PhD Catalogue AB Faculty 2011

phd projects 2010 – 2011Faculty oF architecture and Fine art, ntnu

Faculty of Architecture and Fine ArtNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Alfred Getz vei 37491 TrondheimNorway

Tel. +47 73550275Fax. +47 73595094

E-mail: [email protected]: www.ntnu.no/ab

Front page: Maskros/Dandelion, 10 meters high permanent sculpture in steel & bronze,Trondheim, Norway, 2007. By artists Are Blytt, Niklas Mulari and Mikael Nilsson. Photo by Ruth Woods.

Layout by Lars Schanche Bølviken.Editors: Sarah Speer By, Eli Støa and Kenneth Stoltz.

Print: NTNU-trykk 7491 Trondheim Norway

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art, 2011ISBN 978-82-7551-063-9

Faculty oF architecture and Fine art

Phd catalogue 2010 / 2011

contents

ForeWord: architecture betWeen art and technologythe Faculty oF architecture and Fine artntnu — Facts and Figures

cecilie anderssonJulien s. bourrelleMartin braathenMette byeandreas eggertsenKlaudia FarKasFrancesco goiasteinar grynningÆvar hardarsoneli hatlesKoghallgriM hJelMbreKKeKarin høylandthoMas haavigiedre JarulaitieneKari hovin KJøllenora Johanne Klungsethtore Kolåsnicola lolliclaudia Moscosoalbogasto John ng’asibirgit risholtgeir harald saMuelsenPranita shresthasverre sondresenbritt sørlieayon KuMar taraFdartseWang tashiMaria tedertorbJørn trytinoMeda urbonieneWang yiWang yuruth Woodssolvår WågødongMing Xucecilie Flyen øyen

Flux impulses

Zero emission buildings: energy flows, emissions and boundaries

From the revolution of the present to the ‘presence of the past’

Histories of architectural conservation

Typologies in environmentally adapted zero emission buildings

Architectural integration of photovoltaics

Responsive building components and renewable energy sources exploitation in net zero energy/emission buildings

Multifunctional transparent facade solutions

Daring details

Architecture as a framework for action and change

Corporate strategy

From knowledge about users to premises for planning

Zero emission building envelopes

Integrated conservation in historic wooden towns of the Baltic sea region

Boundary objects as translation instruments

The municipal cleaning service

Performance of daylight redirection systems for high latitudes

Achieve zero emission buildings: the case study of Myhrerenga

The impact of light and color at the perceived quality of sustainable architecture

The case of land and property disputes and claims in northern Uganda

Renovating existing buildings using multifunctional systems for achieving optimal thermal performance ...

Images of gravity

Policy making from government to governance

A modern tectonic reading of the building heritage

The village building

Bridging the dichotomy

Modern art in the Tibet autonomous region since the 1940’s

Transitional use

Investigation of the pedagogic potential in tectonic studies [in wood]

The performative participatory artistic practice in forming the notion of public space in a post-communist era

Quality of physical environment, quality of life

Cultural heritage in post-disaster planning

Shopping with art

Between a rock and a hard place?

Cultural translation: the role of museums in identity formation

Process related moisture problems in buildings

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phd projects 2010 – 2011

The doctoral studies represent an important part of the research within a university, and in this publication we provide a brief presentation of current PhD projects at the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art. Our three-year PhD program in architecture addresses topics in architecture, planning, art and technology related to important research questions in our knowledge field.

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) encourages research and artistic development work in order to fulfil the strategic goals for being an international highly recognized university. Research and artistic development work is also a priority area for the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art. We see the PhD education and our PhD candidates as our most important activity and asset in research, and we are proud to present our active candidates and the subjects for their research.

The candidates are working in a broad range of subjects related to architecture and fine art. Architecture is a profession and a scientific discipline. Architecture can also classify a form of art and an art work. The knowledge platform for our discipline builds on traditions and elements from humanities, social sciences and technology / engineering. A specific character is that architecture as one of “the making disciplines” also builds on skills and craftsmanship learned in practice. The PhD studies and research work in our faculty also reflects the broad knowledge platform for our discipline. Our candidates are working with development work and reflections in fine art, in planning and development studies, in architectural theory and history and in architectural design using a “research by design” approach.

A more sustainable development in architecture, planning and construction is of vital importance for solving the global challenges for our society. And the majority of our doctoral candidates work with subjects related to challenges caused

by climatic changes. In 2009, the Research Council of Norway assigned The Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art to host the Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB). Over the last year we have been recruiting 10 PhD and post doc. candidates to work with ZEB at NTNU. And there will be more candidates over the next eight years. They will join ZEB in order to develop fundamental knowledge, products and solutions for zero emission buildings related to their production, operation and demolition.

Architecture, as a profession and a scientific discipline, needs to develop a stronger knowledge base to be competitive as an industry and recognised as an academic discipline. And we need to tear down the walls and barriers between academic research and the professional practical development. We see the doctoral studies and our PhD candidates as very important for establishing a stronger knowledge base for both our education and the professional practise.

architecture between art and technologythe Phd Program at the Faculty oF architecture and Fine art, ntnu

Tore I. HaugenDeanFaculty of Architecture and Fine Art, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

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faculty of architecture and fine art

The Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art is one of seven facul-ties at NTNU, and Norway’s oldest and largest institution for education of new architects, dating back to the inauguration of the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1910. A large part of the country’s architects are educated here.

