PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PNS/BAFS STANDARD · 2017-10-25 · PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS _____...

Free Range Chicken

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL

STANDARD

PNS/BAFS

ICS

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARDS BPI Compound Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines

Phone (632) 928-8741 to 64; loc. 3301 -3319

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.bafs.da.gov.ph

Draft copy only

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS ______________

Free Range Chicken

Working Draft 3.0 For public consultation

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1 SCOPE 1 2 This standard establishes the minimum requirements for free range chicken production, 3 and covers the methods of production, harvesting and marketing of chicken and chicken 4 products labeled as free range. 5 6 This code covers both commercial and backyard production of free range chicken. 7 8 9 2 REFERENCES 10 11 The titles of the standard publications and other references of this Code are listed on the 12 inside back cover. 13 14 15 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS. 16 17 For the purpose of this Code, the definitions specified in the Philippine National Standard 18 Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practices for Chickens – Broilers and Layers shall apply. 19 20 Other relevant definitions are as follows: 21 22 3.1 Backyard farm 23 Refers to any farm or household raising at least one had of animal or bird and dose not 24 qualify as a commercial farm 25 26 3.2 Broiler 27 Refers to domestic chickens reared for consumption of their meat 28 29 3.3 Commercial farm 30 Refers to any farm which, for poultry chicken, satisfies at least one of the following 31 conditions: a) 500 layers or 1,000 broilers, or b) 100 layers and 100 broilers if raised in 32 combination 33 34 3.4 Free Range 35 Refers to a system of production that raises chickens in a confined environment while 36 allowing the birds to exhibit their natural behavior and allowing them access to forage, 37 grasses, insects, and sunlight. Free range production may be further classified into 38 39

a. Pasture Raised 40 Refers to a method of production where adult birds are kept on pasture 12 months 41 of the year, in an outside area that is mainly covered with living vegetation. The 42 birds have access to the pasture through exits from fixed or mobile houses, and 43 covered verandas if present. They are kept indoors at night for protection from 44 predators but it is prohibited to keep them continually indoors 24 hours per day 45 without access to pasture for more than 14 consecutive days. 46


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47 b. Traditional free range 48

Refers to a method of production that exceeds the minimum requirements (e.g. 49 harvest age) for free range production. 50

51 3.5 Layer hens 52 Refers to domestic chickens reared for consumption of their eggs. 53 54 3.6 Native chicken 55 Refers to chickens found in one geographical location that developed unique physical 56 characteristics, behavior, product attributes adapted to the local environment and are 57 products of selection with no infusion of exotic breeds for at least five (5) generations 58 59 60 4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 61 62 4.1. Free range refers to a system of animal production or husbandry that rears 63

chickens in a manner that allows the birds access to vegetation and sunlight for a 64 minimum period. 65 66

4.2. This type of animal farming addresses both the physiological and behavioral needs 67 of the animals, thereby minimizing stress, and promoting the health and welfare of 68 the animals. 69

70 4.3. The general principles and minimum requirements stated in the Philippine 71

National Standard Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practices for Chickens – 72 Broilers and Layers, as well as other animal farming and related environmental 73 laws and regulations, must also be complied with. 74

75 76 5 OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICE FOR 77

CHICKENS 78 79 5.1 Overarching principles for good farming of chickens are presented in the 80

Philippine National Standard Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practices for 81 Chickens – Broilers and Layers. The practices and requirements stated therein 82 should be complied with. 83

84 5.2 Particular attention should be paid to the provisions regarding: 85 86

(1) Animal housing (section 5.1.4): “Chickens should be provided with sufficient 87 floor space/size suitable for their age, body weight and size to ensure 88 comfort to the chickens. Chickens should be provided with appropriate 89 space to feed and drink comfortably. The feeding and drinking equipment 90 and facilities should conform with the standards/requirements for each 91 species and should be constructed and conspicuously placed such that 92


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chickens are allowed to eat and drink freely, allowing them to behave 93 normally; and contamination with chicken feces and urine is prevented,” 94 and, 95

96 (2) Feeds and Veterinary Inputs (section 5.2.1): “Feeds and veterinary inputs 97

should be used in accordance with label instructions, paying special 98 attention to the withdrawal period of each specific drug being administered 99 before the chickens and/or eggs are sent to market.” 100

