yellow CrowbeUs, Easter or Yellow Lily, Queen Anne's Flower. Herbaceous plant. Bulb and flower; emetic, antispasmodic, sialagogue, diaphoretic. Domestic medicine. Common garden plant.

Anacardlaceae 25. Mangifera indica IJ. Mango, Mango Tree. Large evergreen

tree. Bark arid leaves; astringent. Seeds; anthelmintic.

Juice of trunk; antisypliilitic. Zxotic, N. India, Burma, Malaya. Cultivated. Southern California. (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Pomol. Bul. 1.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25 :218, 1877.)

26. Pistacia ntexicana. Pistacia Nut. Tree. Contains a resinous juice. Requires study. Mexico. Introduced into California.

27. Pislacia terebintkus. Chinn Turpentine Tree, Scio l'urpen- tine Tree. Tree. Resinous exudate; has been used as a treatment for cancerous growth. (Culbreth.) Exotic. California.

28. Pistacia Vera IJ. Pistachio Nut, Bladder-nut. Tree. Green seeds; are much used as a coloring agent (green) in confec- tions and ice creams. Esculent. Hxotic, Mediterranean region and Orient. Cultivated in California.

29. Rhus diversiloba T. and (3. Poison Oalr. Shrub. Poisonous. Used by the Indians-to counteract rattlesnake poisoning and to remove warts. Common in gravelly, rocky soil. Coast region.

30. *RAus glabra L. Smooth Sumac, Mountain or Upland Sumac, Sumac, Scarlet o r Sleek Sumac. Shrub. Dried ripe frui t ; acidulous, diuretic, refrigerant, astringent, escharotic. American Indians gathered leaves after they turned red and used for smoking with or without tobacco. Roots; yield yellow dye. Decoction of f r u i t ; styptic, wash remedy for dysmenor- rhea. Poultice of bruised leaves and fruit for skin diseases. Cultivated, dry soils.

31. Rhus integrifolia B. and H . Sumac. Lemonade Berry. Rich in tannin. Shrub. Seeds; used by Indians to prepare a cool- ing drink (refrigerant). California.

32. Rhus laurina Nutt. Shrub. Frui ts ; siinilar use as B. integrifolia. California.

33. Rhus ovala Wats. Shrubby plant. Frui ts ; similar use as R. integrifolia. California.

34. Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy, Climbing or Three-leaved Ivy, Poison Vine, Climath, Clirnbing or Trailing Sumac, Black Mer- cury. Rushy vine. Fresh leaves; similar to R. toxicodendron IJ. Thickets and woods, ascending trees.

35. Rhzcs succedanea L. Japanese Wax-tree. Shrub. Frui t ; source of Japan vegetable wax. Exotic. Rare, California.

36. Rhzcs sl~1vestl.i~. Shrubby plant. Yields illuminating wax. Rare, California.

37. Rhus doxicodendran TJ. Poison Oalr, Shrubby Poison Oalr, Poison Ivy. Shrubby plant. Fresh leaves; skin poison, irri-

Anonaceae 15

tant, diaphoretic, diuretic, nerve stimulant, antirheumatic (homoeopathic). Dry pine Iands and oak ridges.

38. Rhus trilobata Nutt, Red-fruited Sumac. Shrub. Indians powder the berries, making a lotion used in the treatment of smallpox. Fruit ; acidulous-eaten by the Indians. Stem ; decoction said to be excellent for couglis and lung troubles. Dry sandy banks. California and northward.

,

39. Rhus vernticifera UC. Japanese Varnish Tree, Lacquer Tree. Shrub to tree. Exudate; constitutes-Japanese lacquer. Exotic, Orient, California.

40. Rhus uernix 11. (Rhzcs venenata, DC.). Poison Sumac, Poi- son Tree, Poison Elder, Swamp Sumac, Poison Ash, Poison or Swamp Dogwood. Shrub ; poisonous. Leaves ; diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, irritant. Eastern plant, Canada. Wet swampy grounds. Rare.

41. Schinus Nolle L. Cdifornia Pepper-tree, Peruvian Mastic- tree. Evergreen shrub or tree. Pungent and spicy shrub. aurn ; used medicinally by Peruvians in diseases of the eye and to harden the gums. Bxotic, South America. Cultivated. Or-. namental. .California.

42. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Christmas Berq-tree. Small tree. Similar to #chinus Molls. nxotic, Brazil. Culti- vated. California.

Anonaceae 43. Anon,a Cherimola Mill. Cherimoya, Cherimolia. Small tree.

Bruit; is much relished and brings a good price in the open market. Properties uncertain. Exotic, Peru. Cultivated, California.

44. Anona macrocarpa. Shrub. Fruit ; large and highiy relished. Properties uncertain. Exotic, subtropical. Cultivated, Southern California.

45. Altona mu~ica ta L. Sour-sop, (fuanabana. Small tree. Fruit ; acid, not highly valued. Seeds ; parasiticide, insecticide --said to be poisonous; used to poison fish. Bark; drastic purgative. Tropical America. Cultivated, Southern California.

46. Anona renifornzis. Small shrub. Use similar to Anona mac- rocwpa. Cultivated, Soutlierp California.

47. Artabotrys odoratissinta R. Br. Climbing Ylang-Ylang. Climbing Vine. Flowers ; yield the famed volatile " ylang-

16 Apocynaceae

ylang" oil of the Chinese. Exotic, India, China and Philip- pines. Cultivated, Southern California.

48. Asimha triloba (L.) Dunal. American Papaw, Common Pawpaw, Papaw, Custard-apple, False Banana, Fetid-shrub. Bush or small tree. Seeds; emetic. Bark; bitter. Cultivated, rich soil. California.

49, Cwnango odmata H . and T . Ylang-Ylang. Tree. Flowers; source of oil of "ylang-ylang" or cananga. Closely related to Artabotqis odoratissima. Exotic, Pacific islands. Southern California.

Apocynaceae 50. Apocynum androsa~mifolium L. Dog-bane, Bitter-root, Bit-

ter or Spreading Dog-bane, Catchfly, Flytrap, Colic-root, Honey-bloom, Milk Ipecac, Wild Ipecac, Wandering Milkweed, Western Wall-flower. Herb. Root ; emeto-catliartic, diaphoretic, alterative. Dry open woocls.

51. Apocynunb androsaentifoliunt var. yuntilunc Gray. Dog- bane, Indian Hemp. Herb. Properties similar to those of Apocynunt cannabinunt. Dry open wood. California and northward. (Native of California.)

52. *Apocynunt cannabinurn L. Canadian Hemp, American or Black Indian Hemp, Indian physic, Rheumatism-weed, Wild Cotton, Bitter-root, Dog-bane. Perennial herb. Dried rhizome and roota; diaphoretic, expectorant, emeto-cathartic, diuretic, cardiac stimulant (poison), antiperiodic. (Properties similar t o IXgitaIis.) Native of coast region. Cultivated.

53. Apocynum veslitnnt Greene. Indian Hemp. Perennial herb. Plant is closely allied to A. cannabinunt and has, no doubt, similar properties. California.

54. Nerium odmum Soland. Sweetrscented Oleander. Shrub, evergreen. Leaves; cardiao poison, nauseant, irritant. (Simi- lar to Digitalis-has been used in heart diseases.) Cultivated. Ornnmental. , California.

55. Nerium Oleander L. Oleander, South Sea Rose, Rose Laurel, Willow of Scripture, Laurose, Rose Bay. Evergreen shrub. Plant (leaves) ; poisonous properties. Has been used in heart diseases. Cardiac poison, nauseant, irritant. Exotic, Mediter- rnnenn region. Cultivated. Ornamentnl.

, Araliaceae 17

56. Vinca major L. Larger Periwinkle, Band-plant, Cut-finger, Hundred-eyes. Trailing evergreen herb. Leaves; astringent, haemostatic. Cultivated.

Araceae 57. Acorus Calamus .h. Sweet Flag, Calamus-root, Flag-root,

Sweet Cane, Sweet Cinnamon, Sweet Myrtle, Myrtle Flag, Beewort. Perennial herb. Dried rhizome; carminative, excitant, sialagogue, tonic, aromatic, bitter feeble stimulant; Swamps and marshes. Banks of streams and ponds. Culti- vated in gardens..

58. Arisaema triphyllzcm (L.) Torr. Indian Turnip, Jack-in- the-pulpit, Dragon Turnip, Bog-onion. Herb. . Fresh corm; irritant, stimulant, carminative, expectorant, diaphoretic. (Insecticide.) . Cultivated.

59. Arum maculatum L. Spotted Arum, Adder's-root, Cuckoo- pint, Dragon-root, Friar's-cowl, Lily-grass, Wild Lily. Herb. Rhizome; aromatic, acrid, carminative, expectorant. (Source of Portland Arrow-root.) Root ; pungent.' Cultivated.

60. flymplocarpus foetidus Salisb. (Lysichiton chamchatoeltsis (JJ,) Schott. ) Slcunlr cabbage., Large-leaf herb, Root ; forms chief ingredient of the patent medicine "Skookim." Reputed stimulant, antispasmodic, emetic (bronchial and pulmonary affections). Salve for ringworm, swellings and inflammatory rheumatism. Swamps and damp woodlands.

Araliaceae 61. Ardia califorizica Wats. California Spikenard, Aromatic

plant. Decoction of dried roots; stomachic, tonic,, bronchial affections, febrifuge, alterative. Moist woodlands. California. ..~.

62. - Aralia lzzcdicaulis L. American Sarsaparilla, Wild or False '

.-

Sarsaparilla, Virginian Sarsaparilla, Small Spikenard, Rab- bit's-root, Wild Licorice. Aromatic plant. Rhizome; stimulant, diuretic, alterative. Moist woodlands. Cultivated.

63. Aralia quinquefolia Decne. (Panax quinquefolia L.) Gin- seng, American Ginseng, Five-Angers, Red-berry, Jinshand, Sang. Herb. Root ; aromatic, bitter stimulant, alterative. Adulterant of Senega. Chinese use root for all diseases. Rocky woods and rich localities. Cultivated. P a m flinseng Meyer (Asiatic Ginseng). Cultivation attempted.

64. *Aralia racemosa L. Spikenard, erican Spikenard, Spig- + net, Indian-root, Life-of-Man, Old-man's-root. Perennial herb. flhizome ; stimulant, diuretic, alterative. Cultivated.

65. Aralia sphosa L. Southern Prickly Elder, Hercules-club, Toothache-tree, Angelica Tree, Sea-ash, Spikenard-tree, Pigeon-tree:. Shrub. Bark; 'acrid, antiarthritic, alterative, diuretic. Has been used as adulterant of Xantltosylon Clava- Hercules L. Moist woods, along streams. Cultivated.

66. Hedera Helix L. English Ivy; Barren, Black, Creeping or Small Ivy, Woodbind, Bindwood (8cotland). lEoot climbing evergreen shrub. Exudate-Ivy gum (Gumini resina hed- erm) ; , emmenagogue, astringent. Berries ; emeto-cathartic, narcotic, Exotic, Burope, Japan. Ornamental. California.

67. Nardia species. Nard, Elpikenard. IIerbaceous plants. Prop- erties reputed like those of Valerian. Not now used medicinally. Botanical origin uncertain. flelated to Valeriana. Cul- tivated in gardens. California.

68. *Aristoloohia retioda#a Nutt, Texas Snake-root, Southern Serpentaria. Perennial herb. Rhizome and roots; simple bitter, tonic, aromatic, alterative. Cultivated experimentally.

69. *Aristotocltia Berpentaria L. Virginia Snake-root, Birth- wort, Pelican-flower. Perennial herb. Rhizome and roots; stirnurant, tonic, diaphoretic, alterative, aromatic bitter. Cul- tivated.

70. Asarum oazcdatum Lindl. Long-tailed Wild Qinger, Wild Ginger. Perennial herb. Plant ; highly aromatic and would, no doubt, prove useful in the manufacture of perfume and sachet powders. Infusion said to be useful in female complaints. Moist, shaded woods, British Columbia south to Blue Mountains, and in the coast ranges to the Santa Cruz Moun- tains, California. Fort Vancouver, Wash.

71. Asarum hartwegi Wats. Hartweg's Wild Ginger. Herb. Another species similar to Asarum oaudatum Lindl. Coniferous forests Siskiyou Mountains, Southern Oregon, to the southern Sierra Nevadas. Central Sierra Nevada, American River.

72. Asarum lemmoni Wats. Lemmon's Wild Qinger. Herb. Similar to Asarum cazcdatunt Lindl. Coniferous forests; Sierra

Bangiaceae 19

Nevadas (Plumas to Tulare Counties, Sierra County, Cali- fornia).

Asclepiadaceae 73. Asc1ep'a.s oa~lifmnica Green. Milk-weed. ' Herb ; has caused

the poisoning of live stock. Poisonous principles require study. Found in pastures. Native of California.

74. Asclepias oordifolia Benth. Properties similar to Asclepias tuberosa I;, Requires study. Native of California.

75. Asclepiar cornuti Dcne. Milk-weed.. Herb and root; known medicinally. For commercial value of caoutchouc. (Schneider.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 23: 157, 1875.) I n waste places.

76. A ~ c l e ~ a s eriocarpa Benth. Milk-weed. Herb. Poisonous and requires study. Claimed to be useful for inflammatory rheumatism. Juice; used as healing application to cuts and wounds, to kill warts, and is used in tattooing. I n pasture. Native to the Pacific coast.

77. Asclepias ntezica/n Cav. Milk-weed. Herb, ~ i o ~ e r t i e s like those of A. cornuti. It is claimed that an insect resembling the Spanish fly, Canthwis, settles on this plant, and transmits to i t vesicant and diuretic properties. Native of Pacific coast.

78. Asclep'as speciosa Torr. Showy Milk-weed. Herb. Reported to be poisonous. Used by laity similar to other species. Culti- vated as an ornamental plant.

79. Asclepim tztberosa 11. Pleurisy Root, Butterfly-weed, In- dian-posy, Tuber-root, Yellow o r Orange Milk-weed. Perennial herb. Dried root ; diaphoretic, expectorant, emeto-cathartic, diuretic, anodyne. Introduced. Waste places.

80. ~ s c l e p i k vestita H . and A. Herb. Similar to Asclepias tuberosa L. Native of California.

Balsaminaceae 81. I n z p t i e ? ~ nolitangere I;. European Touch-me-not, silver-

weed, Wild Balsam, Garden Balsam, Codded Arsmart. Herb. Plant (juice) ; rhus poisoning remedy (antidote); '(Prac. Drug. 42: No. 9, 34, 1924.) Along streams, damp localities. Other species of Impatiens exist.

Bangiaceae 82. Porphpra laciniata Ag. Sea-weed. Herbaceous plant.. Used as food by Indians and Chinese. Rich in salt and mucilage. Along seacoast.

83. Pmphyra vu lgak Ag. Sea-weed. Herbaceous plant. Prop- erties and uses like the preceding species. Salt marshes, seacoast southward.

Berberidaceae 84. Achyls triplcylla (Smith) DC. Wild Vanilla, Vanilla-leaf.

Herb, Reputed to yield cumarin. Common in open coniferous woods (northern California to British Columbia). Requires study. (N. S. Disp.)

85. Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Oregon Grape, Rocky Mountain Grape, Holly-leaved Barberry, California Barberry, Trailing Mahonia. Shrub. Rhizome and roots; bitter tonic, alterative. In open places. Common.

86. Berberis diotyota. California Barberry. Shrub. Similar properties as B. vulgah8. Fruit ; refrigerant, esculent. In open places. California.

87. Berberis nervosa Pursh. False Oregon Brape. Shrub. Ber- ries; acidulous, cholagogue. Bark and roots; are used in jaundice. Common in coniferous woods. (Calif. Cteol. Surv. Bot. 1: 15.) (U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: (No. 111), 348.)

88. Berberis pinnata Lag. Barberry. Shrub. Berries are edible. Stem and root; possess a yellow dye. Properties like those of B. nervosa Pursh. Woodlands. Mountain ranges.

89. Berberis repens. Shrub. Similar properties to B. nervosa Pursh. (Amer. Journ. Pharm. 50: 371-374, 1878.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27 : 201-206, 1879.) '

90. Berben's Thunbergii. Shrub. This species of Berberis reputed to have similar properties to B. aquifoliunt Pursh. Cultivated.

91. *Berberis vulgaris IJ. Barberry, Common European or Garden Barberry, Guild-tree, Jaundice-berry, Sow-berry, Wood-sour, Shrub. Root-bark ; tonic, aperient. Leaves ; antiscorbutic.

92. *CaulopltylZum thalictrodes (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh, Pap- poose-root, Squaw-root, Blue Ginseng, Yellow Ginseng. Peren- nial herb. Rhizome and roots; diuretic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, demulcent. Cultivated experimentally.

93. *Podop?tyllum peltatzcnt L. May Apple, Wild Mandrake, Mandrake, Hog-Apple, Wild or U.round Lemon, Indian Apple, Raccoon-berry, Vegetable Calomel, Umbrella Plant. Perennial

herb. Rhizome and roots; oholagogue, laxative, hydragogue, purgative. Woodland plant. Canada. Introduced in coast states.

Bet ulaceae 94. Alnus incana Willd. Tag Alder, Speckled or Hoary Alder.

Shrub to tree. Rich in tannin-astringent, haemostatic. Used in tanning. Borders of streams, lakes; coastal region.

95. Alnus oregona Nutt. Oregon Alder, Red Alder. Tree. Bark, twigs and buds; used as a tonic in tea, beer and other drinks. An ointment of the bark is used to cure eruptive skin diseases, cuts, sores, ulcers. Moist localities. Stream banks, Canada, Southern Alaska, south in the coaatal region to Santa Barbara

I County, California. Probably western Oregon.

I 1 96. Alnus rltontbifolia Mutt. Alder, White Alder, Mountain

I Alder. Tree. Bark; astringent, bitter, emetic and contains a - -

peculiar dye-stuff. Indians. use a decoction of the fresh or ./ I

dried back as a diaphoretic, parturient. Rocky, -moist soil,

i foothills and mountain canyons in coast states. . 97. *Betulb dba I;. White Birch, European White Birch, Lady

! Birch, Ribbon-tree. Shrub to tree. Bark; yields oil-antiseptic, vulnerary. Leaves; reputed useful in dropsy, rheumatism. Properties similar to B. lenla L. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 1881.) Cultivated. California.

08. *Betula lelzta L, Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch, Spice Birch, River or Mahogany Birch. Shrub to tree. Volatile oil from

I

i bark (twigs) ; stimulant, antiseptic, carminative (flavoring agent), antipyretic, diuretic, rheumatic. Cultivated, Cali-' fornia.

99. Betula occidentalis Hook. Wegtern .Red or Paper Birch, Black Cherry; Qray, Sweet or Water Birch. Shrub to tree. An indigenous species of BetuZa. Requires study. Low grounds bordering streams and lakes; British Columbia, northwestern and eastern Washington, Skagit River valley, Shores and in- lands of Puget Sound and Vancouver Island, B.. C.

100. Corylus Americana Walt. American Hazel-nut. Shrubby tree. Kernels ; yield a Hand fixed oil (hazel-nut oil). Substi- tute for cotton-seed oil. Thickets, northward. Cultivated.

101. Cwylus Avellana XI. European Hazel or Filbert, Beard Tree, Halenut, Nuttal Tree, Nut-bush, Wood-nut. Shrub.

Kernels or seeds; yield bland oil. Bark; yields a yellow dye. Cultivated. Oregon.

102. Cwylus ca l i fmica (A. DO.) Rose, Anierican Hazel-nut Bush, Filbert. Shrub. Seeds; yield hazel-nut oil, Requires study. Moist canyon slopes along stream. British Columbia to southern Sierra Nevada and Santa Cruz Mountains, Cali- fornia.

Bignoniaceae 103. Catalpa cdalm'~ai . s t . Catalpa Tree, Indian Bean, 13ean

Tree, Smoldng-bean, Cigar l'ree, Indian-Cigar, Candle 'l'ree, Gatawba Tree. Tree. Fruit ; antiapasmodio, cardiac sedative. Bark; anthelmintic, alterative. The seeds,, pods, and leaves; found useful in asthma. Introduced as ornamental tree.

Boletaceae 104. Boletus. Pore fungi. Eaten as food by Calpella Indians.

Poisonous. (Contrib. .U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. 111) 301.) (Schneider.)

Boraginaceae 105. 13orra.go oficinalis JJ. Borage, Levant, Burrago, Star-flower,

Bee-bread. Herbaceous plant. Herb; diuretic, diaphoretic, febrifuge; irritant, emollient (febrile conditions, catarrhal affections, rheumatic complaints), Cultivated.

106. Cl~noglossunt graltde Dougl. Coyote, Dog-ear, Honnd's- tongue. Herb. Roots; used by Indians for scales, burns and to relieve colic (cooked roots are eaten). In open moods, Clarke County, Washington and southward (California) .

107. Heliotropiunt ctcrassavic~cs)c L. Heliotrope, Seaside Helio- trope. Herb to small shrub. Mucilaginous juice of the leaves is dried, reduced to a powder and applied to wounds and abra- sions. Requires study. Sandy seashores and marshes.

108. Lappzcla Moenoh. Stick-seed. Pubescent herbs with bur- like fruit. Requires study. Woods, thickets and waysides. ~oun ta inous cliffs.

109. L'i'thospermum L. "Stone-seed," Batschia. Annual or perennial hirsute herbs. Requires study. Dry prairies.

110. Nerf ensin Roth.. Blue-bell, Lungwort, PuImonaria. Peren- nial herbs. Requires study. (Schneider.) In open mountainous moods.

111. Plagiobothrya campestris Greene. Snowdrop. Annual herb. Tender shoots, flowers and seeds eaten. A coloring eubstance is found in the young leaves resembling that obtained from Alkanna tinctotia. Dry fields and prairies.

112. Z??agiobot?zrgs ltotlzofulvus Bray. Annual herb. Roots ; used by Indians in preparing a red face (may prove of commercial value). (Schneider.) I n dry fields and prairies, Willamette Valley, Oregon, and southward.

113. Plagiobotlcmjs ursinus, Annual herb. Roots; yield substance similar to that of Plagiobothrys campest& Qreene. Re- quires study. Dry regions.

114. Symphyt urn oflcinale L. Hispid perennial herb. Comfrey Itoot, Blaclrwort, Bruisewort, Slippery-root, Gum-plant, Ass- ear. Dried root and leaves; demulcent, mildly astringent. A deooction useful for diarrhoea and dysentery. (N. S. Disp.) Cultivated.

Bromeliaceae 115, Ananas sativa Sohultz. Pineapple, Ananassa. Herbaceous

tropical plant. Ripe fruit; digestant, dietetic, flavoring agent. Unripe fruit; astringent, diuretic, anthelmintic, abortifacient. Cultivated, Southern California (Santn Monica),

Butneriaceae 116, Butneria occidentalis Greene. Californin Spice-bush, West-

ern Spice-bush. Fragrant shrub. All parts very aromatic. Requires study. California and northward. - .

Cac taceae I

117. Anltalonizcm Lewini Henning. Cactus, Pellote. Fleshy, condensed, spicy plant. Reported a powerful cardiac and respiratory stimulant (used in angina pectoris and asthmatic .

affection). Native of Mexico. California. 118. *Cmtu,s grandifiorus L, Night-blooming Cereus, Fragrant

Night-blooming Cereus. Perennial, herbaceous shrub-like plant. Stems; irritant. Treatment of dropsy. Tropical Amer- ica. Cardiac stimulant properties questionable. Exotic, Mex- ico. CuItivnted, Lower California.

13 9. Echinocac tics cy lindricn. Niggerhead, Hedgehog Thistle. harge thick cactus. Young shoots and seeds are eaten. Plant

possesses abundance of juice. Requires study. California. Desert regions.

120. Echinooaotus polycephdzcs. Devil's Pincushion, Low prostrate cactus. Seeds; used ~ E I food by the Indians. Spines; used for needles. Requires study. California. Desert regions.

121. Opwntia basilark Englm. Bushy cactus. Fruits; eaten, after being specially prepared. This species said to be the most valuable of the . Opzcntias. Medicinal properties doubtful. Southern California (desert areas).

122. Opultiitia, berltardina Englm. Bushy cactus. Properties and uses like other species. Native of Southern California.

123. Opuntiaengelmanltii Salm-Dyck. Prickly Year. Spreading, bushy, cactus. Fruit ; sweet-large quantities are collected, dried and preserved for food by the Indians. (Schneider.) California barren regions, into Mexico.

124. Opu~ttia tuna Mill. Prickly pear, Indian Fig. Bushy (tree- like) cactus. Fruit ; esculent, yields a red dye. This species is mope particularly the food plant of the cochineal insect, which also thrives, however, on Nopalea coclte.nillif er. Cultivated, Calif ornin.

125. Opulttia: vulga& Mill. Cactus. Properties similar to above species. California.

Callitrichaceae 126. CaJlitm'cke palust& IJ. Water Fennel, Water Starwort.

Perennial herb. A decoction useful for dropsy and in urinary affections. (Schneider.) Common in ponds and pools.

Caprifoliaceae 127. Lonicera caprifolizcnt L. Honeysuckle, Italian Honeysuckle,

Perfoliate Honeysuckle, American or Fragrant Woodbine. Twining shrub. Flowers; used in perfumery, pulmonary affections. Frui t ; of all species reputed useful as an emetic and cathartio. Ornamental plant.

128. Lolticera 4teterrupta Benth. Honeysuclrle. Twining shrub. Leaves (infusion) ; used as eye-wash. Requires study. Cali- fornia.

129. *Sawlbzccus canadensis L. Blder Berry, Elder, American Elder, Sweet Elder, Common Elder. Shrub. Flowers; diuretic, mild carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant (sudorific). Bark ;

I

i emollient, stimulant, alterative, cathartic, emetic. American

I Indians used tea from dry Bowers as diaphoretic. Along streams and borders of ponds.

I 130. 8anabucus glauca Nutt. California Elder, California Pale Elder. Shrubby plant. Plowers ; diuretic and diaphoretic. 13ark (decoction) ; popular household remedy weful in skin diseases and as an astringent. Leaves and bark; used by In- dians. In dry fields, Vancouver Island, B. C., to California and Idaho.

131. 8ambuCus nigra L. European Elder, Common Elder, Qer- man or Parsley Elder, Black-berried Elder. Shrub to tree. Flowers ; demulcent, emollient, diuretic; diaphoretic. Fruit ;

I aperient, diuretic. Fruit juice ; aperient, diuretic, deobatruent. I I I Exotic and cultivated.

132. lgyntphoricarpos raoemosus Michx. Snow-berry, Snow-drop- berry, Wax-berry, Coral-berry, Snap-berry, Turkey-berry, Wolf-berry, Indian Currant. Shrub. Fruits; reputed emetic, cathartic, diuretic. (N. S. Disp.) Ornamental. Cultivated.

133. T~iosteum perfoliatum L. Horse Clentian, Tinker's Weed, Wild Coffee, Bastard Ipecac. Coarse herbaceous plant. Herb; cathartic, diuretic, emetic. Rich, low woodlands. Cultivated.

134. Viburnum americanum. Shrub. No doubt this plant has general properties of Viburnums. Requires study. Culti- vated.

135. Viburnun~ Lentago L. Nanny-berry, Nanny-bush, Nanny- plum, Sheep-berry, Sweet-berry, Sweet Viburnum, Wild Rai- sin. Shrub to tree. Resembles other species of Viburnum. (U. S. Disp.) Cultivated.

136. *Viburnum opulus L. Cranberry Tree, High-bush Cran- berry, Cramp-bark Tree, Dog Rowan Tree, White Dogwood (England), Red or Rose Elder, Marsh or Water Elder, White Blder, Squaw-bush, Snowball-bush. Shrub to tree. Bark; antispasmodic, uterine sedative. Fruit ; acidulow. Sumas prairie. Cultivated as ornamental plants.

137. *Viburnunz prunifolium L. Black Haw, Stag-bush, Sheep- berry. Shrub or small tree. Root-bark; uterine sedative; nervine, antispasmodic, diuretic (tonic), astringent. Cultivated as ornamental plants.

26 Celastraceae

Cnryoph yllaceae 138. Qypsophila paniculata L; Tall Qypsophyll, Babies1-breath,

Mist. Herb. Reputed to contain a saponin. Requires study. Exotic. Cultivated.

139. flaponaria oflcina.1i.s L. Bouncing-Bet, Common Soapwort, Soap-root, Bruisewort, Chimney Pink, Crow-soap, Hedge .Pink, Old-maid's Pink, l?uller's-herb, Saponary, Scourwort, Sheep-weed, Sweet-Betty, Wild Sweet William, Woods Phlox. Perennial herb. Root; alterative, detergent, discutient. Exotic,

.A.aia. Cultivated, California. 140. Silene laciniata Cav. Yerba del India. Pubescent peren-

nial herb. Used by Spaniards as a tea-reputed to be useful $n the treatment of general aches, sprains, sores and ulcers. Waste places. California southward.

141. 8ilene virgin& L. Fire Pink, Catch-fly. An eastern species rare on'west coast. Reputed to be poisonous, anthelmintic, Open woods.

142. ' &ellaria media ( L . ) Cyrill. Alsine, Common Chick-weed, Chicken-weed, Satin-flower, Tongue-grass, White-bird, Winter. meed. Herb; reputed refrigerant, demulcent and alterative. Common weed, introduced from Europe.

143. Tdssa rubra . (L . ) Britt. Sand Spurry, Purple Sandwort, Red Sandwort. Low herb. Plant; diaphoretic and alterative. Other species are also used. Common in gravelly prairies.

Celastraceae 144. Celastrtts sca?tdetts L. False Bitter-sweet, Climbing or

Shrubby Bitter-sweet, Wax-work, Staff-tree, Staff-vine, Fever- twig, Yellow-root, Climbing Orange-root, Twining shrub. Bark ; reputed emetic. Useful in venereal diseases. Cultivated,

145. *Euonymu.s atropurpureus Jacq. Wahoo, Burning-bush, Bursting-heart, Indian Arrow-wood, Strawberry Tree or Bush, American Spindle-tree. Tree. Root-bark; bitter, tonic, ehola- gogue, laxative. Cultivated.

146. Euonymzls Ez~ropaeus IJ Spindle-tree, Arrow-beam, Butcher's-prick-tree, Cat Tree, Qaiter Tree, Gatten. Shrub to small tree. Seeds; purgative, emetic, insecticide. Exotic. Cul- tivated.

, I:.

Chenopodiaceae ' 2 7

147. Euonyntus occidentalis Nutt. Wahoo species. Shrub to tree. Therapeutical virtues deemed worthy of study. In deep woods along streanis; Clarlce County, Washington, and southward.

Ceratophyllaceae . 148. Ceratopltyllunt demersum L. Hornwort, Horn-weed, Mor-

nss-weed. Aquatic herb. Plant ; reputed emollient. Common in quiet streams and lakes.

Chenopodiaceae 149. Atriplex hortensis L. Garden Oraoh, Orage, Mountain

.Spinach, Bonny-dame, Butter-leaves. Herb. Seeds; emetic. Plant used as food .and for medicinal purposes by Indians. Rich in sodium and other salts. California to Mexico (coast region and seashore).

150. "Beta vulgaris L. Beet, Beet-radish, Sugar Beet, Mangel. Herbaceous plant. Tubers; source of beet flugar. Cultivated, California, , .

151. Chenopodium album L. Lamb's-quarters, Pig-weed, Bacon- weed, Pat-hen, Muck-weed, White Goosefoot, Wild Spinach. Herb. Leaves ; used by Indians to relieve stomach ailments. A * '* common introduced weed.

1.52. * Chenopodiunz ambrosisides L. Wild Worm-seed, Mexican Tea, Spanish Tea, Jerusalem Tea, Jesuit Tea, Ambrosia. Aromatic annual or perennial. Herb ; tonic, nervine, emmenagogue. Seeds ; vermifuge. Waste' places, roadsides.

153. "Chenopodium anthelminticum L. (C. ambrosioides var. anthelminticum A. Gray). American Wormseed, Worm-eeed, Jerusalem Oak, Aromatic perennial herb. Flowering and fruiting plant; anthelmintic, vermifuge, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant. Waste places, roadsides. Cultivated.

154. Chenopodium Botrys L. Jerusalem-oak, Ambrose, Feather aeranium, Turnpike Geranium, Hind-heal. Herb. Plant ; aromatic, resembling C. antbrosioides L. Indians used leaves as food and seeds medicinally. Waste places.

155. Ckenopodium californicz~m Wats. Soap Plant. Herb. Roots; formerly used as substitute for soap. Waste places.

156. Chenopodium nzwrale L. Herb. Indians used leaves sls food and seeds (other portions) of plant medicinally. Rare irl. waste places. Exotic, Europe.

167. Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goose-foot or Pig-weed, French Spinach, Swine's-bane. Herb. Used similar to C. murale L. by Indians. Waste places.

168. Chefiopodiuwt vulvaria lj. Fetid Goose-foot, Stinking Qoose- foot or Motherwort, Notch-weed. Herb. Plant ; antispasmodic, nervine. Used by Indians similar to above species. Waste places.

159. Eurotia lanuta Moq. White Sage, Winter-fat, Winter Sage. Herbaceous plant; reputed to be useful in intermittent fevers. California.

160. 8alicorfiia ambigzul Miohx. Pickle-weed, Glasswort, Salt- wort, Samphire. Low saline (succulent) plant. The ash rich in soda. Formerly used in the manufacture of glass. Species of this plant cause paraIysis of the central nervous system. Stems; used for pickles. Common in salt marshes.

161. Sdsola Xali tenuifolia B. 3'. W . Mey. Saltwort, Salt- grape, Olasswort, Russian Thistle. Low saline herb. Plant ash possesses soda. Irritant. Sparingly introduced meed.

162. 8uaeda californica Wats. Dondia, Sea-blite. Fleshy saline plant. This and other species very rich in soda salts. Moist localities near seacoast, California.

Cistaceae 163. Cistus labdmiferuk, L. Labdanum, Rock-rose. Bvergreen

slirub. Containe resinous substance (labdanum) of. comrner- cia1 value in Orient-useful in plasters., Bxpectorant, tonic, aromatic, emmenagogue, stimulant. Uultivated, Californirq.

164. Iieliantlcentuna cawdense (11,) Michx. (0, ca~tade?tsis L.) . Frostwort, Frost-weed, Frost Plant, Canadian 1Eook-rose, Sun- rose, Scrofula Plant. Herbaceous plant. Herb; astringent, alterative. Cultivated. Sandy or gravelly soil. . ,

165. Helianthemum scopa~.iztm Nutt. Rock-rose. Properties presumably like those of lislia~ttl~entz6ni canadense (L.) Miohx. Reported used in scrofula, scarlatina, skin affections. Sandy or gravelly soil.

Compositae lGG, Achillea Nillefolizinc L. Yarrow, Milfoil, Dog-daisy, Nose-

bleed, Old-Man's-pepper, Green-arrow, Soldier's Wound-wort. Aromatic herb. Flowering plant or flowers; stimulant, aro-

matic, sudorific, tonic, astringent, diuretic, vulnerary. Ameri- can Indians used leaves as tea, poultioe for skin rash. Abun- dant in open lands, common.

167. Achyraclcaena mollis Shauer. Herbaceous plant. Indians of CaIifornia use the seeds for p i n o l e p ~ r c h e d , ground and mixed with water, (Schneider.) California, ?

168, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Rag-weed, Common Rag-weed, Hog-weed, Roman Wormwood, Wild Tansy, Stammerwort, Bitter-weed, Carrot-weed, Bastard Wormwood. Herbaceous plant. Leaves ; local haemostatio, stimulant (astringent). Ameri- can Indians bruised leaves in treatment of nausea; abdomen scarified and a dressing of bruised leaves applied. Common alo.ng roadsides and wnste places.

169. Ambrosia psilostmhps DC. Rag-weed. ~ e r b . This plant has not been well investigated. I t is generally believed to be inferior to the above species. ' Waste places.

170. *Anacyolus Pyrethrum (L.) DC. PeIlitory, Pellitory of Spain, Spanish Camomile, Alexander's-foot, Longwort: Peren- nial herb. Root; sialagogue, sternutatory, errhine, counter- 1 irritant. Exotic, N. Africa. Cultivated.

171. A.napltalis wzargccritauea B. and H. Pearly Everlasting, I

Large-flowered Everlasting, Life-everlasting, Live-long, Ever- white, Cotton-weed, Indian-posy, Ladies1 Tobacco, Poverty- weed, Silver-button, Silver-leaf. Herb. Plant; aromatic, antiseptic, vulnerary, astringent, expeetorant. Fresh juice; aphrodisiac. Infusion ; diaphoretic, haemostatio. Dry . hilly woodlands. Cultivated.

172. Anapkalis ntargaritacea occidentalis Greene.. A variety of Everlasting. Herb. Action and uses similar to above species. _-.

Common in open places, especially in burned-over areas. 173. Alzapltalis margaritacea szcbal?n'na; Bray. Herbaceous plant.

Everlasting variety-therapeutic virtues, no doubt, similar to A. margam'tacea B. and H. In moist meadows in the mountains a t low elevations, Rare.

174. Antennaria pamifolio Nutt. Cud-weed, Pussy Toe, Anten- naria. Low' velvety perennial. Reported to be poisonous. Re- quires study. Meadows, California.

175. Anthemis arvensis li. Corn Chamomile, FieId Camomile. Flower heads and herb; reputed mild tonic, emetic, anthel- niintic. Similar to Matrioaria. Exotic, Cultivated.

176. Antheitcis Cotula L. May-weed, Dog's Camomile, Stinking Camomile, Fetid May-weed, Bald-eyebrow, Chigger-weed, Dog or Horse Daisy, Poison Daisy, Dill-weed, Dog-fennel, Field- wort, Hog-fennel, Madder. Herb. Plant ; irritant properties. (Collynarium.) Pulmonary and rheumatic affections. Common meed, introduced from Burope.

177. Anthemis ~tohilis L. Garden, English, White or Law Camo- mile; Scotch Camomile, Roman Camomile, Ground-apple, Whig-plant. Herb. Dried flower heads; stimulant, antispas- modia, simple tonic, carminative. Yields volatile oil. Exotic. Cultivated.

178. Antlcemi8 tinctm'a L. Herbaceous plant. A species of Aw tlceds probably having similar properties to above, liequires study. Cultivated. . I n fields, sparingly introduced from Europe.

179. Aplopappus phlineii. Bushy plant. Leaves and twigs; used by Coahuilla Indians to relieve swelling and pain. (Bar- rows.) California.