The Art Academy in Trondheim (KiT) was founded as an art school just after World War II, and became a public art academy in 1987. In 1996, KiT merged into the new NTNU, as one of five departments at the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art.

We offer the following programs: • Master of Science in Architecture • Bachelor Program in Visual Arts • Master of Visual Arts • Master of Science in Property Development and Management • Experience-based Master of Real Estate and Facility Management

• Master of Science in Physical Planning • Master of Science in Urban Ecological planning • Master of Science in Sustainable Architecture

The faculty has more than 500 students in the various architec-tural studies, and about 100 students in the visual arts. Nearly 40 people are occupied with doctorate/post-doctorate projects. There are 110 employees at the faculty, of which approximately 55 permanent scientific staff.

The Faculty has experienced a significant economic growth the recent years. This applies especially to the externally funded research activities, such as the Research Centre for Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB), which has a 300 million budget (close to 40 million Euros) for the years 2009-2017. The facul-ty’s annual budget is currently about 15 million euros.

the Faculty oF architecture and Fine art

The Faculty Board. Top left to right: Fredrik Shetelig, Odd Joar Oksås, Jon Arne Mogstad, Hans Skotte, Kristin Jarmund, Per Ivar Maudal, Tore I. Haugen. Front row, left to right: Anne Gjesdal Bjørndal, Anne Grete Hestnes (leader ZEB), Eivind Kasa, Mari Oline Giske Stendebakken, Anne Beim, Christel Sverre. photo: Kenneth Stoltz / NTNU

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ntnu — Facts and Figures

• Specialization in technology and the natural sciences.

• Offers a range of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programs in the humanities, social sciences, economics and public and business adminis-tration, and aesthetic disciplines.

• Professional degree programs in medicine, psychology, architecture, the fine arts, music, and teacher education, in addition to technology.

• 7 faculties and 53 departments.

• 20.000 students, half of whom are studying technology-related subjects or the natural sciences.

• 48 per cent of NTNU students are female.

• About 3.100 degrees awarded each year, of which 800 are bachelor’s degrees, 2.000 are master’s degrees and 300 are doctoral degrees.

• About 850 international students.

• Dozens of international student exchange programs and more than 300 cooperative or exchange agreements with 58 universities around the world.

• 4.700 man-years, more than half of which are in academic or scientific positions.

• About 2.000 R&D projects at any time.

• More than 100 laboratories.

• Participant in 60 projects in the European Commission’s 6th and 7th framework programs.

• Close cooperation with SINTEF, an R&D organization with 1.800 employees (both co-located with NTNU in Trondheim, and in Oslo).

• Sponsorship and cooperation agreements with Norwegian and interna-tional business and industry.

• Annual budget NOK 4.7 billion (approx. 600 million Euros)

• We own or rent premises with a total area of 575 000 sqm.

• NTNU Library has 2.8 million printed volumes, 46.300 electronic books and 11.800 electronic journals

photo: Mentz Indergaard / NTNU Info

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the projects

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Flux imPulses

cecilie andersson

I explore how the presence and the influence of rural-urban migrants transform the social and physical organization of the urban village and the surrounding city, in the case of the village-in-the-city-phenomenon (VIC) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China.

In many urban villages the majority of the population is temporary migrant residents staying for only three months on average. In their nomadic relation to the city the ‘floating popu-lation’ attaches to the densest urban structures in the Chinese urban realm; a site of displacement; the VIC.

The general urban development with growing sprawl caused the urban village to reorient. However, today, the migrants are seen as the interruption of the traditional village life with their massive migration and temporary character. Likewise, the migrant population is seen to interrupt the wanted ‘harmo-nious urban development’ and the modernization–image of the surrounding city by operating in it, as if it was a village.

I examine the transforming mechanisms in three of the 138 urban villages located in the city of Guangzhou. In the midst of these urban dynamic processes and conflicting discourses

I want to know what subjective positions migrants use as responses to contradictions in expectations and experiences of being in the city, on the margin. What shapes are generated through the organization of negotiable borders, appropriation of space through modifications, or time and space sharing of interest?

As an approach to my research I have initiated several small-scale, low-cost actions in urban villages, and thereof “harvested” narratives, through open-ended processes of co-research with migrant participants exemplified by: Renting and upgrading a dwelling-house for jobless migrants who share their diaries as their tenant contribution, initiating a long-term photo-documentation project, for migrant participants, producing “vandal-sandals” in urban villages listed for demoli-tion, to collect cultural impressions of vanishing resources, arranging workshops for architect-students constructing physical and organisational implementations in urban villages.

project description

— Villages in the city and migrant residents in transForming urban realms, guangzhou, china.

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inForMationcandidate: Cecilie Anderssondepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 73 59 50 20e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch Bergen School of Architectureproject start: February 2007supervisors: Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU), Lisbet Sauarlia (NTNU)

Collage showing the tricycle-paths in the financial district around the urban village of Xian Cun, Guangzhou.illustration: Cecilie Andersson

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zero emission buildings: energy Flows, emissions and boundaries

Julien s. bourrelle

The global community aims to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, notably by a reduction in energy consumption in buildings. The development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs) is a promising solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emis-sions. However, this type of building currently lacks a common definition, or even a common understanding.