101 102 6 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 103 104 Additional requirements specific to free range chicken production are as follows: 105 106 6.1. Breeds 107 108 Only strains or breeds that are available and suited for free range production should be 109 used. Examples are found below: (See Annex A for pictures of free-range and native chicken 110 breeds.) 111 112

Broiler Pure: Rhode Island, Barred Plymouth Rock, Cornish

Hybrid: SASSO, HUBBARD- GRIMUAD

Layers Pure: Leg horns (brown and white), Rhode Island, Barred

Plymouth Rock, Sussex

Hybrid: Dominant, Dekalb Brown, Hy-line Brown, Shaver

Brown, Bovans Brown, Lohmann Brown, ISA Brown

Native Chicken Paraoakan, Banaba, Darag, Joloanon, Camarines, Bolinao,

Boholano, Zampen

113 6.2. Flock size 114

115 Flock size should not exceed 5,000 birds per house with a maximum of 20,000 116 birds per site. 117

118 6.3. Indoor housing or building 119

120 6.3.1. Indoor Stocking Density 121

122 The indoor stocking density should not exceed the following recommendations: 123 124 Fixed building Mobile housing Broilers 10 birds/m2 or

17 kg/ m2

For mobile housing of not less than 10 m2 floor space: 8 birds/ m2 or 13 kg/ m2


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Layers 6 birds/ m2 Not more than 5 birds per nest hole, and 31 cm aerial perch space per hen

Native chicken

6 birds/ m2 Not more than 5 birds per nest hole, and 31 cm aerial perch space per hen

(See Annex B for pictures of indoor and mobile houses) 125 126 6.3.2. Building exit points/popholes (See Annex C for pictures of building popholes.) 127

128 a. Popholes should be evenly distributed along the entire length of the building. 129

130 b. Birds should have unhindered access to the range or building. Chickens must have 131

a clear view of the range from the building when standing at the pophole. 132 133

c. The maximum distance travelled by a chicken within a building to reach a pophole 134 must not exceed 10m. 135

136 d. When a veranda is installed, the total floor area occupied by the veranda on either 137

side of the house must occupy no less than 20% of the calculated floor area within 138 the house. The sides of the veranda should be of solid, waterproof material from 139 ground level to at least top of the pophole, and its roof must be entirely 140 waterproof and insulated. 141 142

e. Minimum requirements for popholes are as follows: 143 144

i. There should be a minimum of two (2) popholes for every 500 birds; 145 ii. There should be at least two (2) popholes every 10 m along one side of a house; 146

and 147 iii. The size of the opening should be at least 46 cm height x 100 cm width. 148

149 150 6.4. Outdoor or range access 151

152 a. The range area must be actively managed to: 153

154 i. Encourage birds to use the range area fully; 155 ii. Maintain vegetation quality; 156 iii. Prevent and/or manage muddy/worn/soddy areas; 157 iv. Prevent chickens from coming into contact with any toxic substances; 158 v. Minimize any build up of parasites or other disease causing organisms; and 159 vi. Offer protection and cover to the birds while they are ranging. 160 161

b. Cut and carry methods for forages and herbs may be practiced as supplement for 162 vegetation but is not a replacement for outdoor access. 163


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164 c. Birds should not be exposed to pasture management practices that may cause 165

them harm, e.g. spraying, pesticide use, sowing, cropping, etc. 166 167

d. The pasture area must include patches with loose substrate (e.g. sand, soil) 168 suitable for dust bathing. (See Annex D for picture of dust bath.) 169

170 6.4.1. Vegetation cover 171

172 a. The outdoor area in free-range systems must consist of pasture mainly covered in 173

vegetation. Course grit must be available to aid digestion of vegetation. 174 175

b. Commercial arable crops are not regarded as acceptable vegetation and excluded 176 from calculations. 177 178

6.4.2. Shade or shelter within the range (See Annex E for pictures of range or pasture 179 area) 180 181

a. There should be sufficient well-drained, shaded resting area for chickens within 182 the range. 183 184

b. There should be 8 to 16 m2 shaded area per 1000 birds 185 186

c. There should be sufficient natural (e.g. trees such as Gemelina, Aratilles, banana, 187 and shrubs, cover crops) and artificial (e.g. horticultural nets, screens, sheds, 188 trailers) shelters in the range area to protect the birds against inclement weather 189 (excessive sunlight, temperatures, rain, and wind), lessen their fear of overhead 190 predators, and be distributed accordingly to encourage full use of the range. 191