180. *Arctiurn lappa L. Burdock, Qreat Burdock, Beggar's Buttons, Cuclroo-button, Harebur, Turlroy-bur. Biennial liorb. Dried, first year root; alterative, aperient, diuretic, diaplioretic. Common weed.

181. *Arbtiunt ininus Sclik. Common Burdock, Lesser Burdock. Biennial coarse plant. Itoot and fruit; alterative, aperient, diuretic. Common in waste places.

182. Arnica discoidea Benth. Herbaceous plant. Indigenous species having probably similar properties to A. ntontana L. R,equires study. Mountainous regions and foothills.

183. Arnica fulgens Pursh. Herbaceous plant. Indigenous species. Properties probably similar to A. ntontana L. Irritant, narcotic, vulnerary, nauseant. Poisonous. Requires study. Goat's Mountain.

184. Arnica gvacilis Rydb, Herbaceous plant. Indigenous species. Properties probably similar to A. ntontana L, Requires study. Olympia Mountains.

185. Arnica latifolia Bong, Herbaceous plant. Probably similar to above species. Common along Alpine streams.

186. Arnica iaonocepl~a.la. Herbaoeous plant. Indigenous species, having probably similar properties to A. montana L. Poi-

sonous. ltequires study. Mountainous regions and foothills (California).

187. "Arnica ntontatra L. Arnica, Leopard's-bane, Wolf's- bane, Mountain Tobacco. Perennial herb: Flowers, roots and rhizomes ; irritant, nauseant, narcotic, vulnerar~. Exotic. Cul- tivated. ,

188. "Artemisia Absinthizcm 5. Wormwood, Absinthium, Mad- erwort, Mingwort, Old-woman. Shrubby herb. Tops and leaves; stimulant, tonic, anthelmintic, narcotic. Cultivated in gardens.

189. Artentisia annw. Shrubby herb. This plant reputed to have similar properties to those of the genus Artemisia. Cnl- tivated. (U. of Wash.)

190. Artemisia Ijidentata. Herbaceous plant. An indigenous species, probably having similar properties to Artemisia Ab- sinthiunt L. and Artemisicc heterophvlla Nutt. California.

191. Artemisia californica Less. Old-man, ~ a ~ e l i r u s h , Hillbrush. Bushy herb. Leaves and branches; insecticide powers (H. 8. Behr). Reputed to be of value in the treatment of cholera. (Mexicans.) (Emory Report (1859) Bot. Mex. Bound. Sur- vey.) California.

192. Artentisia dracwazcloides Pursh. Woody herb. Frui t ; used as food. Plant ; used by Indians as "hair tonic." Active properties should be studied. (Hall.) Woodlands and open spaces. Sandy regions.

193. Artemisia frigida Willd. Mountain Sage, Pasture Sage- brush, Wild Sage, Wormwood Sage, Sierra Salvia, Colorado Mountain Sage. Bushy herb. Plant; aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, febrifuge, mild cathartic, diuretic. Probably..contains a glucoside. Monntainous regions. California.

194. Artentisia Iteterophylla Nutt. Mugwort, Wormwood. Her- baceous plant. Leaves; reputed useful in the treatment of colics and colds (bronchitis). Used by Indians to relieve headache, colic, diarrhoea, rheumatism and fevers. Poultices snid to be useful in the treatment of poison oak, check hemor- rhages, sore eyes. Native of .California.

195. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Sagebrush, Common Sagebrush, Cage-wood, Mountain Sage. Herbaceous plant. Reported to be poisonous. Used by Indians in bowel complaints. Prop-

3 2 Contposit ae

erties similar to A. fvigida Willd. California. 131ufTs nnncl ranges.

196. Artentisia vulga.ris L. Common Mngwort, Felon-herb, Green Ginger, Motherwort. Herb; emmenagogue, antispns- modio. Root; tonic, antispasmodic. (Swiss Pliarniaoopocin.) Exotic, Europe. Cultivclted. OrnamentaI.

197. Artemisia vulgaris califor?zica Beso. Mugweed, Sailor's Tobacco. Herbaceous plant. Properties and uses si~nilar to A . heteropltylla Nutt. (Le Maout and Decaisne.) California. Rocky bluffs and ridges.

198. Aster puniceus L. Aster, Red-stalk or Purple-stem Aster, Early Purple Aster, Meadow Scabish, Swan-weed, Squaw- weed. Perennial herbaceous plant. Root ; stimulant, diaplioretic, antispasmodic. Used in rlieumatic and catarrhal troubles. Cultivated. Ornamental plant. California.

199. Baccltaris glutinosa Pers. Groundsel-tree. Sllrub. Decoe- tion of leaves; i~sed as an eyewash by Coalijlln Indians. (Bar- rows.) Waste lands. California and nortliward.

200. Balsantorrhiza deltoidea Nutt. Balsam-root. JJOW perennial l~orb. Seeds; used as food by .lClarnuth Intlinne of Orcgoli. The Balsantorrl~iza species contain a terebintltine principle in the outer root parenchyma, removed by lridians before eating. This resin or turpentine requires study. Prairies, Vancouver Island to California'. Mouth Williarnette River. (Nuttnll.)

201. Balsantovrltiza digittata. Iiow perennial herb. Seeds ; used similar to B. deltoidea Nutt. Prairies, Willa~nette Valley, sou tliward.

202. Balsantorrltiza sagittata Nutt. Wild Sunflower. Perennial herb. Roots; used medicinally by the Piute Indians. Petioles eaten. Fragrant. Contain volatile oil similar to 13. terebz'w thacea Nutt. lteported to be poisonous. Prairies, California northward.

203. Balsantorrhiza terebittthacea Nutt. Perennial herb. Roots; strong terebinthine odor, diuretic. Waste lands and prairies, California.

204. Bellis perennis L. Garden Daisy, English or Buropean Daisy, Dicky Daisy, Bone-flower, Bonewort, Bruise-wort, Consound, Bwe dowan, May aowan, IIen-and-cl~iclcens, Maple- flower. Herb. Leaves; formerly reputed vulnerary. Exotic. Cultivated.

205. Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish-needles. Cuclcolds. Herba- ceous plant. l?.oot and seed; emmenagogue, expectorant (used in hay nstllma), stimulant, antispasmodic, local irritant (hot inf usion-throat and bronchial diseases). Damp localities, woods and ficlils.

206. B,ig.elovia gvaveolens Gray. Perennial herb. Coaliilla Indi- ana p r e p r e tea from twigs given for cougl~s and pains in the clicst. (.Barrows.) Cnliforniu.

207. i!li3igelovia ~,te?czies+i. Perennial herb. Resembles B. seneta (H, 13. I<.) Gray. California.

208. Bigelouia veneta ($1. 13. K.) Qray. Rushy Goldenrod, "Yerba anti-rheumatics." Bush herb. Reported to have aphrodisiac properties. Used in the treatment of rheumatism. Possesses resinous exudation resembling that of GP-ittdelia vobusta. California.

209. Blepltaripappus Douglasii H. and A. Creene. (Layia calloglossa Gray.) Perennial herb,. Decoction prepared with , equal parts of milk and water, cooled and used as an appli-

I cation to sore and inflamed eyes. (ScImeider.) California. 210. Blzcntea balsamifera 110. BIurnea Camphor. Ngai. IIerba-

ceow plant. Plant; yields camphor by oxidation with nitric acid-Ngni Camphor. Introduced in Southern California.

211. Brawneria ptwpwea (L.) ~ r ' i t . Black Sampson, Purple Cone-flower, Red Sun-Bower, Comb-flower, Hedgehog. Peren- nial Iierb. Root; alterative. Substitute for Echinacea. Cultivated.

21.2. "Cale~tdida oficina.lis I J . Marigold, aarden Marigold, Bold- bloom. Annual herb. Dried ligulate (florets) ; vulnerary, anti- emetic, bitter tonic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, stimulant to ~votinils and ulcers. Adulterant for Saffron and Arnicn. Cultivated.

213. Cavlha?,tiu t,inctoriw IJ. SaMower, American Saffron, Afri- can Suff ron, Dyer's Saffron. Sturdy herbaceous plant. Flo- rets; diaphoretic, stoutuchic, bitter, laxative. Saffron adulterant. R o ~ ~ g e manufacturing. Exotic. Cultivated.

214. C'eetazwea c y a w s I;. Blue-bottle, Corn Blue-bottle, Corn- flowel; Bnchelor's Buttons, Blue-blow, Blue-bonnets, Blue- caps, Blue Poppy, Brealr-your-spectacles, Corn Centaury, TVitc11es'-tbimblea. Annual herb. Florets; mildly astringent.

Formerly used for sore eyes. Common weed in fields and waysides.

215.' Centaurea solstitialb L. St. Barnaby's Thistle, Yellow Star Thistle. Annual herbaceous plant. Mature plant; reported poisonous to live stock. Requires study. Troublesome weed. Exotic, Europe. Waste areas.

216. Chrysanthemum , cinerariif oliuna (Trev.) Bocc. Chrysan- themum, Ox-eye Daisy, Pyrethrum. Herbaceous plant. Half- expanded flower heads; insect powder (insecticide, parasiticide). Fumes of burning cones (pastilles) destructive to insects. Exotic. Cultivated experimentally.

217. Chrysanthemum Leucadhemunt 5. Common Daisy, Ox- eye Daisy, Hungarian or Russian Daisy. Herbaceous plant. Flower heads; adulterant for Matricaria. Substitute for above species 8s insect powder. Exotic and cultivated. Fields.

218. Cichoriurn Ilatybus L. Chicory, Succory, Blue Daisy, Blue Sailors, Blue Dandelion. Stout perennial herb. h o t ; bitter, tonic. Substitute for Dandelion root. Adulterant of Coffee. A native of Europe; naturalized in fields. Cultivated, San Joaquin Valley, California.

219. Cirsiunt aruettse (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle. Perennial herb. Plant; emetic, tonic, diaphoretic, reported to contain an dlraloid. Root; astringent-has been used medicinally. A weed in cultivated ground, introduced from Europe.

220. Cnicus benedictus IJ. Blessed Thistle, St. Benedict's This- tle, Holy Thistle, Carduus. Herbaceous plant. ' leaves and flowering tops; bitter tonic (irritant properties). Seeds mid herb ; used medicinally. Introduced. (University (Jardens, Berkeley, California. Exterminated,)

221, Coleosanthw cdifornicus Kuntse. Brickellia. California Boneset. Herbaceous plant. Leaves; used as a substitute for tea. Expectorant, antispasmodic. Gravelly and rocky localities.

222. Echinacea angusdifolia DC. Niggerhead. Herbaceous plant. Reported useful as antidote for rattlesnake bite, for blood poisoning, alterative. Used as a cancer remedy and blood purifier by Eclectics. Probably possemes similar properties to Bra~azcneria purpurea (L.) Brit. Cultivated. Escaped.

223. Erigeron augustatus. Herbaceous plant. Indigenous species

of fleabanc worthy of consideration. Abundant in waste places and cultivated fields. California.

224. Erigeron canadense L. Fleabane, Horse-meed. Bristly herbaceous plant. Herb; reported used as tonic, diuretic and astringent (diarrhoea and dropsy). Oil ; reported useful as urinary and pulmonary haemostatic, venereal diseases. Weed --abundant in cultivated lands. California, northward.

225. #?tigeron glaucus Ker. Beach Aster. Perennial herb. In- digenous species of fleabane. Probably has similar properties to E. canadense L. Coast and seashores of Oregon and Cali- fornia.

226. Zrigeron misei, Herbaceous plant. Indigenous species of fleabane. Properties probably similar to E. canadense L. Cali- fornia (common).

227. Erigeron Pkildelphicus L. Philadelphia Fleabane, Sweet Scabious, Daisy-Fleabane. Herbaceous plant. qtudy required;

I Co'mmon in moist meadows and,banks of s t r e a h . 228. Eupatorium bolanderi DC. Perennial herb.: The Apache

I Indians used plant as substitute for tobacco. Reported to have narcotic properties. Smoking produces nervous tremors. California northward. I 229. Eupatorium foenicolaceun. Perennial herb. Similar in properties to E. wrightii Bray. Waste places. California.

230. Eupatmiunt ntaculatum L. Spotted Joe-Pye Weed, Spot- ted Boneset, Spotted Eyebright. Perennial pubescent herb. Closely related to E. purpureum L. Properties probably similar. Requires study. Sumas, Washington, B. C., eastward.

231. *Eupatot-ium perfoliatum L. Boneset, Common Thorough- wort, Indian-sage, Agueweed, Vegetable Antimony, Sweating- plant, Peverwort. Hardy perennial herb. Leaves and flowering tops ; bitter, tonic, diaphoretic, cathartic, febrifuge, emetic, stimulant, diuretic. Waste places. Open and wood lands.

232. Eupatoriunt purpureum L. Gravel-root, Joe-the-weed, Trumpet-weed, Indian Marsh-milkweed, Motherwort, Queen- of-the-meadow, Purple Boneset, Tall Boneset. Tall perennial herb. Root ; diuretic, astringent, alterative (urinary affections and female disorders). Waste places.

233. Eupatoriunt teucrifoliunt Willd. ( E . ' verbenaefoliutn Michx.) Wild Horehound, Rough Vervian Thoroughwort.

Stout perennial herb. Plant ; properties similar to E. perfoliatum L. Waste places.

234. Ez~patorizcnt Wriglclii Gray. Boneset. Perennial herb. Perhaps similar in properties to the above species. Requires study. Prairies and woodlands.

235.. Filago californica Nutt. Filago, Gifola, Diapheria, 14ver- lasting. Herbaceous plant. Herb; reported useful for fever and ague, vulnerary. California. Dry fields.

236. Filago gallica L. Cotton Rose. Herbaceous plant. Prop- erties ailnilar to above species. Requires study. California. Dry fields.

237. QnapRaliwn deczvrens Ives. Cudweed, Lady's Tobacco. Herb. Leaves; reported useful for catarrlial afPections, sedative. A decoction has been used for intestinal and pulmonary catarrh. Used externally as a lotion for bruises. Open woodlands and prairies.

238. Q?iapkalizun deczcrrens califo~niczc~~~ DC. I-Ierb. 'llliis species probably has similar properties to Q. decurrew Ives. California northward.

239. Qtsaphalizcm nsargnritacezcae. Life-everlas ting. 1.1 erb. Properties of this species possibly sirnilar to #. deczwem Ives, perhaps having but little actual medicinal value. Prairies.

240. Qnapltali~un ranzosissintzcnt Nutt. Cudweecl. Herb. Plant ; used by Eclecltios as astringent, expectorant. Ploss of the flower heads; used to stuff pillows. Prairies and swamps.

241. Qnaphalizcnt zcligi~toszcm L. LOW Cudmeed, Mouse-ear, Dysentery-weed, Marsh Cudmeed, Small Life-everlasting. Herb; demulcent, stomachic, alterative. Moist places, river banks.

242. *Gt$?idelia cuneifolia Nutt. Grindelin, Tar-weed, Cum- plant. Perennial herb. Leaves and flowering tops ; stimulating expectorant, bronchial aflections. Properties similar to C . squarrosa Dun. Indians used the plant for pulmonary affections and poison oak. California.

243. Grindelia glzctinosa Dunal. Gum-plant, Herbaceous plant. Properties similar to (3. robzcsta Nutt. ( U . 8. Disp.) Cali- f ornia.

244. Qrindelia hirstctula Hook Gum-plant. Herbaceous plant. Has been reputed useful for the treatment of astlma. Yrob- ably has similar properties to G . robzcsta Nutt. California,

245. Bm'ndelia robusta Nutt. Grindelia, Tar-weed, Gum-plant. Herbaceous plant. Flowering tops; balsamic, antispasmodic, alterative. Popular poison oak remedy. Leaves; reported useful in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatism. California.

246. *Brindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dun. Broad-leaved durn- plant, Tar-weed, Crindelia. Perennial herb. Leaves and flowering tops ; tonic, expectorant (poison oak remedy). Culti- vated. California.

I 247. Eeleniastrum puberulum. Sneezewood. Herbaceous plant. I

>"- - Herb; reported tonic, antiscorbutic. Use$ as a snuff in catarrhal affections. Prairies. California.

248. Welenium azdumnale L. Sneeze-weed, Sneezewort, Ox-eye, Yellow-star, Swamp or False Sunflower. Perennial herb. Flowers and leaves ; errhine (decoction as tonic). Probably some narcotic properties. Irritant. Plant poisonous to cattle and sheep. American Indians used dry, nearly mature flower heads powdered as snuff for cold in head. Infusion of leaves; laxative, alterative. Introduced in Oregon, Washington, and California.

249. Zlelenizcrn autuwznale grandiflorum (Nutt.) Gray. Peren- nial herb. Similar to EI. ahtumnale L. River banks, rare.

250. EIelenium montanum Nutt. Sneezewood. Perennial herb. Reported to be poisonous. Requires study. California northward.

251. Helewium pztberulum DC. Rosilla, Sneezewood. Perennial herb. Flower heads and leaves ; tonic, antiscorbutic. Reported used in venereal affections. Flowers powdered and used as snuff for catarrh. Mountain View, California, and vicinity.

252. Helianthus annus L. Sunflower, Common or Garden Sun- flower, Comb-flower. Hirsute annual to perennial herb. Seeds ; diuretic, yield bland fixed oil (used for feeding poultry and stock). Growing plant ; antimalarial. Flowers ; yield a yellow dye. American Indians used oil of seeds to grease hairs. Boiled sunflower heads for pulmonary affections. Root used in combination with other roots for snakebites. Cultivated. Escaped.

253. Helianthus lenticztlaris. Hirsute herbaceous plant. Used medicinally by the Indians. California.

254. IIelianthus petiolaris Nutt. Hirsute herbaceous plant. Used medicinally by the Indians. California.

255. Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke, Earth- apple, Canada Potato. Hirsute herbaceous plant. Tubers; esculent (yield insulin and sugar). Diabetic disorders. (U. S. Disp.) Cultivated-escaped from cultivation.

256. Hemizonia Euzulaefolia DC. Tar-weed. Pubescent annual plant. Heavy-scented herb ; reported useful for urinary affections. Closely related to the Madias. Requires study. Cali- fornia.

257. Hieracium species L. Rough Hawkeweed, Hairy Hawk- . weed, Cat-ears. Hirsute herbs. Plant ; reported indefinitely employed as a tonic and mild astringent. Used to relieve toothache. Juice; to remove warts. Hemorrhagic diseases. In open prairies.

258. *Inula Heleniurn L. Elf Dock, Elfwort, Horse-heal, Horse- elder, Yellow Starwort, Velvet Dock, Wild Sunflower, Elecam- pane. Perennial herb. Root ; diuretic, expectorant, tonic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue. Exotic, Europe. I n fields, along roadsides. .

259. Lactuca scariola L. Prickly Lettuce, Wild Lettuce, Horse Thistle, Compass-plant. Leafy annual or biennial herb. Plant ; reported soporific, sedative, nervine (infantile diseases). (N. S. Disp.) Other species of Lactuca as Common Lettuce, L. sativa L. has dmilar properties. Shady localities. Cultivated.

260. Lygodesmia juncea Don. Lygodesmia. Herb. Plant poisonous. Requires study. California.

261. Mad& densiflora. Tar-weed. Pubescent herbaceous plant. Seeds; aromatic. Reputed useful in urinary affections. (Con- trib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: No. 3, 395.) Troublesome weeds. Common. Roadsides.

262. Madia dissitiflora T. and (3. Herbaceous plant. Species of . tar-weed possessing a heavy odor. Seeds; source of oil. Thera- peutic virtues possibly similar to above species. Troublesome weed. Abundant.

263. Madia elegans Don. Hirsute annual herb. This species of tar-weed was used medicinally by the early Spanish settler in urinary troubles. Worthy of study. Prairies, Willamette Valley, and- southward.

264. Madia sativa Molina. Heavy-scented herb. Stout annual pubescent herb. Source of madia oil. Properties similar to

above spccies. In dry ground, Willamette Valley, and southward.

265. jllalaoothrix ooultem' Gray. Malacothrix, Leptoseris. Her- baceous plant. Reputed poisonous. (Univ. of Calif. Coll. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep., p. 258, 1897-98.) Study required. California northward.

>

266. Natm'caria capensis. Pubescent biennial plant. A cultivated species of Chamomile. Properties similar to Natricarin '

Chamontilla L. Cultivated. 267. Batricaria Chamontilla IJ. German Chamomile, Wild

Camomile, Horse-Qowan, May-weed. Glabrous branched annual herb. Flowers; bitter tonic, diaphoretic. Cultivated.

268. Matricaria discoidea DC. Pineapple-weed, MansaniIIa, Chamomile. Low herbaceous plant. Herb; tonic, diaphoretic (domestic remedy). Reputed useful for intestinal complaints. (Calif. Qeol. Surv. Bot. 1:401.) (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb, 7: No. 3, 395.) Common. Roadsides and waste places.

269. Monolopia major DC. Monolopia. Herbaceous plant. Re- ported poisonous, Study required. (U. of C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep., p. 258, 1897-98.) California ranges.

270. Nabalus species. Rattlesnake-root, Canker-weed. Peren- nial leafy plants. ltoots; bitter tonic, dysentery. Reputed antidote for snake bite. Gravelly stream banks and moist mountain cliffs.

271. Partlcenium argelztatunt dray. Mexican Rubber Plant. Perennial herb. Plant; possesses a high percentage of latex. A resin used medicinally by Mexicans. ~ e d i c i n a l value doubtful. Study required. Exotic, Mexico. Cultivated, California. Many rubber yielding plants thrive in California (Milkweeds).

272. Parlhe?tiunt integrifoliztnt L. American Feverfew, Prairie Dock, Wild Quinine. Scabrous perennial herb. Plant ; bitter, diuretic, febrifuge. Infusion; quinine substitute in treatment of fever and aguc-used by Indians. Bxotic, Mexico. Dry hills, Soutl~ern California.

273. Pectis augustifolia Torr. Pectis. Strong-scented herb. Odor Icmon-lilre. Spccific nct,ion on salivary glands. (U. S. Weol. Surv. Wheeler's ltep. Dot. 3:608, and 6:4.6.) California northward.

274. Pectis papposa. Herbaceous plant. Silnilar to above species. May be worthy as source for extract (lemon-like). (U. 5. aeol. Surv. Wheeler's Rep. Bot. 6 :46.) California northward.

275. Perezia nticrocapltala dray, Perezia, Dumcrelia, Trixis. 1;lerbaceous plant. Possesses acid (vegetable-gold) ; purgative properties. Decoction of root; reported useful in asthma, gargle, and laxative. Along coast. Monterey to San Diego, California.

276. Perezh nana Bray ( P . adnata Bray). Herbaceous plant. Rhizome nnd roots; laxative. Properties similar to above species. (Proc. A. PIi. A. 32: 149-155,1884.) Along west coast.

277. Petasites palntata Gray. Coltsfoot. Herbaceous plant. Root ; antlielmintic. Flowers ; diaphoretic. Ash ; contains sodium chloride. Plant; used by Indians in treatment of grippe, eruptions and consumption. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : No. 3, 395.) Exotic. Moist bluffs.

278. Yeueeplcylktn~ Sclcottii Qray. Peucophyllum. Herbaceous plant. Balsamic plant; reputed useful in the treatment of bladder and kidney complaints. (Reported by 13. H. Barton in vicinity of Bishop, Calif.) California.

279. P2/retlcriait roseunc. Pereaniol 11crb. Flownrs; n ~ o F n 1 ns 011

j~~sec t powder. Cultivated species. 13xotic, Asia. Calilornin. 280. lludbeclcia Itirta TJ. Black-eyed Susan, Yellow or Urown

Dnisy, English Bull's-eye, Nigger Daisy. Hirsute annual to biennial herb. Plnnt ; reputed tonic. (Decoction-stimulating diuretic. N. S. Disp.) Fields and pine lands. Native of the eastern states. Sparingly introduced.

281. Saussurea .antericaaa ( D C . ) Bat. Saw-wort, Cashmere. Perennial leafy herb. Root ; pungent (probably-aphrodisiac) . Worthy of consideration. Alpine meadows. Abundant in Olympia mountains.

282. r9oorzo1lelln (Aficroseris) ntaxima Biot. Scorzonella, Com- pnss-plant. Herbaceous plant. Roots; used by Indians. Milky juice; produces gum wliicli 1ias been used in chewing gum, (Gontrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 :391.) Prairies-California.

283. #A'enecio nurezts L. T~ife-root Plant, Squaw-weed, aolden- rod, Qoldeu Ragmort, Cough-weed, Unculn, Fernnle 1Zegulator. Perennial herb. Dried plant; emollient, anodyne, mild stiniu- lant, diuretic (reputed ernmenagogue). American Indians

Contpositae 41

used plant for hemorrhnges, bruises and abortion. Urinary nlrcctions. Moist localities. C!alifornin northrvard.

284. Seitecio Ciweraria DC!. Ihsty-miller. Herbnceous peren- nittl pluit. Fresh juice; drops in eye reputed absorptive for treatment of cataracts. (N. 8. Disp.) ~ x o t i c and cultivated.

285. Xenecio vulgaris L. Qroundsel, Common Cfioundsel, Bag- wort, Birdseed, Chicken-weed, Fleawort. Low annual herb. Plant ; mildly astringent, vulnerary, discutient. Used by Indi- ans as counter-irritant. Worthy of consideration. Exotic. California northward.

286. Xilgbzun ncariawnt (L.) Cfaertn. Mariana, Erysimum, St. Mary's Blessed or Holy Thistle, California Mustard (locally). alabrous annual or biennial thistle-like herb. Seeds; pungent, antispasmodic. Plant; probably possesses antiscorbutic and Iithotrjptic properties, Bequires study. I n waste places; ad- ventive from Europe. ornamental.

287. 8olidago californica Nutt. Goldemrod, Pyramid Golden- rod. Herbaceous plant. Plant ; astringent, diuretic, diaphoretic. Decoction used for cleansing sores. (Proc. A. Ph. A, 28 :146,1880.) Open woodlands and waste places. Sandy soils. California.

288. flolidago odora Ait. Anise-scented Golden-rod, Sweet G'olden-rod, True Qolden-rod, Blue Mountain Tea. Glabrous pcrcnnial herb. Plant (leaves) ; astringent, mild cnrminntive, diuretic, diaphoretic. Substitute for tea. Colic relief. Dordor of thiclrets. Dry, sandy soil.

280. Soncltzcs oleraceus L. Sow Thistle, Annual or Common Sow-thistle, Hare's Lettuce, Hare's Thistle, St. Mary's-seed. Herbaceous plant. Leaves ; bitter. Inspissated juice ; powerful llydragogue cathartic. Reputed useful in the treatmenh of dropsy in combination with Belladonna and aromatics. Sup- posed to contain a narcotic. Used by California Chinese as an anti-opium remedy. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 24:141, 1876.) (Pac. Pharn~. 2:113, 1908.) A weed introduced from Europe. Common.

290. r9pila.ntkes olemcea L. Paracress, Creeping herb. Plant; pungent, used as adjuvant to pellitory in compound tincture "Paraguay roux." Pungent flavor in salads. Used in India

ns a toothache remedy. Native of India, tropics. Cultivated, Southern California. '

291. l'anacetunt huroneltse Nutt. Odorous herbaceous plant. A species of Tansy probably having similar properties to 1'. oulgare L, Requires study. On sand dunes, along the seacoast,

292. Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy, Bitter-buttons, Q-inger-plant, Parsley Fern, Scented Fern. Sturdy odorous perennial herb. Leaves and tops; stimulant, anthelmintic, vulnerary, emmenagogue (oil of tansy). Cultivated-and escaped from gardens.

293. *Taraxaounr Ta,raxaount (L.) Karst. Dnndelion, Blow-ball, Irish Daisy, Yellow aownn, Lion's-tooth, Pufl-ball. Perenninl herb. Root ; simple bitter, tonic, hepatio stiinulant, sialagogue, diuretic, aperient. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 47 :305-307, 1899.) A common weed, introduced from Europe,

294. *TussiZago Parfara L. Coltsfoot, Farfara, Coughwort, Ass- foot, Bull's-foot, Horse-foot, Colt-herb, Dummy-weed, British Tobacco. Low perennial herb. Plant and leaves; demulcent, alterative (useful in pulmonary affections, coughs and colds). Scrofula. (Am. Journ, Pharm. 340, 1887.) Cultivated. Es- caped from cultivation in some localities.

295. Wyethia helenioides Nutt. Wyethia. Perennial herbaoeona plant. A species of sun-flower. Root; aromatic, bitter. Domes- tic remedy in rural districts of California where i t is reported used for asthma, influenza and bronchial. ailments. Seeds of several species were used by Indians. Worthy of study. Moist valleys and woodlands.'

296. Wyethia Zongioaulis Qray. Sunflower. Perennial herbaceous plant, Dried powdered root; used in treatment of ulcers, sores and rheumatic diseases. 'Decoction of plant used by Indians as emetic, eye-wash, and to relieve headaches. Moist localities.

297. TVyethia ntollis Qray. Indian Wheat. Herbaceow plant. Seeds and roots; used by Indians as a food (KIamath Indi- ans reported to have used a poultice of the roots to relieve sprains and bruises). Abundant in the Sierras. Open woods.

298. Xanthium canadense Mill. American Coclrlebur, Sea Cocltlebur, Hedge-hog Bur-weed, Canadian Bur. Pubescent, spiny, annual herb. Plant; antiperiodic. Reported used me-

Conif erae A3

dicinally and in hair tonics. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25:158-162, 1877.) 'I'roublesome weed; waste places.

299. Xanthiunt spkosunt L. Thorny Cocklebur, Spiny Clot- bur, Thorny Clotweed or Burweed. Pubescent, spiny, annual herb. Leaves (whole plant) ; diuretic, sialagogue, diaphoretic, antiperiodic (reputed prophylactic against hydrophobia). In- termi ttent fever. Urinary disorders. Active styptic-local and general. (U. S, Disp.) Troublesome weed.

300. Xantltiunt struntariunt L. Spiny herbaceous plant. Com- mon or Broad Coclrlebur, Burweed, Button-bur,' Bur Thistle, Small or Lesser Burdock, Sea Burdock, Dike-bur, Sheep-bur. Plant; antisyphilitic, alterative. Seeds; yield a bland fixed oil. Generally properties similar to X. spinosum L. and allied species. Troublesome weed in fields.

301. Xanthium variafis Breene. Spiny annual herbaceous plant. An indigenous species of cockIebur probably having properties similar to above species. Study required. Sandy banks of the Columbia River. .

Conif erae 302. Abzes concolor Lindl. White Fir. Shrub to tree. Yields

balsam. Decoction of terminal branches; used as a diuretio and in the treatment of malaria. (Calif. Qeol. Sum. Bot. 2:118.) (U. 8. Disp.) Northern Oregon, Lower California. Common. throughout the Sierra Nevadas.

303. Agathis australis Salisb. Kauri Bum Pine, Australian or New Zealand Pine, Dammara. Shrub to tree. The gum (dammar resin) exudes from the roots (in New Zealand the old gum is dug out of the ground). Gum; highly prized in the arts-on distillation it yields a terpene oil. Alcoholic preparation of gum reported useful in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, eczema and other skin affections, forming an excellent substitute for collodion. (Proc. A. Ph. A,, 31:95, 1883.) Exotic. Cultivated, California.

304. Araucaria excelsa R. Br. Pine, Norfolk Island Pine. Large evergreen tree. Timber used for ship building, Turpen- tine obtained from several species.. Requires study. Exotic. Introduced, California.

305. Ckantaecyparis (Cupressus) Lawsoniana Parl. Lamon Cypress, Oregon Cedar, Ginger-Pine (Port Orford Cedar).

44 CorJif erae

Evergreen tree. Wood ; fragrant, reputed to possess antiseptic and other properties--said to be useful i11 pulmonary alleo- tions. Western slopes--coast ranges in southwestern Oregon, Coos Bay, Oregon, to Mad River, Humboldt Co., California.

306. Gingko biloba L. Gingko Tree, Maidenhair Tree.. Ever- green shrub to treb. Seeds; almond-like, esculent, yield a fixed

.oil. Exotio, Asia, 'Ornamental tree cultivated in California. 307. . Jzcltiprus califomios , Carr. California Juniper. Ever-

green shrub to tree. Fruit ; (diuretic) eaten by Indians. Other speoies and varieties similarly used. Requires study. Dry hillsides.. Coast ranges of California, Lake Tulare and Kern County. Desert slopes of northern Lower California mountains.

308. *Juniperus comnzunis L. Juniper Tree, Horse Savin. Bvergreen tree. Fruit ; diuretic, carminative, emmenagogue, source of oil of Juniper. Wood yields by distillation a volatile oil. Dry soil in woods. Mountain slopes.

309. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Western Juniper. Evergreen shrub to tree. Leaves; used as a remedy for malaria, kidney trouble, boils, headache, and coughs. Indians used the pitch to fasten the feathers to arrow shafts and rubbed i t into the shafts to make them stronger and more elastic. Indians ent the berries. (U. 8. Disp.) Mountain slopes (Canada), western Idaho and Washington. Southward through Cascade Mountains to San Bernardino 'Mountains, Southern Cali- fornia. ,

310. Juniperus phoem'cea L. Thus. Bvergreen shrub to tree. Yielded the Frankincense (Olibanum) of the ancients. Oliba- num was a t one time considered a valuable stimulant, now rarely used internally. Inhaling tho fumes of the burning incense reputed useful in bronchitirr and other pulmonary troubles. Used as a substitute for balsam of tolu and in rnalring unofficial plasters. Cultivated.

311. Juniperus Babi~ta TJ. Savin, Saving Tree, Cover-shame. Evergreen shrub to tree. Tops; irritant, anthelmintic, emmenagogue. Source of Oil of Savin. Cnltivated.

312. Jic~iiperzts sibim'ca Burgsd. Dwnrf Juniper. Reputed sirnilar to 6. com?nunis IJ. Evergreen shrub. No doubt this species of Juniper has therapeutic virtues similar to the above species.

Requires study. Common in mountains a t 900-1000 m. elevation. Alaska southward to higher altitude in the central Sierra Nevadaa,

313. *Jzcniperus virgiaiana L. Red Cedar, Carolina Cidar, Vir- ginian Cedar, Pencil Cedar, Red Savin, 'Red Juniper, Pen- cil-wood. Evergreen tree. Leaves and wood; anthelmintic, diuretic, in perfumery, adulterant for Juniperus Babina L. Volatile oil in bacterial work; Cultivated.

314. Laris occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch or Tamarack. Tree. Exudate-from wounds in trunk. Eaten by Indians. Requires study. Mountain slopes British Columbia southward to the Blue Mountains and Cascade Mountains. Eastern slope south of Squaw creek, Oregon.

315. Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Post Cedar, White, Bastard or Incense Cedar. avergreen shrub to tree. Resin; very fragrant. Volatile 'oil (found in all parts of the tree) ; has the odor of incense. Leafy sprigs; used by Indiana in preparing their acorn meal. A decoction of- the leaves used in stomach troubles. In mountains, Clackamas County, Oregon, southward to Lower California. Santiam River, southward through the Onscade Mountains, Sierra Nevadas to Lower California. Sac- ramento Kiver region.

316. Pinus contorta nturrayana Bulf. Murray's Pine. Ever- green tree. Wood; used by Indians in making tent poles. Requires study. Gravelly soil and peat bogs.

31.7. Pinzis lantbertiatta Dougl. Breat Sugar-pine, Sugar Pine, aiant Pine, Shalre Pine, Lambert's Pine. Large evergreen tree. Tree ; yields a saccharine exudat+--nathartc Resin ; powder for sores and ulcers. Indians used pine pitch to repair

'canoes and fasten arrow-heads and feathers. I n mountains a t 400-1000 m, elevation, Clackamas County, Oregon (Santiam River region) and southward to Lower California.

318. Pinus ~~tonopltylla Torr. Nevada Nut Pine, Piiion Vine, Soft-shelled Pinyon Pine, Piiion Pine. Evergreen shrub to tree. seed^; rich in resin-formerly used as food by Indians. (Calif. aeog. Snrv. Bot. 2: 124.) ~ e ~ u i r e s study. Dry, gravelly mountain slopes (eastern, northern and lower California).

310, Piazcs panderosa Dougl. Western Yellow Pine, Western Pitch Pine, Bull Pine, Long-leaved Pine (of the West), Red

Pine (western). Lnrge evergreen trce. a u l n n ~ y exuilation ; ndhesive (in manufacture of tents and cnnoes). Mnsticntory- reputed to be of use medicinally. Requires study. (Contrib. U. S. Nnt. Herb. 7 : (NO. 111), 307.) Qrnvclly prniries, l'icrcc Count,y, Washington, and soutliwnrd. Abimdnnt inland, rnre on const.

320. Pinus sabiiriann Uougl. Gray-leaf Pine, Digger Pine, Nut Pine. Evergreen shrub to tree. Seeds; rich in fa t ancl pro- teids. Yellow pitch; protective and counter-irritnnt. Bark; infusion reputed useful in consumption. Twigs and leaves; reported nseful in rheumntisni, (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (111) 307.) Footilills of Central Californin. Sacramento Vdley, 1~0s Angeles County. I J O C ~ ~ Z ~ ~ near Sali Juan, Cali- fornia.

321. 'Pinzcs Strohs 11. White Pine, American White Pine, American Deal Pine, Northern Pine, Sprnce Pine, Weymouth Pine. Evergreen tree. Dried inner bark; astringent, expectorant. Forest regions. Cultivatecl.

322. Pinus sylvestris JJ. Scotch Pine, 1 .M Pine, Baltic or Nor- way Pine, Scotch Fir. ,Evergreen tree. Resinous exudate; source of Russian and aerlnan oil of turpentinc. I~enves; yield oil. Exotic. Cultivated.

323. Pinus l'orreyana Parry. Torrey Pine. Xvergrcen tree. Uses similar to the above species. Requires study. Enstcrn end of S a n t ~ Rosa Island, Southern California, and San Diego County, California. R,are.

324. Pse~cdopszcga taxifolia Brit. Douglas Spruce, Douglas Fir, Yellow or lZed Fir, Oregon Pine. Xvergreen'tree. A beverage prepared from the lenves; used ns a substitute for coffee. De- coction of the spring buds; used in the treatment of venereal clisenses. Leaves; used by Indians in swent bath to cure rheumatism. Abundant in western Wasliington and Oregon (mouth of the Columbia River).

