PHILOSOPHY OF MAN

“Philosophy may not teach us how to make a living; but it shows us that life is worth

living”

MARIONITO L. HINACAY

PHILOSOPHYThe love

of wisdomA discipline not to be defined but to be

inquired into

It knows no limits just as the human mind knows no boundaries

A desire or interest for an intellectual inquiry

It search for the rational explanations of reality and of man himself

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

PHILOSOPHY

PHILOS(LOVE)

SOPHIA(WISDOM)

???

DERIVED FROM THE TWO GREEK WORDS

QUESTIONINGThe core in every philosophical inquiry

PHILOSOPHIZINGAnyone who asks questions

PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING

THREE FUNDAMEN

TAL CONDITION

S OF AN

AUTHENTIC QUESTION

THE PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD

LOGIC

The art of correct thinking and reasoning which is considered as a tool in facilitating questions and answers

Serve to support in arriving at clear, correct, valid, and consistent answers to questions which is the primary consideration in the other branches of philosophy

PHILOSOPHY As a Discipline of Questioning can be Explain in

Two Points:

DYNAMIC

• Because it is an unending series of questions

• Every answers become a new question

PERSONAL

•Man’s answer to a question may be valid to him but not to others•Philosophical concepts are not immutable because it differs from one to another

ELEMENTS OF AN IMPROVED PHILOSOPHICAL REASONING

• Following the established scientific

rules for correct thinking

• Observing certain order or procedure

• Considering things from disinterested point of

view, honestly considering difficulties

and problems, objections, and

alternative point of view

• Avoiding inconsistencies and incoherence

CRITICAL SYSTEMATIC

OBJECTIVEOr

UNBIASEDRIGOROUS

THE MAJOR DIVISION OF PHILOSPHY

•The study of reality or what is real

METAPHYSICS

•The study of knowledge and what we can know

EPISTEMOLOGY

•The study of the goodETHICS

THREE ULTIMATE QUESTION IN PHILOSOPHY

What can we Know?

What is Good?

What is Real?

DIVISION SUBJECT MATTER QUESTIONS

1. METAPHISICS Study of Reality1. What is ultimate reality2. Is it one thing or is it many

different things3. Can reality be grasped by

the senses or is it transcendent

4. What is the mind and what is its relation to the body

2. EPISTEMOLOGY Study of Knowledge

1. What is knowledge2. Is knowledge acquired

exclusively through the senses or by some other means

3. How do we know that what we perceive through our senses is correct

3. ETHICS Study of Human Action

1. What is right2. Are there any objective

standards of right and wrong

3. Are moral values absolute or relative

IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY“AN UNEXAMINED

LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING”

ARISTOTLE1. Philosophy is a way of

life2. Philosophy helps us

achieved better understanding of ourselves and the world

3. Philosophy opens up solutions to the pressing economic, political and social problems

“Character is that which reveals moral purpose,

exposing the class of things a man choose or

avoids”

ARISTOTLE

THREE SUBJECT MATTERS IN PHILOSOPHY

COSMOS

MAN

“PHILOSOPHY IS MERELY AN OSCILLATION OF THE PENDULUM

FROM ONE EXREME TO THE OTHER EXTREME”

EMERITA S. QUITOIT SWINGS FROM ONE POINT OF

HISTORY TO ANOTHER POINTIN A SPECIFIC ERA OF PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY THERE IS A CORRESPONDING

PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

THREE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES

Assignment1. What is the meaning of the following terms?

1. Confucianism2. Taoism3. Yin-Yang4. Tao-Te-Ching5. Wu-Wei

2. What are the countries that are most strongly influenced by Confucianism and Taoism?3. Explain what is meant by the Confucian concept that in “order to govern others, one

must first govern oneself”4. Confucius praised those kings who left their kingdoms to those apparently most

qualified rather than to their elder sons. Do you agree to such political system? Justify your answer

5. Why do you think Confucianism and Taoism were repressed by Chinese communism?6. What is your point of view about the statement that Confucius was a “king without a

crown”? Elaborate well your answer7. Do you agree in all the philosophical concepts of man by Confucianism and Taoism? If

no, which are those in which you agree and disagree? Why?8. If you were to be Confucius or Lao-Tzu in the present time, do you accept such

challenge? Reason out

ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the meaning of the following terms?1. Buddhism2. Hinduism3. Karma4. Nirvana5. Dharma6. Reincarnation7. Samsara8. Doctrine of Anatman

2. Why do you think Buddha, who was sheltered in luxury, renounced early attachments and embarked on a quest for peace? Support your answer

3. Explain elaborately what you understand by the Four Noble Truths4. Do you think that the modern man can achieve the Noble Eightfold Path? Justify your

answer5. Explain the statement “life is a renewed cycle of birth, old age and death” in the

concept of Buddhism6. According to Hinduism concept of man, “man is divine”, explain what this statement

means7. Why is Hinduism did not prosper as a philosophy and religion in the present times?

Justify your answer