192 d. Some of the shade and shelter provisions must be positioned within 20 to 25 193

meters of the house. 194 195

e. Shade and shelters should be of sufficient height to ensure all birds can adopt a 196 normal standing position under it, with sufficient headspace. 197

198 f. Natural cover such as trees or tall shrubs that provide enrichment to the range 199

should account to at least 5% of the total range area 200 201 6.4.3. Outdoor stocking density 202

203 The outdoor stocking density should not exceed the following recommendations: 204 205

Broilers Maximum of 2 birds/m2

Layers Maximum of 1 bird/m2

Native Chicken Maximum of 1 bird/m2


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206 207

6.4.4. Pasture access age or length 208 209

Access to pasture should not start later than 45 days old and continue throughout the 210 growing period. Layers should be allowed access to pasture all throughout the laying 211 period. 212

213 6.4.5. Daylight hours 214

215 Except for inclement weather or for veterinary or emergency reasons, the animals 216 should be allowed a minimum of six (6) hours of daylight per day. 217

218 6.4.6. Pasture rotation 219

220 a. The pasture must be rotated periodically to prevent the land from becoming 221

contaminated and or denuded, and to allow it to recover from use. 222 223

b. A pasture/range management plan must be developed, implemented, and updated 224 annually. The plan should include: 225

i. Pasture or range rotation; 226 ii. How to prevent and/or manage heavily poached/muddy/worn areas; 227 iii. How to minimize any build up of parasites or diseases; 228 iv. Provision and appropriate distribution of natural and artificial shade/shelters 229

and covers; and 230 v. Drainage. 231

232 c. The pasture area should be rested at least 1 month between batches, except for 233

batches with less than 50 birds. 234 235 6.5. Age at harvest/slaughter 236

237 The harvest or slaughter age should not be earlier than 52 days old free-range 238 broilers, and not earlier than 90 days for native chicken. 239 240

6.6. Management Practices 241 242

6.6.1. Beak trimming 243 244

The practice of beak trimming is strictly prohibited. 245 246

6.6.2. Wing clipping 247 248 Clipping of wing feather for native chicken is allowed. 249 250

6.6.3. Diet 251


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252 Diet of the broiler, layer and native chickens should be at least 70% cereal/grains, 253 with the rest coming from forage, grasses, insects, and other supplemental feeds. 254 255

6.7. Labeling 256 257 Only chicken and chicken products coming from farms or production units 258 complying with the above stated requirements may be labeled as ‘free-range’. 259


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Annex A. Breeds of free-range broilers, layers, and native chicken 260 261

262 Figure 1. Rhode Island hen by User:Sherool / Wikimedia Commons 263 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhode_Island_Red.jpg - 264 Accessed 03 July 2017)/ Public Domain 265

266

267 Figure 2. Barred Plymouth Rock hens by Thomas Kriese / Wikimedia 268 Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sophia_and_ 269


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ZsuZsu_walking_the_property.jpg - Accessed 03 July 2017)/ CC-BY-2.0 270

271 Figure 3. Sussex hen by User: CaptainVindaloo / Wikimedia 272

Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title= 273 File:Light_sussex_hen.jpg - Accessed 03 July 2017)/ Public Domain 274

275

276 Figure 4. Brown Leghorn rooster by Fernando de Sousa / 277

Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/ 278 wiki/File:Brown_Leghorn_rooster_in_Australia.jpg - 279

Accessed 03 July 2017)/ CC-BY-SA-2.0 280


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281

282 Figure 5. Banaba black rooster and hen (source: Bureau of Animal Industry 283

- National Swine and Poultry Research and Development Center) 284 285 286

287 Figure 6. Banaba brown rooster and hen (source: Bureau of Animal Industry 288

- National Swine and Poultry Research and Development Center) 289


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290

291 Figure 7. Joloanon rooster and hen (source: Bureau of Animal Industry - 292

National Swine and Poultry Research and Development Center) 293 294

295 Figure 8. Paraoakan rooster and hen (source: Bureau of Animal Industry - 296

National Swine and Poultry Research and Development Center) 297


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Annex B. Examples of Free range housing 298 299