325. Taxzcs baccata L. Yew Tree, Yew, Cliinwoocl, alobe-berry, Wire Thorn. Shrub to tree. J~eaves, fruit (or seeds) ; reported poisonous, emmenagogue. Cultivated.

326. Ta.xw brevifolia Nutt. Western Yew, Oregon Yew, Pacific Pew. Tree. Seeds; poisonous. Ited bcrrics; edible. Study required. (Contrib. U. S. Nut. Herb. 7 : 306.) Common along

mountain streams. Extreme southern Alaska to T u l ~ r e County, Californin, cnstwnrd to Blue and Bitter-root Moantnins.

327. + T h f ~ j a occidedalis L. Arbor Vitae, White Cedar, North- ~ 1 . 1 1 W11it:c Cetlnr, lWsc WIiitc Cedar, IBvcrgreen Tree. Dried leafy young twigs; tonic, stimulant, diuretic, -counter-irritant, antiseptic, etnmenagogue, refrigerant. American Indian? used the bark of the tree. Tn deep, moist, coniferous wood8 (dense maritime forests of Oregon).

328. Torreya californica Greenc. California Nutmeg. Bush to shrub. Seeds; pungent, astringent (used as an adulterant of true nutrneg-eaten by Indians). (Contrib. U. 8. NaE. Herb. 7: 305.) (Journ. Am. Cllem. Soc. 17: 935-941, 1895.) Moist shady slopes along watcrwnys; western slope of Sierra Ne- vndas (Tulnre to Thama Counties, Calif.). Coast ranges.

329. l'suga illertensiana (Bong.) Sarg. Western Hemlock, Mountain or Ulaclr I-Iemloclr, Patton's Spruce. Tree. Bark; astringent-supplies most of the tan-bark of the Northwest. Common in mountains a t about the tree limit. Southward to California (Olympic and Cascade Mountains and Sierra Ne- vadns to King Ltiver, Calif.). Sitlra.

330. Asparagas oficinalis L. Asparngus, Sparrow-grass, Sper- agc, I.'addock-clieesc. Perennial lierb. lthizomes and roots; djtiretic, In.xnlive, carclinc sti~riulnnt (depressant). Cultivated in low Inntls. 12scnped from cultivation. Sub-saline or allraline soils.

331. "Colchicwt azcti~mlzale TJ. Colchicum, Meadow Saffron, Autumn Crocus, 3lIeadow Crocus. Perennial herb. Corms (tubers) ; diuretic, rheumatic, laxative, alterative. Seeds; irritant, evaeumt. Meadows and pastures. Exotic. Cultivated.

332. "Cottvallaria majulis L. Lily of the Valley, May or Park Lily, Wood Lily, May-blossom. Low perennial herb. Rhizomes and roots; cardiac stimulant, diuretic, Properties similar to Iligitalis. Blowers and leaves; also have physiological action. Mountainous regions. Cultivated.

333. Polygo~talunt lrifiorunt (Walt.) Ell. Solomon 's Seal, Hairy Solomon's Real, Sealwort, Dwarf Solomon's Seal. Perennial lierb. ltliizomes; tonic, mild astringent, vulnerary, diuretic,

emetic (recommencled in gout or rl~eamntism), Formerly cos- metic. Cultivated.

334. Polygonatzcnt contntutatutn (R. and 8.) Dietr. Great Solo- mon's Seal, Giant or Smooth Solomon's Seal. Perennial herb. Rhizomes (American variety of Solo~non's Seal) ; reputed to have properties similar to Convallaria nmjalis L. ( N . 5. Disp.) Cultivated.

335. Polygonatz~nt ntztltiflomnt Bll. Many-flowered Solomon's Seal, David's Harp, Jacob's Ladder, Drop-berry, Whitewort. Herb. Flowers nnd berries ; reputed poisonous. Rhizomes ; formerly used in slriri affections. (U. S. Disp.) Common plant along streams in woods.

336. Smilacim anzplexicawlis Nutt. False sol om on'^ Seal, West- ern Solomon's Seal. Herb. Itequires study. (U. S. Disp.) On rich wooded slopes, British Columbia to San Uernardina Mts., California.

337. Smilacina rncetnosa (L.) DesE. (Vagnera racemom (h.) Morong.) False Solomon's Seal, Wild Spikenard, False Spilten- ard, Small or Zigzag Solomon's Settl. Perennial herb. Ilhi- zomes; reputed to liavc similar properties Lo L'o~ivallaria ma- jnlis TJ. ( N . 8. llisp.) Moist bnnlrs. Cultivntcd.

338. *!i'rillite?)c erectzt?n JJ. Birth-root, 13eCl1-root, around J~ily, Indian Shamrock, Wnlre-robin. Perennial herb. Itliizomes ; astringent, uterine antispasmodic, emetic, alterative. Wood- lands. Cultivated.

380. Z'm'lbizm sessile gignntewn IToolr, and Arn. ainnt Walre- robin or 'llriIlium, Red Wake-robin. Perennial herb. Tubcrous roots and rhizomes; reputed soporiAc, uterine stirnulant. These roots and pungent roots of other species of l'rilliunt. used by Indians as emetic and for female disorders. (Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 7 : 329.) Moist wooded slopes Western Washington soutl~ward to San I ~ u i s Obispo and Mariposa Counties, Cali- fornia. Point Reyes, Calif. " Redwoocls. "

Convolvulaceae 340. Convolvulzis arvensis L. Small Bind-weed, Hear-bind,

Hedge-bells, Bell-vind, Corn-lily, Corn-blind, Sheepblue. Trailing vine. Plant root; probably silnilar to 0. Xcan~wtoniunt L., Inxative, cal~hnrtic (hydrngogue). Requires study. A troublesome weed, native of IGurope.

Cornaceas 49

343.. Bzogoniunt pwga Benth. (Ipomoea jalapa Nutt.) . Jalap. Tuberous roots; purgative, hydragogue, cathartic. Cultivated.

342. I p o e i a species. Requires study. 348. Ipontoeia hederacea Jacq. Blue Morning-glory, Ivy-leaved

Morning-glory. Slender twining annual. sheds (roasted) ; purgative. Arabian physicians recommended seeds for a safe and active cathartic. Similar to Jalap. Exotic, Japan. Cul- tivated ornamental plant. Waste ancl cultivated ground.

344. Iponweiu nzavitintu. Herbaceous twining plant. A species of Morning-glory reported to be useful in the treatment of enlarged joints of scrofulous patients, (Sclineider.) Culti- vated. California. Dry soil.

345. Ipozomoaia pnndwnta I;. Wild Potato Vine, Morning-glory, Man-of-the-earth, Man-root, Wild Jalap, Wild Potato, Wild Sweet-potato, Scammony-root. Trailing to climbing perennial vine. Tubers, roots (leaves) ; diuretic, feebly cathartic (purgative). (Rusby.) Used by American Indians arr food. Culti- vated. Dry grounds.

346. Ipontoek tuberosa. Scammony. Herbaceous twining plant. ltliizotrics and roots; possess laxative properties. Moist locali- tics, Crtlifornin,

Cornaceae 347. "Cornus Jlorida L. Dogwood, Flowering Dogwood, Vir-

ginia or Floricln Dogwood, I3oxwood. Smnll tree. Dried barlr and root-bark; bitter, tonic, stomacliic, febrifuge, stimulant, astringent. Antiperiodic in intermittent fevers-American In- dians used bark for fever colds. Introduced. Cultivated in California. Rich woodlands. Ornamental.

348. Comtzu pubescens Nutt. Red Willow. Shrub, Properties nncertain. Requires study. Moist woodlands. California.

349, Barrya elliptica Dougl. Silk Tassel Tree. Evergreen shrub. Leaves (barlr) ; reported used as tonic in malarial fevers. (U. of Calif. Agr. IBxp, Sta. Rep., 1895-96, 1896-97.) South bank of Columbia River, near mouth. (Douglas.) Rogue River southward to California.

360. Qarrga frewcontii Torr. California Fever Bush, Slcunlc 13ush. Bvergreen, shrnb. Leaves; tonic, cholagogue, antiperiodic (similar to quinine). (D. W. 110~8, Am. Journ. Pharm,, 1877.) California.

Crassulaceae 351. Cotyledon californiczcnt Trelease. Hen-and-chiclrens, Navel-

wort. Succulent herb. Leaves; mucilnginous, vulnerary, di- nretio. Used by lndians in form of poultice. Waste places. Roclry moist localities.

852. Cotyledon edulis. Succulent herb. Yonng lenves; used by Indians as food. Properties, no doubt, similnr to C. californi- cunt Trelease. Requires study. Wastc places.

353. Cotyledon lanceolata. Succulent herb. Young leaves ; used by Indians as food. Properties, no doubt, similar to C. cnlifornicum Trelease. Requires study. Waste places.

354. Cotyledon pzrlverutenta. Succulent herb. Yonng leaves; used by Indinns as food. Properties no doubt similar to C. calijor~tic~cnt Trelensc. Requires study. Waste places.

Cruciferae 355. Alliaria ofickalis JJ. Hedge Mustard, IIedgc Garlic, Gnr-

lic Mustnrd, Uarlicwort, Englisli 'I1rencle, Pool.-lnan's-~~~i~starcl, J~eelr Crcss. Herbaoems plnnt. I-Jerb and weds; diuretic, tli- nphoretic, expectorant (externnily for gttngrenous nffections, healing of cuts, bruises and ulcers). Plant ; antiscorbutic. A weed, in waste places. Uxotic, Europe.

356. Alyssuns cabycinunt L. Herbaceous plant. Properties uncertain-probably similar to A. ntavilimuna L. Requires study. Cultivated.

357. Alysszcm ntaritintzm L. Smeet Alyssum. Fragrant herbaceous plant. Used in sachet powders. Old-time ~nedicinal herb, once used to relieve rabies, Iliccough. Sparingly naturalized, frequently cultivnted. Ornamental. California.

358. Arabis lyrata occidentalis Wats. Rock-cress, Wall-cress, Allied species to A. lyrnta L. Herb. Plant; as in otl~er species, probably pungent, antiscorbutic properties. Study necesmry. Allied species : A. brewed Wats. ; A . virginica Trelease ; A. glabra Bernh.; A. blepl~arophylla 11. and A. Herbaceous plants. Noolrsnclr River, Wliatcom County, Wnslhgton. (Suksdorf.) On roclry bluffs and in grnvelly mountainous soils.

359. Barba.rea Barbarea 13~~ac l~ jcavpa (Rouy and Foucaucl) Piper. 11. comb. Herbaceous plnnt, Species of Winter-cress,

Crucif erae 51

probably having properties similar to B. vulgaris R. Br. In- troduced, wet places. Washington.

360, Ilarbarea vzdgaris R. Br. Winter-cress, Land-cress, Bitter or Iloclret Cree, French or Normany Ciess, St. Barbara's Crcss, Yellow ltocket, Winter Rocket, 1-Iedg.e Mustard. Peren- nial lierb. Plant ; antiscorbutic (anthelmintio, stomachic l ) . I>amp localities.

361. *llrassica aJba Boiss. (Sinap's alba L.). Yellow or White Mustard, Charloclr, Redloclr. Pungent annual herb. Seeds; stimulant, irritant, carminative, condiment. Exotic. Culti- vated.

362. Brawica arvensis (L.) Runtze. Wild mustard, Field Mus- tard, Corn Mustard, Bastard Iloclret, Charlock, Chadloclr. 1,'ungent annual herb. Seeds; irritant, emetic, counter-irritant, condiment, revulsive (adulterant of black mustard). A weed in waste ground.

3G3. Brassica ca.ntpest~is ,L. Turnip, Rutabaga, Wild or Com- mon Navew, Wild Navette, Nape, Bargeman's Cabbage, Sum- mer nape. Herbaceous plant. Tuberous roots (seeds) ; esculent, antiscorbutic. Cultivated, A weed in fields.

364. *Brassica jzmcea (L.) Cosson. Chinese Mustard, Russian Mustard, Indian Mustard. Pungent annual herb. Seeds; properties similar to U. nigra (L.) Koch. Exotic, Asia. A weed in Aelds.

365. *Urassica ni!lrcc (11 . ) 1Foch. (Sinapis nigra Kocli.) . Black Afustard, 13rown Mustard, Red Afustard, Kerloclr. Pungent nnnunl herb. 1)ricd ripe sced; rubifacient, vesicant, flavoring agent, revulsive, emetic, stimulant, tonic, condiment. I n waste places and along roadsides.

366. Bztrsa Bzcrsa-Pastoris (IJ.) Weber (Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Moench.) . Shepherd's-purse, Blind-weed, Case-weed, Lady's- purse, Mother's-heart, Pepper-and-shot, Pick-pocket, Pick- purse, Witches'-pouches. Herbaceous plant. Herb ; astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue. A common weed.

367. Calcile americalta Nutt. Sea Rocket. Herbaceous plant. Properties uncertain. Requires study. Along seacoast.

368. C'amelina sativa (11.) Crantz. (Told-of-pleasure, Wild or False Flax, 1)utch FIax, Camline, Madwort. Annual herba-

ceous plant. Seeds; source of Glerman Sesame oil. Sparingly introduced from Europe. Newly planted fields.

369. Capsella procumbeizs Fries. Herbaceous plant. Properties probably similar' to B w s a Bursa-Pastoris (L.) Weber. IEe- quires study. Weed-waste places.

370. Cardanhe oligosper~~ta Nutt. Bitter-cress. Herbaceous plant. Reputed antiscorbutic, deobstruent. Study required. Common in moist upland soil in green woods.

371. Cocklearia ojDicinalis L. Scurvy-grass, Scurvy-weed, Spoon- wort. Herbaceous plant. Fresh herb ; antiscorbutic. Along the seacoast, Alaska to Oregon.

372. Coro~topzcs coro~toprs (L.) Karst. Sow-grass, Wild Scurvy- grass, Buck khorn, Swine's Cress, Wart Crees. Herb. Plant ; antiscorbutic. Native of Europe, introduced with ballast.

373. Iiesperis nlatro?talis L. Dame's Roclret, Dame's Violet, Unrden Rocket, Sweet Rocket, Summer Lilac, Rocirset. Herb. Plant; reputed diuretic. A common garden plant, occasionally found escaped from cultivation.

374. lberis aviara IJ. Bitter Candy-tuft. IrTer1)aceous plnnt. lEeputed used medicinally in the treatment of cardiac diseases, broncliitis, asthma, gout and rl~eumatisin. Bxotic plant. Introduced.

375. Isatis tinctoria Ti. Dyer's Woad, Ash-of-Jerusalem, Dyer's Weed. Herbaceous plant. I~eaves; source of indigo dye. Used medicinally in the treatment of jaundice, scurvy and other ailments. (U. S. Disp.) Escaped from cultivation. California.

376. Lepidizan ntedizcnt Breene. Pepper-grass, Tall Pepper- grass. EIerbaceous plant. Herb; pungent, antiscorbutic, irritant. Medicinal virtues doubtful. Indians used lierb for trentment of poieon ivy. Sandy soil. Common in the interior, o d y occasionally west of the Cascade Mountains.

377. Lepidiuw &?l?cnt Nutt. Common Pepper-grass. Herba- ceous plant. Probably having similar properties to above species. Waste places.

378. Nasturtizcm ozrrvisiliqzca Nutt. Western Yellow Cress. Herbaceous plant. Fresh plant; antiscorbutic. Properties doubtful. Wet meadows. Escaped from cultivation.

379. Nasturtitcnt ofloinale R. Br. Water Cress. Perennial herb. Fresh plant ; antiscorbutic. Properties doubtful. Wet meadows. Escaped from cultivation.

380. Nasturtium palustris DC. Marsh Cress, Mush Yellow Cress. Annual herb. Fresh plant ; antiscorbutic. Properties doubtful. Wet localities and shallow water.

381. Raphams raphanistrttnt L. Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock, White Charlock, Curloclr, Warlock, Kraut-weed. Pungent herb. Seeds; pungent, resembling mustard. A weed in fields and waste places.

882. Raphaws sativus L. Radish, Common or Garden Radish. Pungent herb. Root; antiscorbutic, esculent. Pods of some varieties used as salad. Persisting in cultivated ground.

383. Roripa Armoracia (L.) Hitchcock. Horse-radish. Pungent herb. Fresh root; pungent, diuretic, condiment. Exotic and cultivated.

384. Sissynzbriznn oflcittale L. Hedge Mustard, Bank Cress, California Mwtard (locally), scrambling Rocket, Pungent herb. Plant ; antiscorbutic, lithotriptic. Seeds ; pungent. A weed in waste places. Exotiu, Europe.

386. S i ~ s y n z b ~ u m p h a t u n t Greene. Tansy Mustard, Palmita. Pungent herb. Plant ; antiscorbutic. Seeds ; pungent. Indians .used seeds as food in form of mush. Waste places, ballasts. Califomin.

886. !llhysa?tocnrpzu elegnns I". and M . Lace-pod. Herbaceous plant. Scccls; esculent. 1)ecoction of leaf given to relieve colic. (Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 7: 352.) b r y open ground.

Cucurbitaceae 387. *Bryonia abba L. Bryony, White Bryony, Devil's Turnip,

Tettcr-berry, White-vine, Wood-vine, Wild-vine. Perennial climbing vine, Root; hydragogue, cathartic (used in dropsy, dyspepsia, rheumatism, constipation). Bxotic. Introduced in gardens.

888. "Bryonia dioica L. Red Bryony, Common Bryony, Cow- bind, Cow's-lick, Palse Mandrake, Hedge Grape, Snake-berry, Wild Hop. Perennial climbing vine. R,oot; hydragogue, cathartic, rubefacient, irritant, alterative. Exotic. Cultivated.

380. Gi t rd l t~s Ci l r t t l l~~s (L . ) Smnll. Watermelon. Pubescent annual running vine. Seeds (fruit) ; diuretic, emollient. Root ; reputed to be purgative, emetic. (U. 5. Disp.) Cultivated.

390. "Citrullus colocy~ttliis (L . ) Schrad. Colocynth, Bitter Ap- ple, Bitter Gourd, Bitter Cucumber. Annual trailing vine.

Dried pulp of frui t ; bitter, cholagogue, cathartic, hydragogue, purgative. Exotic, Mexico. Cultivated,

391. Citczcrbita foetidissinta HBII. Missouri Gourd, Wild Pump- kin, Gourd. Scabrous trailing herbaceous plants. Leaves and roots ; used for washing. heaves vnlued medicinally. P ~ d p ; of green frui t is mixed with soap and applied to sores and ulcers. Seeds; are ground and eaten. California. Dry sandy soil.

392. *Cuctcrbita Pepo L, Pumpltin, Pompion, Field or Yellow Pumpkin. Hirsute annual running herb. Dried ripe seed ; nutrient, taenicide, diuretic, emollient (infusion reputed useful in irritative urinary disorders). Cultivated.

393. Cucurbita peremis Gray. Chili Cojote, Mock Orange. Herbaceous vine. areen frui t pulp; used as substitute for soap. Macerated root used as a remedy for piles. Seeds; eaten by the Indians. 1Zoots ; cruslled by the Coahuila Indians, mixed with sugar and applied to the sacldle sores of horses. Used by Mexicans in tannings. (Barrows.) (U. S. Qeog. Surv., Wheel- er's Rep. Bot. 6 : 44.) (Calif. aeol. Surv. Bot. 1: 239.) Cali- fornia.

894. *Ecballiunt Elateriunt (IJ.) A. Rich. Elaterium, Squirting Cucumber, Wild Unlsam-apple. Pubescent percnninl t r ~ d i n g vine. Fru i t juice ; purgative, hydragogue. Exotic. Cultivnted.

395. Echinocystis fabacea Naucl. Wild Cucumber. Big-root. Annual climbing or trailing vine. Root; contains starch and acrid principle with purgative properties resembling Jalap. Common in sandy soil. California.

396. Echinocystis marnh Cogn. Bitter-root, Man-root, Chili Coy- ote, Chili Cajote. I-Ierbaceous vine. Tuberous roots; starch (acrid poison), with drastic purgntive properties. Glosely related to above species. Study required. Sandy soil. California.

397. Luffs aegyptica. Towel Qourd, Rag Qourd, Luffa, Vege- table Sponge. Vine. Pulp and fibers of fruits; substitute for bath sponge. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 32: 180, 1884.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25: 200, 1877.) (Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort., 948.) (Cornell Exp. Sta. Bal., 67.) Cultivated by Chinese gardeners. Lorn lands, Sacramento Valley. Ornnmentnl.

898. Lufa echkata. Vine. Plnnt; contains an acrid substance resembling Colocynth in action (I~ydmgogue, cathartic, di-

Dipsacaceae 55

nrctic, bitler), Fru i t ; reputed used medicinally in tlie Orient. I3xotic. Cultivated. Ornamental.

391). Aiomordica balsa,m'na L. Balsam-apple, Balsam-vine, Bal- samina. Slender climbing glabrous annual herb. Plant ; poisonous, Fru i t ; edible, with laxative propehies. Eoot and frui t ; cathartic, emetic. Seeds; vulnerary. Cultivated. Cali- fornia.

400. S e c l h m edule Sw. Choco, Chayote, Vegetable Pear. An- nual trailing and climbing vine. Fru i t and seeds; edible. Starch. Central American plant. Worthy of study. California. Cultivated.

Cycadaceae 401.. Zatrtia i?ttegrifolia Chapm. Florida Arrow-root, Coontee,

Comptie, Wild Xago, Cooutie-root. Herbaceous plant with palm-like foliage. Tuber-like caudex ; nutrient. Rich in starch. Cultivated experimentally, California.

Datistaceae 402. Dntisca glonte'ratcc Hoolc. Datisca, Durango-root. Bush to

shrub. Leaves and roots; bitter tonic. Used by Indians to stupefy fill. lzequires study. California.

Diatomaceae 403. * ( D i a t o n ~ s ) . Purified Siliceous Earth, I<ieselguhr, Infus-

orial Nartli. Unicellular plants. Frustules and fragments; excipient, filtering media, packing media, diluent. In fresh and salt waters. Seashores and moist localities. Bend, Ore- gon.

Dioscoreaceae 404. *Dioscorea villosa L. Wild Yam, Yam Root, Colic Root,

llheumatism Root. Perennial herbaceous plant with climbing stems. Dried rhizome; diaphoretic, uterine tonic, expectorant, rheumatic, antispaslnodio, intestinal stimulant, emetic. Cul- tivated,

Dipsacaceae 405. Dipsacus sylveslris Huds. Teasel, Wild ?'easel, Common

Ternel, Card Thistle, Indiau Thistle. Priclrly coarse biennial

56 Equisetaceae

plant. Root; diuretic, diaplioretic, bitter, stomaclh. Exotic. Sparingly introduced. Willaxnette Valley. Itoadsides.

Droseraceae 406. "Drosera Zongifolia 11. Long-lenved Sundew. Small herb.

Similar properties to 1). rotultrlifolia L. Bortnerly used in the form of poultices applied to warts, corns and bunions. Used in Italy to make the "rossoli" liquor. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 225-227, 1879.) Common in sphagnum bogs and sandy moist soil.

407. *Drosera rotu~tdifolia L. Sundew, Common Sundew, Round-leaved Sundew, Lustwort, Red-rot, Moor-grass, Moor- wort, Youthwort. Small herb. Flowering plant ; diuretic, expectorant, irritant, digestant, antispasmodic. Comtnon in sphagnum bogs and sandy moist soils.

408. Bheplterdia Argedea Glreene. Buffalo-berry, Rabbit-berry, Beef-suet Tree, Bull-berry, Wild Olive-tree. Thorny sl~rub. F ru i t ; acidulous (made into jelly). (Am. Journ. l'l~arm., Jlec., 1888.) Requires study, Dry soil and climate. Nntivo ornamental, California.

Empetraceae 409. Entpelrzmt ?tigrunt IJ. Black Crow-berry, Heath-berry,

Black-berried Heath, Monox I-lcather, Crow-pea. Procumbent evergreen shrub. Berries; edible, used for dyeing. Requires study. Mount Rainier (Piper), to Vancouver Island, B. C.

Equisetaceae 410. Equisetuttt arvense Ij. Field Horse-tail, Bottlc-brush, Gat's-

tail, Horse-pipe, Scouring-rush. Perennial. Plant ; astringent, stimulant, diuretic. Reported poisonous. Common in low ground, thickets, open sandy banks, rarely in sliade.

411. Eqwisetunt hyentale 11. Common Scouring-rush, Dutch Rush, Horse-pipe, Pewterwort, Polishing Rush, Rough Horse- tail. Perennial. Plant ; reputed useful in .kidney affections, diuretic. (Am. Journ. Pliarm. 419, 1886,) (Proc. A. Ph, A. 35: 104, 1887.) Common, Moist and sandy localities. Cali. fornin and northward.

412. Eqzrisetum vnriegatzmt Schl. Northern Scouring-rush. Per- ennial. Plant; reported used by Indians and settlers as stim- lating diuretic in kidney and dropsical disorders. Requires study. Wet meadows, bogs and alluvial thickets. Alaska southward to Oregon. >

Ericaceae

413. Andronceda ncariana L. Wild Rosemary, Heathwort, Stag- ger-bush. Shrub. Plant ; reputed poisonous (lambs and calves). Several species have been used as a wash for ulcers and abscesses. Requires study. California northward.

414. Arb~ctzts menziesii Pursh. California Madroiio, Madroiia, I~aurel-wood. Tree. Properties similar to A. Unedo L. Root, bark, leaves; astringent (infusion used by Indians for treatment of colds). (Contrib. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. 111) 374.) British Columbia to California. Bluffs along lakes or seashores.

415, Arctostapltylos , glazcca Lind. Great-berried Manzanita. Prostrate shrub. Leaves ; astringent, diuretic. Native of Cali- fornia. Cultivated.

41.6. firctostnpk?j~os ntaltznnita Parry. Mnnzanita. Prostrate d ~ r u b . Modicilinl properties similar to A. g h c n I~ind. In- dians used ripe fruit as food. Juice of plant; applied to sores and ulcers. Requires study. California northward.

417. drctostapI~ylos bonte~ztosa Dougl. Madroiio, Madroiia. Pros- trate shrub. Properties similar to A. manzanita Parry. Re- quires study. Gravelly soil. British Columbia to California.

418. *Arctostapltijlos Uva ursi ( I t . ) Spreng. Bear-berry, Bear's Grape, Uva 'Ilrsi, Universe-vine, Mountain Cranberry, Crow- berry, Kinnilrinnic, Mountain Box. Evergreen low shrub. Leaves; astringent, diuretic. Various species of Vacoinum, l~uclrleberry have been used for Uva Ursi. Study required. Gravelly or sandy soil. Common in open woods. Cultivated.

419. *Chimaphila zcmbellata (L.) Barton (C . corymbosa Pursh). Pipsissewa, Prince's-pine, Bitter Wintergreen, Bitter-sweet, around Holly, King's-cure, Love-in-winter. Low semi-perennial herb. Leaves; tonic, astringent, diuretic. Common in deep, dly coniferous woods.

420. Chimaphila ntaculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen, Spotted Pipsissewa, Dragon's-tongue, Rats-bane, Rheumatism- root, Wild Arsenic. Low semi-herbaceous plnnt. Medicinal proporties uame as C'. coryntliosa Pursl~. Jn woods.

421. Chintapltila. menxicssi Spreng. l'ipsi~sewa, . Prince's-pine. Low semi-herb. Leaves; tonic, astringent (remedy for &a- ract). I n deep, coniferous woods, especially in the mountains.

422. Cfaultheria myrsiicites Hook, Wintergreen. Bush. Fruit ; deliaioue. Medicinal properties, no doubt, similar to U. pro- cumbens L. Requires study. California.

423. *Gadtheria procuncbens L. Wintergreen, Creeping Winter- green, Spicy Wintergreen, Spice-berry, Deer-berry, Ground- berry, Grouse-berry, Canadian Tea, Mountnin Tea, Tea-berry. Low, procumbent evergreen shrub. Lenves; astringent, aro- mntic (source of Oil of Wintergreen). Cultivnted. Moist lo- cnli ties.

424. Gaultkerict Sha.Zloi~. Pursh. Shallon, Salnl. Shrub. Fruit ; delicious. Medicinal properties, no doubt, similar to U , pro- cuntbens L. ( U . S, Disp.) (Calif. aeol. Surv. Bot. 1: 455.) In Douglas spruce forests. Mouth of Columbia River.

425. Iiypopitgs l~ypopitys (L.) Small. False, Beech Drops, Pine-sap, Bird's-nest, Fir-rape. Herbaceous (colorless) pubescent plant; bitter, diuretic, nauseant (possesses metliyl-salicy- late). Common in coniferous woods, footliills of mountains.

426. R d n ~ i a angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel, Calf-kill, Lamb-kill, Narrow-leaved Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheep-poisou. Ever- green dwarf bush. Properties of H. latifolicc L. Moist locnlities.

427. Xalmia glauca Ait. (Ilalnzia polifolia Wang.). Swamp Laurel, Pale.,liaurel. Prooumbent evergreen bush. Properties reputed similar to Iialrnia latifolia D. In sphagnum bogs.

428. Iialntia latifolia L. Mountain Laurel, Calico-bush, Broad- leaved Laurel, Spoonwood, American Laurel, Spurge, Z~aurel, Ivy-bush, Rose Laurel, Wiclry. 13vergreen shrub. Leaves ; sedative, narcotic, astringent, errhine, alterative (fruit-poisonous) (diarrhoea, syphilis-externally skin diseases). Moist woodlands and sphngnum bogs.

429. Ledzon gZa~?tdidoszmt Nutt. Lnbrnclor Tea. Evergreen shrub. Plant (leaves) ; parasecticide (flea exterminator). Re- sembles L. palustre L. Moist localities.

Ericaceae ' 5 9

430. Leduitt groenlandiozcnt Oeder. (L;. Ialifolium Ait.). Labra- dor Tea, Continental Tea, James' Tea. Low evergreen shrub. Leaves ; expectorant, tonic (applied to insect-stings). Formerly a substitute for Chinese tea. Common in sphagnum bogs, thickets and slopes.

1

431. Ledt~m palustre L. Wild Rosemary, Marsh Rosemary, Marsh Tea, Swamp Tea, Narrow-leaved Labrador Tea. Low evergreen shrub. Leaves and twigs; narcotic, sedative, insecticide, diaphoretic, balsamia, aromatic, bitter. I n Qermany substitute for hops in beer. (Proo. A. Ph. A. 26: 221, 1878.) Northern marshes.

432. Leucothoe catesbaei dray. Dog Laurel, Leucothoe, Fetter Bush, Branch Ivy. Bush to shrub. Reported poisonous. Study required. Moist banks of rivers, mountains.

483. Oxycoccus oxycoccus internzedius (Gray) Piper. European or Small Cranberry, Crane's-berry, Marsh Cranberry, Marsh- berry, Bog-berry. Trailing to creeping woody vine. Fruit ; acidulous, refrigerant, esculent. Common in sphagnum bogs.

434. Pieris nbariana .(L.) Benth. and Hook. Stagger-bush, Wicke, Sorrel Tree. Shrub. Plant ; poisonous. Requires study. Wet marshes and along streams.

435. Rhododendron californicum Hook. California Rose Bay. Shrub. Leaves and roots; have diuretic and narcotic properties (honey from the flowers said to be poisonous). Requires study. I n open woods, British Columbia to California.

436. Bhododendrolz wtaximunt L. Great Laurel, Rose-bay, Rose Laurel, Big Laurel, Big-leaf Laurel, Deer Laurel, Horse or Mountain Laurel. Shrub to tree. Leaves; diuretic, narcotic (plant poisonous). Eastern range, damp woods. Cultivated. California northward.

437. Rhododendron occidentale Gray. .Azalea. Shrub. Leaves; reputed diuretic and narcotic. Requires study. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30 : 190, 1882.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 29 : 225-231,1881.) Culti- vated as an ornamental plant.

438. Xarcodes sanguinea Torr. Snow-plant. Herbaceous plant ; reported poisonous. Dried powdered herb ; made into wash for treatment of ulcers, cankers. Indians used this plant to relieve toothache. Study required, Sierra Nevada Mountains and southern California.

Erythroxy Iaceae 439, *ErytAroxyEon coca Lam. , Coca Tree, Cuea, Erythroxylon,

Hayo, Huanuco. Shrub to tree. Leaves; stimulant, nervine, local anaesthetic--source of cocaine. Exotic, Andes Mountains. Cultivated, California.

Euphorbiaceae 440. Aleurites cordata Miill. Candle-nut. Tree. Kernel; yields

a drying oil-lac varnish. Exotic, China. Cultivated, Southern California.

441. Aleurites moluccana (Ii.) Willd. Candle-nut, Varnish Tree, Indian Walnut, Tahiti Walnut, Spanish Walnut, Lumbang- nut. Large tree. Kernels; yield drying oil (artists' oil). Exotic, Molucca Islands. Cultivated, Southern California.

442. Bwus sempervirens IJ. Box-tree, Bush-tree, Colnmon BOX, Dudgeon. Evergreen shrub to tree. h W e ~ ; cathartic. Wood; diaphoretic, rheumatic, alterative. Volatile oil; reputed of value in epilepsy. (U. 8. Disp.) Exotic. Cultivated.

443. Crotmt oalifornicum Miill. Shrub. Plant ; purgative properties. Leaves; (bitter tea) rheumatic (a salve is made from the powdered leaves and tallow). Southern California.

444. *Croton tigliunt L. Croton-oil plant. Small tree. Seeds; source of Croton Oil. Drastic purgative, pustulant, irritant, poisonous. Exotic, India, Ceylon. Cultivated.

445. Eremocarps setigerus Benth. (Pzkcaria setigera (Hook) Piper). Ginger-leaf, Turkey-mullein, Fish-weed. Low pubes. cent aromatic annual plant. Herb; carminative, febrifuge, poisonous, counter-irritant. Indians used foliage to stupefy fish and as arrow poison-also used in form of poultice applied to chest to relieve internal pain. Reputed useful in asthma. (Contrib. U. S. Nab. Herb. 7: (No. 3) 363.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30: 250, 1882.) I n dry soil, Columbia River to southern California..

446. Euphorbia albomarginata T . and Gt, Spurge. Herbaceous plant; reputed diaplioretic and emetic, Reported used as a remedy for rattlesnalre-bite. California. Waste places.

447. Euphorbicc corallatar L. Flowering Spurge, Blooming Spurge, Apple-root, Emetic-root, Mills Ipecac, Milk Purslane or Pursley, Snakemilk, Purging-root, White Purslane. Slen-

der perennial herb, Root; emeto-cathartic, irritant, diaphoretic, acrid, expectorant. Indians used plant as purgative. Sandy soil.

448. Euphorbia glytosperma Engl. Spurge. .Herbaceous plant; poisonous. Requires study. California northward.

449. Euphorbia ipecacuanha I;. Ipecac Spurge, h i l k or Spurge Ipecac, American or Carolina Ipecac, White or Wild Ipecac, Black Spurge. Perennial plant. Root ; emeto-cathartic, irritant, diaphoretic, expectorant. Indians used root as emetic. Sandy soil, cultivated.

I 450. Euphorbia latltgris L. Caper Spurge, Caper-bush, Wild ~p Caper, Garden or Myrtle Spurge, Gopher Plant, Mole Plant, I Mole Tree, Springwort, Wolf 'a-milk. Annual herb. Seeds ;

drastic cathartic, diaphoretic, emetic. Yields an oil similar to ! Croton Oil. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30: 250,1882.) Common in gar-

dens and fields. 451. Euphor2iia nzarginata Purah. Variegated or White-mar-

gined Spurge, Mountain-snow, Snow-on-the-mounttiin. Annual herb. Flowers (seeds) ; reported poisonous. Milky juice ; causes skin eruptions--similar to Rlius poisoning. Requires study. Common weed, ranges.

452. Euphcrrbia ocellata. Herbaceous plant. Reported used as a remedy for snake-bite. (Univ. correspondence, Dept. of Bot- any, Univ. of Calif., Sclinieder.) Requires study. Weed.

453. *Ezcpho~.bia pilulifera L. Zuphorbia, Pill-bearing Spurge, Asthma-weed. Annual herbaceous plant. Dried herb; stimulant, expectorant, diuretic (reputed useful for bronchitis, asthma affections). Cultivated. Southwestern states.

454. Eupkorbia serpyllifolia I;, Glabrous annual herb. Plant; diaphoretic, emetic. Reported useful as a remedy for rattlesnake-bite. Requires study. I n dry soils, dried-up ponds.

455. Mamihot aipi Plan. Cassava. Herbaceous bush. Tuberous roots ; yield starch, nutrient. Probably similar to M. ulilissima Pohl. (U . S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bul. No. 167, 1903.) South- ern California.

456. Nafrihot utilissima Pohl. (Manihot Naniltot (L.) Lyons). Tapioca Plant, Manioc, Cassava, Brazilian Arrow-root. Her- baceous sllrub. Fleshy roots; nutrient (starch formerly U. S. P.) . Fruit ; flsh poison. (Cassaripe ; a constituent used

Brazil t o . preserve meat-antiseptic.) Ointment reputed in ulcers of cornea. Exotic, Brazil. California.

*Ricinus com.nru?tis L. Castor Plant, Pahna Christi, Castor

poisonous (cathartic-purgative), emollient, galacta- source of Castor Oil. Mecl~anical in collodion,

plant. A species of

Tree, Vegetable allow, Tanlramang Fat. Tree. Fru i t ; source of vegetable tal-

901, 1887.)

1 Fagaceae 46 . Caslaneo chrysophylla Dougl. Chestnut, Giant Chinqua- f. Tree.. Seeds; edible. Unrlc; probably tonic astringent.

twly required. (Contrib. U. S. N R ~ . I-Ierb. 7 : (No. ITI) 333.) oodod slopes. Slrnmania County, Wnshington, to Mendocino

Connty, California. 461. +Castanea dentata (Marsh) 13rolch. American Chestnut,

Chestnut. Spreading tree. Leaves ; sedative (cough remedies). Bark ; nstringent, tonic, febrifuge. Frui t ; edible. Cu1t;ivatecl.

462. *Querczu a.Zba JJ. White Oak, Tanner's Oak, Stone Oak. Large tree. Dried inner bark of the trunk nnd branches; tonic, l~aemostatic, astringent (used chiefly externally). Cultivttted.

463. Querc~cs californica (Torr.) Cooper. California 13laclc Oak. Shrub to tree. Bark; used for tanning purposes. (P. 1-1. Lane: Cal. Tan 13nrk Oak, Cal. College of Pharm., Thesis, 1902.) (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., Vol. 7 : No. 3.) (Contrib. 17. S. Nnt. Herb. 7 : 343.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 275, 1879.) McKenzic lliver, Lane County, Oregon, southward through California.