Under the umbrella of The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings, this project aims to set up the basis for defining an energy and emission calculation methodology for zero emis-sion buildings in Norway. The different flows of energy and the possible boundaries associated with energy calculation are being investigated with a focus on compliance rather than design. Also, the analysis tackles the environmental, economic and social implications of the different variables to be included into such calculations.

Different national ZEB calculation methodologies are surveyed in collaboration with the international community through the IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52. Relevant calculation methodologies proposed by a selection of countries are inves-tigated further. The different approaches and parameters used in these methodologies are to be adapted to the Norwegian realities and the scope of Norwegian ZEBs. Furthermore, the concepts surrounding energy flows in technologically advanced dwellings and traditional buildings are investigated in relation with the proposed methodologies.

A robust energy and emission calculation methodology will insure that incentives provided to the industry by policymakers will result in the development of buildings which truly will contribute to the long term reduction of greenhouse gas emis-sions urged by the scientific community.

— the deVeloPment oF a robust energy and emission calculation tool to eValuate Future zero emission buildings in norway.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Julien S. Bourrelledepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 59 33 46e-mail: [email protected]: M.Sc. Astronautics, Technische Universität München; M.Sc. Astronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madridproject start: August 2009supervisors: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU), Øyvind Aschehoug (NTNU), Tor Helge Dokka (NTNU)

An illustration on the multitude of paths energy follows across buildings. How can a robust accounting method be developed?illustration: Julien S. Bourrelle, Kevin Sanouiller and Fanny Jacquet

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From the reVolution oF the Present to the ‘Presence oF the Past’

Martin braathen

The historical research project From the Revolution of the Present to ‘The Presence of the Past’: Architecture and Autonomy in Norway 1970-1980 will study how postmod-ernist ideas appeared in the architectural discourse in Norway between 1970-1980; both how international ideas were inter-preted in the Norwegian context and what ideas that repre-sented a distinctive ‘Norwegian postmodernism’. More than the introduction of some new paradigm, it is the transforma-tion between two seemingly very different political and ideo-logical positions that is happening in this decade that will be the main interest of study. In particular, it’s the transition from the iconoclastic, politically oriented architecture culture of 1960’s, to the language-, symbol-, and history-focused critique of modernism in the post-modern architecture institution.

The main focus is on the one hand, the change in the critique of architectural modernism - from the early 1970s’ criticism of the authoritarian architect and the turn towards participa-tion and «architecture without architects,» to the critique of modernism as abstract and “meaningless” of the 1980’s. On the other hand, it will focus on the shift in the architecture insti-tution’s view of its societal autonomy — from a degradation of the institution’s autonomy in relation to other fields such as politics or the media in the 60’s, through a depreciation of the institution in its entirety in the radical political circles in the 70’s, to the insistence on a fully autonomous discipline with its own self-sufficient formal language as it appears at Presence of the Past — the Venice Architecture Biennale in 1980.

— architecture and autonomy in norway 1970-1980

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Martin Braathendepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 90 57 61 12e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch, NTNUproject start: September 2009supervisor: Dag Nilsen (NTNU)

St. Olav Church, Trondheim, erected in 1973. Architect: Per Kartvedt. photo: Dag Nilsen

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histories oF architectural conserVation

Mette bye

The aim of this study has been to explore why and how cultural built heritage has been altered and modified when the implied overall motive is to preserve. The study addresses the relation-ship between ideals of building conservation, and its practice in the form of restoration, regeneration or maintenance on wooden, vernacular homes in Norway. Within this typological frame, the study seeks to explore prevailing ideologies and strategies in building conservation, and whether and how these change over time. Considering the contribution of this research, three themes may be put forward: the objects of the study which is vernacular buildings as opposed to archi-tectural monuments, the focus on the specific treatment of a specific building as opposed to a more general and theoretical approach, and giving voice to the antiquarian in conservation practice as a means of explaining the alleged undercommuni-cated intentions of the professional conservation community.

The empirical basis of the research is five case studies in five different locations, which comprise a total of 19 individual buildings. Melhus vicarage, consists of one single listed building in Melhus, Sør-Trøndelag county; three buildings which are each set in a different rural farmyard context in Gudbrandsdalen in the county of Oppland; Sohlbergrekka in Røros, a row of listed buildings in an urban setting, also in the county of Sør-Trøndelag; Rosesmuggrenden, a conservation area in Bergen in Hordaland county; and Sjøgata in Mosjøen a conservation area in Vefsn, Nordland county.

The case studies cover architectural conservation practice in Norway in the time frame from 1920 to the early 1980s. The intention has been that each case should touch upon

significant general themes in building conservation throughout this period. The case studies may also be read separately, as self-contained narratives; examples of conservation practice at a specific time and place; or as illustrations of the culture, or cult, of architectural conservation at the point of intersection between professional idealism and the realities of everyday life.