300 Figure 9. Indoor housing (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 301

302 303

304 Figure 10. Indoor housing with nearby range (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 305

306


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307

308 Figure 11. Mobile housing, exterior view (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 309

310 311

312 Figure 12. Mobile housing, interior view (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 313

314 315


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Annex C. Picture of popholes 316 317

318 Figure 13. Building popholes or exit points – example 1 (source: Dr. Justin Gonzales) 319

320

321 Figure 14. Building popholes or exit points – example 2 (source: Dr. Justin Gonzales) 322

323 324


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Annex D. Dust bath 325 326

327 Figure 15. Dust bath (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 328

329


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Annex E. Range or pasture area 330 331

332 Figure 16. Pasture area (source: Bureau of Animal Industry - National Swine 333

and Poultry Research and Development Center) 334 335 336


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337 Figure 17. Range area with vegetation (source: Bureau of Animal Industry - 338

National Swine and Poultry Research and Development Center) 339 340 341

342 Figure 18. Range with natural cover (source: Mr. Joseph Toledo) 343


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344

345 Figure 19. Range with natural cover (source: Dr. Erwin Joseph Cruz) 346

347


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Annex F. Examples of grasses and forage for free-range chicken 348 349 1. Carabao grass (Paspalum renggeri Steud.) 350

Other names for carabao grass: Buffalo grass, T-grass, carabao grass, sour grass, 351 sour paspalum, cow grass 352

353 Figure 20. Carabao grass (source: Dr. Gemerlyn Garcia) 354 355

2. Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) 356 Other names for pinto peanut: Mani-manihan (Tagalog) 357

358 Figure 21. Pinto peanut by Mokkie/ Wikimedia Commons 359 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pinto_Peanut_(Arachis_p360 intoi)_1.jpg - Accessed 30 June 2017)/ CC-BY-SA-3.0 361


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3. Madre de Agua (Trichantera gigantea) 362

363 Figure 22. Trichantera gigantea by Giles Tan/AFZ / Feedipedia 364 (http://www.feedipedia.org/content/nacedero-trichanthera-gigantea - Accessed 365 30 June 2017) / CC-BY-4.0 366

367 4. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, Megathyrsus maximus) 368

369 Figure 23. Panicum maximum by Forest & Kim Starr / Feedipedia 370 (http://www.feedipedia.org/content/guinea-grass-maui - Accessed 30 June 2017) 371 / CC-BY-3.0 372


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373 5. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens, Urochloa decumbens) 374

375 Figure 24. Urochloa decumbens by Harry Rose/ Flickr 376 (https://www.flickr.com/photos/macleaygrassman/7429386486 - Accessed 04 377 July 2017)/ CC-BY-2.0 378

379 6. Centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) 380

381 Figure 25. Centrosema pubescens by Tau’olunga/ Wikimedia Commons 382 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Centrosema_pubescens383 .jpg - Accessed 30 June 2017)/ CC-BY-SA-3.0/ GNU FDL 384


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385 7. Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) 386

387 Figure 26. Malunggay by Judgefloro/ Wikimedia Commons 388 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:JfMalunggay9819Mori389 nagafvf_08.JPG&oldid=214283515 - Accessed 30 June 2017)/ CC-BY-SA-4.0 390

391 8. Azolla 392

Other names for Azolla: Mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern 393

394 Figure 27. Azolla filiculoides by Daniel J. Layton/ Wikimedia Commons 395 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Azolla_filiculoides_MU396 N.jpg&oldid=74825250 - Accessed 30 June 2017)/ CC-BY-SA-3.0/GNU FDL397


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REFERENCES 398 399 European Commission Regulation (EC) No. 543/2008 laying down detailed rules for the 400

application of Council Regulation (EC) no 1234/2007 as regards to the marketing 401 standards for poultrymeat. 402

403 Humane Farm Animal Care. Animal Care Standards for Chickens. August 2014. 404 405 Humane Farm Animal Care. Animal Care Standards for Egg Laying Hens. August 2014. 406 407 Soil Association Organic Standards. Farming and Growing. August 2016. 408 409 PNS/BAFS 184:2016. Code of Good Animal Husbandry Practices for Chickens – Broilers 410

and Layers. Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards. Department of 411 Agriculture. Quezon City, Philippines. 412

413 RSPCA Welfare Standards for Chickens. November 2013 414

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