464. Quercus dedfiorn I-Ioolr, and Arn. California Tan-bark Oak. Tree. Bark; used in tanning and reported used medicinally. Seeds; used by Indians as food. In foresh, ranging from Umpqnn Itiver, Oregon, to Mariposa Connty in the Sierra Nevadas and the Santa Ynez' Mountains of the coastal range of California (Itedwood belt).

465. Quercus Douglassii Hook. and Arn. Blue Oak. Tree. Barlr; used sirpilarly to Q. califorltica~tanning. Dry, rocky hillsides. Sacramento valley south through.the Sierra Nevada footl~ills and the coast ranges to the Sierra. Liebre Mountains (Los Angcles County).

1

466. Q.tcercus lobata Nees. Roble or California white Oak, Sac- raniento White Oak. Shrub to tree. Barlr; useful in dysentery. Fresh galls; reported used in the treatment of sore eyes-rich in tannin. Rich loam soil of valleys and foothills. Sacramento Valley soutl~ward to the Great Valley (Los Angeles County).

Frankeniaceae

467. Frankenia grandifolia C. and S. Salt-grass, Yerba Reuma. I1,erbaceous plant. Herb; astringent (useful in catarrhal troubles and gargle). (Am. Journ. Pharm. 23-25, 1899.) California.

Fumariaceae '

I 468. *Dicentra canadensis Walp. Corydalis, Turkey Corn, 1 Squirrel Corn, Stagger-weed, Colic-weed, Wild Hyacinth.

Delicate herbaceous perennial. Tubers; tonic, diuretic, alterative (clironic cutaneous and venereal alt'ections). Rich sl~clded

I woodlands. ! ' 469. Dicentra chrysantlta I-I. and A. Dutchman's Breeches.

Perennial herb. Perhaps possesses similar properties to D. canademis Walp. liequires study as to aotive constituents. IIigli dry ridges.

470. Dicentra fomosa DC?. Dutchman's Breeches, Bleeding 1 IIcart, California Bleeding Heart. Perennial herb. Reputed to

be tonic, diuretic, alterative (used extensively by Eclectics). Sandy woods,

471. Puntaria oflcinalis L. Fumitory, Hedge Fumitory, Earth- smoke, Beggary, Wax-dolls. Annual herbaceous plant. Leaves (fresh juice) ; discutient, alterative, narcotic, tonic, diuretic, laxative. Has been used in scurvy and hepatic disorders, cholagogue. Bxotic, Hurope. Waste places. Cultivated.

Garryaceae

472. Simniondsin. californica Nutt. Simmondsia, Brocliia. Ever- green shrub. Seeds; resemble filberts. Used by Indians as

food and in preparing a.drinlr. Oil of seeds used in hair-tonic preparations. California.

Gen tianaceae 473. Centauriunt celbtazirittm (L.) W, F. Wight. Centaury.

Herbaceous plant. Herb; probably bitter tonic. Xequires study. (Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 63, July, 1855.) Exotic, Europe. I n waste places.

474. "Erythraea Centazcriuna (lj.) Bers. Lesser Centaury, European Centaury, Bitter-herb, Bloodwort, Christ's-ladder, Earth-gall, Mountain Flax. Glabrous herbaceous plant. Herb ; bitter tonic, febrifuge. Exotic. Cultivated.

475. Erythraea Ilouglasii Gray. Canchalagua. Herbaceous plant. Herb; reputed useful in malaria and as a blood purifier. (Schneider.) California.

476. Erytkraea Zetrcantha Griseb. "Opium Plant. " Herbaceous plant. Used by Indians and early settlers ns a febrifuge and an anodyne. (Schneider.) Waste places, California.

477. Erythraea nttchlenbergii Griseb. Canchalagua. Also known as "Opium Plant. " Herbaceous plant. Properties similar to E. leucantha Griseb. (Schneider.) California.

478. Ergthraea tricltmta Griseb. Ague-weed. Reputed useful in the treatment of malaria. Requires study. (Schneider.) California.

479. Erythraea sentcsta Gray. Centaury, California Centaury. Bushy herb. Plant; reputed useful as a bitter tonic, anti- n~nlnrinl, antiseptic, bitter. Properties sin~ilar to acntinn. California. Waste places.

480. Prasera nlbicaalis Dougl. Herbaceous plant ; reported to be poisonous. Requires st,udy. California.

481. Prasera Caroli:ill.ensis Walt. American Columbo, Indian Lettuce, Meadow-pride. ITerbaceous plant. Root ; bitter tonic, cathartic, emetic. nich dry soils. Cultivated.

482. Frasera speciosa Dougl. Showy Frasera. Reported poisonous. Study required. Cultivated.

483. Uentiana Andrewsii Griseb. ((7. alba Muhl.). Closed Gen- tian, Blind Uentian, Cloistered-heart, Barrel Qentinn, Bottle Glentian. Herbaceous plant. ITerb; bitter. I'ropcrties reputed similar to Uentiamz laitea I-r. Moist grounds. Cultivated.

484. acntircna ca.lycosa ariseb. aentian. Rerbaeeous plant. No doubt, this plant has similar properties to the ofiicial Gentian. llequires study. Common along streams in the mountains.

485. *Gentian& lzcteo Ii. Gentian, Yellow Gentian, Pale @en- tian, Bitter-root. Large perennial herb. Rhizomes and roots; bitter tonic, stomachic. Cultivated. Mountalnoys districts.

486. Sabatia species. Sabbatia, Marsh Pinks. Herbaceous plants. Herb; tonic, antiperiodic (substitute for quinine). Require study. Dry or low areas.

Geraniaceae 487. Erodium Botrys. BertoI. Stork's-bill. Prostrate pubescent

annual herb. Probably similar to E. Cicutarium II. Requires study. Common plant.

488. Erodiunt Cicutarium ( I J . ) L'Her. Alfilaria, Red-stem Pilaree, Common Stork's-bill, Hemlock Stork's-bill, Heron 's- bill, Pin Clover, Pin-weed, Pin-grass, Pink-needle. AnnuaI pubescent herb. Plant ; astringent, diuretic. Reported useful in dropsy. (W. A. Smith, Ab. Journ. Med. Sei., 1865.) Exotic, Europe. Common plant.

489. Erodiunz ntacrophy2lum. Filaree. Herb. .Plant ; probably having similar properties to E. Cicutarium L. Requires study. California.

490. Et-odium moscltaf~m~ Willd. M11s1ty Heron's-bill, Sweet Covey, Muscovy Muslc, around-needle, Pick-needle, White- stem lgilaree. Stout pubescent herb. Plant; astringent, diaphoretic. Waste grounds. California.

491. Geraniunz caroliltianunt L. Carolina Geranium. Annual pubescent herb. Possesses astringent properties. Requires study. Sandy soils.

492. Beraniunt dissectum L. Common Geranium. Annual herb. Contains tannin-astringent. Requires study. Cultivated.

499. Weraniunz nzaculatum L. Cranesbill, Spotted or Wild

I Cmnesbill, Storltsbill, Spotted or Wild Geranium, Alum-root. Perennial herb, Rhizomes ; astringent, styptic. Introduced 1 from eastern states. Rich; moist woodlands. Cultivated.

494. G[era.niunt viscossissin~unt. Wild geranium. Wild Cranes- bill. Herbaceous plant; no doubt has similar properties to the above species, ltequires study. Woodlands. California

I northward,

495. Pelargonitrnt capitatzlm (TJ.) Ait. 12ose-sccnled X'clnrgo- nium or Geranium. Fragrant plant. Oil from leaves; used in manufacture of perfumes (adulterant of attar of rose). Cultivated-Califoruia.

496. Pelargodzcw graveolevts LIIIer. Fragrant pubescent busliy plant. Leaves; contain a fragrant oil similar to above species. Cultivated-pot or garden pIant.

497. Pelargoniunt odoratissimwn Ait. Nutmeg-scented Pelnrgo- nium or Beranium, Nutmeg Geranium. FmgranC hairy plant. I~cnvos; yield oil substitute for oil of rose. lGxotic, &nth Africa. Cultivated as ornnmentnl plant,

498. Pelnrgoniant roseic~tt. Rose aeranium. Fragrant plant. Possesses fragrant oil, Used similarly to above species. Culti- vated. Soutllern California.

Gnetaceae 499. Epltedra antisyphilitica Wnts. Joint Fir, Mountain Rush,

Shrubby Horsetail. Low leafless shrub. Plant ; astringent, Ilaeniostatic, antisyphilitic. (Mydrintio?) 1Ecquires study. (U, S. Ueol. Surv., Wlieeler's Rep. l3ot. 6:50, 6131..) I.)esert regions of California.

500. Bphedm calififomica Wnts. California 18phedrn. T~cnflcss shrubby plant. Stems; used by Indinns and Spnniarils (ten) ns n tonic (blood purifier and in venereal diseases). (Calif. Ueol. Surv. Bot. 2 :108.) Mojave and Colorado deserts, southward to Lower California; westward to coast (Point Loma, San Diego).

501. Eplted.ra nevadensis Wats. Nevada Ephedrn. I~eafless shrubby plant. Dried twigs and Ienves; used by Indians as refrigerant. Seeds; edible. lteputed useful in the treatment of venereal diseases. Ilesert regions, Mojavc and Colorado deserts of Californin to Northern Lower California.

503. Ef iedra triftrvcn l'orr. Three-forhcd l3pliedra, Canntilla. I~eafless plant. According to Dr. W. C'. l0idenmuller of San Francisco, usefnl in the trentmcnt of Bright's disease. (Schneider.) Constituents worthy of study. 1)csert regions, Southern California. Mojavc ltivcr. Dngetl;, Superstition Mountain. Colorado Desert.

503. *Agroppon repens (I,.) Beauv. Couch Grass, Dog Urass, Triticum, Quaclr-grass, Witch-grass. Herbaceous plant. Dried rhizo~nes and roots (root-stocks) ; diuretic, clernuicent. Weed --sparingly introduced on the Pacific Coast., ,

504. Agro'opyro~t spicatunt. I-Ierbaceous pIant. No doubt similar properties to A. repens (L.) Beauv. Study required. Dry nllraline soil. Eastern Washington to Northeastern California.

605. A?~dropogon citratus DC. Lemon Grass, Beard-grass, Ver- bena-grass. Tall fragrant grass. Plant ; stimulant, an tispasmodic, carminative. Reported useful in neuralgia and rheumatism. Adulterant of attar of roses. Oil; employed in the

I manufacture of ionone, perfumery, -and sachet powders. Cul- tivated. California.

506. Andropogoa sorghtcnt halepensis Haeclrel. Jolinson Grass, Sorghum. Perennial grass. Plant; rich in sugar. Medicinal virtues 7 Occasionally in fields and waste places, California.

507. Anthoxanbhocm odoraturn L. Sweet Vernal-grass, Sweet- scented Grass, Pig-grass. Glabrous perennial grass. Plant ; fragrant-possesses coumarin. Worthy of consideration in the manufactare of perfumes, sachet powders. (Calif. Beol. Surv. 13ot. 2:266.) Washington to California. Meadow grnss. In pastures. Exotic from Europe.

508. A.ru?tdo domx L. Giant Reed, Reed, Spanish Cane. Peren: nial tall (woody) gmss. Rhizome; diuretic, emmenagogue. Along irrigating ditches, central and southern California (Ala- meda marshes).

509. *Avenu sativa IJ; Oat, Common Oats, Haws. Annual herb. Seeds; nutrient, diuretic, alterative. tJstilago avenue Jen. (Oat smut) fungus ; rcputed emmenagogue, parturient, similar to Ergot. Cultivated.

510. C'oix LncJ~rz~lttdobi 11. Job '8-tears. Annual herb. Seeds ; reputed diuretic and lithotriptic. Exotic, tropical countries. Cultivated-ornamental,

511. C ~ n o d m dnctylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda Qrass, Wire-grass, Indian Couch arm, Dog's-tooth arass, Scotch Grass. Peren- nit11 grass. Dried rllizomes and roots; diuretic, demulcent (substitut.~ or adulterant of Tdicum). Sparingly introduced. Along irrigating ditches, California. Occasionally in Oregon.

68 Qranaineae

512. E1ytnzr.s coi~de~rsati~s Presl. Rye Glrnss. Perennial arnss. Giant Rye-grass. R,eported uuecl ns a ~nechnnieal counter-irri- taut for granulated eye-lids by Indians. (Schneider.) Dry plains and hillsides; gullies and ditches. British Columbia to Southern California. (Monterey, Calif.)

513. Elymus tn'lwoides Bucld. Rye Qrass. Perennial Grass. Alkali Rye-grass. .Reported used as a mechanical counter- irritant for granulated eye-lids by Indians. (Schnejder,) Rare west of the Cascade Mountains. Moist bottom land and alkaline soil. Washingt,on to California.

614. ~iekoohloe macroplty1Za Thurb. Holy Qrass, Large-leaved Vanilla Clrass. Perennial grass. Plant ; fragrant - contains coumarin. Probably mould be of value in perfumery and sachet powders. Columbia River southward.

515. *Hordeurn vuZgare L. Barley, Two-rowed Barley. Annual herb. Seeds ; nutrient, vehicle. Source of Malt, Waste places and cultivated. Other grains used as food are: Avenn jabua, Danthmtia califorlzioa, IZordewm murin~w~t IJ. Sitanion ely- nwides, Brvntus marginatus. In wasta places. Weeds.

516. Lolium species. Darnels. L. arve~ase, It. italicurn, L. lini- cota, 5. Perenozs. Annual and perennial grasses. Plants: reputed to possess a poisonous principle, supposed to be a fungus. Requires study. (Pharm. Journ. Trans. 251, 1809.) Roadsides and waste places. ,

517. L o l i m temulentunc L. Darnel, Bearded Darnel, Lover's- steps, Ray-grass. Perennial grass. Fruits ; narcotic, intoxicant, delirient, reputed anodyne. Parched seeds ; reported eaten by Indians. Fields and waste places northward along the Pacific coast. Sparingly introduced.

518. Oryzopsis ntentbranaceae Vasey. Common Sand Grass. Indian Mountain Rice. Perennial grass. Seeds ; (starch) nn- trient, demulcent, substitute for rice. Deserts and plains. Eastern Washington, Oregon and southward.

519. Phala& arundinacea L. Reed Canary-grass, Ribbon-grass, Daggers. Perennial grass. Reported poisonous. Symptoma no doubt due to the presence of the fungus Ergot-which is usually found upon the plant. Study required. Pond edges and stream banks, in wet pl~oesr. Enstern Washington; infre- quent in California. Ager, Warner Mountains. aarden grass.

Hamant elidaceas 69

520. Phragntites u ~ d g a k Lam. Common Reed. Stout perennial grass. Plant; rich in sugar. Worthy of study. Substitute for Saccharzwt ofloinarum 11. Marshes, swamps - wet places. Washington to California.

521. *Saccharurn oflcinarum L. Sugar Cane. Tall, coarse perennial tasseled grass. Expressed juice of the stem; nutrient, preservative, sweetening agent, laxative, velliole. Source of cane sugar. Cultivated, Southern California.

522. *iSecnle cereale IJ. Rye, Tall annual herb. Grain; esculent, nutrient. Chief source of Claviceps prpurea (Fries) Tulasne,

. Xrgot, parasitic fungus on grain of various grasses; haemostatic, ecbolic, emmenagogue, parturient.

523. fitipa viridula Trin. Perennial herbaceous grass. Plant ; reputed having specific action on ~lpinal cord and brain. Study necessary. I n dry grounds. Xast of ranges.

524. *Zea Mays L. Corn, Maize, Indian Corn. Annual herb. Urrrin; nutritive, .demulcent, emollient, diluent, absorbent (antidote Iodine poisoning). Styles and Stigmas (silk) ; diuretic, anodyne, demulcent. Fungus developed on grain (Ustilago MaydZs) ; emmenagogue, parturient (similar to Ergot). Stalks; Ior~nerly source of sugar. Used by Indians for many ailments. Cultivated in valleys.

525. Sedum species. Stone Crop. Perennial herbs. Plants; of this group reputed to be of value in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, pulmonary disorders, dysentery. Require study. On cliffs and roclts, moderate altitudes.

Guttiferae 526. aarcinia Alangostana 11. Mangoateen. Slow-growing tropi-

cal tree. Fruit ; esculent. Ilind and bark; astringent. Resinous juice; purgative. Exotic, Western Jamaica, Cultivated, South- ern California.

Bamamelidaceae 527. *HanlanzeZis ~~irg in ica L. Witch Hazel, Striped Alder,

Spotted Alder, Winter-bloom. Shrub or small tree. Leaves, brtrlr and twigs; astringent, styptic, haemostatic, vulnerary, emollient. American Indians used sedative application of bark

for external inflammations, Externally used for sprains and bruises. Damp woods. Introduced and cultivated as an om?- mental plant.

528. *Liquidancl)nr styraoiflua IA. Sweet auln Tree, Storax Tree. Tree. Balsam from the trunk; balsamic, vulnerary, stimulant, antiseptic, disinfectant, expectorant, diuretic. Introduced. California.

Hydrophyllaceae

529. *Briodictymt califotwicum ( H . and A,) Greene. Yerba Snnta, 'Consumptive's-weed, Bear's-weed, Mountain 13alm, Gum-plant. Xvergreon shrub, Leaves; expectorant, xnaslc for bitter tastes. Reputed specific for colds, asthma, grippe. Indi- ans use i t for numerous ailments. Coastal ranges ~ a l i f o r n i i to Oregon.

530. Eriodicdym donten.tosnrna Benth. Pubescent evergreen shrub. Properties and uses similar to E. cnlifornicum. Native of Southern California.

531. Phacelia grandiflora Gray. Pubescent herb. Plant ; rc- ported poisonous. Study required. Cnlifornia northward. Shaded banks and cleared areas.

Hypericnceae

532. Iiypem'cum anaga.lloides C. and S . False Pimpernel. Pro- cumbent perennial herb. Perhaps has similar properties to H. perfolatum IJ, Requires study. Common in wet places- forming loose mnts. .

633. Hypericum concinnunt Benth. St. John's-wort. Perennial lierb. Medicinal virtues doubtful-mythical. Moist localities.

534. IIypericunt f ormasum scouleria Coul t . Perennial erect herb. Properties reputed similar to H. perfolatum L. Requires study. Moist grounds.

535. Hypericunt ntultilunz IJ. IXerbnceous pIant. Perliaps has similar medicinal virtues to H. perfolatum L. Requires study. Damp localities.

536. Ijrypericunt perfolatum L. Common St. John's-wort, Pen- ny-John. Dnlm-of-wnrrior's-wound, Cam~noclc, ltosin-rose, Tipton-weed. Perennial erect lierb. Flowering tops; bitter, terebinthinate, vulnerary, acrid. Poisonous to horses. Exotic, Europe. Troublesome weed.

Iridaceae 7 1

Ilicaceae 537. I les paraguayensis St. IIil. Paraguay Tea, Mate, Jesuit's

or St. Btlrtholomew's Tea, Yerba Mate. Shrub. Leaves ; stimulant, contain cafleine (theine). Used as tea; (Proc. A. Pb. A. 26 :299, 1878.) Cultivated, California. ,

538. Ilez species. Holly. Shrubs. All contain caffeine. Requires study. Numerous species cultivated as ornamental plants.

539. Ilex verticillata (L.) Bray. Black Alder, Feverbush, Vir- ginia or Common Winterberry. Branching shrub. Bark (berries) ; tonic, astringent, febrifuge (ulcers, skin eruptions and diseases). Substitute for Peruvian bark. Used by Indians as an astringent, tonic and antiseptic. (Amer. Journ. of Pharm., 97, 178, 1925.) Swamps and moist grounds. Cultivated.

540. Iles vomitoria Ait. Emetic Bolly, Yaupon, Indian Black- drink, Applalachina, Indian Tea, South-sea Tea. Shrub to srnall tree. Leaves; emetic, cathartic, stimulant, depressant. Used by American Indians to make "Black .Drink." Culti- vated for hedges.

Iridaceae 541. * C r o c ~ sativus IJ. Saffron, Spanish Saffron. Perennial

bulbous plant. Stigmas ; aromatic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, coloring agent. Medium fertile soil. Cultivated.

542. Iris dou.glasiana Herb. Douglas' Iris. Bulbous herb. A native species no doubt having similar properties to I. versicolor L. Requires study. Open woods (Eedwood belt), coastal ranges from Curry County, Oregon, to Monterey County, California.

543. *Iris florentina L. White Flag, Florence or Sweet Flower- de-luce, Orris. Perennial herbaceous plant. Rhizomes; acrid (cathartic, emetic), sternutatory (used in cosmetics and dentifrices). Perfumery. Exotic, Italy. Cultivated.

544. *Iris germanica IJ. European Blue Flag, German Iris, Orris. Perennial herb. Properties and uses similar to I, &or- entina 1.4. Exotic. Cultivated.

645. I& longipetala I-Xerb. I~ong-petaled Iris. Bulbous plant. This species no doubt has ~ilrlilar properties to I. versicolor L. Study required. In mendows, moist grassy slopes coastal region of centrsl California. Contra Costa County and San Francisco to Monterey.

546. Iris ntacrosipIton Torr. Slender-tubed Iris, Ground Iris, Wild Damiana. Bulbous plant. 12eputed apl~rodisiac and emmenagogue properties by Spaniards and Mexicans. ltequires study. Grassy hillsides, open woods; Culifornin coast ranges from Flumboldt and Sislriyou Counties sont;h to Marin County. Mt. Hamilton ranges in Santa Clara County.

547. *Itis pdlida Lam. Pale Blue Flag, Orris. Perennial herb. Rhizomes; acrid, sternutatory, cathartic, emetic. Cosmetics and dentifrices. Perfumery. Other exotic species of Iris cultivated are: I, cristata and I. jnponica. Exotic, Italy, Culti- vated.

548. Iris pseudacmws L. Yellow Flag, False Sweet-flag, Yellow Water-flag, Sword Flag, Jacob's-sword. Bulbous herb. Rool;s; acrid, reputed cathartic, emetic, Seeds; substitute for coffee. (U. S. Disp.) Exotic. Cultivated.

549. *Iris versicolor L. Blue Flag, Flag-lily, Water Flag, Larger Blue Flag. Perennial herb. Dried rhizomes; diuretic, alterative, emetic, purgative, cholagogue, cathartic. Swamp Innds. Cultivated.

550. flisyrinahiunt . hellirnt Wats. Califorilin Blue-eyed arflss, Star Qrass, Azulea, Villela. Perennial herb. Plant;; reputed febrifuge (in the form of tea to relieve fcvcrs). ltoot; requires study. Common on 'grassy hillsides (heavy or sandy soil; throughout Cnlifornia from Shasta and Ilumboldt Counties to Lower California).

551. Camja porci?za Nutt. Hickory, Pignut Hiclrory Tree. Leaves of this and other species; reported used as a laxative and externally for skin diseases. Bark (leaves) ; astringent. Plant; contains a dye substance. Foothills, California.

552. Juglans califomtica Wats. California Walnut, California Black Walnut. Tree. Worthy of study. I n canyons; cotist ranges of Ventura County to the Santa Ana and San Der- nardino Mountains, California.

553. *Juglans cinera L, Butternut, White or Lemon Walnut, Oilnut. Medium sized tree. Barlr of root; cathartic, cholagogue, laxntive. Seeds ; contain an oil-cathartic, bitter, tonic. Introduced into CaliPoimia.

'554. JzhgLufis nigra l~. Black Wulnut, Walnut. Tree. Leaves and bark; styptic, vermifuge, alterative, deobstruent, astringent, bitter. Hull of fruit; reputed to be vermifuge-also recommended for ulcers or syphilis. Juice of .fruit ; taenif uge, laxative, American Indians used green rind o£ unripe fruit in staining aud dyeing. Cultivated.

Labiatae 555. d j u p rep tam L. Common or Brown Bugle, Carpenter-

herb, Middle-comfrey, Middle-consound, Sicltlewort, Dead- men'^ Ijellows. Herb. Plant ; mildly astringent, vulnerary. Cultivated.

566. Awdebertia species. Ramona, Qreasewood, Humming Bird Sage. Herbaceous plants. Flowers; of the following species yield an extra quality of honey: A. gradif lwa Benth., A. wiwea Benth., A,. poll~stacltia Benth., A. stachljoides Benth. Southern California.

557. Brunella vzclgwis L. Heal-all, Self-heal. Herbaceous plant. Herb ; aromatic, carminative. Reputed useful in the treatment o.f hernorrhnges, dinrrhoea, and as a gargle. Nxotic. Cosmo- poli tan plant.

668. IJlechomz Itedera,cea b. Ground Ivy, Field Balm, Cat's- paw, Hay-hove, nobin-running-in-the-hedge. Herbaceous plant, Ilerlt; reputed stimulating tonic, aperient, diuretic. (U. S. Disp.) Introduced from Europe. Cosmopolitan plant.

559. $Iedeonza pulegioides (TJ. ) Pers. Pennyroyal, American or Moelr Pennyroyal, Stinking Palm, Squaw-mint, Mosquito Plant. Herb. Dried leavc~l and flowering tops; carminative, aromatic, emmenagogue (colic, stomach disorders, relieves insect bites). American Indians used herb for suppressed men- struu.tion. Xource of oil of Pennyroyal. Cultivated.

560. Iiyssopus o~icirtalis is. Hyssop, Garden Hyssop. Peren- nial (subshrub) herbaceous plt~nt. Flowering herb; aromatic, stixnulant, bitter, vulnerary, diaphoretic (dyspepsia, cold affections, muscular rheumatism). Exotic, Europe. Cultivated in gardens-ornamental.

561. Lallemeniia iberica. I'ierbaceous plant. Seeds; mucilaginous, demulcent, Properties uncertain. Requires study. Culti- vated, University of Wushington. Exotic.

562. Lavendula aizgustifolin. Miller. Lavender, Garden Laven- der, Shrub-like herb. Blowers; stimulant, aromatic, carminative. Plant ; yields oil-used in perfunlery and insect extermi- nators. Exotic, Europe. Cultivated.

563. *Lavendula spka IJ. True Lavender, Uarden Lavender, Spike, French Lavender. Low shrub. Iqlowers ; in perfumery. Source ; oil of Spike. Cnltivated (dry soil), eastern Oregon.

564. Lavelzdula Vera DC. Lavender, Slirub-like herb, F lowes ; fragant. Plant ; yields oil of lavender, used similarly to above species. Cultivated.

665. Leonotis leonwtls L. Lion's-ear, Common Motherwort. Shrubby perennial. Plant ; reported to have purgative and emmenagogue properties. (Pharru. Journ. Trans., May, 1885.) Exotic, South Africa. Cultivated.

566. Lemwics cardiaca L. Mothorwort. Lion's-tail, Lion's-&r, Throwwort. Herbaceous plant. Herb; diaphoretic, aromatic, stomachic. Exotic, Europe. I n wa.ste places.

567. Lophadus europaeus L. Fragrant herb. Virtues probably similar to other species. Study required. Border of woods and plains. California.

568. Lophantus urticifolius - Bentli. Fragrant Hyssop. Uerba- ceous plant;. Lonves; fragrant. Reputed usecl by lnclinns ns a sachet powder. Worthy of study. Border of woods and plains. California.

569. Lyoopcs lucidum americafiunz Bray. Water Ronrhound. Perennial herb. Properties reputed similar to thosa of L. viv- gi~ticus L. (U. S. Disp.) Damp soil. British Columbia and southward.

570. Lycopus virginicw L. Water Hoarhound, Bugleweed, Buglewort, Wolf-foot, Cypsie-weed. 1,erennial herb. Plant;; sedative, haemostatic, mild narcotic, astringent, tonic. Anti- dote for snnlre bites. Europe-substitute for quinine. I-Icrnor- rhages, diarrhoea, disorders of drunkard. Rich, moist soil. Southward to California.

571. hfarrubium vwlgare L, ~oa r l iound , White Horehound, Common Eoarhound. Pubescent perennial herb. Dried Ietwes nnd flowering tops; carminative, expectoranl;, laxntive, aperient, diaphoretic, stimulant, tonic. Introduced in waste places; native of Europe.

572. Belissa ofjicinalis L. Balm Mint, Common Balm, Lemon Balm, Dropsy-plant, Blue or Sweet Balm, Bee Balm, Sweet- Mary, I-Toncy-plant. Erect pubescent perennial plant. Herb; diaphoretic, carminative, emmenagogue., Exotic, Europe. llendily cultivated.

573. "Mentha drvensis uar piperascens L. Jhpanese Pepper- mint. Flowering herb; source of oil of Peppermint and Men- thol. Properties as M. piperita L. Exotic. cultivated.

574. itlentha canadens&. borealis (Michx.) Piper. American Wild Mint. Herb ; yields an oil probably liaving similar prop- srties to M . pper i ta L. Study required. Common in low grounds.

575. Mentha citrata Brhr. Bergamot Mint, ~ i s h Mint. Plant; possesses a volatile oil (poco oil). Reputed popular remedy in Java for headache, cholera. (U. 5. Disp.) Exotic, Europe. Cultivated-in wet places.

576. hfentha c r i s p L. Crisped-leaved Mint, Curled or Cross Mint. Herb; aromatic, formerly official in the P. (3, (U. S. Disp.) Exotic. Cultivated.

577. ;itlentha piperita L. Peppermint, Brandy Mint, Lamb Mint, Lammint. Perennial herb. Leaves and tops of flowering plant; carminative, stimulant, nervine, antispasmodic, flavoring agent, analgesic, anodyne. Source-oil of Peppermint and Nenthol. Low lands, western Oregon. Cultivated.

578. Afentka pulegizcnz L. Buropean Pennyroyal, Brotherwort, Churchwort, Flea Mint. Herb ; reputed having properties similar to Iiedsonaa pulegioides (L.) Pers. Dry soils. Southward to ~alifornia. Readily cultivated.

570. Illlentha spicata L. Spearmint, Mentha Viridis. Perennial licrb. Dried leaves and flowering plants; carminative, stimulant;, flavoring agent, condiment. Perfumery. Introduced from Europe. Moist localities. Cultivated.

580. Bl.Licronwria ckmzisso9ais (Benth.) Ureene. Yerba Buena. Low scented perennial. Plant; diaphoretic, febrifuge. Used by Indians for fevers and tonic. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 31, 117, 1885.) Common in open woods.

581. Illonarda d i d p a IJ. Oswego Tea, American Bee Balm, ltosc Dalm, Low Balm, Scarlet Balm, Indian's-plume. Hairy

7 6 Labiatae

erect herb, Plant; aromatic. Ileputeil useful in clomestic remedie@. Cultiveted. Moist woods and dong streams.

582, dlmarda futulosn IJ. Wild Bergamot, Oswego 'pea. 1-Iir- sute to pubescent plant. I-Ierb; stimulnnt, diuretic, carminn- Live, diaphoretic. Usecl by Intlinns-decoction of root for intestinal complaints. Loaves; for slrin affections. Properties similar to M. pnctn ta L, Dry soil. Cultivated.

583. Monardn pnctata L, I-Xorserni~L, American Orignnum, Monarda. Pubescent perennial. Irlcrb ; carminative, diapho- .retic, dinret,ic, emmenngoguo, sl;i~nulant (Menthol). Americun Indinris gronnd plnnt to powdor, rubbed ovcr lieail lo cnrc heeclaches, nlso rubbed saxno over body for fever. llecoction of leaves for sore throat nnd fever. Sandy soils. Cultivated.

584. Alo?za,rdelia lanesolato aray. Mountain Mint. IUerb; reputed diaphoretic. TJsed by Spaniards to relieve colic and vnrious aiimeuts. (Schneidcr.) Coni~non in mountainous regions. Californin northward.

686. Afo?cat.deEin sheltawi l'orr. ITerb; carminative, diapl~oretic. Ecquircs study. Sandy soils. Foothills.

686. "Nepeta c d a ~ i n L. Catrxep, Catnip, Catmint. Pcrqnnial herb. Dried leaves and flowering tops; carminative, antispasmodic, ernmenagogue, stimulant, diaphoretic, tonic, mild aromatic. Used to attract mild cnt,s into traps. Alncrictln Indiana used infusion and poultice for pneumonia. I'~~l;roduced in W&O places; native of Xurope.

587. Ocimwn Bmilicum L. Sweet I3nsi1, Comluon Basil, Basil. Herbs (seeds) ; genito-urinary ail~nonts (gonorrhocn-India) . Exotic. Cultivated.

588. Ofr 'gmum ?wajorma L. Marjoyan, Sweet Mnrjora.m, IZaot- ted Marjoram. Herb; carminative, stiomachic, condiment. Useful in measles. Cultivatecl, Exotic.

589. Om'ganum vulgare L. Colnlnon or Wild Marjoram, Pot Marjornm, Winter Mariosam, Orignnurn, Winter-swect. Herb ; carminative, anodyne, stomachic, emmenagogue, condiment. Source-oil of Orignnum. l~xtcnsively cultivated aa a, pot herb.

590, Pogogyne parvijlora 13entl~ Pogogyne. Herb ; f rngrnnt, nromatic, insecticide (<liaplioretic and febrifuge?), counter- jrri tan t. Californja.

Labiatae 77

591. Prunella vutgare lanceo2ata (Barton) Pernald. Real-all, Self-heal, Slough-heal, All-heal, Sickle-heal, Sickle-weed, Siclrlewort, Thimble-flower. Herb; reputed astringent, vulnerary. Requires study. This plant probaljly identical to P. vulgaris 1,. Moist grounds-foothills, Olympic mountains.

592. Prunella vulgaris L. (Prunella canadensis Mill.). Heal- all, Self-heal, Sickle-weed, Hook-weed, Carpenter's Herb, Brownwort. Herb; aromatic, bitter, astringent, vulnerary. Cultivated.

593. *Rosmarinus oflcktalis L. Rosemary, Garden Rosemary, Old-man. Low perennial shrub. Fresh flowering tops and leaves ; carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, stimulant, diuretic, stomachic (perfumery). Exotio. Cultivated.

594. Xalvicc co1umbaria.e Benth. Sage, Chia. Herbaceous plant. Seeds; mucilaginous, demulcent. Used by Indians as food. Herb; probably has astringent and diaphoreti~ properties. Mexican plant. Cultivated. California.

595. SalvicG oficinalis L. Garden Sage, Sage, True Sage, Meadow Sage. Perenni J (subshrub) plant. Dried leaves ; tonic, stimulant, astringent, aromatic (diaphoretic I ) . Uterine disorders, pulmonary complaints, bronchial affections. Culti- vated.

596, Salvia sclarea L. Glary, Clear-eye, See-bright. Biennial to perennial erect herb. Seeds ; (officially recognized in Europe) mucilaginous, demulcent-used to remove foreign particles from eye. Leaves; used to blend wines. Exotic, Europe. Cul- tivated-gardens.

597. Soutellaria angustifolia Pursh. Perennial plant. Herb and leaves; aromatic, bitter. Requires study. Victoria, coast and Sierra ranges (rare).

598. Scutellaria californica (hay.. California Skullcap. Peren- nial herb. Leaves; bitter. Reported to have been used as a quinine substitute by Indians. Requires study. Woodlands. California.

599. *Scutellaria laterijlora L. Skullcap, American Skullcap, Scullcap, Mad-dog, Blue Pimpernel, Hoodwort, Glabrous perenninl herb. Herb; bitter, nervine, tonic, sedative, antispasmodic. Common in moist shaded places and woods.

600. Sczctellat-ia tuberosa Bentli. Herb; bitter, aromatic. No doubt has similar properties to 8 . laterifiora L. Study required. Coast ranges and Sierras.

G0.l. Xtaclcys b d l a t a Dentli. Cough-ncttlc, Wonnclwort, 1Icilgc- nettle. Pubescent herb. Plant ; reputed nntispasn~odic, used in cough remedies. Properties probably similar to 8. palzutris L. I n nioist places, Clarke County, Washington, and soutliward. (Piper and Benttie.)

602. Stachys plicslris L. Hedge-nettle, Marsh Woundwort, Clown '8 Woundwort, Clown's All-heal, Dead-nettle, IZougli- weed. Pubescent perennial herb. Plant ; reputed vulnerary, antispasmodic, emetic, emmenngogue. I n wet places, rare; Vancouvcr, Washington. (Sulrsdorf.)

603. thymi^ u u l g a ~ i s L. Thyme, (farclen Thyme, Corrimon Thyme. Lolv nroniatic slirub. Dried leaves and flowering tops; tonic, carminative, antispasmodic, conhiment, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue. Source-OiI of Thyme, Thymol. Cultivated.

604. l'richostenta la.~talum Bexith. I3lnck Sage, Woolly Blue- curls. Pubescent herb. Plant ; astringent, cosmctic (npplicd to sores and inflamed tissues). TJsed by Spaniards for nunicr- ous ailments. Study required. Dry soils. Soutliern California.

605. Trichoste~na lanceolatztnt (hay. Blue Curls. Blue Tarmeed, Vinegar Weed, Tarweed. Low annual pubescent herb. I'lnnt ; poisonous, aromatic. Used as fish poison. Infusion of leaves reported useful for relieving headache and in the treatment of typhoid fever. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 :385.) I n dry ground. Columbia River basin to California.

Laminariaceae

606. La.ntinaria species. Seaweeds, Kelps. Marine Algae. puted to contain Iodine. Used by Indians, Cliincse and J re- pa- nese as food (nutrient). L a n h a r i a bulbosa, reported useful in scrofulous affections (glandular enlargements). Species of Nereooystis, Porplcyro and . F ? G C ~ ~ S wortlly of consideration. (Proc. A. Pli. A. 27 :132-134, 1879), (R. a,. Whitlock, Calif. Col., 1901, Pliarm.), (Ithode Island Agr. Exp. Sta. Dul. 21: 1893). (N. S. Disp.) Salt waters.

Lauraceae 607. *Ci~criaw~o~~tu?~z Can~phova (11.) Nees, and Bber. Camphor

Tree, Camphor T~aurel. Tree. Leaves and twigs; sedative, dia- phorctic, rubifacient, stimulant, antiseptic; Exotic, Japan, China. JCscnped from cultivation. California. ,

GU8. *Cinnamoatunt Cassia (L.) Blume. ( C . arontaticum Nees.) Cassia Bark, Cassia, Chinese Cinnamon. Tree. Bark of shoots; aromatic, carminative, condiment, astringent. Leaves and twigs; source-oil of Cinnamon. Bxotic. Cultivated.

