Philip and Elizabeth The Revolt of the Netherlands and the Spanish Armada.
-
Upload
jada-torres -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of Philip and Elizabeth The Revolt of the Netherlands and the Spanish Armada.
Philip and Elizabeth
The Revolt of the Netherlands and the
Spanish Armada
The goals:
• Know Philip II’s relationship with Charles V, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Tudor
• Describe the Escorial Palace
• Know the reasons behind the revolt in the Netherlands
• Did the Spanish Armada succeed in its goal to invade England, Why or why not?
Philip II was the son of Charles V.
His father split the Holy Roman Empire between Philip and his
uncle.
Philip was married to Henry VIII’s daughter, Mary.
Together, they set about making England Catholic
again.
Philip was not attracted to Mary, but
Mary was in love with him
During Mary’s five year reign, hundreds of Protestants were
burned at the stake, even children younger than ten
Mary will go down in
history as “Bloody Mary”
Philip had to
return to Spain to watch
over his dominions. Mary
died soon
afterwards.
Elizabeth
inherits the
throne
Elizabeth’s priority was to bring peace and prosperity to
her people
and end the great religious divisions
In the beginning,
Philip tried to “be diplomatic” with Elizabeth and England
But, over time, Philip resented Elizabeth’s rule—and Philip
himself became leader of the Counter-Reformation
At the same time, Spain
entered its Golden
Age—1550-
1650, a time of great
cultural achievem
ent
Philip lost numerous wives to disease
and childbirth.
His son, Don Carlos, was held captive when he revolted against his father. He died in captivity.
Philip built a royal residence. It was called the Escorial—and was
designed on a “grill” shape, representing the way that St.
Lawrence was killed.
It was forbidding, monastic, and became a symbol of
austere Catholicism
Philip faced a revolt in the Netherlands, the lands he inherited from his father.
The Netherlands comprised today’s Netherlands and
Belgium The
Netherlands is
sometimes called
Holland after its largest
province.
The Southern Provinces were busy commercial centers.
Their center was Antwerp
The Northern Provinces had
developed a loose federation
There were 17
provinces altogethe
r
As France began to
clamp down its
protestant population
—the Calvinists headed for
the Netherland
s for protection
These Protestants brought with them the Calvinist attitude that the state did not have supreme
allegiance of its people• A league of 200 nobles was formed to stop Spanish Influence—and prevent an inquisition in their country
An inquisition in the
Netherlands would be
disastrous—as, unlike
Spain, there is a growing Protestant Population
Philip’s representatives refuse to listen. The inquisition begins.As a result. . .The Dutch
revolt!
Catholic churches are pillaged and destroyed as
people revolted against the
Spanish domination
Philip sends in the Duke of Alva with
select Spanish
Troops into the Southern Netherlands
Alva’s Council of Troubles sentences
thousands to death. He
punishes the nobles.
These measures only unite the people against a common enemy:
Philip and Spain
William of Orange, the royal house of Holland, emerges as
a leader
William invited the Protestant countries to help harass the
Spanish
He authorized ships to harass or pirate Spanish ships, to raid Spanish occupied
ports. By 1576 opposition to the Spanish superseded the differences between the
provinces
England’s role in the revolt of
the Netherlands
Elizabeth’s reign
strengthened.• But she did not
marry. She did not name a direct heir until she was near death in 1603.
Elizabeth had a cousin, Mary Stuart, who inherited the throne of Scotland. She was young and foolish. She grew
up in France.
After returning to
Scotland, she married her first cousin and had a baby boy. This boy would
eventually become James
I of England and Scotland
Mary made many mistakes in her brief reign. Her husband
was murdered, and she married his suspected murder.
The Scottish Protestants, led by John Knox,
were dismayed by Mary’s
Catholicism and her instability. They wanted her out of the
kingdom.
Eventually, Mary Queen of Scots fled to
England. Baby James
remained in Scotland to be
raised a Protestant. He
would be raised to be Protestant.
Mary Queen of Scots remained under house arrest in England
for 19 years
But while she
lived, she
remained a
rallying point for all
English Catholi
cs
Don Juan, half
brother of Philip II,
hatched a plan to invade
England and put Mary on
the throne as an
Catholic ruler
Elizabeth and quietly aided the Netherlands in past years, but now she signs an alliance with
the Netherlands
English and Dutch raiders continue to pirate and pillage
the rich Spanish Treasure ships
William the Silent is
assassinated by agents of Philip
II in 1584.
Don Juan dies, and now the Duke of Parma comes to the
Netherlands
• Elizabeth continues to face a few internal threats, including the Ridolfi plot (which was in the movie Elizabeth). All of these plots have the goal of returning the Catholic faith to the throne of England
The Duke of Parma splits the 17 provinces. The southern
provinces agree to support the
SpanishThese Southern Provinces become the Spanish Netherlands—which in time
will become the Austrian Netherlands, which in time becomes today’s
BELGUIM
The seven northern provinces
become the UNION of
UTRECHT in 1579.
They will become the United Provinces and
declare their independence in
1581.
Both sides wanted to attack the other
and claim it back.
• Spain wanted to conquer and bring back the North under its control
• The United Provinces wanted to retain the Southern Provinces.
The Duke of Parma moves on Antwerp—Elizabeth sends 6,000 troops to the North to prepare to
attack
Word reaches England that Philip is preparing a great fleet of ships
to attack England
The Duke of Parma will cross over from Antwerp and also attack. With England returned to Catholicism, Spain can then
subdue the revolt in the Netherlands
As the Armada is built, time runs out for Mary Stuart. She had
participated in one too many plots.She was
executed at Fothringham
castle in 1587
England prepares for attack
• Sir Francis Drake is sent to “raid” and burn as many ships as he can.
• He succeeds by raiding the Spanish port of Cadiz. This sets preparations back a year.
The Armada is ready!
•In 1588, the Armada sets sail from Spain to England
One of history’s famous stories. . .
The Armada. .
.
•130 ships•30,000 men
(50,000 also waiting in the Spanish Netherlands)
•2,400 canons
The English are commanded by Sir Francis Drake
• Legend has it that he said he had time enough to finish bowling, and defeat the Armada.
The Armada is picked off bit by bit, and mother nature does
the rest
Philip is defeated
, Elizabeth
reigns supreme
Philip dies a long and painful death in 1598. Elizabeth dies in 1603.
An era ends
The Results: EnglandEngland gains great national pride and love of their country. England
begins to “rule the waves.”
The Results: Netherlands
• The Spanish Netherlands are ruined when the United Provinces (the Dutch) block the mouth of the Scheldt---For the next TWO CENTURIES!
The United Provinces
move toward a Golden
Age, which we will
soon learn about
The Results: Spain
•Spain remains a great power•It is weakening internally, highly
dependant on gold/silver from the New World
•Able Spaniards are siphoned off for church positions
•Portugal and Catalonia re-establish independence
In Spain, the Moriscos (Muslim
descent) are driven out-
•Spain loses an industrious minority
The Dutch become independent in 1609. We will meet them again after the Religious Wars.
You should now know these things:
• Know Philip II’s relationship with Charles V, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Tudor
• Describe the Escorial Palace
• Know the reasons behind the revolt in the Netherlands
• Did the Spanish Armada succeed in its goal to invade England, Why or why not?