All the buildings examined in the case studies were shown to have been altered since their designation as cultural heritage, some significantly. The case studies demonstrate treatment ranging from the extremes of demolition and replacement with new structures to well organized, regular and exemplary maintenance, with intermediate types of treatment including relocation, adaptive architecture, modernization and restora-tion and regeneration and repair . None of the buildings in the case studies exemplify treatment which was entirely according to the ideal conservation practice in the strictest sense. The findings demonstrate that for the majority of the cases, the ideal solutions proposed by the professional conservation community, however pragmatic, were subject to negotiation and compromise. In some cases the consequences were severe; if not for the area character, then for the original design and fabric of the individual buildings.

All buildings in the case studies represent conservation through use. Continued active use of vernacular architectural heritage was endorsed by the conservation community from the beginning, and solutions for housing standard improve-ments were frequently part of the antiquarians’ prescribed treatment. Despite this, the end products of treatment reflect conservation ideals to a very variable extent.

FiVe case studies on the treatment oF norwegian Vernacular heritage buildings , circa 1920-1980

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Mette Byedepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 41 66 00 04e-mail: [email protected]

education: Cand. Philol. University of Bergenproject start: The doctoral thesis was defended successfully in November 2010supervisor: Professor Eir Grytli (NTNU)

Etter snestorm (After the snowstorm), by Harald Sohlberg in 1903. These buildings in Røros were often referred to as Sohlbergrekka, the Sohlberg row, after his painting. Five of the buildings were listed in 1923. Harald Sohlberg (1869-1935) lived in Røros from 1902-1907. (Copyright Nasjonalgalleriet)

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tyPologies in enVironmentally adaPted zero emission buildings

andreas eggertsen

Zero Emission Buildings are designed with the objective to construct buildings with no negative impact on the greenhouse gas balance of the atmosphere. The ambition demands a systemic approach with energy and the environment in focus, but still with human health and enjoyment as point of origin for the design process. For environmentally adapted Zero Emission Buildings to form sustainable settlements attractive for the user the design must strive to create social arenas for meetings in delightful environments, where activities take place with a good quality of life, accessible for all. Comfortable in door climate with minimal use of health- and environmentally harmful materials create safe and sound spaces for work, play and recreation. Robust solutions and materials with low life cycle costs, long lifespan and details designed for ease of separation, recycling or reuse ensure low ecological footprint. Outdoor spaces and planting designed with varied character enhances the natural qualities of the site and improves biodiversity and strengthen the relation between the user and the site. Climate protected spaces and pedestrian comfort enables public forums and social activity. Well functioning infrastructure, easy access to public transport with safe and enjoyable walking and bicycle conditions minimizes energy consumption and make way for sustainable urban habits.

developing a vocabularyThe qualities stated above are but some of the qualities that char-acterize sustainable architecture. For human settlements with aspiration to unfold in the spirit of natural processes the buildings can not be separated from the context and the surrounding envi-ronment of which they are a part. This research will investigate the structure of relationships within the larger system of which the building is a part. How the ZEB building connects to the Natural-,

Cultural-, Social- and Economical Environments of the specific context is sought to be understood by mapping architectural and energy concepts in search of meaningful interdependencies. The ambition of the project is to identify patterns of characteristics of ZEB and the connectivity of the building with the context, to ease communication and facilitate better visualization and compre-hension of Environmentally Adapted Zero Emission Building.

topological optimizationThe identified concepts will be evaluated and structured into a taxonomy of typologies illustrating a range of solutions for ZEB concepts suitable for specific climatic and environmental conditions used for scenario based design methodologies of topology optimization in architectural design. The methodology is intended to strengthen communication and ease the dialogue on environmentally adapted ZEB by further development of para-metric methods and real world data modelling to investigate how boundary conditions of Environmentally Adapted Zero Emission Buildings drive formfinding of sustainable settlements.

implementationThe implementation of the identified methods, concepts and strategies is sought to be tested and understood through case studies and by following the design process of pilot projects for the ZEB centre. The taxonomy of ZEB concepts is applied with the focus on communication through the means of Digital Design tools, Evolutionary Algorithms and Design to Production technol-ogies to investigate the translation of architectural concepts into built form in search of an understanding of the complex relation-ships between user, building and environment on development of sustainable growth and placemaking.

— what are the characteristics oF enVironmentally adaPted zero emission building concePts and strategies?

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Andreas Eggertsendepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologye-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. Architecture, Aalborg Universityproject start: October 2010supervisors: Annemie Wyckmans (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU)

Bislingen Naturhotel - Concept for a Zero Emission Hotel in Nordmarka, by Snøhetta

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architectural integration oF PhotoVoltaics

Klaudia FarKas

The principal task of the building skin is to create a comfort-able shelter and protection from elements. However it has also been a platform of art and expression of symbolic meanings. Recently a contemporary and innovative possibility and func-tion of the building envelope came into focus: the building skin as a responsive component of a low energy concept. Several building surfaces are suitable for solar products, especially for photovoltaics that generate electricity.

Lately a variety of products have been developed to match building integration and architects’ needs. The basic aim is to produce clean electricity. However, while the solar module becomes part of the building skin, it might have multiple struc-tural functions and could require aesthetical integration into the overall design concept.