GOD. *Ci?tnavtmum Zeylandicunt Nees. Ceylon, Cinnamon, True Cinnamon. Tree. Dried bark of the shoots, leaves and twigs ; aromatic, carminative, astringent, haemostatic, intestinal stimulant, antispasmodic, condiment. Source-Cinnamon oil. Cul- tivated. Southern California.

G10. Lancrus lzobilis L. Bay Laurel, Bay Tree, Sweet Bay, Noble Laurel, Sweet Bay I~aurel. Evergreen tree. Leaves; aromatic, condiment. Fruit ; aromatic, bitter, carminative. Yields--oil of Bay. (U. S. Disp.) Cultivated ornamental tree.

611. Persen gratissbba Glaertner. Alligator Pear, Vegetable Butter, Avigato, Avocat, Avocado, Holy-ghost Pear. Tree. Seeds; anthelmintic, anodyno. Fluid extract-has been rec- omlnended in rl~cumatism and neuralgia. Manufacture of soap. HUN upon fermentation-glucoside probably amyg- dulin. Juice of seed-substitute for inclclible ink. Cultivated Culifornir~.

612. "Sassafras sassafvas Salisb. Sassafras, Ague-tree, Cinna- inon-wood, Slnelling-stick, Saxifrax. Tree. Root-bark; tonic, stimulant, aromatic, diaphoretic, alterative. Pith; mucilaginous, demulcent. Source-oil of Sassafras. Cultivated.

Gl3. Un~dellrilaria californica Nutt. Oregon Myrtle, California Laurel, Mountain Laurel, California Bay-laurel, Spice Tree, California TYiId Olive. Aromatic shrub to tree. Leaves; aromatic, irritant, stimulant (condiment). Leaves and seeds; contain an oil reputed to have anaesthetic properties, useful in nervous disorders, intestinal colic, dyspepsia, insecticide, nnd antiseptic. (U. of Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep., 173, 1897- 1898.) ( J . M. Stillman and E. 0. O'Neill, Am. Chem. Journ. 4:206-211, 1882 and 1889.) (Proc. A. Pli. A. 31:109, 1883.) Miirsh ranges, soutl~crn Oregon (Coos Bay) soutl~wnrd.

80 Leguntinosae

Leguminosae ,

614. Abrus pvecatwizcs L. Indian Licorice, Wild Licorice, Red- beau Vine, Crab's-eye Vine, Weather-plant, Prayer Beads. Creeping or climbing herbaceous vine. Seeds; poisonnus, irritant, abortive. Used in eye a.fTections. 12oot; substitute for licorice. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 32:182-184, 1884.) , I n greenhouses.

615. Acacia cateclw Willd. Catechu Tree. Shrub to tree. Ex- tract of wood; astringent. Cultivated, Southern Cnlifornia.

616. Acacia farnesiaqta (L.) Willd. Acacia, Cassie, Cassia-flower Tree, Sponge Tree, Huiscahe (Texas), Matitus (Mexico), Kalu (Hawaii). Shrub to tree. Flowers ; perfumery. Shrub ;

. yields a gum. Exotic. Cultivated, Soutliern California. 617. Acacia greggii Gray. Catclaw, Cat's Clam, Paradise

Flower, Devil's Claw, Ramshorn, Una de Gato, Wait-a-bit. Shrub to tree. Plant; yields resinous exudate, lac-shellac. Arizona and California.

618. Acacia p~cn?tthe Bentil. Qolden Wattle, Wattle G uin, Aus- tralian durn. Shrub. Bark; astringent. Yields a guln. Used for numerous ailments. Exotic. Soutl~ern California.

610. Acacia species. sllrubs to trees. Other species of Acacia that may exist and possibly be 11sefu1: A. decicvve?is Willil., d. hoinalopl~~lla Cun., A. varelc a. el; 13., A, ada~tso~tii , A. fer- rugk~rea and A . leucophaea Willd. Bark, leaves, fruits; rich in tannin. Adapted to dry, sandy soils.

620. Arachis hypogaea L. Peanut, aonber, around Pea, Ground-nut, Earth-nut. Annual low herb. Seeds; esculent, nutrient-yields a fixed oil. Medicinal virtues doubtful. Cul- tivated, California.

GZ1. 'Cassia ac~ctijolia l lel . African Senna, Alexnndrin Scnna, Tripoli Senna. Sl~rub. T~eaves; diuretic, cathartic. 13cported cultivated. San Francisco garden of medicinal plnnts. Solinas and Mecca, Calif. Cotton belt areas.

622. *Cassia atzgzcstifolia Vahl. Tinnivelly Sennn, India Senna. Shrub. Leaflets and Ienves; laxative, cathartic, diuretic. I c . arlemisioides probably has similar properties. Bxotic. Cul- tivated.

623. Cassia vtarylandica L. American Senna, Wild Senna, Locust-plant. Shrub. Leaves; ~a t~ha r t i c (snbstitute for true fYcn?m). Americnn Tndinns used irwi~l;oneil bruisotl mol; po111- tice for sores. Ilccoction of root for fever. (Am. Journ.

Pl~arm. 07:167, 1925.) Comtnon in gardens and parks of California.

624. Ceratoitin siliqzm L. Carob Tree, Locust Tree, St. John's- bread, Honey-bread, Sweet-pod, Locust Betin. Evergreen tree. Legumes ; laxative, demulcent (rich in sugar). Seeds ; reputed poisonous. Cultivated, Southern California.

625. Cercis candensis L. Red-bud Tree, American Judas Tree, Salad Tree, R,ed Judas Tree. Tree. Buds; used in salads and pickles. Mild acid astringent in treatment of chronic diar- rhoen and dysentery. (U. (3. Disp.) Cultivated, doll soil.

626. Cercis occidentalis Torr. Common Redbud. Judas Tree. Small Tree. 13arlr; reputed useful aa a substitute for quinine -antimalarial. Buds; reported useful for diarrhoea and dysentery. Study required. Rich soil. California northward.

627. Dalea entorz~i G. Ilerb. Plant; reported used as food and medicinally by Indians. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27:258, 1879.) Other species of this plant also used. Southeastern desert regions of California.

628. *Cfalega oficinalis L, Goat's Rue; Perennial herb. EZerb; dinpliorctic, anfielmintic, antispasmodic, diuretic, galaota- gogiio, stimldatit. 14xotic, southern Europe. Cultivated.

629. Qenis ta linctoria Jj. Dyer's Broom, Dye-weed, Gt.reen:weed, Uaso Broom, areen Broom, Widow-wisse. Shrub-like evergreen plant. IIerb ; diuretic, cathartic, emetic (seeds). Flow- ering tops; yield a yellow dye. Cultivated. California.

630. *Glycz~~r7tixa gtdwa IJ. Licorice, Licorice-root, Sweet-root, Sweet-wood, Spanish Juice-root or Juice-wood. Perennial , shrub-like plnmt. 12oots; demulcent, bitter, stomachic, laxative. Ciiltivn led.

631. Glycyrrhiza lepitbota glzctinosa Pursh. Wild Licorice, American Licorice. Perennial lierbaceous plant. Reputed having similar properties to C?. glabra li. Requires study. Native 01 California. Cultivated.

632. Uynwaocladzcs canadensis Lam. Kentucky Coffee Tree, American Coffee Tree, Kentucky Mahogany, Nicker Tree. Tree. Seeds; reputed poisonous-contain oil, fat, resin and a glucoside. Formerly a substitute for coffee. Ornamental.

633. Iiedysarzcnt occidentale Greene. Hedysarum, Sweet Broom. alabroas perennial herb. Root; emetic. Requires study. Olympic Mountains.

634. Latltyrtts sativtcs IJ, Wliite Vetch, Glrass Pea, Jarossc, Besse. Annual herb. Plant ; reported poisonous to stock (paralyzes laryngeal muscles and liincl extremity). Seeds; contain poisonous constituent which is destroyed upon Iienting. Ihlretl seeds; nutrient. Itequires study. Xxotic, Asia. In open places.

635. Latityrus walsoni. Vetch. Ilerbaceous plant; usctl by In- dians as food-used medicinally in form of poultices to relieve swellings. (Conlxib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: No. 3, 367.) I n open woods and waste places.

636. Lotus tura~tgelin~zzts F. and M . Bird's-foot Trefoil. Perrn- ninl plant; r epo r ld poisonous. (U. of Cal. Agr. 13xp. Stn. Rep., p, 258, 189748.) Requires study. Dry arens. Cnlifornin.

637. Lttpinvs species. Herbaceous velvety plants. Tile following Lupines liave been reported poisonous (toxic to stock), depressant, paralysant, not used medicinally. Requires slndy: L. cynnetts, L. lezrcoplzyllus Dougl., L. Lzcteolzcs IZell., L. seri- ceus l'ursll., L. pere~tnis. Coast and inland arens.

638. Nedicago lirpzili?sa L. Black Medic, IIop Medic, ITop Clover, 131nclc Nonesuoh, Ulnclr or Mclilot Trefoil, lIop 'l1re- foil, IIorned Clover, Slinnlrock. IJOW pubescent nnnnnl. Plant ; probably has galactngognc properties. lteqnires study. Introduced. Common in waste placcs.

637, Nedicago sativa IJ. Alfalfa, 1)rnzilian or Burgundy Clover, Chilian or Spnnisli Clover, Dutch Clover, Snail Clover, Span- ish Trefoil, I-Iolyliny. Leafy smooth perennial herb. Plowers; fragrant-reputed useful in domestic cough rcrnedies. (N. S. Disp.) Root; has been used as nn adulterant for Belladonna (IIol~nes) . Cultivated. Spnringly introduced in waste places.

640. Melilotws alba Desr. Wliite Melilot, Wliite Millet, Wliitc Sweet Clover, IToney TJOCUS, I3olrlinra clove^^, Sweet Melilot, Sweet Lucerne. Biennial herb; properties of N. officimdis (L.) Lam. Introduced in waste ground-rondsides.

641. *hleliEotus oficillalis (L.) I~am. Yellow Mclilot, Yellow Millet, Yellow Sweet Clover. IIcrb (annual or biennial). Dried lenf and flowering top; local nnoclyne, emollient, convulsive (nnalgesic properties). Cultivnled. Waste plnces.

642. N u c w a pricriens (L.) DC. Cownge, Cowlinge. Climbing plwlt. Hairs from the pods; reputed anthelmintic, irritant. Seeds; diuretic (N. S. Disp.). 13xotic, tropics. Cnltivatecl.

643. Orophaca caespitosa Brit. Lorn illills Vetch. Herbaceous plant; reported poisonous to stock. Requires study. Ranges, California.

644. Prosopis jzc2ifEora (Sw.) DC. ~ e s ~ u i ! , Honey Mesquit, floney Locust, Locust Mesquit, Casl~aw. Herbaceous plant; astringent. Leaves and frui t ; yield a blue dye. Seeds ; contain sugar, Indians used pods and seeds as food and beverage. Uurnrny exudate; used as a n insecticide. California. Moist localities.

645. Prosopis pzclrescens Benth. Screw Bean, Screw-pod, Tor- nillo. Use similar to P. julifiora (Sw.) DC. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 253-265, 1879.) (U. S. Geog. Surv. 3: 607.) (U. S. aeol. Surv. Wheeler's Rep. Bot. 6 : 42.) California. Moist localities.

646. Psoralea corl~lifoEia Roxb. Baucllee Seed, Bawchang Seed, Malay Tea. Herb and seeds; tonic (cutaneous), alterative. Useful in the treatment of white leprosy? Exotic, East Indian. California (in dry woods).

647. Psoralea physodes Dougl. Herbaceous plant; employed as an emtnenngogue, tonic. Study required. Leaves; used for tea. Common in dry, open woods.

648. I'swaleo dcnzciflora I'ursh. Scurfy Pea. Herbaceous plant ; reported poisonous. S1;udy required. Dry open lands and woods.

64.9. Robinin pseztdacacia TJ. T~ocust Tree, Yellow Locnst, North American I J O C ~ ~ Tree, Bastard or False Acacia, Whya Tree. Tree. Bark of root ; narcotic, tonic, emetic, emmenagogue. Ornamental tree.

660. Sopitova japonica L. Pagoda-tree, Yen-ju. Shrub to tree. 13nds and flowers; purgative, laxative. Seeds; narcotic (poisonous allrnloid). Exotic. Cultivated, ornamental tree.

651. "l'antarindz~s ilzdicn 11. Tamarind, Tamarind Tree. Tree. Fru i t ; refrigerant, laxative, flavoring agents. Leaves (flowers and fruits) ; furnish yellow dye. Bark; decoction used for astlmm. Exotic, India and Africa. Cultivated, Southern Cali- fornia.

662. *l'rifoliwn pra,te?uc IJ. Red Clover, Meadow or Purple Clover, Cow Clover. Perennial herb. Flowers; alterative, sedative. Other clovers are worthy of study. (Proc. A. Ph. A., 29 : 222,1881.) Common. Exotic, Europe. Cultivated.

653. Trigonella foenzcm-graecum L. Fenugreelr. Sinall her%, Plant ; used in veterinary practice. Seeds ; demulcent, mucilaginous (plasters, poultices). Exotic. Cultivated. California.

654. Ulex europaeus IJ. Furze, French or Great Furzo, Priclrly Broom, Thorn Broom, Ruflet. Small spiny shrub. Seeds; reputed useful in cardiac dropsy. Possesses an alkaloid (Ulex- ine), similar to cytisine. (U, S. Disp.) Exotic. European plant established in a few places. Cultivated, California (ornamental plant).

655. Wistaricc chinensis DC. Wistaria. Climbing plant; contains a crystalline poisonous glucoside. (Pharm. Journ. Trans. Oct., 1886.) Requires study (Sclinoidcr.) Coin~rion ornamental.

Liliaceae 656. Alliunt bolanderi Wats. Bolander's Onion, Wild Onion.

Pungent bulbous herb. Reputed diuretic, emmenngogue. Use- ful in renal disorders. Indians used bulbs as food. Sislriyou Mts,, Southern Oregon to Mendocino County, California. Humboldt County, Calif.

657. AEliurn falcifoliunz. H. and A. Scythe-leaved Onion. Zlerba- ceous plant. Properties diuretic. TJsed by Indians as food. Coast ranges from the Sislriyou Mts., Oregon, to Sonoma County, California. On serpentine outcrops.

658. *Alliunt sativunt L. Garlic, Allium, Clown's Treacle, Poor- man'a Treacle. Perennial herb. Fresh bulb ; esculent, diuretic, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, rubefacient, expectorant, stimulant, diaphoretic. Cultivated.

659. Alliwn Sckoenoprasnzunt L. Chives, Rush Garlic, Clive Garlic, Shore Onion. Herbaceous plant. Leaves; edible, nutrient. Used in salads. (N. S. Disp.) Cultivated.

660. Alliunt species. Pungent bulbous herbs. Indigenous species of wild onion, all having properties common to A. satiuunt L. (some of which are poisonous), A. attenzcifotium, A. brew- eri Wats., A. lacunosum, A. serratum Wats., A. ctnifoliunt Hell. Study required. Usually in heavy soil on serpentine outcrops. Valleys and foothills.

661. *Aloe Perrui Baker. Socotrine Aloes. Perennial (flesliy- leaf) herb. Inspissated juice of leaves; laxative, cathartic, purgative. Exotic. Cultivated, California.

662. *Aloe Vera L. Barbadoes Noes, Hepatic Aloes, Curacao Aloes. Perennial herb. Inspissated leaf-juice ; laxative, cathartic, purgative. Exotic. Cultivated, California.

G63. *Asagmea oflicinalis Lindl. Cevadilla, Snbgdilla, Indian Barley. Bulbous herb. Seeds ; poisonous, insecticide, counter- irritant (source of Veratrine) . Cultivated.

664. Brodiaea capitata Benth. Indian Potato, Common Saitas, Brodiaea. Bulbous, plant. Nutrient (used as food). Requires study. Dry open ridges and grassy fields. Southern Oregon to northern Lower California.

665. Brodiaea lactea Wats. Wild Hyacinth, California Hya- cinth. Bulbous plant. Bulbs; used by Indians as food. Re- quires study. Moist, heavy soil. British Columbia south through the Pacific states to San Luis Obispo and Tulare Counties, California.

i 666. Calochortt~s macrocarpus Dougl. Q-reen-banded Star Tulip,

Mariposa. Lily. Bulbous plant. Bulbs; used by Indiana as food. Allied species worthy of consideration are: C. concolor Purdy and C. nutallii Torr. Juice of bulbs; reputed injurious

i to eyes of Indians (Hall). Study required. Dry plains and hillsides. British Columbia to Northern California. Dry, barren grounds around the great falls of the Columbia. East of the Cnscade Mts., extending from Washington to Modoc County, California.

667. Camassia esculenta Lindl. Eastern Quamash or Camass, Wild Hyacintli. Glabrous bulbous plant. Bulbs; esculent. Swamp lands, California.

668. Cccntassia leichtiqtii Baker. Camas. Bulbous plant; impor- tant Indian food (bulbs). Requires study. Wet meadows.

669. Cltlorogalum angustifoliunz ICell. Narrow-leaved Amole, Soap-root, Soap-bulb. 13ulbous plant. Used as detergent. Re- quires study. Dry open hillsides. Redding, south through the foothiIls to Tuolome and Mendocino Counties, California. Shasta, Calif.

670. Chlorogalum pomem'dianum Kunth. California Soap-root, Common Soap Plant, Soap-apple, Amole. Bulbous plant. Bulbs; reputed detergent (antiseptio for nloers and sores), diuretic, laxative. Poisonous (stupefy fish). (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. 111) 319.) Open valleys and footl~ills, espe-

cialIy in stony ground. Upper Sacramento Valley and Mendo- cino County, California.

671. Clintonia andvewsiana Torr. lEed or Purple Clintonia. Herb; reputed diuretic, demulcent, mild tonic. (Rellogg, Trans. State Agr. Soc., p. 148.) Sub-Alpine woods. Shady woods near the coast. California coast range. Hurnboldt County to Monterey.

672. Distic7dis spicata Glreene. Salt-grass. Perennial herb. Re- puted to be of medicinal value-dyspepsia. Requires study. (Schneider.) California (salt marshes).

673. Erpthroniztnt giganteurn Lindl. Giant Pawn Lily, Dog- tooth Violet. Lorn herb. Plant ; alterative (emetic). Lenvcs and roots (corms) ; applied as poultice to scrofulous tumors, ulcers by Indians. Requires study. Stony ridges, Vancouver Island to Southern Oregon.

674. Fritillaria la~zceolata Pursh. Purple Rice-bulbed F'ritil- laria, Mission Bells, Guinea-hen Plower. Bulbous lierb. 13nlbs; esculent, nutrient. Requires study. Meadows-coast region. Cultivated.

675. Pritillnria pidica (Pursh) Sprengel. Yellow Pritillarin, Yellow Bell. Bulbous herb. 13ull)s ; formerly used by lndinns as food. Requires study. Sliaded slopes and along streams British Coltunbia, Western Washington and south near the coast to Northern California.

676. Le~~cocrinuna nto?ctanunt Nutt. Mountain Lily, Wild Hya- cinth. 'Herbnceous plant ; poisonous, Requires study. I n low, moist ground. Oregon and Northern California.

677. Lilizsm candiduwc IJ. White Lily, Madonna Lily, Annun: ciation Lily, Juno's Rose. Herbaceous perennial. Reputed useful in the treatment of dropsy. (Schneider.) Cultivated.

678. Liliuwt tigriazcnt Andr. Tiger Lily, Crumple Lily. Peren- nial herb. Bulbs ; esculent. Pollen ; reputed hydragogue, cathartic, sedative, emetic. Requires study. (U. S. Disp.) Exotic. Cultivated.

679. Quamasia quarnasl~ (Pursh) Coville. Common Camas, Death Cnmas. Bulbous herb. Poisonous. This species is probably closely related to Cantdssia esclilellla T~indl. Requires study. Wet mountnin meadows (Canada). British Columbia and coastal range of Northern California. Montana and Utah.

680. *Urginea ntariiinta (L.) Baker. Squill, Sea Onion. Peren- nial lierb. Bulb ; expectornnt, emetic, diuretic (rat poison). Exotic, southern Europe. Sandy localities. Cultivated.

681. Yucca jilamentosa IJ. Adam's-needle, Adam's-needle-and- thread, Eve's-thread, Tliead-and-needle, Eve's'-darning needle. Fibrous plant. lEeputed stimulant. Used by Indians as a cleansing agent. Possesses saponin. Used in beverages to pro- duce foam. Requires study. (U. S. Disp.) (N. S. Disp.) Cnl- tivated.

682. Yucca moltavensis Sarg. Mojave Yucca, Wild Date, Soap- weed, Spanish Bayonet. Fibrous plant. Fruit; astringent (used by Indians as food). Root ; substitute for soap (detergent). (U. S. Geog. Surv. Wheeler's Rep. 6: 608.) Other indigenous species as Y. whipplei Torr., used as food. Arid desert regions. Western edge of the Mojave Desert and northern Lower California, coastal region, San Gorgonio Pass. Foot- hills of Riverside and San Diego Counties, California.

683. Zygadenus elegans Pursh. Alkali-grass. Glabrous perennial herb. Poisonous. Constituents worthy of study. Rocky regions. California northward. Olympic Mountains, Flett.

684. Zygadenus venenosus Wats. Death Camass, Hog Potato. Perennial bulbous lierb. Bulb; poisonous-powerful cerebral excitant. Poultice reputed useful in the treatment of rheumatism, boils, sprains, bruises. Species of this group are usually poisonous and require study. Coast range, British Columbia to Monterey, California.

Linaceae

685. Linum catlta~*ticzmt L. Cathartic or Purging Flax, Fairy or Mountain Flax, Fairy Ling. Annual herb. Plant; cathartic. Reported useful as a rheumatic, in catarrhal affections, liver ailments, dropsy. The following species are worthy of consideration : L. adenopkyltzcm, L. brewerii, L. cnlifor?ticzc?)a, L. congestunt, L. lewisii, L. nticranthzcnt, L. spergulinum. Cul- tivated and escaped from cultivation throughout region.

686. "Linum usitatissa'ntunt L. Flaxseed, Linseed. Annual herb. Seeds ; emollient, demulcent ; source of Linseed Oil. Culti- vated, Columbia River basin, Western Oregon.

8 8 Lorant haceas

687. Mentxelia afinis areene. Prairie Lily. Herbaceous plant ; reported poisonous, Bequires study. California-prairies and ranges.

688, Meltbaelia laevicadis T. and Q. Blazing Star, Loasa. Her- baceous plant.' Leaves; reputed useful in skin affections and colic (decoction). (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: (No. 3) 369.) California, waste places. Open lands.

Lobeliaceae 689. Lobelia c d i n a l i s L. Cardinal-flower, Red Cardinal, Red

Lobelia, Hog-physic, Erect perennial plant. Herb; diaplioretic, alterative. American Indians used root and herb for syphilis nnd na vermifuge. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 97, p. 181, 1926.) Cultivated.

690. 'Lobelia injlnta L. Indian Tobacco, Lobelia, Bladder-pod, Wild Tobacco, Asthma-weed, aag-root. Annual herb. Leaves and tops (seeds) ; expectorant, antispasmodic, emetic. Culti- vated.

Loganiaceae 691. *Qelsemitcnt sencpedvens (L.) Pers. Yellow Jessamine,

Carolina Jasmine, Yellom Jasmine, Wild Woodbine. Perennial climbing woody vine. Dried rhizome and roots; nerve sedative, antispasmodic, astringent, convulsive, nauseant, mydriatic. Introduced from eastern and southern states. Woods and thickets. Cultivated.

692. Spigelia ntam'landica JJ. Pink Root, Carolina Pink, Indian Pink. Perennial herb. Dried rhizome. and roots; narcotic, antholmintic, irritant (poison), vermifuge. FIornoeopathic- cardiac diseases. American Indians-vermifuge. li'ormerly official in U. S. P. Cultivated.

Loran t haceae 693. Pi~oradendron jlavescens Nutt. Mistletoe, American Mistle-

toe, Cloldenbough. Parasitic plant; cardiac tonic, ecbolic, antispasmodic. Berries ; said to be poisonous. American Indians ground plant and drank hot-water mixture for stomacll chilIs. Cllewed leaves to relieve toothache. Powdered plant sprinkled

on saddle sores of horses. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb, 7: (111) 344.) (Am. Journ. of Pharm., 97, p. 258, 1925.) (U. S. Disp.) Parasitic on oak trees, Willamette Valley and southward.

694. Rnzoumofskya occidentalis IZuntze. Pipe Mistletoe, West- ern Dwarf Mistletoe. Parasitic plant. Indiarls used decoction of plant as stomachic to relieve colic. (Contrib. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7 : 3, 345.) Parasitic on Pinus species. Idaho south to Southern California. Oregon, on Pinzcs ponderosa.

Lycopotliaceae

695. *I,ycopodium clwatum L. Club-moss, Club-foot Moss, Vegetable Sulphur, Running Moss. Creeping perennial. Spores ; diuretic, absorbent (dusting powder). I n woods, rare. Moist coniferous woods, brushy slopes and boggy localities. Alaska south to Oregon. Cultivated.

696. Lpcopodium complanatum IJ. Trailing Christmas-green, Ground Cedar, Ground Pine. Creeping perennial. Spores; reputed to have properties similar to 1;. clawaturn IJ. Abundant at Lake ICeechelus, near the summit of Cascade range. Woods and thickets, Alaska to Northeastern Washing- ton. Conifcrotis dry wood.

G97. Lycopodium lucidd~cnt Michx. Shining Club-moss, Moon- fruit Pine, Trailing Evergreen. Creeping perennial. Reputed to have cathartic properties. Spores; no doubt similar to L. olavatunt L. In deep damp woods, rare.

Lythraceae

698. Lythrunt l~yssopifolia IJ. Hyssop Loosestrife, Brass Poly. I-Ierb ; astringent, demulcent, alterative. Requires study. Com- mon in dry pond beds.

Ly t hraraiaceae 699. Lawsonia alba Lam. Henna. Shrub. Reputed useful in

pulmonary affections, skin aflections, dysentery. Leaves; yield a dye. Shrub; contains a gum (labdanum). (Proc. A. Pb. A. 35 : 164, 1887.) Cultivated,

Magnoliaceae

700. Xlliciunz anbaturn Bartr. ( I . parvijloruln Vent.) Shrub. Bark (root) ; aromatic, tonic, resembles h s a f r a s . Decoction (gastro-intestinal irritant). Cultivated.

>

701. Zllicium religiosuvc Sieb. Sacred Anise Tree. Shrub. Bark ; used as incense. Leaves and frui t ; aromatic (spice and condiment). (U. S. Disp.) California. Cultivated.

702. "Illicium verum Hook. Chinese Anise Tree, Star-anise, Chinese Anise. Small tree. Frui t ; aromatic, carminative, spice, condiment. Source-Oil of Anise. Exotic, China. Cultivated.

703. *Lirodendrm tulipifera L. Tulip Tree, Tulip Poplar, Canoe-wood, Lyre Tree. Tree. Bark; febrifuge, bitter, tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic. California northward. Ornamental tree.

704. lllagnolia grandiflora L. Magnolia, Big Laurel. Tree. Bark and frui t (leaves) ; reputed to have medicinal virtues, stimulant, aromatic, tonic, diaphoretic, Has been used in malaria and rheumatism. American Indians drank: warm infusion of the bark, cones and seeds for rheumatism. Flowers reputed injurious. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 35: 147, 1887.) (Amer. Journ. of Phar., 97, p. 182, 1926.) (U. S. Disp.) Other species of Magnolia require study. Cultivated.

Malpighiaceae 705. Malpighia gla1)r.a L. Suriname Cherry, Barbadoes Cherr3;,

Nance Cherry. Glabrous shrub. Fru i t ; astringent, edible. Bark ; astringent-used in tanning. (Am. Journ. Pharin. 16 : 239.) Exotic, Mexico. Southern California.

Malvaceae 706. *Althasa ofici~calis L. IIarsh Mallow, White Mallow, Wy-

mote. Perennial herb. Dried roots and leaves; emollient, demulcent. Exotic. Cultivated in gardens.

707. Altliaea rosea (L.) Cav. Hollyhoclc, Althea Rose. IIairy stout biennial plunt. Flowers; reptxted mucilaginous, emollient. (Proc. A. Ph. A,, 30: 217, 1882.) Exotic, China. Cul- tivated.

708. *Qossy$um kerbaceuvit L. Cotton. Common Cotton. An- . nual plant. Hairs of the seeds; absorbent, protective. Bark of the roots; oxytocic, emmenagogue, ecbolic, parturient, uterine haemostatic. Seeds; nutrient, demulcent, source-Cotton- seed Oil. Cultivated, Bakersfield (Southern California).

709. IIibiscus califmnic~ts Rell. Rosemallow. Plant ; mucilaginous, Requires study. California.

Malvaceae 91

710, Xibbcus esczclentus L. Okra, Ochro, Gumbo. Stout erect annual plant. Unripe capsules ; mucilaginous, esculent. Flow- ers ; yield dye ( ?). Introduced (Old World tropics). Culti- vated.

711. Iiibiscus Rosa-siltewis L. Chinese Rose, China Rose. Chinese Hibiscus. Shrub to tree. Root; mucifaginous, demulcent. Bark; reputed emmenagogue. Flowers; source of black dye. Exotic, China. Introduced. Cultivated. Sub-tropical to tropical.

712. Lavatera assurgentifolia Kell. Tree Mallow. Shrub. Leavea ; mucilaginous, demulcent. Requires study. Islands Southern California and northward. Ranges.

713. Malva tnoschata L. Musk Mallow, Musk Plant. Perennial herb. Plant ; fragrant, mucilaginous, demulcent. Requires skudy. Introduced and locally abundant.

714. Nalva parviflora L. Mallow. Herb. Plant ; esculent, laxative, digestive. Seeds; demulcent. Reputed useful in pulmonary and urinary affections. A weed in waste lands.

716. *Nalua rotundifolia L. how or Common Mallow, Mallow, Ilutch-cheese, Doll-oheeses, Fairy-cheeses. Biennial herb. ~10we;s and leaves ; mucilaginous, demulcent (fruit nutrient). Native of Nurope, introduced in waste places.

716. *Maha sylvestris IJ. High Mallow, Common or Country Mallow, Cheese-flower, Pnncnlre Plant, Ground Doclr. Biennial herb ; l~lowcrs ; mucilnginous, demulcent. Exotic, Europe. Cultivated.

717. lllalvastrzcn~ coccineutn Uray. False Mallow, Moss Rose. Lorn perennial herb. Reported poisonous. Requires atudy. Clravelly and hilly localities. California northward.

718. Sidn hederaoea Torr. Mallow. Herbaceous plant ; reputed demulcent, laxative. Requires study, I n waste places. Abun- dant around Sacramento, California.

719. Sida puniculata L. Peruvian Mallow, Herbaoeous plant ; mucilaginous-reputed vermifuge. Substitute for hemp. Ex- otic, Peru. California.

720. Xida rhombifolia IJ. Queensland Hemp, Canary-island Tea- plant, Jelly-leaf. Erect annual herb. Leaves ; demulcent, expectorant (pulmonary affections). Exotic, Australia. Cul- tivated, California.

Melanthaceae 721. *Chamaelirium luteum (L. ) U ray. False Unicorn, Devil's

Rit, Helonias, Blazing Star, Fragrant perennial herb. Dried rhizome and roots; uterine tonic, diuretic, emetic, vermifuge, anthelmintia. Has been used as an adulterant for LYattguina?ia. Indians used the rhizomes and roots for colic, worms and fever. Cultivated. H~~oltias bullata is cultivated. (U. of Wash.)

722. Veratruh fimliriatum Gray. Fringed False Hellebore. Herbaceous plant. No doubt, this plant htw similar properties to V. viride Bit. Requires study. Wet meadows along the coast of northern Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, California. Plains west of the redwood belt.

723. Veratrzmt speciosutn Rydb. False Hellebore. Herbaceous plant. Constituents and properties of this plant, no doubt, similar to V. viride Ait. Requires study. Wet mountain meadows. Washington to T~ower California.

724. *Veratrum viride Ait. American Hellebore, Green Helle- bore, Green or American Veratrum, American White Helle- bore, Swamp Hellebore, Bug-bane. Perenninl herb. l t lhomo nrid roots; nrterinl sedative, irritnnt, emetic, I\CL'VOUR excitni~t, sternutatory. Swamps and wet woods, AIaslcn to Mt. Hood, Oregon.

Meliaceae 725. Aglaia odorata Lour, Evergreen shrub. Flowers ; fragrant.

Chinese use flowers in the manufacture of perfumes and sachet powders. Exotic, Cochin-China. Cultivated, Sot~thern Cali- fornia.

726. Nelia Azeda,rach L. Pride-of-India, China Tree, Pride-of- China, Africa or Indinn Lilac Tree, U'nlse Sycamore, Texns Umbrella Tree. Tree. Bark of root and bark; narcotic, cathnrtic, anthelmintic. Antiperiodic virtues. Seeds; yield oil-used ,

for burning purposes. Cultivated. Ornamental.

Menispermacene 727. *Jateorrltiza Mntata (Lam.) Miers. Cnlumba, Columbo.

Perennial climbing plant. Dried root; bitter tonic, stomacliic. Exotic, Africa. Cultivated..

Menyanthaceae 728. dlenyanthes trifoliata L. Buck-bean, 30;-bean, Brook-bean, .-

Bog Hop, Bog Myrtle, Marsh or Trefoil, Marsh Clover, Water Shamroclc. Perennial herb. Plant ; reputed cathartic, rheumatic. Leaves; bitter tonic, antiscorbutic, , emmenagogue, emetic, alterative (formerly offlcial). In sphagnum boge and shallow lakes.

Monimiaceae 729. *Peumus boldus Molina (Boldzt Boldus (Mol.) Lyons).

Large evergreen shrub. Boldo. Leaves; tonic, antispasmodic. Rteputed to have anaesthetic properties and used in catarrhal aflections of the urinary tract. Bark; astringent-tanning. Wood; absorbentcharcoal. Exotic, South American. Culti- vated, experimentally.

Moraceae 730. *Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis indica Lam.). Hemp,

Common Hemp, Hemp-weed, Marihuana, Chang, Qunjah, Indian Hemp, Annual herb. Flowering tops of the pistillate plant; intoxicant, anodyne, nerve sedative. Waste places and cultivated grounds. Exotic. Cultivated,

731. "Pioz~s carica IJ. Fig, Fici, Fig Tree, Small tree. Partially dried fruit; nutritive, demulcent, laxative, emollient. Culti- vated in wnrm regions. California. Northward as ornamental.

732. f icus elastioa Roxb. India-rubber Tree. Shrub to tree. Fruit ; edible, laxative. Cultivated. California.

733. Ficus i d o a L. Banyan Tree, Indian Fig. Shrub. Fruit ; edible. Properties similar to P. carica L. Cultivated. Cali- fornia.

734. ~ I ~ u ? n u l t u Zwplus L. Hop, Hop Vine, Hops. Perennial twining herb. Dried strobile, glandular trichomes ; bitter tonic, diuretic, sedative, anodyne. Poultices used by Indians to relieve swelling. Cultivated and escaped from cultivation. Western Oregon (Willamette Valley).

735. illaolura auranliaoa Nutt. Hedge, Osage Orange, Osage Apple, North American Bow-wood, Yellow-wood. Shrub to tree. Boot; yields a yellow dye. Leaves; food of silkworm. (Am. Journ. Pharm. 46 1 257.) Cultivated.

94 Nyricaceae

736. Norus alba L. Wliite Mulberry, Sillcworrn Tree, Chinese Mdberry. Tree. Fru i t juice; refrigerant (in fresh state). Bark of root; taenifuge, laxative. Cultivated.

737. Norus nigra L. Black Mulberry. Tree. Frui t juice; refrigerant. Bark of root ; tnenicide (flavoring). Exotic. Cult- tivated.

7 3 8 . ilfwus rwbra TJ. Red Mulberry, American Mulberry. Tree. Fru i t juice and bark of root; properties similar to M. nigra L. Introduced, cnl tivated, Calif ornia.

11 usaceae

739. Nusa sapientsna L. Common Banana, Adam's Fig. Stout herbaceous (shrub) plant, Pru i t and fruit pulp; nutritious (food). Medicinal value doubtful. Cultivated, Southern Cali- fornia. Qreenhouses--ornamental,

740. Nyrica californica C. and S. Cnlifornia Wax Myrtle. Shrub. Reputed to have similar properties to ilf. cerifera L. Requires study. Canyons and moist hillsicles of the coustal region. Puget Sound to Santa Monica Mts., California.

741. eNyrica Garoli?tensis Mill. Bayberry, Swamp Candleberry, Small Waxberry, Tallow Shrub. Shrub. Dried bark of the root; stimulant, tonic, astringent, emetic, sialagogue, errhine, narcotic. Leaves; formerly omcia1 in Frnnce (reputed abortifacient, emmenagogue) . Wax ; formerly used for candles. Cultivated, sandy swamps or woods.

742. 'Nyrica cerifera IJ. Wax MyrtIe, Bayberry, Tallow Bay- berry, Candleberry, Myrtle, Waxberry, Shrub or small tree. Bark of root ; stimulant, tonic, astringent, emetic, sialagogue, errhine, narcotic. Plant formerly used to make bayberry candles. Cultivated.

743. Mytica Bale IJ. Sweet Gale, Burren Myrtle, Bog Myrtle, Dutch Myrtle, Bay-bush, Sweet Willow. Bus11 to shrub. J~eaves and buds; tonic, vulnerary, nlterntive. Common along lake margins. Canada south to the n ~ o u n t n i ~ ~ s of Wnsllington.

744. Mgrica rubra. Japanese Wnxberry. lteputed to 11avc similar properties to M. cerifera IJ. Study required. Cultivated.

Nynzphaeaceae 95 . -

Myrtaceae

745. *Eucalyptus globulus Lab. Blue Bum Tree, Australian Fever Tree. Eucalyptus. Tree. Leaves ; aromatic, astringent, expectorant (bronchitis and asthma). Source-Oil of Euca- lyptus. Other species of Eucalyptus worthy of study. Intro- duced and cultivated, California.

1

746. Eugenia Jumbos L. Allspice, Rose Apple. Evergreen glabrous tree. Bark and leaves; aromatic, condiment. Study required. Cultivated, Southern California.

