Philoshophy Of Mind

PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

The Two Central Problems in the Philosophy of Mind

The Two Central Problems in the Philosophy of Mind

Vs.

ThoughtsFeelings

Sensory experiencesetc.

The Problem of Other Minds (cont’d)

The Problem of Other Minds (cont’d)

AfraidLooking

forward to next

summer’s holiday

Vs.

The Mind – Body Problem

The Mind – Body Problem

MIND

MIND

Two (apparently unique) aspects of mental phenomena

Two (apparently unique) aspects of mental phenomena

CONSCIOUS-NESS

CONSCIOUS-NESS

Intentionality (or aboutness)

Intentionality (or aboutness)

Bush is a jerk

aboutness

Intentionality/aboutness


aboutness

Terminological note

Terminological note

Mental states that have ‘aboutness’ (=‘intentionality’)

Why explaining ‘aboutness’ is difficult

Why explaining ‘aboutness’ is difficult

Bush is a jerk

aboutness

An attempt to explain what ‘aboutness’ is

An attempt to explain what ‘aboutness’ is

Bush is a jerk

aboutness

Causal chain

Why the causal account doesn’t work

Why the causal account doesn’t work

It would be fun to

ride a unicorn.

Causal chain??

Cartesian Dualism

Cartesian Dualism

ThoughtsFeelings


Physical stuff (matter)

Mental stuff (minds)

Consciousness

Intentionality

Thought

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (I)

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (I)

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (II)


I’m going to raise my arm.

Causes

Mental substance (mind) Matter


Problems with Cartesian Dualism (II) Sound

experience

sound waves

Causes

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (III)

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (III)

??

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (IV)

Problems with Cartesian Dualism (IV)

Vs.

ThoughtsFeelings


“Materialist” solutions to the Mind – Body Problem

“Materialist” solutions to the Mind – Body Problem

The advance of materialism


earth

“heavens”



Spooky stuff?

Spooky stuff?



“life force”

“life force”

Live tiger

Dead tiger


The advance of materialism Spooky

stuff??

Spooky stuff??

The “Reductive Materialism” hypothesis

The “Reductive Materialism” hypothesis

Behaviorism

Behaviorism

‘Behaviorism’ in psychology

‘Behaviorism’ in psychology

I am feeling angry

‘Behaviorism’ in philosophy

‘Behaviorism’ in philosophy

I am feeling angry

EQUALS

Analytical behaviorism

Analytical behaviorism

Behaviorism and the Problem of Other Minds

I am feeling angry

EQUALS

Problems for behaviorism (I): Undefinable mental states

Problems for behaviorism (I): Undefinable mental states

Problems for behaviorism (II): Circular definitions

Problems for behaviorism (II): Circular definitions

Problems for behaviorism (III):The 'inverted spectrum' problem

Problems for behaviorism (III):The 'inverted spectrum' problem

The flower looks yellow

The flower looks yellow

Problems for behaviorism (IV): Some wrong predictions


“How did it feel?”

Administer general

anaesthetic

operation



“How did it feel?”

Administer curare + amnestic

operation

... The problem (an argument against behaviorism):

... The problem (an argument against behaviorism):

The (Type-Type) Identity Theory


Snow is white

Snow is white


The (Type-Type) Identity Theory pain

Same event (type)

How the theory deals with the Other Minds Problem

How the theory deals with the Other Minds Problem

Problem for the (Type) Identity Theory: “Chauvinism” about the mental

Problem for the (Type) Identity Theory: “Chauvinism” about the mental

pain

7x5=35

Functionalism (aka “machine functionalism”)

Functionalism (aka “machine functionalism”)

ADDING PROGRAM

2

35

Programs and physical devices

Programs and physical devices

Minds and programs

Minds and programs

Inputs (mouse clicks, keyboard

strokes)

Outputs (screen displays; printouts)

Inputs (light rays; hammers hitting

thumb)

Outputs (body movements; screams;

sentences spoken)

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

‘Functional states’

‘Functional states’

Input 2 Input 3

Output 5

Computer state: ‘remember that a 2 has been input, and get ready to

add a 2nd number’

Computer state: ‘ready to do an add calculation’

Functional states

‘Functional states’ cont’d

‘Functional states’ cont’d

Desire to stay dry

Belief that there is no

shelter at the bus stop

Input: See that it’s raining

Belief that it’s raining

Output: Look for car keys

Functional states

What is...

What is...

pain

pain

?

?

Strong AI

Strong AI

Can machines think?

Can machines think? “What do you think about Saddam’s

trial?”

“I don’t normally approve of the death penalty, but this guy deserves everything he gets.”

Searle’s Critique of Functionalism and Strong AI

Searle’s Critique of Functionalism and Strong AI

A man went into a restaurant and ordered a hamburger. When the hamburger arrived it was burnt to a crisp, and the man stormed out of the restaurant angrily, without paying for the burger or leaving a tip.

Did the man eat the hamburger?

No

What Schank’s computer is doing

What Schank’s computer is doing

Thinking of a restaurant

sceneaboutness

Searle’s argument

Searle’s argument

The setup of the "Chinese room”

Input: Output:

Searle’s argument

Searle’s argument

Searle’s Account of Intentionality


ADDING PROGRAM

2

35

adding

Not a “causal product” of the

symbol manipulation


Pick up brick and throw at window

Window

breaks

Causal product of brick being

thrown



intentionality

intentionality

intentionality

intentionality

???

A Problem for Searle’s View

A Problem for Searle’s View

Some questions for YOU to ponder

Some questions for YOU to ponder

Philoshophy Of Mind

Technology

Transcript of Philoshophy Of Mind