There are several barriers that prevent architects from using the potentials of this technology. Economy and lack of knowl-edge are crucial issues, while the perception and prejudices

of these components play an important role as well. There is a need to find the architectural language of PV products to enhance future developments and change the perception from a technical device to a building component.

The PhD project investigates the formal and symbolic aesthetics of photovoltaics and the perception of BIPV projects among architects. The projects used for investigation are public building facades with custom-made PV products, where the experimentation to find the architectural language and integra-tion in the overall design is stronger. Moreover public buildings have a more important representational and educational role through their facades that are exposed to the public.

The aim is to develop criteria for architectural integration and guidelines for architects for widespread use of this technology. Moreover the results of the thesis will provide guidelines for producers to develop products that meet architects needs for architectural integration.

— Formal and symbolic aesthetics oF PV

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Klaudia Farkasdepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 47 44 55 30e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch and Eng, Budapesti Tanítóképzö Föiskolaproject start: October 2007supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Inger Andresen (NTNU)

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resPonsiVe building comPonents and renewable energy sources exPloitation in net zero energy/emission buildings

Francesco goia

During the last years, the research activity in the field of building components and building services has led to the identification and development of numerous solutions able to considerably reduce the energy consumption in buildings.

However, as the energy efficiency of the whole building increases, the possibility to further upgrade its energy performance becomes more and more limited. Therefore, new concepts and solutions that are able to operate with the marginal opportunities offered by energy sources with low exergy levels and to better exploit solar energy are necessary. “Active” and “adaptive” building components (the so-called “Responsive Building Elements” RBEs, as defined by IEA-ECBCS Annex 44) integrated with innovative building service tech-nologies and with systems for solar energy exploitation may represent a promising solution to this issue.

The research activity deals with the identification, develop-ment, and assessment of possible configurations of dynamic building skins, combined with small size traditional HVAC systems, with solar systems (thermal and PV systems), and with energy storage technologies, in order to develop inte-grated, “organic” solutions for Zero Emission/Energy Buildings (ZEBs). These systems should be able to proactively manage the energy gains, to exploit different (and low exergy level) renewable energy sources, to store thermal energy, and to redistribute it within the building itself. The aim of these systems is to provide a high-quality indoor environment and

to limit as much as possible the use of fossil fuels for indoor environment control. Such minimization can come from the redistribution of the energy fluxes where and when they are needed in the building: energy gains produced by solar systems or waste energy can freely be redistributed from one part of the building to another (e.g. from the east to the west side, or from different zones of the building with different uses, e.g. from the office or shopping area to the residential area) or stored for further uses.

Because of the very complex task, such technological advance-ments will require an integrated approach which involves research on different levels (e.g. concept level, system level, component level…) and on the entire building components catalogue (building envelope technologies, building services, renewable technologies, energy storage…).

Within the research activity, a particular focus is placed on the development and assessment (by numerical modelling/simulations and by experimental activities) of active and responsive building skins. In fact, because of the key role that the building enclosure system plays in controlling the energy and mass flows leaving and entering the indoor environment, the dynamic and active building envelope is a very promising concept. It is expected to provide a substantial contribution, together with the other integrated systems, to reach the ZEB target.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Francesco Goiadepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technology (NTNU), Energetics (Politecnico di Torino)e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: M.Sc. Architecture, Politecnico di Torino, M.Sc. Architecture, Politecnico di Milano, PG. Master in Materials for Energy and Environment, Università del Piemonte Orientaleproject start: January 2010supervisors: Matthias Haase (NTNU), Marco Perino (Politecnico di Torino)

The activity dealing with integrated and active building skins requires research on different levels, from the concept level (a) to the material level (c), passing through the technology/component level (b). All the levels require features that enable a dynamic and responsive behaviour of the system.illustrations: (a) A. van der Aa, Designing with Responsive Building Elements; (b) the Polyvalent Wall by Mike Davies; (c) ATP membrane transport.

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multiFunctional transParent Facade solutions

steinar grynning

The total energy use related to the building industry constitutes approximately 40% of the worlds gathered energy use. It is therefore vital to reduce the energy consumption in this sector. New building regulations constantly sharpen the demands for energy consumptions in buildings. A large part of the heat loss in buildings occurs through the glazed parts of the enve-lope. Based on these facts one should further investigate the possibilities of reducing this heat loss. In addition, large glazed areas in a facade will, in general, give raise to a cooling need in the building. If one can find systems to control the incident solar radiation in a desired way it will reduce energy demands related to cooling, thus giving an even greater energy savings potential.

The effect of shading systems and dynamic control of these systems on the cooling and heating demand in buildings has previously been studied in several publications (Laouadi, 2010, Rosenkrantz, 2003; Brunoro, 2007, Poirazis 2005). However none of these have studied the effect of such shading devices in combination with high performance glazing (i.e. glazings with U-values below 0.6-0.7 W/m2K) on buildings located in a Nordic climate.

Another important, and previously neglected, research topic is life cycle analysis and CO2-emission calculations for the facade solutions. Evaluation of different construction principles and solutions will be performed due to today’s heightened focus on energy use and CO2 emissions. And windows and glazed facades are in this regard particularly interesting assemblies since they, in addition to losing energy, also admit renewable

energy into buildings.