747. Eugenia ntichelii Lam. Cayenne or Surinam Cherry, All- spice. Evergreen shrub. Fruit ; esculent. Leaves and roots ; aromatic. Worthy of study. (U. S. Disp.) Cultivated. Southern California.

748. Eugenia pimento. Evergreen shrub. Probably has similar properties to above species. Study required. Cultivated. Southern California.

749. Aiyrtus conemunus L. Common Myrtle, Bridal Myrtle, Dutch Myrtle, Jew's Myrtle. Scented evergreen shrub. Leaves; aromabic, astringent, antiseptic (reputed nerve sedative and mucous membrane stimulant). Exotic, western Asia. Culti- vated.

Najadaceae

750. Ruppia ntaritima L. Ditch-grass, Tassel-grass, Tassel Pond-grass, Tassel Pond-weed. Herb. Plant ; reputed vul- nerciry. In salt ~narslies on seashores. British Columbirr to Soutlicrn California.

Nyctaginaceae

751. Abronia fragrans Esch. Fragrant Abronia. Prostrate herb. Flowers; fragrant. Requires study. (U. S. Beol. Survey. Wheeler's Report. Bot. 6 : 49.) Columbia River southward (Southern California).

752. Abronia latifolia Esch. Yellow Sand Verbena. Perennial prostrate pubescent herb. ProbnbIy would be useful in perfumery. Indians used roots as food. Along the seashore, Brit- ish Columbia to California.

Nymphaeaceae 753. Brasenia 8chrebet-i amel. Water-shield, Water-target,

Water-lea f, Frog-leaf, Water-lily. Aquatic herb. Leaves ;

96 Oleaceae

astringent (treatment of plitliisic and dysentery). Common in ponds and lakes.

754. Nymphaeu advelza Soland. Yellow Water Lily, Yellow Pond Lily, Cow Lily, Frog-lily, Beaver-root, Spatter-dock Aquatic herb. Rhizome, root ; astringent, emollient (demulcent). American Indians dried rhizomes (roots)-used as poultice for, healing cuts and swellings. Swamps, ponds, lowlands.

755. Nymphaea alba 5, White Water or Pond Lily. Aquatic herb. Roots; reputed to have aphrodisiac properties. (Am. Journ. Phar. 96: 1883.) Nyntpkaea ntexicana is cultivated. (Univ. of Wash.)

756. Nyntphaea ldea L. European Yellow Pond Ijiljr, Flatter Dock, Water-can, Water Colts-foot. Aquatic herb. Rhizomes; astringent, demulcent. (Am. Journ. Pharm. 96 : 1883.) Cul- tivated.

757. Nyntphaea odora,ia Ait, Sweet-scented Water I~ily, Water Nymph, Water Cabbage. Aquatic herb. Root; astringent, demulcent, aphrodisiac. Application in sore throat. Culti- vat,ed.

758. Nywtpltaen polpsepala (Engelm.) Cfreene. Westarn Yellow Pond Lily, Giant Yellow Pond Lily, Indian Pond T~ily. Aquatic herb. . Plant ; astringent. Seeds ; edible. Requires study. Common, Oregon southward. IClamath Falls;

Oleaceae 759. *ClcionantAus virgilticu L. Fringe Tree, White or Ameri-

can Fringe Tree, Old-man's-beard, Shavings Tree. Tree. Dried bark of the root; tonic, It-txative, febrifuge, nervine, reputed narcotic, alterative. Cultivated.

760. *Praxkirs anterica~~a TJ. Wliite Ash, American White Asli, Cane Ash. Tree. Dried bark; febrifuge (diaphoretic), diuretic, astringent. Leaves; anti-arthritic, laxative, cathartic, alterative. Rich woodlands. Cultivated.

761. Fraxinics oregana Nutt. Oregon Ash. Tree. Roots ; claimed to have medicinal virtues by Indians, mIio applied i t to flesh wounds received in bear hunts. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. 111) 378.) Properties doubtful. Common in low ground.

762. *Fra.x&tus Ornus L. Manna Asli, Flowering Asli, European

Manna Tree. Shrub or tree. Exudate; laxative, adjuvant. Exotic, cultivated.

763. Jaswtinmt species. Jasmine. Climbing or erect shrubs. Flowers; yield Oil of Jasmine, used in perfumery. Worthy of study. Cultivated.

764. Ligustrum vulgare L. Privet, rimw wort, 'Privy Saugh, Slredge, Shrub. Leaves ; astringent, bitter. Berries ; reputed purgative, yield dye. Cultivated.

765. *0lea europaea L. Olive, Olive Tree, oleaster. Small tree. Ripe fruit; nutritive, laxative, emollient, demulcent. Source- Olive Oil. Leaves and bark; febrifuge. Other varieties of olives cultivated.

766, Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac, Common or Scotch Lilac, Blue Ash, Roman Willow, Spanish Ash. Glabrous shrub to small tree. Leaves and fruit; reputed tonic and antiperiodic, alterative. Cultivated. Other species of Lilac cultivated.

Onagraceae 767. Boisduvalia densiflot-a Wats. Boisduvalia. Annual herb.

Seeds; used by Indians as food. Yields an oil. Requires study. Tn low meadows. (Piper ~ n d Beattie.)

768. Epilobium angzislijolium L. Qreat willow-herb, Purple Fire-weed, Fire-top, Burnt-weed, Indian Wicopy, Purple ItocluA,, Rme-bay, nny Willow, Flowering Willow, French or Persian Willow. Herb to subshrub. Plant ; astringent (domestic remedies, intestinal astringent). (N. 8. Disp.) Open woods, especially in burned-over areas. Cultivated.

769. Bpilobiz~m franciscanurn Barbey. Willow-herb. Herb; reputed useful in treatment of inflammatory conditions of the alimentary canal. (Schneider.) Vancouver Island to Cali- fornia.

770. Baura coccinea Pursh. Scarlet Gaura. Herbaceous plant. lteported poisonous. Requires study. California.

771. Uodetia albescelzs Lindl. Herbaceous plant. Leaves; (infusion) used as eye wash, (ointment) for chapped hands. Seeds; nutrient. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 1 (No. 3) 370.) Other species of Bodetia probably have similar virtues. Many species in California.

772. Isnardia palustris L. Marsh Purslane, Water Purslane, False Loose-strife. Succulent glabrous herb. Plant ; reputed

98 Orchidacene

lweful in the trentment of astl~tna nnd bronchial affections. Common on swamp and pond borders.

773. Oenotlcera biennis L. Common Evening Primrose, Tree Primrose, King's Cure-all. Usually large biennial Irerb. Plnnt ; mucilaginous, alterative, nntispasniodic (reputed useful in asthma and whooping-cougl~-ointmellt and decoction useful i n skin diseases). Fleshy roots; formerly used as food. In open places, especially near seashore. Cultivated.

774. Oenotlcera brevipes Qray. Evening Primrose. Herbaceous plant; probably has similar properties to above species. Indians used this plant and other species ns food. California northward.

775. Zauschneria californica Presl. Californin Fuchsia. Lorn hairy perennial. Leaves; reported uscd ns a cletergent and allsting powder for culs, wounds, sores (horses). California.

776. Botrychium virginianicm (Ti) Sw. Ratf;lesnalte Fern, Grape Fern, Moonwort. Succulent plant. Flesliy root; uscd by Indians in applicntion to cuts nnd bruises. ( h i . Journ. Phnrm. 97: 166, 1926.) Moist, rich woods. British Columbia southward to Oregon.

Orchidaceae 777. Corallorhiza macztlata Raf. Spotted Coral Root, T~arge Cord

Root, Dragon's-claws, Crawley-root. Scapose herb. ltliizome and roots; diaphoretic, febrifuge and sedative. (Eclectics.) Deep woods, low altitudes in the mountains. British Columbia south to Southern California.

778. Cypripedium califor~ticunt aray. California Lady's Hip- per. Perennial herb. Probably having similar properties to C. hirsululn Mill. Requires study. I n clamp soil and open woods; Sislriyou Mts., Southern Oregon, south to Marin and Plaoer Counties, California.

779. *Cypripediwn ltirsutum Mill. Yellow Lady's-slipper, Yel- low Moccasin-flower, Venus1-shoe, Venus,-cup, Yellow Indian- shoe, American Valerian, Nerve-root, Yellow Noah's Arlr, Monkey-flower;, Perennial herb, Rhizomes and roots; nervino, antispasmodic. 'Woods and wet mossy localities. Cultivated.

780. Cypripedium ntonlanum Dougl. Mountain Lady's-slipper.

Orobanchaceae 9 9

Pubescent herb. A species of Lady's-slipper with, no doubt, similar properties to C. hirszctunt Mill. Requires study. In moist woods. Vancouver Island sduthward to Mariposa and Santa Cruz Counties, California. (schneider.)

781. *Cypripedkunt parvijlorunt Salisb. malt Yellow Lady's- slipper. Perennial herb. Properties similar to C. hirsutwn Mill. I n moist woods, British Columbia, Washington and Ore- gon. Cultivated.

782. Cypripedium reginae Walt. Showy Ledy 's-slipper, Female Nervine, Pink Moccasin-Flower. Pubescent herb. Leaves and stems; possess active principle (oil). Should be studied. Other indigenous species of Cypripedium may be of interest. Bxotic. Introduced in boggy swamp lands.

783. Coodyera Menziesii Lindl. . Menzies' Rattlesnake Plantain, Peramium. Herbaceous (Scapose) plant ; reputed alterative. Requires study. In forests, British' Columbia south to Marin County and the Sierra Nevadas, California. Dry woods.

784. Lintodorunt giganteurn. Swamp Orohid. ~erbaceoua plant (decoction) ; reported to be used by Indians in cases of illness and to combat manias. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: No. 3, 330.) Swamps and marshes.

785. *Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Vanilla. Vanilla Bean. Suc- culent, epiphytic, terrestrial or parasitic, perennial climber. Cured, full-grown, unripe fruit; flavoring agent, carminative, aromatic stimulant,. aphrodisiac, nerve sedative, antihysteric, irritant. Bxotic, Mexico and tropics. Cultivated.

Orobanchaceae 786. Orohanclw califor&a C. and S. (Apliyllon.) Parasitic

plant; reputed to contain tannic acid. Requires study. Cali- fornia northward.

787. Orobaltche 2udovici'anunt Gray. Plant; bitter, used as food by Indians. Requires study. (U. of Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep., 1897-1898, p. 260.) (Cal. GTeol. Surv. Bot. 1: 585.) Parasitic on composite plants.

788. Orobaltche rcniflora L. Naked Broom-rape, Pale Broom- rape, Cancer-root. Parasitic plant on tree roots. Plant; astringent (application to ulcers, cancerous growths). Other species of Beech Drops have been used in intestinal ailments. Worthy of study. Woodlands.

Oxalidaceae 789. . Oxalis asetosella L. Wood Sorrel, White or True Wood-

sorrel, Wood-sour, Cuclroo's CIover, Sour Clover, Sheep Sorrel, Sour Trefoil, Low creeping herb. Plant; acidulous, diuretic, antiscorbutic, refrigerant. (Am. Journ. Phacm., page 252, 1882.) Deep woods and mountains.

790. Oxalis corniculata II. Yellow Sorrel, Lady's Sorrel, Yellow Wood-korrel. Low creeping herb, Probably similar to 0. asetosella L. Dry' or moist open oil.

791. Omlis oregana Nutt. Redwood Sorrel. Low stemless herb. Possesses acid potassium oxalate (acidulous refrigerant) . Requires study. I n deep woods, in footl~ills of mountains.

Palmae 792. Cocos liuaifera L. Cocoanut Palm, Coco Palm, Cocoanut

Tree, Coco-nut Palm. Tropical tree. Pixed oil expressed from the seeds; demulcent, ointment base. Mostly used in soaps. Juice; before maturity, diuretic. Cultivated. California.

793. *Serestoa serrulaia Hook. Saw Palmetto, Saw Palmetto Berries, Dwarf Pslmet,to, Fan Palm. Small shrub. l'nrtially dried, ripe f rnit ; nu tri the, tonic, iliarctic, sctlativc, cxpcc- torant, aphrodisiac. Introduced, Southern Califon~io.

Papaveraceae 794. Argemone d b a Lestib. White Prickly-poppy, White or

prairie Poppy-thistle. Pricldy herb. Plant, seeds; 'acrid, uar- cotic, emeto-cathartic. Oil of seeds; purgative. Exotic. Cul- tivated.

796. Argentone mexicana L. Mexican Poppy, Mexican Prickly- /

poppy, Jamaica Yellow Thistle, Yellow Poppy-thistle, Thorn Poppy. Prickly herb. Plant (seeds) ; acrid, narcotic, emeto- cathnrtic. Oil of seeds; purgative-for colic. Millc acrid juicc; has been used for cutaneous diseases (externally), warts, chancres. Waste places. Cultivated. California.

796. Boccoltia cordata WilId. Tree Celandine, Plume Poppy. Large perennial herb. Root ; acrid, bitter, sternutatory. Barlc ; reputed n~rcotic, pungent, bitter-similar to #a?tgid?taria. (Proc. A. Ph. A,, 1900, p. 128,) Exotic, China, Japan. Cul- tivated.

797. Capnoides scoulem' (Hook.) Kuntze. Perennial herb. Tubers; possibly have medicinal virtues-emmenagogue, anthelmintic, similar to Capnoides tuberosum (DC.) Lyons. Requires study. In moist woods, rare, at 500-1000 m. altitude; in some places at sea level. (Piper and Beattie.)

793. Chetidonium majus L. Celandine, Garden or Greater Celandine, Felonwort, Kill-wart, Tetter-wort, Wart-weed. Herb; irritant, cathartic, anthelmintic. Exotic, Europe. Cul- tivated and weed.

799. Eschscholtxia californica Cham. California Poppy. Annual to perennial herb. Plant; reputed soporific, analgesic (action similar to Opium, but without objectionable effects. Detergent. This plant and Eschscholtzia DozcgZwG used by Indians as emetic, reduce milk flow, relieve colic, toothache, and applied to sores and ulcers in form of poultice. Worthy of study. In open prairies, Willamette Valley southward. Oregon, Cali- Tornia.

800. *Papaver sonz~ziferum L. Opium Poppy, Opium Plant, Poppy. Annual herb. Milky exudation of incised unripe capsules (dried unripe fruit and flowers) ; narcotic, hypnotic, sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne. Source of Opium. Exotic. Cultivated. Also P. somniferzcm var. album (L.) DC., P. californicum and P. orientale. Well-manured soils.

801. Romrzeya Coulteri Harv. California Tree Poppy, Matillija Poppy. Perennial herb to subshrub. Indians of Lower Cali- fornia reported to have used this plant and R. trichocolyx Eastwood for their curative powers. (Schneider.) Native of Southern California. Ornamental plant.

802. *lYarcguinaria canadensis L. Blood-root, Red Puccoon, Red Indian Paint, Red-root. Low perennial he~b. Dried rhizome and roots; sialagogue, expectorant, emetic, emmenagogue, sternutators tonic, alterative, stimulant. Indians use red juice as dye for skin and baskets. Rich open woods. Culti- vated.

Papilionaceae 803. Aragatlus species. Usually acaulescent perennials. The

active constituents, physiological and toxic properties, of the following plants require study: Aragallus closely related to the Astragalus species. Most of the species listed are claimed

102 Parmeliaceae

to be poisonous to stock: A. Besseyi, A. lagopus Greene, A. lambertii (Pursh) Greene, A. splendens Greene, A. spicatus Ryd., Astragalus blmkimhippi Nels., A. drummondii Dougl., A. horlzii Gray, A. lentighosus, A. leucopsis Torr., A. lenti- gircosus fremontii Wats., A. lentiginosus Dougl. var. fremontii, A. rnatthswsii Wats., A. menziesii Gray, A. mo2lissimus Torr., A. bmticus biszllcatus, cultivated U. of Wash. (U. S. Disp.) Mountainous regions. Range weeds.

804. *Baptisia tinotoria (L.) R. Br. Baptisia, Wild Indigo, Indigo-weed, American Indigo, Indigo Broom, Broom Clover. Perennial herb. Dried root ; antiseptic, emeto-cathartic, alterative (evacuant), hepatic, stimulant. Blue dye-inferior to Indigo. Cultivated.

805. Colutea arborescens L. Bladder Senna, Bastard Senna. Shrub. Leaves ; cathartic, purgative (substitute for Senna). Smoke of leaflets ; reputed errhine. Cultivated-ornamental.

806. Crotalarirc sagittalis L. Rattle-box, Wild Pea, Loco-weed. Annual pubescent herb. Plant ; reported poisonous-intoxicant effect on stock. Requires study. Range not definitely reported. Sandy soil.

807. Cytisus labzcrnum L. Laburnum, Bean-trefoil, Golden Chain, Golden-shower, He-broom, False Ebony. Large shrub to small tree. Seeds; sedative, soporific, aperient. Plant; poisonous. Reputed useful in asthma, dyspepsia. Exotic, southern Europe. Cultivated in California--ornamental.

808. *Cytisus scoparius L. Scotch Broom, Irish Broom, Broom- tops, Hag-weed. Evergreen shrub. Plant tops; diuretic, cathartic, reputed useful in cardiac affections (poisonous, emetic). Other species of Cytiszcs worthy of study. Cultivated throughout coast region (ornamental plant). Roadsides, Lin- coln County, Western Oregon.

Parmeliaceae 809. "Roccelb timtoria Ach. Archil, Orchil, Orchella, Dyer's

Moss. Lichen. Plant; yields a dye (laomus). Useful in the eoloring of pharmaceutical preparations (dyeing industry). Other lichens worthy of consideration are species of Cetraria, Ramalina, Stiota, Uqnea, Alectoria, Euernia. Abundant in Lower California. Seacoast (waters).

Piperaceae 103

Passifloraceae 810. Carica papaya 5. Papaw, Pawpaw, Papaya, Melon Tree,

Custard Apple. Shrub to tree. Milky juice of unripe fruit (contains digestive fermentpapain) ; highly diuretic, cardiac sedative-similar to Digitalis. Useful in dyspepsia and gastric catarrh. Externally-for warts and skin infections. Proper- ties of pepsin. Indians wrapped meat with leaves and dressed wounds with' leaves. Exotic, tropical America. Cultivated, Southern California and northward.

811. Carica quercifolia. .Shrub. Leaves of this papaw yield papain, having similar properties to C. papaya L. Used as a substitute for pepsin. Juice of fruit also used. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 331, 1879.) California.

Pedaliaceae 812. Martynia louisiana Mill. Elephant b trunk, Unicorn-plant,

Devil's-claw, Toe-nails. Herb; properties uncertain. Culti- vated (U. of Wash.).

813. *Sesamum indicum L. Benne, Sesame, Oil-plant. Annual herb. Leaves; demulcent, emollient. Seeds; source of Oil of Sesame. Properties similar to Olive Oil. Exotic. Cultivated.

Phytolaccaceae 814. Phytolacca acinosa. Japanese Poke-root. Herbaceous plant ;

reputed diuratic-with poisonous properties. (Schneider.) Exotic, Japan. Cultivated experimentally in California.

815. *Phytolaoca decandra L. Poke Root, Pigeon Berry, Gar- get, Polre-weed, Red Ink Plant. Smooth perennial herb. Dried root and fruit; purgative, emetic, alterative. Used by Indians as purgative and emetic. Introduced. Cultivated.

816. Ph~/tolacca dioica L. Tree Poke, Bellasombra Tree, Umbra Tree. Evergreen tree. Properties similar to P. decandra. Exotic, South America, India and Mediterranean region. Cali- fornia.

Piperaceae 817. *Piper rtigrum L. Black Pepper Plant, Common Pepper,

Black Pepper. Perennial climbing or trailing vine. Unripe fruit; antispasmodic, counter-irritant, stomachic, stimulant, condiment. Exotic, Cultivated.

104 Podemoniaceae

Pittosporaceae 818. ~ittosporzcm umdulatum Nutt. Australian Coffee Tree,

Victorian-box, Mock Orange. Flowers ; yield volatile oil. Seeds ; resinous exudate. 'Requires study. Other species also exist. Exotic, Australia. . ~ultivated-ornamental, California.

I I

Plantaginaceae 819. Plantago lanceolata L. Rig-grass, Ripple-grass, Ribwort,

English , Plantain, Snake Plantain, Blackjacks, Chimney- sweep, Dog's-rib, (Tack-straws, Long Plantain, Ram's-tongue, Rat-tail. Herb ; haemostatic, vulnerary. Seeds ; mucilaginous, laxative. Common in lawns, grass lands and meadows; introduced.

820. Plantago major L. Psyllum, Common Plantain, Plantain, Bird-seed Plantain, Greater Plantain, Door-yard Plantain. Herb ; properties and uses of P. lamceolata L. In waste places ; lakes and sea beaches.

821. Plantago patagonka oalifontioa. Herb ; reported poisonous I --emetic, purgative, diuretic. Requires study. Moist localities I near seashore. California.

822. Plantago patagomica nuda Gray. Rerbaceous plant. Seeds ; eaten by Indians as food. No doubt, propertiea similar to above species. Requires study. (Calif. Qeol. Surv. Bot. 2 : 478.) Near California seacoast.

' Plumbaginaceae 823. Statice armer&'L. Maiden Pink, Thrift, European Thrift,

Cliff Rose, Cushion Pink, Ladies'-cushion, Sea-cushion, Sea Daisy, Sea Pink, Sea Thrift. Perennial herb. Plant ; reputed diuretic. Root ; astringent. Requires study. Sandy localities. British Columbia to California.

Polemoniaceae 824. Collomia gracilis Dougl. , Collomia. Annual herb. Seeds ;

mucilaginous, refrigerant (Mexican drink " Chia"). (E. Palmer.) Requires study. Southern California to Mexico (also northward).

825. Qilia aggregata Spreng. Gilia. Herbaceous plant ; reputed drastic purgative-infusion of plant, tonic, febrifuge. Used

Polygonaceae 105

by Indians (substitute for Cascara). Requires study. Common on ranges.

826. Qilia cotuaefolia Steud. Herbaceous plant ; aromatic, tonic, laxative. Requires study. Prairies and ranges.

827. ailia squarrosa Hook. Sltunlr-weed. . Herbaceous plant. Properties similar to Ct. aggregata. ~ e ~ u i r e s study. Common prairies.

828. Qilia virgata fEoccosa. Herbaceous plant. This species of Uilia probably has similar properties to the above species. Requires study. (Schneider.) ,California.

829. Linantlcus oiliaCus ffreene. California Bilia, Herbaceous plant; reported to have been used in the form of an infusion by Indians as a treatment for bronchial and pulmonary affections (blood purifier). , (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: No. 3, 381.) California.

830. Navarretia squwrosa (Esch.) Hook. a i d Am. Skunk-weed. Herbaceous plant; probably has similar properties to the Qilias. Requires study. (Schneider.) Common in open places.

Polygalnceae 831. Polygnla Boylcinii Nutt, White or False Senega. Perennial

herb. 1Eoot; acrid, stimulant, expectorant, irritant. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30 : 1882.) Moist 'localities.

832. *Polygala-8enega L. Senega Snakeroot, Seneca Snakeroot, Seneca Itoot, ltattlesnalce Root, Mountain Flax. perennial herb. Root ; acrid, bitter, stimulant, expectorant, alterative. Cultivated-woods and rocky soils.

Polygonaceae 833. Eriogonunc fasciculatum Benth. Wild Buckwheat. Herba-

ceous plant. Leaves; used by Coahilla Indians in form of tea to relieve colic, headaches.. Flowers; used m eye-wash. Reputed to be useful in pulmonary and bronchial affections. California and northward.

834. Eriogomm jiavzcnt Nutt. Herbaceous plant. Reported poisonous. Requires study. Cultivated-ornamental.

885. Eriogomsm lceraolioides Nutt. Herbaceous plant. Reported poisonous. Requires study. California.

836. Eriogonunt latifolium Smith. Sour-grass. Herbaceous plant. heaves, roots and stems ; reputed useful in the form

of decoction for colic, eye-wash, I~eadncl~c nnd fomnle disorders in general. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : No. 3, 345.) Cali- fornia.

837. Eriogonum nudunc Dougl. Blood-root. 13erenninl herb. Plant ; reputed useful in pulnlonary affections (blood purifier). Study required. Upper Willamette Vallcy and southward. (Piper and Beattie.)

838. En'ogmttwt virgatunt Benth. Wild Buckwheat. Herbaceous plant; reputed useful in bronchial affections. Requires study. California and northward.

839. Polyg~ni tn~ antphibiunt L. Water Persicaria, \Villow-weed, Willow-grass, Ground Willow, Red-shanlcs. Perennial aquatic herb. Plant ; astringent (substitute for Sarsaparilla). I n ponds and lakes. Common.

840. Polygonunt aviculare L. Knot-grass, Door-grass, Beggar- weed, Bird-grass, Cow-grass, Crnb-meed, Uoose-grnss, Hog- weed, Iron-grass, Sparrow-tongue, Stone-weed, Way-grass. Annual herbaceous plant ; astringent. Seeds ; reputed emetic, cathartic. Used by Indians in kidney affections. Fibrous roots; quinine substitute. (Contrib. U. S. Nnt. IIcrb. 7 : 3, 345.) Common weed.

841. P o l y g ~ t w n bistm-toides Pursh. Smart-weed. I-Ierbnceous plant; acrid-similar properties to abovo species. Requires study. Moist meadows in the mountains.

842. Polygmtum hgdropiper I;. Water-pepper, Smart-meed, Bit- ing lrnot-weed, Biting Persicaria, Bite-tongue, Red-lrneeu, Red- shanb. Glabrous annual herb. Plant ; acrid, diuretic, astringent. Reputed useful in lridney affections. Yields a yellow dye. I n wet or moist ground. Not common. Apparently introduced.

843. Polygonunt ntultiflorun~. Herbaceous plant. Roots; ediblc (bitter on boiling). (Sclineider.) Requires study. California. Moist localities.

844. Polygonunt nodosum Pers. Herbaceous plant; reputed to be similar to P. hyclrop~per L. Requires study. California. Moist localities.

846. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Americnn Smart-weed, Water Smart-meed, Arsmart, Turkey-troop. Herb; acrid, diuretic, diaphuretic, emmenagogue. (Proc. A. PIi. A. 27: 147, 1879.) In wet localities.

846. PoZygonwa viviparzm L. Alpine Bistort, Serpent-grass. alabrous perennial herb. Plant ; acrid. Rhizome ; astringent. Alpjne summit, northern Cascade range.

847. *IZheunt oflicinale Baill. Chinese Rhubarli Plant. Perennial herb. Root; laxative, cathartic, astringent. Exotic, China and Thibet. Cultivated, coast region.

848. "Rlceunt palntatum L. Rhubarb Plant, Russian Rhubarb, 14uropean Rhubarb. Perennial herb. Properties of B. .ofici- nale Baill. R. giganteunt also cultivated ( U . of Wash.) Hxotic. Cultivated, coast region.

840. Rumex acetosella L. Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel, Horse or Cow Sorrel, Field Sorrel, Common Sorrel, Mountain or Red-top Sorrel, Red-weed. Glabrous perennial herb. Root; astringent. Leaves; acrid, refrigerant. A common weed.

850. 'Ru~nex orispus L. Yellow Dock, Curled Doclr, Sour Doclr, Bitter Doclr, Narrow Dock. Qlabrous perennial herb. Root; laxative, purgative, alterative (tonic), astringent. An introduced European weed. Waste and cultivated soils.

851. Rumex hyntenasepalus Torr. Wild Pie-plant. Herbaceous plant and root; astringent-tanning, Indians used this plant 11s a food. California southward.

852. *IZuntcx obtusifolius L. Blunt-leaved Dock, Broad-leaved or Bitter Doclc, Butter Dock, Fiddle Dock, Common Dock. Perennial herb. Root; properties similar to R. orispus L. Troublesome weed, exotic from Europe.

853. Bumex scutatus L. French Sorrel. Herbaceous plant. Properties reputed similar to R. acetosella L. Bxotic. Culti- vated. (U. of Wash.)

Polypodiaceae 854. ddiantzcnt Capillus-i7eneris L. Maiden-hair, Lady's-hair,

True or Black Maiden 's-hair, Venus 's-hair Fern. Perennial fern. Plant ; astringent, expectorant, emmenagogue. Shaded banks and rocky ravines-Southern California and Mexican border region.

855. ddiantum pedatttnt L. American Maiden-hair, Hair Fern, Rock Fern. Perennial fern. Plant; reputed useful in bronchial and catarrhal affections. Properties similar to A. Cap& lus-Veneris I;. Other species of Maiden-hair Fern which

require study are: A, nigwnt, A. pedatwnt alezdicunt Itupr. Wet lands and moods. Alaska to California,

856. +Aspiddurn filix-mas Swartz, Aspidium, Male Fern, Rnslret Fern, Knotty Brake. Perennial fern. lllhizomes and stipes; anthelmiritic, taenicide, vermifuge. Cultivated. Cnnndn rocky moods, Oregon, Southern CnliPornia. (in San Bernardino Mts.).

857. Athyrium cyclosorunt Rupr, Perennial herb. Properties uncertain. Requires study. Reported similar to A. filix foe- mina. Common in swampy places. Alaslm southward.

858. "&yopte?is ntarginale L, Evergreen Wood-fern, Marginal- fruited Shield-fern. Perennial fern. Rhizomes (stipes) ; similar to A. filix-ntas Swartz. Other existing species of Dryopteris require study. Moist, shady places.

859. Qyntnogranzma t~'ian.gdnris Iiaulf. Qolden I3nclc Fern. Filices ; reported used medicinally by Indinns and Spaniards. Yields ceroptene. (Contrib. U. X. Nat, Herb. 7: 3, 303.) (W. C. Blasdale, Erythraea, 1: 252-258, 1893.) (Schneider.) Native of California.

860. Polypdiwm calif ornicutn Rnulf. Polypody Fern. Plant juice; reported used by Indians for sores and rl~eulnntism .(sore eyes). Root; probably has expectorant nnd diuretic properties. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : 3, 303.) IEoclr crev- ices, rocky soil, constal region. Common in Lower California.

861, Polypodium occidentale (Hook.) Naxon, Western Licorice Fern. Plant (root-stoclcs) ; properties, no doubt, similar to above species. Requires study. Comnlon among roclrs, logs and trees, Alaska to California.

862, Potypodiunt vulgare L. Common Polypody, Zver-fern, Golden Polypody, Golden-locks, Moss Fern, Mall Fern, Wood Fern. Rhizome; diuretic, expectorant. Cultivated.

863. Po 1 y tricltztnt juniperinwnt Redw. Hair-cap Moss, Rear 's- bed, Mayqueen Moss, Robin's Rye. A moss. P l m t ; reputed diuretic. Other species, no doubt, 11nve similar properties. (U. S. Disp,) Common, California and northwnrcl. ,

864. Pteridiuns aquilinunt pubescens Underw. Cliff-brake, West- ern Braclren. Large coarse fern. Plnnt ; reputed nntllelmintic, diuretic (veterinary). Rhizomes; eaten by Indinns as food. '

Requires study. I n rich, moist woods and thickets (newly tilled lands). British Columbia to California.

Proteaceae . . 100

865. Pteris ( P t e d i u n t ) aquililza L. Bracken Fern. This fern and the above species, no doubt, are closely related or identical plants. Require study. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 3, 304.) Moist woodlands, California northward.

1

Polyporiaceae 8G6. Polyporus species. Bracket or Shelf Fungi. Edible.

Medicinal propertiee uncertain-haemostatic, absorbent, astringent, purgative., Requires study. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Serb. 7: 800.) Moist woodlands; deep woods.

Portulaccaceae 867. Lewisia rediviva Pursh. Bitter-root, ~obacco:root. Low

fleshy, stemless herb. Roots and inner bark; used as food by Indians (starch). (Calif. Qeol. Surv. Bot. 1: 78.) (Am. Journ. Pharm., 1889.) I n mountainous altitudes.

868. Portulaca oleracea L. Common Purslane, Parsley. Low annual fleshy herb. Plants and seeds; reputed vulnerary and antiscorbutic, refrigerant, mild diuretic (useful in catarrhal affections of the genito-urinary tract, scurvy). Seeds; considered anthelmintic (but inert). Plant; ' used by Indians. Introduced as weed in some localities.

869. Anagallis arvensis IJ. Scarlet Pimpernel, Weather-glass, Red Pimpernel, Chick-weed, Shepherd%l-cloclr, Shepherd's Weather-glass. Annual procumbent herb. Plant ; acrid (active ferment-digesting raw meat). Poisonous to animals (horses and dogs). Reputed useful in treatment of rheumatism. Local application to ulcers (folk remedy-consurnption, dropsy). I n fields and waste places. Exotic, Europe;

870. Lysimochia ltz~mwwlaria IJ. ~ o n e ~ w o k t , Creeping Loose- strife, Creeping Jenny, Two-penny Grass, Wandering-Jenny, Wandering-sailor. Glabrous creeping herb ; reputed astringent, vulnerary. Exotic, Europe. Portland, Oregon. (Qorman.)

Proteaceae 871. Crevillea iobzcsda Cunningham. Silk Oak, Silky Oak.

Shrub to large tree. Properties uncertain. Exotic. Cultivated, ornamental. (U. of Wash.)

Punicaceae 872. *Punha granatunt L. Pomegranate, Pomegranate Tree,

Garnet AppIe. Tree. Dried root or bark of the stem ; taenicide (vermifuge and irritant), astringent. Cultivnted. Southern California.

Pyraceae 873. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. June-berry, Service-berry,

Pigeon-berry. Shrub. Berries ; used by Indians as food. Wood ; for arrows. Plant ; probably contains amygdnlin. Medicinal properties doubtful. Requires atudy. In open woods. Cali- fornia northward.

Pyrolaceae 874. Nonotropa wniflora L. Indian Pipe, American Ice-plant,

Corpse-plant, Ghost-flower, Pipe-plant, Fairy-smoke, Convul- sion-root. Herbaceous, glabrous (colorless) plant. Root ; reputed antispasmodic, mild hypnotic. (N. S. Disp.) Damp woods.

875. Pityopus oregona Small. Smootl~, colorless herbaceous plant. Properties uncertain. Probably similar to Nonotropa unipora L. Requires study. In dense woods, north of Mt. Hood, Oregon (similar species-Marin County, California). (Piper and Beattie.)

876. Pyrola picta Smith. White-veined Skin Leaf. Low perennial herb. Leaves; (plasters and poultices) applied to bruises nud sores. (Schneidcr.) Con~mon, open coniferous woods.

877. Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata Gray. Eound-leaved Winter- green, False Wintergreen, Larger Wintergreen, Canker Let- tuce, Indian Lettuce, Consumption-weed, Liverwort Lettuce. Herbaceous plant. Leaves; astringent, diuretic. Tincture of fresh plant useful in treatment of ulcers, sores and cancer. Coniferous woods.

Ranunculaceae 878. +Aconitunt Napellus L. Aconite, Monkshood, Wolf 's-bane,

Friar 's-cap, C~zclcoo 's-cap, Face-in-hoocl, Jacob 's-chariot. lJer- enninl herb. Tuberous roots and leaves; cnrclinc rlepressnnt, nnodyne, sedntive. Exotic, murope, Asin. Uulti~nt~ed, Allied species (U. of Wash,), A. uncinatu,nz L. and A, Wilsonii.

I

879. Aconiluaz species. Monk's-hood, Perennial herbs. The following species are reputed poisonous and, no doubt, have similar properties to A. Napellzcs L. Worthy of study. A. col~cntlrianztwz Nutt., A. fislieri Reicli. Along broolrs and streams in t,lie Sierra Nevndas and northern coast ran,ges; California, Oregon and Washington.

880. Actaca alba ( L . ) Mill. White Bane-berry, White Cohosh, White-beads, White-berry. Perennial herb. Rhizomes; parasiticide, acrid, emeto-cathartic. Indians used decoction of root for stomach troubles. I n moist woodlands, California and northward,

881. Antaea eburnea Rydb. Perennial herb. Plant ; reported poisonous. Properties reputed similar to Cimicifuga. Requires study. Moist, roclry woodlands.

882. Aotaca rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Cohosh, Red Bane-berry, Coral-and-pearl, Poison-berry, Red-berry Snalteroot, Snake- berry, Toad-root, Herb Christopher. Perennial herb. Prop- erties similar to A. alba (L.) Mill. Moist, rocky, rich woodland areas.

883. Actnca s;[n'cata 1;. European Bane-berry, Grapewort, Per- ennial 11erb. Berries ; poisonous. Root ; reputed expectorant, antispasmodic. In moist woodland areas, California.

884. Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Erect perennial herb. Plant ; reputed purgative, emetic. Used medicinally by In- dians, (I?. Stearns, I'roc. A. Ph. A., 1858.) Frequent in moist woods.

885. *Adonis uelwolis I;. Phensant's-eye, False Hellebore, Bird's-cye. Perennial herb; cardiac tonic resembling Digitalis. Exotic, Central and Southern Europe. Cultivated.

886. Anemone globosa Nutt. Red Wine Flower. Herb. Plant; reported poisonous. Requires study. California. Shady mountain woods.

887. Anemone nemerosa L. Wood Anemone, BOW-bells, Wood Crowfoot, Drops-of-snow, Granny's-nightcap, Smellboxes. Herb. Plant ; acrid, antispasmodic, alterative (similar to Pulsatilla), Cultivated. Shady woodlands. California northward.

888. A+temone pratensis L. Herb. Fresh flowering plant; local irritant, depressant, alterative. (U. S. Disp.) Exotic. Culti- vated.

889. Anemone Pulsalilla li. (Pulsatilla vulgaris L.). Pulsatilla, European Pulsatilla or Pasque4lower, Dane 's-blood. Flowering herb; irritant, antispa8modi0, alterative. Plant probably identical with Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. Exotic. Cultivated.

890. Anemone quinquefolia IJ. American Wood Anemone, Wind-flower, Snow-drops, Thimble-weed. Herbaceous plant. Reported poisonous to stock. No doubt, closely related to A,.

,. nenterosa L. (Am. Journ. of Pliarm. 34: 300, 1862, and 45: 299, 1873.) Mountainous woodlands, California.

891. Aquilegia canadensis L. Wild Columbine, Red Columbine, Ghuclrles, Jack-in-trousers. Perennial herb; diuretic, dinplio- retic(9). Properties uncertain, Bxotic. Cultivated. Moun- tainous regions.

892. Aquilegia truncata F. and M . Herbaceous perennial. Properties reputed similar to A. vulgaris L. (diuretic ancl diaphoretic). Requires stucly. Moist mountninous regions.