Based on this, heat, moisture, and lighting technical challenges relevant to the design of the building envelope, will make up the main parts of this thesis, as well as studies of the CO2 emissions related to the various systems. The main focus will be directed towards the transparent parts of the envelope. Systems for shading and control of the incident solar radiation and the total heat transportation through the facades will be studied using theoretical and experimental methods.

objective• The starting goal of this thesis is to establish competence

within the field of transparent facade technologies, i.e. state-of-the-art on transparent facades.

• Establishing of central performance parameters for theo-retical and experimental assessment of building envelope energy and daylighting performance.

• The main part of the thesis will be based around quantita-tive work, i.e numerical and analytical assessment as well as laboratory and field studies of energy use for building components as well as entire buildings.

• Development and construction of full-scale test cell for measurement of full-size facade elements and components.

• The main objective of the work is to create a broadened knowledge base on which to establish correlations between the different envelope parts and their effect on the net energy use and CO2 emissions of future (Zero Emission) buildings.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Steinar Grynningdepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 59 33 75e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. NTNUproject start: September 2010supervisors: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU), Berit Time (SINTEF), Matthias Haase (NTNU)

Solar energy can be harvested to lower the energy need and provide vital visible light in a building. illustration: Byggforskserien nr. 571.954, SINTEF

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daring details

Ævar hardarson

The goal of the research project has been to examine design-related building defects, in particular through examples of innovative architecture from the 20th century, where defects have been a common problem. The research findings will be of use to architectural students, practising architects and other building project leaders.

The theoretical framework for the project is well known archi-tectural theories. The research focus is on the relationship between normative theories on form and aesthetics, design of the building envelope and theories on building defects. Particular focus has been on whether the cause of building defects is due to flaws in planning, defects in design or mistakes in the construction phase. Environmental and local climate forces have also been studied.

The research method has been qualitative case studies where the design and building history of four innovative building

projects spanning 60 years have been analysed. A databank of cases has been created which contains over 50 creative inter-national architectural works, all of which have had building defects.

The Research revealed that there are similar building defects in the U.S., Norway and Iceland. Common patterns are flaws in the design of details. In most cases there are defects in mois-ture protection. It appears that the designers put their focus on aesthetics and ignored common knowledge of sound building practices. The driving force appears to be in the daring design details, presented as aesthetic ideals and doctrines by creative architects.

The conclusions of the research project will have special significance in the education of architects and other designers, who work with form and detail design in architecture.

— a study oF design related building deFects in examPles oF modern architecture

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Ævar Hardarsondepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+354) 445 8005, (+354) 895 8161e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: M.Arch, Oslo School of Architecture and Designproject start: January 2003supervisors: Tore Haugen (NTNU), Ragnar Sigbjørnsson (University of Iceland) Jan Vincent Thue (NTNU),Helge Solberg (NTNU)

Detail of Fallingwater USA 1937illustration: Ævar Hardarson and Albina Thordarson

outside

inside

28


architecture as a Framework For action and change

eli hatlesKog

In order to shape a more sustainable world there are many governmental targets which may be set. Whilst these targets can help to define an overall vision for a city or nation, they do not necessarily filter down successfully to a local level. For sustainability to be comprehensive, this research suggests that, action and architecture can be used to educate, empower and engage a community and assist them in making and managing their own small steps towards sustainable living.

The planned future suburb of Brøset in Trondheim, Norway, has a strong vision. It aims to make environmentally friendly living easy and cut the CO2 emissions of its residents to 3 tons per year. As a pilot project of the Framtidens Byer (Future Cities) initiative, it hopes to become a model for multidisciplinary planning processes in Norway.

Alongside the formal targets and planning process, this PhD research is investigating whether architecture can be used as part of an active community process enabling people to both

learn about sustainable living and initiate change at a local level.

The observations, reflections and actions of a specially designed unit of architecture students have enabled the Research by Design phase of this Action Research. The evalua-tion and modification of these early stages hopes to lead to the design of a framework for community actions at Brøset.

The design of this structure aims to reflect local skills, mate-rials and interests. In order for the community to take owner-ship of the site, they will be encouraged to both participate in and drive the design, construction, activity programming and management stages.

The research supposes that through the act of building, making and participating, people learn small changes they can make towards sustainable living, at the same time as supporting the visions of government.

— community ParticiPation strategies For brøset, trondheim

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Eli Katrina Hatleskogdepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+47) 92 64 06 26e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch, Architecture Association School of Architectureproject start: October 2009supervisors: Eli Støa (NTNU), Annemie Wyckmans (NTNU), Stig Larssæther (NTNU)

LocalIn

fras

truc

ture

Climate neutrality

Transport

Future

Sports centre

Park

Café

Kindergarten

30


corPorate strategy

hallgriM hJelMbreKKe

strategic goals and needsA corporate strategy describes how the organization has planned to create long term value for the owners, clients and society (Kaplan, Norton 2004). In this strategic thinking are the long-term goals described as well as tools and policy instruments which are going to be used to obtain those. In a society character-ized by growth and changes, a building project is a one of the frequent (and important) used tools to achieve the strategic and superior goals.

successTo which extent the project is a success or not will be dependent on goal achievement on three levels: operational, tactical and strategic. In the operational perspective the project should be carried out efficiently, delivering the planned outcome regarding time, cost and quality. In the tactical perspective the main objec-tive is to reach the goals with regard to relevance, suitability for the user, and effect on productivity. In the superior and strategical perspective the project must have an importance for the organi-zation’s sustainability (Samset 2003).

Strategical processes in building projectsMost companies perform structured strategic processes and use them as a tool to implement an internal general understanding and acceptance for tactical and operational actions. The well-performed tactical and strategical processes of successful companies are not so visible when it comes to devel-opment and implementation of investments in building projects. It is a paradox that a building project, as a long term investment, is not subjected to the same principles for overall management by objectives as is the company’s core activities.

researchThe research focuses on how to improve processes and make investments succeed in achieving higher certainty for effect for the owner’s core business. The main research question is:«What is the impact for businesses to let the strategic and tactical goals govern the objectives of a building project?»

MethodThe research is carried out through a literature study with the following goals: Definitions, search for established process tools and methods of project governance, tools and methods for assessment of effect of projects.

A quantitative survey is set up to determine to which extent management principles and strategic tools used in the organiza-tion as a whole are active in implementation of building projects. A second objective is to determine what the decision basis is for building projects and to which extent, areas and levels of goals are defined.

A set of pilot studies have been accomplished and three major case studies will be done with the following focus areas:• Does the project development reflect and implement the

owner’s tactical and strategic corporate goals?• Are there visible connections between strategic, tactical

and operational goals in organisational performance and the project?

• Are the stated goals connected to the performances after project implementation?

• Does management by objectives add significant value and effect?

• Identify evaluation methods and give recommendations for assessment of the effect of project.

— consequences For choice oF concePt and goVernance in building Projects

project description

31


inForMationcandidate: Hallgrim Hjelmbrekkedepartment: Civil and Transport Engineeringphone: (+47) 93 24 31 42e-mail: [email protected]

education: Master in Real Estate and Facilities Management, NTNUproject start: January 2009supervisors: Geir Hansen (NTNU), Ola Lædre (NTNU)

The choice of concept is one of the first and most important actions to align the owners strategic goals with the project.photo: Rambøll

32


From knowledge about users to Premises For Planning

Karin høyland

The Norwegian State administration wishes to encourage an increased focus on usability or the user friendliness of build-ings and environments. An “inclusive design strategy” aims to increase this focus. The thesis discusses how inclusive design may be used as an approach to improve user friendliness in architecture. The overall goal of the research is to show how knowledge about the interplay between people and the built environment can provide important input in the search for new and innovative architectural solutions. More specifically, the objective is to contribute to the development of a planning and design approach within architecture based on “user driven innovative design”.

The approach will be further developed through investigating a selected user perspective and one type of built environ-ment. The case study focuses on urban housing projects,

experienced and used by families with children. The investi-gation is introduced by a literature review, providing a map of current knowledge within the field of urban childhood. The aim is to identify what the built environment should support in children’s everyday life. The architectural quality of the three projects will be discussed in the light of two perspectives: How are the objectives of a child friendly environment expressed and translated into physical structures, or in other words: What are the buildings meant to do? And how do the users experience and use them?

Finally, the thesis will conclude by discussing implications the findings from the case studies may have for planning and archi-tectural practice and research. How can the results contribute to the development of a more user driven approach within the field of architecture?

«inclusiVe design» as a method For a more user driVen innoVation in architecture

project description

33


inForMationcandidate: Karin Høylanddepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+47) 93 02 89 01e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

education: M.Arch, NTNUproject start: 2006supervisor: Eli Støa (NTNU), Geir Hansen (NTNU)

photo: Geir Mogen

34


zero emission building enVeloPes

thoMas haavi

It is getting more and more obvious that our way of living in the industrialized world is not sustainable. The use of non-regen-erating natural resources is not in balance with what nature is able to provide in long term. In this context, the main focus in recent years has been on global heating caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

In World Energy Outlook – 2008, it is stated that energy efficiency is the measure that will give the largest and fastest reduction of GHG emissions. With a 450ppm scenario (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere), which corresponds with an aim of 2˚C maximum global temperature increase, it is esti-mated that energy efficiency will have to contribute with 54% of the reductions of GHG emissions.

The potential for energy efficiency in buildings is well docu-mented. In this context, insulation of the building envelope is a major contributor, both regarding energy efficiency and cost.

The overall objective of the research is to obtain sustainable building envelope solutions, aiming to reduce the total emis-sions of the building during the life cycle.

The research will focus on wall structures with insulation and heat storage materials which can be divided into three groups:• High tech materials such as Vacuum Insulation Panels

(VIP), Aerogels, Gas Filled Panels (GFP) and Phase Change Materials (PCM).

• Standard materials such as mineral wool, EPS and XPS.• Low tech materials such as hardwood and wood fibre.