893. Aquilegia vulgaria L. European Columbine, Garden Col- umbine, Boots-and-shoes, Cock's-foot, Culverwort, Dove's-foot, flrnnny's-nightcap, Hawk-feet, Lady 's-slioes. Perennial herb. Ylnnt and seeds; reputed dinretic, diaphoretic. Similar to Aconite. Exotic, Europe and Siberia. Cultivated.

894. "Cimicifztga racencosa (li.) Nutt. Black Cohosh, Blnolr Snake-root, Bug-bane, Bugwort, Squaw-root. Perennial herb. Rhizomes and root; antirheumatic, uterine tonic, emmenngogue, antispasmodic, alterative. Cultivated. C. antericana, also cultivated.

895. Clemath species. Virgin's-bower. Perennial herbs ancl vines. The following species have been reputed useful in the treatment of skin diseases, ulcers, cmcerous growths, syphilitic eruptions, colds. Worthy of study. C . erecta, C. fiantmula L., C. lasiantha Nutt., C. ligustifolia Nutt., (3. virginiana L., C. vitalba L. Willamette and Umpqua valleys. Xast of Cascade range to California.

896. Coptis anemonifolia S. and Z . Japanese Uolden-thread. Herbaceous plant. Roots; reputed bitter tonic. Exotic, Orient. California.

897. *Goptis trifoliata (L.) Salisb. Uold-thread, Canker-root, Mouth-root, Yellow-root. IJOW perennial herb. ltoot; bitter tonic. Other rspecies of golden-thread native to this region

require study. Reported to occur near Snohomish, Washing- ton (mountain woods). Swampy soil.

898. "Delpltinizcm Ajacis L. Common Larkspur, Rocket Larlc- spur., Annual herb. Dried ripe seed; irritant, acrid, emeto- cathartic, alterative. Properties similar .to D. consolida L. Roadsides, wet places. Cultivated.

,

899. *DeEp7~iniztm omol ida 5. Field Larkspur, Stagger-weed, Lark's-claw, King's Consound. Erect annual herb. Dried seeds ; parasiticide, emeto-cathartic, irritant, alterative, acrid, astringent. Exotic,. Europe. Escaped from cultivation. Common.

900. Delphinium stapltisagria L. Stavesacre, Lousewort. Erect annual herb.. Seeds; parasiticide (formerly otXicia1 in fT. S. P.). Bxotic, Asia Minor and Southern Europe. . Cultivated.

901. Delphinium speoies. Larkspur., Herbaceous plants. Most of the Delp7tiniums are regarded as poisonous and require study. The following species 'are worthy .' of ,consideration : D. bicolor Nutt., D. californicum T. and G., D:decorum F. and M., D, geyeri Greene, D. glaucum Wats., D. hesperium Gray,. I?. Nenxiesii DC., D. nudicaule T. and GI.., D. t&oovne Michx., D. trolliifolium Gray, D. variegatum T. and GI.. (Contrib. U. S. Nnt. Herb. 7: 3, 347.) Grazing ranges and cultivated. (Piper and Beattie, p. 160.)

902. Helleborus niger L. Black Hellebore, Christmas-flowei., Christmas Rose, Christ'sherb, Clove-tongue, New-year's Rose. Perennial herb. Rhizomes and roots; hydrogogue, emmenagogue, irritant, depressant. Exotic, Europe, Asia Minor. Cultivated.

903. Hepatica triloba Chaix. ( H . k p a t i c a (L.) Karst.). Liver- leaf, Noble Liverwort, Liver-weed, Golden Trefoil, Mouse-ear. Ilerbaceous plant. Leaves; deobstruent, tonic. Cultivated.

904. 'Iiydrastis canadensis L. Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow- root, Yellow Puccoon, Indian Turmeric. . Perennial herb. Rhizomes and roots; bitter tonia (urinary affections), alterative. Cultivated, rich well-drained woodlands--Skagit Valley, Wwhington.

905. Isopyrum occidelztals H . and A. False Rue Anemone. Herbaceous plant; reported to contain active constituents (alkaloids). Requires study. Rare in California. Moist shady places.

906. Isop~jrum tl~aliclroides. Herbaceom plant; reported as possessing alkaloids. Requires study. (Am. Journ. Pharm. 44 : 453.) Moist shady localities. California( T ) .

907. Myosurz~s alopecwsides Greene. Antioch Mouse-tail. Smnll herb, Should be studied as to constituents and medicinal properties. Low grounds and marshes, California.

908. Nyosurw mhinzus li. Mouse-tail. Small annual herb. The constituents and properties require study. Medicinal virtues doubtful. Marshes and swamps, California.

909. Nigella Damascena L. Fennel-flower, Bishop's-wort, Devil- in-a-bush, Love-in-a-mist, Ragged-lady. Erect glabrous annual herb. Seeds; reputed used similar to N. sativa I;. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30: 211-212, 1882,) Cdtivnted in gardens.

910. Nigolln sativa L. Black Cumin, Black Caraway, Fitcli, Roman Coriander. Pubescent annual herb. Seeds; pungent, nromatic, carminative, condiment (diaphoretic, galactagogue, emmenagogue) , Cultivated. California.

911. Paeonia Zlruwnii Dougl. Perennial herb. Roots; reputed useful for dyspepsia, cold (decoction). Constituents and therapeutic properties require sludy. In the Cascnilc Mts. a t low elevations, eastern slope.

912. Paeonia cdifornica Nutt. Peony. Perennial herb. ltoots; reputed tonic, antispasrnodio-dyspepsin, nervous disorders. (King's Disp.) Soutliern California.

913. Paeonia oficinalis L. Peony, Naupie, Sheep-shearing Rosc, Chinese Peony, White or Fragrant Peony. . , Stout pererininl herb. Root; rtntispasmodic. (U. 5. Disp,) Cultivntcd in gardens. 4. Pulsa.tilla hirszcti,~sima Brit. An~erican Pulsatilla, Amcricnn Pasque-flower, April-fool, Badger-weed, Ilartshorn Plant, Hendnclie Plant, Prairie Anemone, Prairie Urocns, Perennial herb. Flowering herb ; antispasmodic, alterntive. Prairies. California northward. 5. Pulsatilla occidentalis (Wats.) Freyn. Pasque-flower. Per- ennial herb. Properties, no doubt, similar to P. pratensis (L.) Mill. Requires study. Monntninous meadows, abundnnt.

916. ePulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. Pulsatilla, European Pul- satilla or Pasque-flower, Easter-Bower. Flowering herb ; a1 tera- tive, antispasmodic. Cultivated.

Rhamheae 115

917. nanunculus califorlticzls. Crowfoot, Herbaceous plants. Seeds ; edible. Plant ; reputed acrid (poisonous), irritant. Requires study. (Cal. Beol. Surv, Bot. 1: 4.) Moist localities, California.

918, Ra,tunculus eisenii Kellogg.' ' ~ n t t e i Cup. Herbaceous plant; reputed to be acrid, somewhat poisondus. Seeds ; eaten by Indians, Requires study. Moist localities. California northward.

911). lZanunaulus flamntula II. Rerbaceous plant. A species of Crowfoot reputed to have acrid and poisonous principles (irritant). Requires study. Gravelly borders of lakes and streams.

920. Rolzuraoulus sceteratus L. Cursed Crowfoot, Marsh Crow- foot, Water Celery, Blisterwort, Biting Crowfoot. Herbaceous plant. Reputed to have properties similar to above species. Requires study. Rare in moist places but undoubtedly native.

921. Thaliclrum polycarpum Wats. Meadow Rue. Perennial herb. Root ; (decoction) reputed useful for colic. Properties of Strychnine( I ) . Juice ; reputed to relieve headache. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 336, 1881.) Mountain slopes and streams, California northward.

Resedaceae 922. Reseda alba L. White Mignonette. Annual to biennial

erect herb. Plant; reputed to have diaphoretic and diuretic properties. Requires study. Exotic, southern Europe. Escaped from gardens.

923. Beseda Zuteola L. Dyer's Rocket, Ash-of-Jerusalem, Dyer's- weed, Dyer's Mignonette, Yellow Rocket, Yellow-weed. Annual herb. Plant; diaphoretic, diuretic, Yields yellow dye. Qar- dens, California.

924. Reseda odorata L. Mignonette, Garden or Common Migno- nette. Annual herb. Propertiee similar to R. Euteola L. Requires study. Zxotic, Northern Africa. Escaped from cultivation.

Rhamnaceae 925. Ceanothus antericanzcs L: New Jersey Tea, Jersey Tea,

Walpole Tea, Wild Snowball, Mountain-sweet. Shrubby plant. Root and root-bark; astringent, alterative, sedative, antimalarial, purgative. Leaves; substitute for Chinese tea.

Civil War-decoction "Ague calre" for gnstric nnd hepatic disorders. Indians used leaves for tea for stimulant and stomach disorders-preparations of bark as haemostatic. Cul- tivated.

926. Ceamthz~ cunedzcs (Hook.) Nutt. Lilac. Shrub. Plant; probably has febrifuge and alterative properties. Requires study. Columbia River southward-dry or rocky ground.

927. Ceanothw divaricatus Nutt. Soap-plant. Shrubby plant. Flowers; reported used as a substitute for soap. Requires study. (Calif. (feol. Surv. Bot. 2 : 439.) California.

928. Ceanothus integerrintus H . and A. Species of red-root. Shrubby plant. Bark and roots; reputed useful in the treatment of malaria, jaundice, catarrh. Fruit ; bitter. Indians used seed as food. Requirea study. California northward.

929. CeawtAzcs velutinus Dougl. Mountain Balm, White Lilac, Snow-brush. Shrub. Medicinal properties, no doubt, similar to C. ameficanus L. Leaves; used by Indians as tobacco and tonic. Requires study. British Columbia to California.

930. Rhantnus californica. California Coffee Tree, Coffee-berry. Shrub. Used similar to R, purslciana DC. Berries; substitute for coffee. (Schneider.) California coast region.

931. Rhamnzcs californica tomentella Br. and Wats. Shrub. This variety of California Coffee-tree very similar to or probably identical with R. californica. A decoction reported useful as a poison-oak remedy. Requires study. Interior California and northward.

932. Rhamnus crocea ilicifolia Greene. Shrub, Reported used by Indians as cathartic, diuretic. Berries; edible. Requires study. California northward.

933. *Rlcantnus Pra?tgzda L. Alder Buckthorn, Black Alder, Berry Alder, Alder Dogwood, Black Dogwood. Shrub to tree. Bark; purgative, laxative, Bxotic, nurope, Asia, North Africa. Cultivated.

934, Rhantnus ilicifolia. Buckthorn. Shrub. Reported used medicinally by Indi~ns . Requires study. (Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 7 : 369.) California.

935. *Rhatnnw purslciana DO. Cascara, Chittem, Bear-berry Tree, Bearwood, Shittim-wood, Cascara Sagrada 'I'ree. Tree. Bark; laxative, purgativo. Common in moist woodlands. Oregon, Washington and Northern California.

Rosaceae i17

Rosaceae

936. Adenostoma fasciculatzlm Torr. Chamisol, Chamisso, Creasewood. Shrubby plant. Leaves and bark ; reputed useful in the treatment of syphilis (infusion). Yields oil used for skin affections (ointment). Indians gave this plant to sick cows (Barrows), Requires study, California.

937. ddenostoma sparsifolium Torr. Bastard Cedar. Convul- sion-herb. Yerba del pasmo. Shrubby plant. Twigs and Ieaves ; reputed useful in bowel complaints, emetic, colds, snakebites, tetanus. (Barrows.) Southern California.

938, dgrintonia ezcpatoria IJ. Agrimony, European Agrimony, aarclive, Harvest-lice, Liverwort, Stickwort, White or Wild Tansy. Perennial herb. Flowering herb; astringent, antiscorbutic, taenicide. Cultivated, Southern California.

939. Agrinzonia ggrosepla Wallr. Common Agrimony. Tall perennial. Herb and root; reputed having similar properties to A, euptoria L. Yields an oil. Requires study. Sumas Prairie, Lyall, California. (Schneider.) Thickets and ravines.

040. Agrimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell. Tall Hairy Agri- inony, Bcggarticlrs, Stick-weed. Perennial herb. Properties reputed to be similar to A. eztpntmia L. Prairies and open land.

941, *Anygdalus contmzmis L. Almond Tree. Shrub to tree. Two varieties noteworthy: anzara, fruit of which has sedative properties (IICN) ; dzdcis, f ru i t ; esculent, emollient, yieIds fixed oil. Cultivated, California.

942. Amygdalus Persica L. Peach. Tree. Loaves and kernels; sedative, vermifuge, laxative, astringent (whooping cough, bladder disorders). Seeds; yield peach oil--substitute for Oil of Sweet Almonds. Bxotic. Cultivated.

943. Argsntim grandis (T. and B.) Piper n. comb, (Argmtina occidentalis Rydb.) Creeping herb. Plant astringent--no doubt of some value. Requires study. Along seashores, Pacific northwest.

944. Cerasus denzissa Nutt. Choke Cherry. Shrub to small tree. F ru i t ; edible, astringent. Inner bark; reputed useful as tonic -relieve diarrhoea and nervous disorders. Root; reputed to have medicinal value. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 3, 356.) Along streams.

118 Rosaceae

945. Ceraszis entar'ginata Dougl. Shrub. Reputed to h v e uirni- lar properties to C. dentissa Nutt. Requires study. (IICN.?) Along streams. '

946. Cercocarpics betzl.laefoliiu IIoolc. Mountain Mahognny. Shrub to tree, Reported to havo rnedicinnl properties. (Schneider.) Requires study. Woodlands, California.

947. Comarum @ustre IJ. Marsh Cinquefoil, Purple Cinquefoil, Purple Marsh-loclcs, Purplewort, Bog Strawberry. Glabrous perennial herb. Plant; astringent. Requires study. Common in swamps, bordering waters.

948. Crateagus oxyacantha IJ, European Hawthorn, Englisli Hnwthorn, Hnw-tree, Hedge-thorn, White Thor~l, May-bush. Thorny shrub. Leaves, bark, flowers and fruit ; reputed cardiac tonic. (Q.. M. Beringer.) (Am. Journ. Yhnrm. 76 : 283-284, 1904.) Exotic. Introduced, ornamental. California m d Oregon.

949. Crateagus rivulat*is Nutt. Thorn Tree, IIawtliorn. Thorny shrub. R,eputed poisonous (thorns). Fruit ; esculent-jelly, Used by Indians as food. Eequires study. Along strcams and riveiv.

950. Pragan'a californiccc C . and 5. California Strawberry. Herbaceous plant, Herb and fruit; reputed gout remedy, refrigerant, esculent. Prairies, open places.

951. Pra.ga.ria oltilensis (L.) Duch. Chili Strawberry. Herba- ceous plant. Frui t ; refrigernnt, esculent, flavoring agent. Herb; reputed gout remedy. Requires study. Common in open places,

952. Oeim ntacrophylknl Willd. Avens. Perennial herb. Rhi- zome and roots; astringent-probably have medicinal virtues (tonic, stomachic). Requires study. In fields and meadows.

953. Qeum oregmtense Scheutz. Perennial herb, Plant similar to above- species. Should be studied. Beported from Vancouver Island.

954. f f illenia trif oliata Moench. Indian-physic, Indian Hippo, False or American Ipecac, Bowman's-root. Erect perennial herb. Dried rliizolncs and roots; t,onic, emetic, purgative. (N. S. Disp.) Cultivated.

955. *Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) anlel. Brayera, IZousso Tree, Cusso. Tree. flower^ (pistillate panicles) ; anthelmintic, ver-

Bosaceae 119

mifugc, taenifuge. Exotic, Europe. Cultivated, ornamental, California.

956. .Hetermneles arbutfolia Roem. balifornia Holly, California Uhristmns-berry, Laurel 13;awthorn, Tollon. Evergreen shrub. l3arIc and leaves; reputed used to relieve varidus aches. In- dians used fruit as food. (Am. Journ. Pharm., April, 1882.) Coast ranges San Diego to HumboIdt Counties, Calif.--cultivated, Lower California.

957. Mdus rivularis Roem. Oregon Crab-apple. Tree. Bark; tonic, febrifuge. Fruit ; refrigerant. Other species of apples similarly used. Common in swamps. California.

958. Potenlilla glandulosa ltavadsnsis Wats. Cinquefoil. Herb. Stem and leaves; reputed to be useful to relieve colic, headaches. Astringent properties. (U. S. Disp.) Prairies and open places.

959. Potentilla reptans LI. European Cinquefoil: Herb. Plant ; astringent-reputed useful i n dysentery, catarrhal ailments. Bxotic, Burope. California.

960. Prunus andersonii Bray. Fruit; used by Indians as food. Requires study. California.

962. Prunus cavoliniana Ait. Laurel Cherry, Carolina or Ameri- can Cherry-laurel, Wild Peach, Winter Laurel, Mock Orange. Shrub to tree. Leaves; bitter, sedative-poisonous principle requires study (HCN.?). Cultivated. California. Hedges.

962. Prunzcs dedssa Walp. Western Wild Cherry. Shrub. Plant; reported poisorous with tonic and diuretic properties. (Schneider.) California.

963. *Prunus domestics 11. Prune Plum, Plum. Small tree. Fruit ; esculent, acidulous, laxative. Number of varieties of prunes are cultivated, all having mild laxative properties. Cultivated.

964. Prunus ilicifolia Walp. Holly Laurel, Evergreen Cherry. Shrub. Dried leaves; reported poisonous. Fruit ; used by Indians to make a beverage. Requires study. California.

965. Prutcus 2aurocsmsus L. Cherry-laurel, Cherry Bay. Shrub to tree. Leaves ; bitter, sedative (HCN,) . Exotic, Mexico. Cultivated, California.

966. *Pranzcs serodilta Ehr. Wild Cherry, Black Cherry, BIaclc- choke, Rum Cherry, Cabinet Cherry, WlisIrey Cherry. Tree. Stem-bark; pectoral sedati6, tonic (aromatic bitter), astrin-

120 Rosacene

gent, flavoring agent for cough syrups. Along forest borders and fences. Cultivated.

967. Prunws subcordata Benth. Wild Plum, Paciflc Wild Plum. Bush to tree.. Fruit ; astringent. Used by Indians as food. Requiree study. California. Ornamental.

968. Prultw virginiana L. Choke Cherry, Wild Cherry. Tree. Fruit ; astringent. Reported poisonous., (Pammel.) California northward.

969. Purshia tridentata DO. Kunzia. 'Bushy plant. Leaves , .

, (decoction) ; used by Indians as a cough medicine. (Schneider.) Requires study. California.

970. P y r w Cydonia L. Quince Tree. Tree. Frui t ; esculent, astringent. Seeds; mucilaginous, demulcent. Cultivated. Cydo~ria oblong&, also cultivated.

971. Ribes csreunt Dougl. Currant. Bush to shrub. Fruit ; ncidn- lous-used by Indians as food. Numerous species and varieties of currant8 and gooseberries are cultivated and are worthy of consideration. Woodlands and stream banks (cultivated).

972. Rosa ca.Zifor~tica. California Rose. Fragrant shrub. Leaves and petals; astringent, Used in the lnanufacture of perfumes. Worthy of study. Many varieties of roses are cultivated throughout the coast region.

973. Rosa canina .L. Dog Rose, Canker Rose, Canlcer-blooms, Bird Brier, Bramble Rose, Horse Bramble, Hip-tree. Bush to shrub. Fruits (hips) ; refrigerant, astringent. (13. P.) Exotic, Europe, Western Asia. Cultivated.

074. Rubus ccuneifoliw Pursh, Sand Blackberry, Lorn or Knee- high Blaclrberry. Shrub. Dried bark of the rhizome and roots; astringent, tonic, Syrup of bark; astringent remedy for diarrhoea. R. Andrewsianus is also cultivated. (U, of Wash.)

975. *Rubus Idaeus L. Red Raspberry, European Raspberry, Hindberry. Shrub. Fruit ; refrigerant, esculent, flavoring agent. Bark of roots; astringent, tonic (diarrhoea). Red and black varieties extensively cultivated. Exotic. Cultivated.

976. Rubus leucodermza Dougl. Black Cap, California Rasp- berry. Bramble bush to shrub. .Properties similar to above species. I n open woods.

977. Rubw vitifolius C , and S . Blaclrberry. Bramble bush. Plant; astringent. Similar to R. uillosus Ait., the official spe-

--

Rubiacme 121

cies. (The loganberry, the hybrid of the raspberry and blackberry, is cultivated and used for convalescents.) (U. S. Disp.)

978. Xaqwisorba latifolk (Hoolr.) Coville. Burnet. Glabrous perennial herb. Plant ; astringent (tonic), . Eeyuires study. Moist mountainous regions. Alaska to Oregon, rare southward.

979. 8arzgzcisorba miorocepl~ala Presl. Glabrous perennial herb. Plant; astringent (somewhat used as a salad). Requires study. I n swampy areas near the seacoast. Alaska to Northern Cali- fornia.

980. #orbus aucuparia It. Zuropean Mountain-ash, Rowan Tree, Round-tree, Quick-beam, Whistle-wood, Widcy, Wild Ash, Wi tch-wood, Shrub to tree. Barlc and leaves ; astringent- reputed useful in the treatment of ulcers, hemorrhoids, sores. Frui t yields a saccharine substance-beverage. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 80: 237, 1882.) Exotic, Burope, Asia. Cultivated, ornamental tree. I

981. 8piraea species. Hardy Haclrs. Numerous shrubs cultivated. Yield volatile oil-resembling oil of Gadtheria. Flowers ; reputed having properties of salicylic acid. Roots; astringent. (Schneider.) Swamps and mountainous low altitudes. Cul- tivated.

Rubiaceae

982. dsperzcla odorata L. Sweet Woodruff, Sweet-Hair-hoof, Sweet-grass, Mugget, Eock-weed. Herb; yields coumarin- hepatic stimulant, diuretic, deobstruent. Exotic. Cultivated.

083. "Caffea arabica L. Coffee Tree. Common or Arabian Coffee. Tree. Dried ripe seed; flavoring agent, anthelmintic, stimulant (cerebral), nervine, diuretic, Exotic, South America. Cultivated.

984. Cepha2anthus occidentalis L. Button Bush, Button Willow, Button Tree, Honey-balls, Crane-willow, Mountain Globe- flower, Pin-ball, Swamp Dogwood, River-bush. Shrub or smalI tree. Bark (barlr of root) ; tonic, laxative, bitter, alterative (decoction or infusion for periodical fevers-malarial fevers). IJOW swampy woodlands along streams.. California northward.

985. *Ci?tohona ofioinalis XJ. Cinchona, Peruvian Bark. Tree. Bark; simple bitter, antimalaria, antipyretic, tonic, antiperiodic-source of quinine. Other species of Cinchona are

122 Rutaceae

reported cultivated. (Proc. A. Pli. A.) Exotic, South America. Cultivated (mountainous regions), California.

986. Qalium aparine L. Cleaverwort, Cleavers, Goose-grass, Bed-straw, Turkey-grass. Herb; diuretic, refrigerant, discutient, aperient, alterative. Used by Indians for fevers and inflammations. V e ~ y abundant in open woods.

987. GLaliunt triflorurn Michx. Fragrant Bed-straw, Smeet- scented Bed-straw. Herb. Leaves (coumarin) ; diuretic, aperient, hepatic, stimulant ( 9 ) . I n d i a n ~ used infusion of herb

.for kidney troubles-spring tonic. Other species, especially Ct. Trifidum pacificunt Wiegand., of interest. (Am. Journ, of Phnrm., 97, p. 176,1925.) Very common in moist woods.

988. Bardewia grandiflol'a. Cape Jasmine. Chinese Jasmine. Shrub. Fru i t ; probably cathartic, anthelmintic. Yields yellow dye. Exotic, China. CuItivated, California. Ornamental.

989. Rubia tkctorunt IJ. Madder, Madder Plant. Dyer's Mad- der. Climbing perennial herb. Itoot; yields a red dye-color imparted to milk, urine end bones of animals. (Rachitis, amenorrhea.) (U. of Calif. Exp. Sta. Rep., p. 244, 189O.) Cultivated.

Rutnceae 990. Casimiroa edulis I~lave and hex. Znpote, White Zapoto.

Evergreen tree. F ru i t ; edible, soporific (hypnotic by Mexi- cans). Seeds ; reputed poisonous. Exotic, Mexico. Introducecl into Southern California.

991. "Citrus Auranliunt IJ. Bitter Or~nge . Small spiny tree. Dried rind of the unripe frui t (fresh peel) ; bitter tonic, carminative, flavor, perfume (flowers), vehicle. Zlxotic. CuI tivated. California.

092. *Citrus Aurantiunt var. Sinensis li. Sweet Orange. Small tree. Fresh outer rind of the ripe frui t ; coloring and flavoring agent, aromatic, perfume. Pru i t juice; refrigerant. Exotic. Cultivated.

,

993. Citrzcs Limetta Risso. Ijime, Sweet or Pear Lime. Straggly shrub or small tree, Juice of the ripe f ru i t ; antiscorbutic, refrigerant, diaphoretic. Exotio. Cultivated. California.

994. Citrus Nedica L. Citron. Shrub or small tree. Rind; essence - and in perfumery (similar to lemon and lime dessert). Cultivated, California.

Salicaceae 123

995. *Ci:itt.tu medica vnr. Linronunt Itisso. Lemon, Lemon Treo. Shrubby bush or tree. Peel of fruit; stimulant, stomachic, coloring and flavoring agent. Oil ; flavor, perfume. Juice ; refrigerant (febrile affections). Exotic. Cultivated, Cali- fornia. )

906. Ptelea trifoliata L. Wafer Ash, Water Ash, Three-leaved Hop-Tree, Ague-bark, Trefoil, Swamp Dogwood, Stinking Ash. Shrub or small tree. Leaves; anthelmintic. Bark of root; tonic, bitter, febrifuge, stomachic (adulterant of Euonymus). Fruit ; substitute for hops. Indians used bark of root for various ailments. Woodlands, California northward.

907. nuta gt.a.veolelzs L. Rue, Uarden Rue, Herb-of-grace, Countryman's Treacle. Woody herb. Leaves; antispasmodic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic (abortificant), iikitant. (Formerly ofacial in U. S. P., 1870.) Exotic. ~ultivated.

998. *Xmttkoxylzcm Americanum Mill. Priqkly Ash, Northern Prickly Ash, Angelica Tree, Toothache-tree, Toothache-bush. Shrub or tree. Dried bark and fruit; pungent, sialagogue, diuretic, emmenagogue, alterative, atimulant (chronic rlleu- mntisrn, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, toothache). (Also Xanthoxylz~m CZavccUerculis TJ. ) Cullivated ornamental plant.

999. Xantkox~lum piperitunz DO. Japanese Pepper. Shrub. No doubt, having similar properties to above species. Used by Chinese and Japanese as antidote for poisons. Fruits; aromatic, condiment. Requires study. Exotio, Orient. Culti- vated.

Salicaceae 1000. *Populz~s balsamif era L. Balsam PopIar, Tacamahac.

Tree. Leaf-buds (Bilead buds) ; resinous, balsamic, aromatic, expectorant. Low ground near streams and lakes, Canada southward to Eastern Oregon. Cultivated.

1001. Popltcs fremontii Wats, Fremont'a Cottonwood. Tree. Bark; reputed tonic (decoction used for bruises and sores- saddle homes). (Am. Journ. of Pliarm., 226, 1892.) (Am. Journ. Pharm., 240, 1889,) (U. S. Disp.) Stream banks and bottom lands. Upper Sacramento valley to northern Lower California. Deer Creek, Tehama County, California.

1002. *Poplzcs nigra L. Black Poplar, Old Gnglish or WiIlow Poplar, Cotton-tree. Tree. Reputed to have similar properties

to P. tremuloides Michx. and P. halsantifera L. ( N . S. Disp.) Exotic, Cultivated.

1003. Populus tremzdoides Michx. American Aspen, Mountain Asp, Quaking Asp, Trembling Poplnr, White or American Poplar. Shrub to tree. Bark; yields salacin and populin. Re- puted domestic remedy, tonic (fever, malaria)-used by Indians for intermittent fevers, (U. S. Q;eog. Surv., Wheeler's Rep, Bot. 6: 51.) Borders of strenms, lakes and meadows. Canada south to northern bower California.

1004. Pop~clus uartcouveriana Trelease n. sp. Tree. This species of cottouwood,.no doubt, has similar properties to above species, Requires study. West of Cascade range, Vancouver Island soutliward to liend of Puget Sound.

1005. Sdix lasia?tdra Eya,llii Snrg. Red or Black Willow, Pussy Willow. Shrub tp tree. Bnrlc and nments; contnin tannin, salaoin ( 9 ) . Requires study. Ijnlre and river banlrs ; swamps. British Columbia to Southern California.

1006. 8alix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo Willow. Shrub lo tree. Bark; astringent, febrifuge, bitter. Leaves and roots; also, used--decoction reputed used for itch and other skin atl'ections. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27 : 274, 1.897.) Otl~er species of Salk, no doubt, have similar properties. Require study. Ttoclry stream banlrs; elevation up to about 5,000 feet. Bastern Wash- ington to California.

Sapindaceae 1007. AescuEzts califw?tica Nutt. California Buclreye. Shrub to

tree. Bark; reported to cause abortion in cnttle. lteputed useful for numerous aches-toothache. Unripe fruit ; fish poison. Ripe fruit ; used by Indians as food. Requires study. (~on&ib. U. S. Nat. Herb, 7: No. 111, 366,) (Calif. aeol. Surv. Bot. 1 : 106.) Coast ranges of Central California.

1008. descdus glabra TJ. Ohio Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye, Ameri- can Horse-chestnut. Shrub to tree. Roots and fruit; yield a saponin (used as a soap substitute). Fruit ; yields starch. Large doses reported poisonous. Study required. Cultivnted.

1009. desculus Itippoca~ta~tzc?n , IJ. Horse-chestnut, 130ngayl Konlter-tree. Shrub to tree. Bark and nuts; reputed useful as wash for sores, ulcers. (Snuff.) Requires study. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 44 : 400.) Cultivated.

1010. Aesoulz~ pavia L, Red Buckeye, Red-flowered Buckeye. Shrub to tree. Seeds and young shoots; reputed to possess active bonstituents-(errhine), convulsant, fish-poison, (Am. Journ. Phar., 45: 144.) Cultivated.

1011. Agrostenzma githago L, Corn Cockle, Corn Rose, Mullen Pink, Old-maid 's Pink. Tall annual or biennial herb. Plant ; noxious-reported poisonous. Seeds ; poisonous. Yields a non- crystalline substance - saponin - sternutatory. Requires study. .Bxotic, Europe. A weed in grain fields.

1012. Paullinia pinnata L. " Timbo." Bushy plant. Reputed to have therapeutic virtues. Requires rstudy. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25 : 189, 1877.) California. Ornamental.

Sapotaceae 1013. Achras sapota L. Sapodilla, Sapodilla Plum, Naseberry.

Tree. Seeds ; aperient, diuretic (rheumatic j. Yields chickle gum, "Mexican chickle. " Fruit, edible. Exotic, Tropical America. Cultivated.

1014. Mintusops elengi L. Capote Gum, Gum Chicle. Tree. Fruit ; edible, Bark; astringent, tonic, sialagogue. Qum, substitute for autta Percha-England. Other species are oul- tivated as 11. lcexandra~reputed useful in the manufacture of chewing gum. Cultivated in Southern California.

Sarraceniaceae 1015. Sarracenia flava L. Trumpet-plant, Yellow:' Trumpets,

Huntsman 's-horn, Fly-trap, Pitcher-plant; . Perennial bog (aquatic) herb.' Plant ; root, bitter tonia, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, antispasmodic (dyspepsia-proteolytia enzyme). Numerous species of Nepenthes and Sarraceda exist. Requires study. (Pharm. Journ. Trans., p. 483, 1899.) Marshy lowlands. California northward.

101.6. Sarracenia pplcrpurea L. Pitcher-plant, Side-saddle Flower, Fly-trap, Eve's-cup, oref father's-cup, Indian-pitcher, Indian- cup, Saddle-plant, Purple-flowered Pitcher-plant. Perennial bog herb. Plant; astringent, tonic, anodyne, &rculatory stimulant, diuretic, laxative (dyspepsia). Indian8 used infusion of rhizomes in treatment of smallpox. Cultivated. Peat bogs and swampa.

126 Saaif ragaceae

Saururaceae 1017. . Anemopsis californica Hook. Yerba Mansa. Herb ; re-

puted diuretic, rlieumatic-dysentery, gonorrhoea, asthma, cuts, bruises and sprains. (H. H, lksby , llr~ippists ' Circulur, Jan., 1890.) (Schneider, A. Yerba Mansa. I)ruggi.stsl Circu- lar, May, 1897.) Low, usually alkaline ground. Sacramento valley and Santa Clara County, south ta northern Lower California. Santa Barbara and San Diego, California.

Saxif ragaceae 1018. flezlclbera avzericana IJ. Alum-root, Common Alum-root,

American Sanicle, Split-rock, Cliff-weed. Perennial herb. Root ; reputed astringent. (11. sangzsinea, also cultivated.) Proper- ties similar to H. antericana IJ. Cultivated.

1019. Lleicchera micrnnlha 1)ougl. Alam-root. Pcrcnninl herb. Plant ; astringent. liequires study. Comnion on roclry cliffs.

1020. Heuckera pilosisissinto F. and M. Alum-root. Perennial herb. Plant ; astringent. Ilequires study. (U. S, Disp.) Rocky, mountainous cliffs.

1021. *Hydrangea arborescens L. I-Iydrnngea, Wild IIyilrangea, Seven-barks, Bissum. Shrub. Rliieome and roots; cliuretic, lithotriptic, antilithic. Indians used plants in treatment of bladder stones and cystitis. (Am, Journ. l'harm., 122, 1887.) Cultivated. Common ornamental plant.

1022. Philadelphus coronarius L. Garden Syringa, Mock Orange, Orange-flower Tree. Shrub. Properties uncertain. Requires study. Cultivated for ornamental purposes.

1023. Saxifraga pelta.ta Torr. Indian Rhubarb. I-Ierbaeeous plant; astringent. Used by Indians as food. Other species cultivated. Requires study. (Pliar. Jour. Trans., Aug., 1888.) California. Roclcs and wet mountainous cliffs.

1024. Therofon elatuna (Nutt.) Ctreene. Borlrinia, Boyltinia. Perennial herb. Plant ; aromatic. Reported used medicinally by Yuki Indians. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : 353.) ltequires study. Along streams. Vancouver Island to California.

1025. Tiarella species. False Mitrewort, Coolwort. Slender perennial herbs. Plants; probably have diuretic propcrtics. Require study. Common in moist woods.

Scrophulariaceae 127

Scitamineae 1026. Naranta species. Arrow-root plants. Tropical herbs.

Numerous $ecies cultivated (conservatories). Yields starch. Nutrient. Southern California. I

Scrophulariaceae 1027. Chelow glabra I;. Balmony, Turtle-bloom, Bitter-herb,

Fish-mouth, Shell-flower, Snake-head. Perennial herb. Plant ; laxative, cholagogue, anthelmintic. Moist localities. Cul- tivated.

1028. Chelone species. Turtle-head, Balmony. Perennial herbs. Plants of this group, no doubt, have laxative, cholagogue, and antheImintic properties. Indians use plants as tonic, laxative, purgative. Require study. (Am. Journ. of Pliarm. 97: 186, 1925.) Along mountain streams.

1029. Collinsia bicolor Bentli. Collinsia, ~zkocence. Annual herb. Leaves; reported used for h e & bites (poultice), (Schneider.) Requires study. Open prairies. Western Cali- fornia.

1030. "Digitalis purpurea 11. Foxglove, Purple Foxglove, Fairy-bells. 13iennial herbaceous plant. Dried leaves (seeds) ; cardiac stimulant, diuretic, emetic. Other species of Foxglove worthy of study. D. ntaculata and D. sibirica cultivated in gardens. Introduced from Europe. Meadows, woodlands, pastures. Vancouver Island, Western Oregon, to California.

1031. Diplacz~s gbutinosus Wendl. Glutinous Monkey-flower. Shrubby perennial. Plant requires study. (Schneider.) Cen- tral and Northern California.

1032. araliola ebradenta Benth. Hedge Hyssop. Glabroua annual herb. Plant ; reported to have therapeutic virtues- cathartic, anthelmintic. Requires study. Banks of streams and swamps.

1033, -Gnuria linaria (IJ.) Karst. Toad-flax, Common Toad- flax, Yellow Toad-flax, Butter-and-eggs, Chopped-eggs, Bread- and-butter, Dead-men's-bones, Devil's-flax, Flax-weed, Wild Flnx, Yellow-rod. Herb; diuretic, discutient, alterative. I n sandy soil, rare.

1034. Mintulus g d t a t u s DO. Herb; used by Indians as food --source of salt. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. H@. 7 : No. 3, 387.) ltequires study. Brooks and meadows.

1035. M i n d w langsdorjii Donn. Monkey-flower. Perennial herb. Root; decoction-reputed useful in treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea. (Schneider.) No doubt, identical with above species. Common in moist localities of northwest.

1036. Mimulzcs ~noscl~atus Dougl. Musk-flower, Musk-plant, Vegetable Musk, Perennial herb. Plant ; fragrant, muslr-like odor. Reputed useful in nervous disorders. Common in damp soil along streams.

1037. Pentstemon grandiflorus Nutt. Perennial herb. Properties uncertain. Rocky soil-meadows. Cultivated (U, of Wash.),

1038. Rltina~ttltus kyrollae Chabert. Rattle-box. Annual erect herb. Plant; probably has insecticidal properties. ltequires study. Rare in Gelds and prairies.

1039. Scrophularia lcodosa L. Figwort, Common or Water Fig- wort, Pilcwort, Scrofula-plant, Tliroatwort. Coarse p e r e n ~ ~ i u l herb; vulnerary, emmenagogue, tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, alterative. Other species require study. Exotic. Moist localities.

1040. Vsrbmczm Blattark L, Moth Mullen. I3iennial Ilerb. Properties and uses worthy of study. Exotic, ICnrope. Waste places. Cultivated.

1041. *Verbasczcm Yhlontoides L. a Mullein. Biennial herb. Flowers; reputed vulnerary, anodyne. Leaves; demulcent,

. mucilaginous. Exotic, Europe, Cultivated. 1042. Verbaiczcnt tltapsifmme Schrad. Mullein. Biennial tall

woolly herb. Reputed to liave similnr properties and uses as V. phlomaides L. Zxotic, Europe. .Russia. Cultivated.

1043. *Verbascunt t l~apsw L. Mullein, Common Mullen, a rea t Mullein, Velvet Doclr. Biennial woolly herb. Dried leaves; demulcent, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic. Indians sinolred leaves. Root; expeotorant and anodyne-helpful in persistent coughs. Flowers (Oil of Mullein) ; anodyne-for earache. Introduced from Europe. Wmte places and fields.

1044. Veronica oflcina.lis L. Common Speedwell, Uroundhele, Paul's Betony. Herb; astringent, diaphoretic, expeotorant, diuretic, tonic, alterative. Other species require study. Culti- vated, moist placee.

1045. *Veronica virginica L. Cnlver's Root, Deptandra. Per- ennial herb: Rhizomes and roots; cathartic, cholagogue. (U. 8. Disp.) Cultivated.

Bolamaceas 120

Simarubaceae 1.046, d i l a d l t w exce~sa Roxb. Shrub to tree. Bark; bitter,

tonic, febrifuge. Exotic, India. Cultivated, California. 1047. Ailartthzcs glandulosa Desf. , Tree-of-heaven, Chinese

Sumach, False Varnish-tree, Devil's-wallcing-stick, Tree-of-the- Gods. Tree. Bark and' root-bark; bitter tonic, stomachic, anti- dysenteric, taenicide. Leaves; food for Chinese silkworm. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25: 181, 1877.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30: 214, 1882.) Bxotic, China. Cultivated, California.

1048. Sntilax species. Sarsaparilla. Herbaceous to shrubby plants. No doubt, certain Pacific coast species of this plant have medicinal virtues and are worthy of study. Stream banks. Climbing bushes and small trees. -

Solanaceae 1040. "Atropn belladonlta L. Deadly Nightshade, Belladonna,

Banewort, Death's-herb, Sleeping Nightshade. Perennial herb. Leaves and root; narcotic, mydriatic, nerve sedative, diuretic, anodyne. Cultivated.

1050. Capsicum anrtuum L. Garden Pepper, Chili' Pepper, Spanish Pepper. Herbaceous plant. bruit ; stimulant, rubefacient, irritant, revulsive, stomachic, condiment. - (German Pharmacopoeia.) Cultivated (varieties).

1051. Capsicunt baccatum L. Bird Pepper. Annual to perennial woody plant. Reputed tonic, stimulant, stomachic, rubefacient. Cultivated, California.

1052. Capsicum fastigiatunt B1. Cayenne Pepper, African Pep- per, Guinea Pepper, Chillies. Annual to perennial woody plant. Fruit ; stimulant, stomachic, rubefacient. Cultivated.

1053. "Capsicum frutesoens L. Cayenne Pepper, Red Pepper, African Chillies, Shrubby perennial. Dried ripe fruit; stimulant, rubefaoient, irritant, stomachic, revulsive, flavoring. Warm regions. Cultivated.

1054. Datura Mete1 L. Thorn Apple, Common White-flowered Thorn Apple, Entire-leaved Thorn Apple, Annual glabrous herb. Leaves and seeds; sedative anodyne, deliriant, depres-

sant (narcotic), intoxicant. Exotic, Tropical America, India. Cultivated.

1055. Datura nteteloides Dunal, Annual to perennial erect herb. Reputed to have similar properties to D. stranzoniunt TJ. In- d ims used leaves as substitute for tobacco and made an intoxicating drink from the seeds. (Hall.) (Calif. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1: 544.) (Barrows, Land of Sun$ine, No. 13, p. 322, Nov., 1900.) (Hilgard, U. of C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Reports, p. 284, 1890.) (U. S. Dept. Agr. OK Exp. Sta. Bu1. No. 15, p. 369.) (Proc. A. Ph. A,, 27: 158, 1879.) Troublesome weed. California.

1056. 'Datura strantonium L. Jimson Weed, Thorn-apple, Jarnestown-weed, Stink-meed, Apple-of-Peru, Devil's Apple. Annual (rank smelling) herb. Dried leaves and flowering tops; sedative, anodyne, deliriant, depressant, mydrintic. Exotic. Weed in waste places. CuItivated and escaped from cultivation.

1057, Datura tatula L. Purple Stramonium, Purple Thorn- apple. Herbaceous plant. Dried leaves; sedative, anodyne, deliriant. Seeds; poisonous. Cultivated. Escaped from cultivation. Common.

1058. Duboisia ntyoporoides R. Br. Corltwood Zlm, Duboisia. Shrub. Reputed to have properties similar to 8tra1noniunt and Belladonna. Leaves ; alkaloid (mydriatic) . Poisonous. Be- quires study, Exotic, Australia. Cultivated, experiment81 gardens.

1059. Fabiana intbn'oata R. and P. Pichi, Fabiana. Shrubby plant; bitter, tonic, diuretic, cholagogue. (Proc. A. PIL A. 34: 394-397,1886.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 37 : 1889.) (Am. Journ. Pharm., p. 65, 1889.) Exotic, South America-Peru. Culti- vated, Southern California. Ornamental.

1060. Hyoscyamus albus IJ. White Henbane, Herbaceous plant. Reputed to have properties similar lo H. niger 11. Seeds- French Codex. Cultivated.

1061. *Hyosoyamus niger L. Henbane, Black Henbane, Hog's- bean, Insane-root. Biennial or annual herb. Dried leaves (with or without the tops) of the plant; sedative, x~nrcotic, deliriant, anodyne, mydriatic. Seeds; formerly official in Codex. Cultivated. Escaped from cultivation. Open sandy soil and waste places.

Solanaceae 131

1062. Lyciunt anders&.i Gray. Matrimony-vine. Shrubby ram- bling plant, Reported poisonous. Berries; used by Indians as food. Requires study. Cultivated as ornamental, California.

1063. Lyciurn barbarum L. Box Thorn, Matrimony-vine, Bas- tard Jasmine. Shrubby thorny plant. Reported poisonous. Leaves and roots ; no doubt have therapeutic virtues--diuretic, alterative. Requires study. (U. S. Disp.) Other cultivated species require study. Cultivated as ornamental, California.

1064. Mandragora oficinarum 5. European Mandrake, Man- drake Apple, Mandragora. Perennial herb. Root ; reputed narcotic-(Peter's History of Pharmacy and Medicine). Exotic, Mediterranean regions. Cultivated, California.

1065. Nicandra pkysoloides aaertn. Apple of Peru, Peruvian Bluebell. Annual erect branching herb. F r ~ i t ; diuretic (fly poison). Exotic, South America. Cultivated.

1066. Nicotiana attenuata Torr. Tobacco. Ilekbaceous plant. Reported as having been used by Indians as a substitute for smolring tobacco. Properties, no doubt, eimilar to N. tabacum JJ. 1Zequires ~ltudy. Cultivated and escaped from cultivation.

1067. Nicotiana bigetovii Wats. Indian Tobacco. Herbaceous plant. Reported used for wnolcing in a mixture with bear- berry leaves and as snuff. Requires atudy. California.

1068. Nicotiana glauca Uraham. Tobacco Tree. Shrubby plant. Reported poisonous to stock. (Hall.) Requires study. Exotic. Cultivated, California.

1069. Nicoliana quadrivalis Pursh. Herbaceous plant. Has been used for smoking. Reputed poisonous. Requires study. Wil- lamette Valley, Oregon.

1070. Nicotima rustica L. Tobacco, Indian Tobacco, Real To- bacco, Syrian Tobacco. Annual herbaceous plant. Leaves; has similar properties to N. tabacum L. Indians cultivated several varieties of tobacco.

1071, Niootiana tabacum L'. Virginia Tobacco, Common To- bacco. Annual herbaceous plant. Leaves; sedative, sternutatory, nauseant, depressant, local irritant. Solution of tobacco applied to relieve neuralgia, rheumatism, abscesses, felon. Smolring--chronic asthma. Cultivated.

1072. Physalis d2lcelcengi L. Winter Cherry, ~h inese Lantern- plant, Strawberry Tomato, Bladder-herb. S$reading annual

132 Sterculiaceae

or perennial herb. Fruit ; diuretic, laxative, refrigerant. Exotio, Southern Europe to Japan. Cultivated-ornamental.

1073. *Scopola oarnwlica Jacq. Scopola. Perennial herb. Poi- sonous. Similar properties to Belladonna. (U. S. Disp.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 47: 285-297, 1889.) Exotic, Southwestern Russia, Southern Europe. Cultivated.

1074. *Solmum oarolinense L. Horse Nettle, Bull-nettle, Apple- of-Sodom. Perennial herb. Ripe fruit ; diuretic, autispasmodic, anodyne (flnrcotic), sedative. Fields and waste areas. Cul- tivated.

1075. *So lanw Dtdcantara L. Bitter-sweet, Dulcamara, Climb- ing Nightshade, Wolf-grape. Perennial twining undershrub. Branchlets and dried stems; sedative, anodyne, narcotic,

' alterative, resolvent (skin affections). Cultivated. 1076. flolanzcnt nigrzcnb L. Blaclr Nightshade, stubble-berry,

aarden Niglitshade, Hound's-berry. Herb ; vulnerary (feeble nnrcotic), deliriant, diaphoretic, Adulterant of Belladonna. (Brazil-gonorrhoea and syphilis.) Unripe fruit; poisonous. Requires study, In waste places (introduced). Lakes and river bnnits.

1077. flolanzm triflor~tnt Nutt. Sprending Nightshade. Low nn- nual herb. Reported poisonous. (Pammel.) Requires study. Native ~f the plains. Eastern California northward.

1078.' *Solanunt twbevosa L, Potato, Common or Irish Potato, Spuds. Herbaceous plant. Young shoota (tubers) ; used as a reagent, especially for diastase. Nutrient. Source of sts.rch. Cultivated (varieties).

1079. Bolan~cnt wzbelliferitnb Esch. Herbaceous p h t . Fruit ; yields an oil-reputed useful as an external application for skin eruptions. Decoction of root; useful for colic and bowel complaints. (Schneider.) California plains or ranges.

Sphagnaceae 1080. Bphagnum speaies. Peat-moss, Bog-moss. Spkagnunz int-

brkatunt, S. palustre, 8. ntagellaniozcnt, S. papilloszm, possess absorptive powers. Surgical dressings during World War. (U. S. Disp.) Moist bogs.

Sterculiaceae 1081. Abronta angusta Lam. Wollut comul. Nvergreen shrub.

Root-bark; reputed to have similar properties to cotton-root

Tiliaceae 133

bark-mentrual disorders. Requires study. Exotic, Asia, East Indies, Australia. Cultivated in greenhouses. Ornamental.

1082. A.broma fatuosa L. Bvergreen shrub. Reputed to have medicinal properties. (Amer. Journ. Med-. S,ci., July, 1873.) Cultivated.

1083. Premontia cdifornica Torr. California Slippery Elm. Mountain Leather-wood. Tree. Bark and inner bark; demulcent (poultices). (U. S. Geog. Surv., Wheeler's Report Bot. 6 :, 41,) Abundant in the southern Sierra Nevada region.

1084. Sterculia acuminata. Shrub to tree.. Fruits ; reputed to contain Caffeine. (I-ICN,) Other species of Xterculia are cultivated. Source of Sterculia gum. Requires study. (Pharm. Journ. Trans., Nov,, 1889.)

S tyraceae 1085, Diospyros virginiuna L. Persimmon, Date-plum, Common

Persimmon, Possum-wood. Tree. Unripe fruit and bark; tonic, astringent, anthelmintic, bitter, haemostatic, antiperiodic. Cultivated, Southern California. . .

Theaceae 1086. ~ h e a ' japmtica. Camellia, Japanese Tea. Shrub. Leaves ;

used as an adulterant of the true Tea. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 209, 1879.) Exotic, Orient. Cultivated, California.

1087. '[l'l~ea sinensis 11. Tea, Tea Plant, Chinese Tea. Shrub. Leaves ; yield Cail'eine-used as a beverage, stimulant. Other species of Tl~ea, no doubt, have similar properties. Exotic, China and Japan. Cultivated, Southern California.

TI1 ymelaceae 1.088. "Daphne ntezerewn IJ. Mezereon, Spurge Laurel, Wild

Pepper. Shrub. . Bark ; diuretic, irritant, vesicant, alterative. Fruit ; used as an adulterant for black pepper. Cultivated (ornamental plant).

Tiliaceae 1089. !Mia A~neticana L. Basswood, American Linden, White-

wood, Bee-tree, Yellow Basswood. Tree. Flowera; reputed antispasmodic, anodyne. Leaves; yield a saccharine exudate resembling Nanna. Other species as T. argelttia (T. tmetosa) -used as a substitute for Tea. Introduced. Cultivated.

Turneraceae 1090. *Turnera diflusa WiIld. Damiana. Shrub. Leaves; aro-

matic, tonic, expectorant, stimulant, laxative. lteputed aphrodisiac. Exotic, West Indies, South America, Mexico. Cultivated, California, Lower California.

Typhaceae . 1091. Typha latifolia L. Cat-tail Flag, Common Cat-taiI, Great

Reed-mace, Flag-tule, Candle-wick, Flax-tail, Water-torch Stout erect aquatic herb. Medicinal properties doubtful. Re- quires study. Margins of swamps, ponds and lakes, abundant.

Ulmaceae 1092. + Ulmzcs fulva MiEhx. Elm, Slippery Elm, American EIm.

Tree. Dried inner bark; demulcent, emollient, nutrient. In- dians used inner barlr to draw pus from wounds by means of forcing small splinters into sore and binding with poultice to reduce swelling. Cultivated.

1093, Ulntus species. Elm. Shrubs to trees. Numerous species of Elntus exist in the coast region. Bark; mucilaginous, demulcent. liequires study. klxotic and introduced, ornamental trees.

U~nbelliferae 1094. A?1-ethm graveole~cs IJ. Dill, Garden Dill. Annual to

biennial herb. Fru i t ; aromatic, carminative, flavoring, condiment. Cultivated.

1095. *Avgelica atropzcrpcrea L. Angelica, American Angelica, Purple Angelica, Masterwort. Herbaceous plant, llool; nnd seed; aromatic, carminative, stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic. Cultivated.

1096. Aitgelico ltenderso?~; C. and R. Herbaceous plant, Roots; reputed aromatic. Used by Indians for snake bites, colic, colds, catarrh. Requires study. Other species and varieties, as A. tonte?btosa Wats., are worthy of consideration. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. 111) 371.) On the seacoast, Washington to California.

1097. *Angelica oficd?talis Moench. (Arcknngelica oficinalis Iloffm.) Zuropean Angelica, Garden Angelica, Angelica, Archangel. Herbaceous plant. Root and fruits; aromatic,

Umbellif erae 135

carminative, stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic. Exotic, Northern Europe. Cultivated.

1098. *dpium graveolens L. Celery, Smallage, Marsh Parsley. Biennial (sometimes annual or perennial) cherb. Dried ripe fruit; reputed nervine, antispasmodic, irritant, aphrodisiac, evacuant, aperient, diuretic. Exotic. Cultivated.

1099. Apium nodifiorum Reich. Water Parsnip. Perennial herb. Reputed poisonous. This and other specieti formerly used in cutaneous diseases. Requires study. (~chnefder.) California.

1100. Apiunt petroselium L. Parsley, ~omrnoh or Garden Pars- ley. Annual to perennial herb. Dried fruit ynd root; diuretic, cmmenagogue, carminative (urinary disbrders, intestinal colic). Formerly official-U. $. P. and N. F. Cultivated.

1101. *Cavf&rn ajowan Bentley. Ajowan, Hindustan, Ajava. Herb. Fruit ; aromatic, carminative, -antisp smodic, antiseptic ? . --source of Thymol. Used similar to caraway seed. Exotic, India. Cultivated.

1102. *Carurn carvi L. Caraway, Carvies. Biennial herb. Ripe fruit ; stimulant, carminative, diuretic, stomachic,, flavoring agent. mxotic. Clay soil with humus. Cultivated.

1103. Carunt gaivdneri Gray. Wild Caraway. Glabrous erect herb. Reported poisonous. Used by the Indians. (Palmer.) (Proc. A. Ph. A.'27 : 193, 1879.) (Schneider.) Requires study. Common in meadows and lowlands.

1104. Caucalis nzicrocarpa Hook. m d Arn. Hedge Paraley. Annual erect hispid herb. Plant; reputed useful. for snake bites-poultice. (Calif. Geol, Surv. 1: 272.) (U. of C. Agr. Xxp. Sta. Rep., p. 244, 1890.) Requires study. I n fields and prairies, Vancouver Island, B. C., adjacent Washington. East of Cascades, southward into California. (Piper and Beattie.)

I 1105. Caucalis nodosa Huds. Annual hispid herb. .Properties i reputed similar to C. nticrocarpa Hook. and Arn. Remedy for

i snake bites. Requires study. Prairies and fields, California

I northward. 1106. Cicuta ' bolanderi Wats. Large Water ' Hemlock. Stout

saIt marsh perennial. Reported poisonous. Requires study. (TJ. S. Disp.) San Francisco Bay and salt marshes.

1107. Cbuta Do~glasii (DC.) Coult. and Rose: Purple-stemmed Water Hemloclr. Q,labrous stout marsh perennial. Reputed poisonous. Requires study. Common in swamps (mouth of

Columbia River). Western range, Oregon, Idaho and Wash- ington.

1108. Cicuta macabala L. Water Hemloclr, Cow-bane, Poison Hemlock, Spotted Cow-bane. a-labrous mnrsh perennial. Plnnt

, (root) ; reputed local anodyne and alterative, convulsive. Swampy lands. Introduced from enst.

1109. Ciouta occidentdis GFreene. Wypming Water I-Iemloclr, Indian Suicide Plant, Marsh perennial. Poisonous. Root ; w e d by Indians for suicidal purposes. Requires study. Swamps and marshes.

1110. Ciozcta vngans Greene. Oregon Water I.Iemloclr. (rlabrous stout marsh perennial. Plant poisonous. Propertics similar to Coniunt, Requires study. I n swamps, Northern California to British Columbia.

1111. Cicutn vivosa califortaka C. and R. California Water I-Iemloclr. Perennial marsh herb. Plant ; poisonous. lEequires study. S w ~ m p s nkw San Francisco Bay.

1112. *Coniunt ntaculatwn L. Poison Hemloclr, Spotted Parsley, Poison P~rs l ex , Spotted Cow-bane. Large poisonous biennial herb, Fru i t an8 leaves; sedative, anodyne, depressant, poison. Other species of Cmtizcnt require study. Exotic. Cultivated. Escaped from cultivation in some localities.

1113. *Coriundr~cm sativum L. Coriander. Annual aromatic herb. Dried ripe fruit ; condiment, carminative, aromatic, stimulant, . stomaohic, flavoring agent. Cultivated. Fertile soil. Escaped from gardens, waste lands.

1114. Cymopteris maulis Rydb. Low glabrous perennial herb. Plant ; poisonous ( I ) . Indians used roots as food. Requires study. California.

1115. Cymopteris anisatum. Perennial herb. Plant ; aromatic ( ?) , bitter, stomaohic, condiment, carminative, tonic. Indians used roots as a food. Requires study. California.

1116. Cymopteris fendleri Gray. Perennial herb. Plant closely resembles C, misatunt. (U. S, Geog. Surv., Wheeler's Rep. Bot. 6 : 44.) Requires study. California.

llfi, Daucus carota L. Wild Carrot, Bee's-nest, I3ird1s-nest, Devil's-plague. Biennial liispid herb. Frui t o r seeds ; reputed stimulating diuretic, emmenagogue. Root ; esaulent, vulnerary. (U. S. Disp,) ,Troublesome weed.

Umbellif eras 137

1118. Daucus pi.sillus Michx. Rattlesnake-weed. Annual hispid herb. Plant; reputed used in treatment of snake bite. (Calif. GeoI. Surv. Bot. 2:452.) (Contrib. U. S. Nut. Herb. 7 : No. 3, 13. 372.) (Schneider.) Common in dry fields and prairies.

1119. Eryngiunz aquaticum L. Water Eryng'o, Rattlesnake's- master, Rrtttlesnake-weed, Rattlesnake Flag, Button Snake- root. Herbaceous erect plant. Root; acrid, aromatic, diaphoretic, expectorant, sialagogue, emetic (antidote for snakebites -substitute for Senega). Other species require study. Moist woods and swales, rare.

1120. Eulop~tzcs bolanderi C. and R. Herbaceous plant ; reputed nutrient. Indians use roots as food. Medicinal properties doubtful. Requires study. California. -

1121. *Poedculum vulgare Mill. Fennel, Giant or Large Fen- nel. Perennial aromatic herb. Dried ripe fruit ; stimulant, cnrminative, flavoring agents, galactagogue, stomachic, aromatic, Well-drained limed soil.

1122. Beracleunt lanatunz Michx. Cow Parsnip,' Masterwort, Youthwort. Stout erect pubescent perennial herb. Root and leaves ; acrid, irritant, poisonous-reputed carminative, stimn- lank-dyspepsia. Used by Indians as food. Abundant in wet localities.

1128. Iiydrocatyle ra~u~zcu lo ides L. f. Floating Marsh Penny- wort. Low perennial herb. Plant; alterative, narcotic, emetic. Used in cutaneous diseases. common around muddy banks of ponds and marshes.

1124. Inaperatoria ostltrutltiunz L. Felonwort, Imperial Master- wort, Broad-leaved Hog's-fennel. Perennial herb. Roots and rhizomes ; aromatic, acrid, masticatory, mild stimulant. Adul- terant of Acolzite root, Leaves; aromatic-reputed used in manufacture of Swiss cheese; Exotic, Europe. Cultivated, . . . California. I . .

1125. Levisticum oflcinalis Kooh. Lovage, Buropean Lovage, Italian or .a.arden Lovage, Sea Parsley, Smellage. Perennial herb. Root and fruit; carminative, stomachic, diuretic, emmenngogue. Bxotic. Cultivated.

1126. Ligusticunt apiifoliunt (Nutt.) Gray. Perennial herb. Roots; nromat,ic-reputed used by Indians as cough remedy. Requires study, Eare in open woods and prairies. Mouth of Willamette River.

138 Us~tbetlif erae

1127. Ligzcsticunt canadense (L.) Britt. American Lovage. Qlabrous perennial herb. Root ; aromatic, carminative, stom- nchic. Cnltivated-rich ground.

1128. Ligusticunz filiciniunz Wats. Colorado Cough-root, Osha. Perennial herb. Roots; aromatic, expectorant, stomacllic, carminative. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 1890 and 1891.) California.

1129. Ligusticum Eevisticunt L. Italian I,rovage. Perennial herb. Root and fruits; reputed aromatic, stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue-similnr to L. o f l c i d i s IZoch. Cultivated.

1130. Oenanthe cal.lfornica Wats. Fool's Parsnip. Aquatic licrb. Plant ; reported poisonoi~s. Requires study. California. Wet localities.

1131. Oenant11,e snmte~ttosa Presl. Water Lovage, alnbrous aquatic herb. Plant ; reported poisonous. Requires study. Common in wet places. Nootlra Sound.

1132. Osmorrkiza bracitpoda Torr. Sweet Cicely, Wnsllingt;onin, Sweet Chervil. Perennial herb. Plant (seeds) ; aromatic, anise- like. R,oot~; reputed used in cough remedy. Racp~ires study. Open woods, Cnlifornin northward.

1138. Osmorrhiza longistylis 1'. and a,. Smoother Sweet; Cicely, Anise-root;, Sweet Anise, Sweet Jnrvil, Cicely-root. Perennial herb. Root ; aromatic, carminative, expectorant, stomachic. 1Zich woods. Canada soutl~ward.

1134. Pestinaca sativa 1;. Parsnep, Mad-nep, Queen-weed. Qlu- brous erect biennial herb. Root ; esculent. Secds ; diuretic. Common garden plant. Often escaped from cultivation.

1135. Pezwedmum a.mbiguum Nutt. Cowish. Perennial herb. Indians used tubers as food. Medicinal virtues doubtful. Re- quires study. Moist localities.

1136. Peucednnunt f f rayi i 0. and I t . Rog-fennel. Perennial Ilerb. Plnnt ; reported poisonous. (Am. Journ. I'l~arm., 1867, 1.868, 1873, 1890.) 1Zcquires study. Waste barren places.

1137. Peucedmunt ntontanum. Perennial herb. Plant ; reported poisonous. Roots of most spccies used by Indinns as food. 1Eequires study. arnvelly soil. California nortl~warcl.

1138, P e u c e d a ~ t u ~ n palustre Moench. March Parslcy, Marsh Smallage, Swamp Hog-fennel. Porennin.1. licrb. Root ; aromatic, pungent, acrid. Iteputed useful in epilepsy. Bxotic, Europe. Common in marshes.

1139. Peuceda?titne pla~tycarptnz. Perennial herb. Plant ; reported poisonous. lEequires study, California.

1140. Peucedawm scopularum Gray. Indian Cabbage. Peren- nial herb, Plant; reputed to have medicinal properties. Used by Indians as food. Requires study. California. Marshes.

1141. Peucedawnt zct~.iodatum Nutt. F i r Clover. Perennial herbaceous plant. Indians use young leaves as food. Medicinal properties doubtful. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: (No. 111) 373.) (Schneider.) California.

1142. "Pimpinella anisurn 11. Anise, Anise Plant, Common Anise, Sweet Cumin. Annual herb. Fruit (seeds) ; carminative, stomacliic. SourcsAnise Oil. Moderately rich soil. Cultivated. , .

1143. Sawicula mari lmdica 1,. Black Snakeroot, 'Sanicle, Ameri- can Saniclc, Black Sanicle.. Glabrous erect perennial herb. Root ; astringent, antiperiodic, . antispasmodic. Vancouver Island, 13. C., southward.

1144. Siunt cicutnefolium Brnel. ' .American 'Water Parsnip, I-Iemloclc Water Parsnip. Perennial erect marsh herb, Plant; reputed to haw poiuonou~ properties. Requires study. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 25: 168, 1877.) Other species of Siufn, as 8. suave Walt. arc worthy of consideration. Common along edges of lalie, marshes and swamps.

Urticaceae 1145. Urtica kolosericea Nutt. Hoary Nettle, Nettle. Stinging

hirsute herb. Plant ; irritant, alterative. ' Requires, study. Low grounds and stream banks; Washington south to northern bower California. Monterey, Calif.

1146. Urtica Lvallii Wats. Lyall's Nettle, Stinging Nettle. Perennial herb with stinging hairs. Plant; counter-irritant, alterative. U. Lyall i cali fo~nica and other species of nettle have similar eflects. Requires study. Low grounds, Canada, southern Alaska to the coastal region of Oregon. .Northern boundary of Wlmtcom County (Dr. Lyall).

1147. Urtica u r e ~ t s L. Small Nettle, Dwarf Nettle, Burning or Stinging Ncttlu. Pekennial herb. Plant ; irritant, alterative. (Cal. Geog. Surv. 13ot, 2:65.) Requires study. Exotic, Europe. In waste places (garden and orchard weed).

140 Violaceae

Valerianaceae 1148. *Vaieria?ta 0flciu.~li8 JJ. Valerian, Uartlen Valerian, Qrent

Wilcl Valerian, Common Valerian. Tall perennial herb. Ithi- zoines and roots; nervine, antihysteric, antispasmodic, altcra- tive. Cultivated.

1149. Valerimla sitclwnsh Bong. Tall perennial herb. Plant; reputed to have similar properties to V. of lcbal is L. Plant; fragrant to unpleasant odor. Abundant in mounlaiua at tree limit. Sitka region.

1150. V a l e r i m sylvatica Banlrs. Wood Valerian, Swamp or Marsh Valerian. Perennial herb. Plant ; aromatic. Roots ; reputed similar to V. oflici~tnlis L. Used by Indians as food. ltequires study. Wet grouuds of the Sierras. Ctlliforuirr northward.

Verbenaceae 1161. L a d a n a Brasilie?tsis Link Yerba Sagrada. llerb ; re-

yul;ed an tispasmodic. Leaves ; febrif uge. 'Yields an allraloid resembling Quinine. Exotic, Bmeil. California.

1162. Lippia citriodoko Kuntli. Lcnion Verbella, Lemon-scenl;etI Verbena, Snfect Verbena. Small shrub. Lenves; ~romatic- source of Oil of Verbena. Xxotic, South America. Cultivated ---ornamental.

1153. Liypia dzclcis Trev. Mexican Verbena. 13usliy odorous plant; aromatic, stimulnnt, demulcent, expcctoranl. l0xotic, Mexico, West Indies. Cultivated. (L. c~1cesce7ls I1131C. also cultivnted in California.)

1164. +'Verbe?ca hastala L. Blue Vervain, Wild Vervain, Com- mon Vervain, American or False Vervain, Wild Hyssop. Rough erect perennial. Flovering herb; expectorant, sudorific, diaphoretic, nauseant, irritant, antiperiodic. Indians used decoction of leave6 for colic. Infusion Prom roots for urinary disorders. Otlier species of V e r b e m are worthy. of consideration. In moist fields wd meadows. Victoria, B. C . , to Willamette Valley, Oregon.

Violaceae 1156. Viola tricolor L. Pansy, Garden Violet, Cupidli+deligbt.

13eart1s-pansy, Johnny-jump-up. Annual to perennial plant. Herb (fresh plant); reputed emollient, slightly laxative,

emetic, pectoral-nephritic and cutaneous diseases. Other specios of Viola common and worthy of consideration. Wood- lands and gardens.

Vitnceae

1156. An~pelopsis qui~tquefoliunt Michx. Virginia Creepeq American Ivy, False Grape, 'F'ive-finger, Wild Woodvine. Strong woody climbing yine. Twigs and bark; diuretic, tonic, expectorant, alterative:,' (Overdoses-eznef;ic, purgative, sedative, mydriatic.) (Proc. A. Ph. A., 25 : 187, 1877.) Cultivated.

1157. VitG species. Woody climbing vines. Numerous varieties of grapes are cultivated. Pruit ; esculent. Fermented j u i c e winos. Throughout coast region.

Zingiberaceae 1158. "Blettaria cardamon~un~ Maton. Cardamon, Cardomom.

Tall, spicy, pereunial herb. Fruit ; aromatic, carminative, con: ilirnont. Ex~t ic , Indo-China. Cultivated, Southern California.

1.159. "Zirt.giber ol]ioipde 12osc. Qinger Plant. Perennial herb. Bhizomes ; stimulant, carminative, anodyne, condiment. Culti-

I vated, Southern California. I Zygophylhceae

I 13.60. Larvea ntexioana Moric. Creosote Bush, Tar-weed. Brushy plant ; alterative, antisyyhiltic. Yields a coloring matter and a

1 I gum (1e.c)-from sting of insect. Leaves; reputed anti-rheu- I matic. Used by Indians for skin erosions. (U. S. Geol. Surv.,

1 Wheeler's Rep. Bot. 6 : 41.) (Calif. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1: 92.) (U. of 0. Agr. Exp, Sta. Rep., 1895-97.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 26:

I 206, 1879.) Exotic, Mexico, arid regions. Eastern California ! ta Arizona.

BIBLIOaRAPHY (References) T h e following works have been consulted nnd credit i s duo tlie authore

o f same. Abmme , Illirstrated Flora of tlie Pacifio Coast States (Vol . I ) . American Homeopathio Pharmaoopoeia. &gar, S h r u h of the United States. Dniley, Cyolopoedia of American Ilortioz~lture. Uniley, Natwal of Gultivatcd Plants. Bartholow, illateria Nedica and Thempezctics. Dnstado, Hateria dledica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. British Pharmacopoeia. Ilritish Pharntaoewtical Coden. Uri t ton ~ n d Drown, Illu,strated Flora. 33ro~vno. The l'rees o f Anaerica. ~ r u n d & e , ilianual o j l'ocioology. C11nvman. Flora o f the Southern United Slates. ~ l e k n t a , ' ~ t o w e r s ~ o f C o w t and Sierra. Culbreth, NaCeria dledica and Pharmacology. Cushny, Pharmacology and [l'herapeutics. Deutsches Areneibuch. Dixon, Manual of Phar~nncology. DmgendorE, Plant dnalysis , Qttalitati~ue and (auuntilative. Eaetmood, Flora of the Pacific Coast. Englor and Uildormoister, S ~ l l a b u s der Pj'lanacn. Epitome of the U.9.P. and N.F. Fnrntacopea Afexicana. Feltor, Eclectio Maleria Medica, P71armacology and Therapeutics. Flett , Feattcres of the F l o ~ a of Mo~bnt Ilainier National Park. Fryo nnd l t igg, Northwest Flora. lh l lor , Chcnaistry and dnnlys is of I1rrr.g~ and Alediciner. Uildoruoister m d IIoiTmnnn, T h e Volatile Oils. Urny, ilfanunl of Botany. Ureene, Handbook o f Pharmacology. Hall and Hall, A Posemito Flora. EInre, Practicai Tl~erapelctics. XInae and Hill, T h e Chemietry o f l ~ l a n t Produots. Henry, Plant Alkaloids. I l end~nm, Uountain Wi ld Flowers of AmerCca. Hutchinson, T h e Families o f Plotyering Plants. Jepeon, A Flora of California. Journds . Kraemcr, Econontio Botany. Kmemor, Scientific and Applied Pharulcogn,osy. Lloyd, Origin and Bistory of all the Phurnwcopeial 'Vegetable Drugs,

Chemicals and Preparations. Lyons, Plant Names. Mansfiold, Nateria illedioa and P?barmacogn~osy. hIurrel1, d i d s t o Forenio Illedicine and [l'oxicology. National 8tandard Dispensatory. New and Non-ojicial Remedies, A m e r i c m Medical Association. Osborne, Prinoiplea of Therapeidi.cs. Pamrnel, Illanud of Poisonous Plants, Piper nnd Beatt ie, T h e Flora of the Norlhwcst Const, Pl i~nmer , Practical, Organic and Bio-Chemistry. Poulsson, Pharmacology and I'i~erapeutics. Proceedings of The American Plaarrnnccuticnl Aasocintion.

142

Ilocord, Rconornio moods of the United States. Itusby, Dlise, Dnllrtrd, Properties altd Use8 of D ~ g 8 . Snunders, W e a t e ~ ~ n Flower Guide. Bayre, Orgclnio Hateria Jfedica and Pharmacognosy. Bchmoil, Lehrbuclr d. Uotanik. f3clinoider, I'liarmcal Plants and Their C@turc. Bl~revo, The Vegetation of a Desert 2tiormtain Range as Conditioned b y

Climatic Factors. Bolis-Cul1en-~itl1on~1, Pharmco-Therapeutics. 8olln1mn, ,l'11.e Action of Drugs. 8ol1inn.nnJ A Xanual of Pkar?nacology. Sudwortl~, Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope. Swecster nnd Rent , E e y and Flora of the Cornnwn Flowers of Oregon. 'l'l~atchor, Chemistry of Plant Life. I'he National Forntulary, IV, V. Tlro a t a n d a d Cyclopedia of Iiortict~lture. The United States .Phnrmacopoein, VXI , V I I I , IX, X. Tlwrntou, Tami l y LTcrbal, Trier, Cliemic der Pflanzenstofe. United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletins and Pamphlets. Uniterl States Dispensatory. Vse fu l Drugs, American Medical Association. Wa l l and Buppan, IIandbook of Plrurmacognosy. "

Warnning and Pottor, Systematio Botan?/. W n o h b u n ~ und Rlonlo, I'harn~acognosy and Materia Medica. TYild fifedi,cinal Plants of the United fJtates, U. 8. Dopt, o f Agric. Bulletin, Wooton, Chronicle of Pharmacy. Yonngkcn, Il'eztboob of Pharmacognosy.

TECHNICAL BO'I'ANI CAL TERMS ACAULRBOENT : stemless. ALKALOID: complex nitrogenous plant constituont, usually with pronounced

activity. AA~ENT: sbmless, scdy spike of infIorosonco. ANNUAL: plant growing for duration of one year. AQUATIC: growing in water. B A L ~ A A K : aromatic natural plant product (volatile oil, n resin, in com-

bination with benwic or cinnamic acids, or their derivatives). BARK: protective or outer coating of plnnts. B ~ a a a : flesh ulpy fruit with embeddod seeds. BIENNUL: &nf growing for duration of two years. Boa: wet, spongy grouncl-swamp. Busn: woody, much branched smaller than a ~hrub. CAUDEX: persistent stem or trunk baso-plnnt axis (ferns or palms). CORM: compact, solid, thickenod and enlnrgod erect stem base. Dm,: substnnce irnpnfiing stain or color. EPIPEYTIO: growing (non-parasitically) upon or outside another plnnt. EXTRACT: condcneod plnnt constituont rernoved by a solvent. EXOTIC: plant of foreign habitat. EXUDATE: product rcaulting from oozing plant juice. FERN: flowerless plant 114th broad, foathery leaves-roproducos by spores. FILICLE : fern-liko. F~onm: small flower, 'vsunlly of dense cluster. FRUIT: edible product of n plnnt (socds and surrounding succulent tissue).

Afntured ovary with intimately connectod pnrts. G~Annor~s : smooth. G~ucos~vs: complox organic constituent which, upon decomposition, yields

suglir nnd some otlior aubst,nnco. IIA~ITAT: nativu place of gromtll (whore originnlly grown). HERB: plant without a persistent woody stem.

' ' HIPS: fruit of the rose. HIRBUTE : coarse, ntifP hairs. I~ISPID: rigid, bristly hairs. I N D I Q E N ~ ~ ~ : native to region or area. JUICE: con sap. LATEX: lnilky juice or sap of certn.in plnnts. LEQUME: pod retaining scods-breaking open along sutures. LICHEN : t l ~ a l l u ~ of n symbiosis character. Moss: low tufted, appnrontly flowerless, bog plant. P a n ~ s ~ ~ r a : plant deriving its nourisl~rnent from other living plants or

animals. PEEL: outer layer or coat of a fruit. PETIOLE: leaf stem. PERENNIAL: plnnt lasting year after year. PERBIBTENT: remaining or continuing over a period of time. PISTILLATE: female flowora.

, PORE: spore-bearing tubo of flowerless plants. PROCUMDENT: lying or trailing on tlie ground. PROSTRATE: flat on the ground. PUBESCENT: soft, flne haire. PULP: aoft succulent or fleshy part of fruits. PULQUE: ferment drink made from plant juice. RHIZOME: thickened (enlongnted) underground stom-root-stock of plant. RIND: thick peel of a fruit. ROOT: uudorground doecanding axis of a plant.

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