— ProPerties, details and solutions

project description

35


inForMationcandidate: Thomas Haavidepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 98 23 04 42e-mail: [email protected]

education: M. Sc. Mechanical Engineering, NTNUproject start: May 2009supervisor: Arild Gustavsen (NTNU)

36


integrated conserVation in historic wooden towns oF the baltic sea region

giedre Jarulaitiene

The PhD research study is an analysis of the implementa-tion of conservation plans in practice by assessing the role of traditional building skills in protected urban areas. The project aims at improving the body of knowledge about the urban conservation in practice by tracing and describing the actual networks. There is a hypothesis to be tested that the integrated urban conservation promotes the use, supply and demand of traditional building skills. The main research question aims at answering the question, “What is the role of traditional building skills in integrated conservation practice and planning of protected urban areas?”

Even though the link between the integrated conservation and the use of traditional materials and skills was stated by the international legislative documents already in the 1970’s, very little research has been done on the implementation of

such policies in practice. Therefore this PhD research project is divided into two phases, first of which is focused on the in-depth ethnography in the on-going conservation project of one building within a chosen case of a protected urban area. The second phase of the project concentrates on the protected urban area itself and will involve the exploration of use, supply and demand of traditional building skills and the role of various actors. The second phase will be concluded by conducting an explanatory study of the causal relationships within the described and explored networks.

— the assessment oF conserVation in Practice

project description

37


inForMationcandidate: Giedre Jarulaitienedepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 55 12 58e-mail: [email protected]

education: Master in Heritage Conservation and Management, Vilniaus Universitetasproject start: August 2007supervisors: Eir Ragna Grytli (NTNU), Dag Kittang (NTNU)

The example of traditional materials used in conservation, Kokkola (Finland), 2008.photo: Giedre Jarulaitiene

38


boundary objects as translation instruments

Kari hovin KJølle

The purpose of the PhD project is to gain knowledge and further understanding of the relationship between the user’s brief and the design of physical environment for interactions in the knowledge workplace.

The project aims to contribute to the knowledge and under-standing of how architects and interior designers interpret user needs into the design of knowledge workplaces. The investigations will be limited to the briefing and design stages. Furthermore, the investigations will be limited to a focus on how workplaces for collaboration and interaction are trans-formed and implemented into design.

The main focus is on how instruments as ‘boundary objects’ can be used as a means of translation and may make the briefing and the design processes easier. The concept ‘boundary objects’ is derived from the field of science and technology studies. Boundary objects are defined as half-worked created objects, non-human objects such as artefacts, tools, methods and analytical concepts which maintain a common identity across borders during the transformation phase.

— a strategy For a decision-making Process in brieFing and design oF sPaces For interaction

project description

39


inForMationcandidate: Kari Hovin Kjølledepartment: Architectural Design and Management, Department of Buildings (SINTEF)phone: (+47) 93 20 68 05e-mail: [email protected]: M. Arch NTNUproject start: September 2004supervisors: Siri Hunnes Blakstad (NTNU), Thomas Berker (NTNU), Geir Karsten Hansen (NTNU), Tore I. Haugen (NTNU)

Activities and artefacts defined as boundary objects used in a briefing process. photo: Kari Hovin Kjølle

40


the municiPal cleaning serVice

nora Johanne Klungseth

The research project will investigate the importance of the built environment for cleaners and has the municipal cleaner in centre of investigations. The research project will look into the history and future development of the municipal cleaning service and describe the municipal cleaning service today. The goal for the research project is to gain knowledge regarding cleaning services in municipalities and regarding buildings’ impact upon cleaning services abilities to support the core business through seeing building as an enabler and an obstacle for municipal cleaners. The purpose of the research project is to provide new knowl-edge that contributes to developing and improving today’s municipal facility management. Knowledge that later can be utilized in briefing and design processes and knowledge that contributes to an increased focus on, and discussion of, the usability of buildings.

project description

41


inForMationcandidate: Nora Johanne Klungsethdepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+47) 97 57 31 48e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. Real Estate and Facility Management, NTNUproject start: August 2009supervisors: Siri Blakstad (NTNU), Nils Olsson (NTNU), Kirsten Arge (SINTEF)

photo: Nora Johanne Klungseth

42


PerFormance oF daylight redirection systems For high latitudes

tore Kolås

Utilization of the daylight resource is highly desired in most buildings. For side-lighted spaces it is a general problem that most of the diffuse daylight reaches the perimeter zone, and the illuminance levels decrease rapidly with the distance from the window wall. Direct sunlight is often kept out of the inte-riors to reduce glare problems, and as a consequence, building interiors are often lighted by artificial sources even at times when natural daylight is abundant.

Daylight redirection systems are designed to guide daylight towards the back of a room via the ceiling. By this approach a more even light distribution can be obtained, and direct sunlight can be utilized without causing visual discomfort for the building occupants.

In this project the performance of various daylight redirection systems is investigated, primarily with the aid of computer

simulations. The software TracePro is used to predict the light distribution that can be obtained in a side-lighted space under various daylight conditions. The main focus of these studies is on the commonly used venetian blind; including both the traditional white blind as well as the reflective daylight redi-recting blind. The simulations verify previous findings and show that both the optical properties of the blind slats as well as geometrical factors, including the blind tilt, play a major role in determining interior daylight levels. Another type of daylight redirection system studied in this project is the laser-cut panel. As can be seen from the illustration, the laser-cut panel will influence the view out towards the surroundings.

In addition to daylight supply and daylight distribution, the potential for viewing is also included as one of the important performance criteria proposed in a new evaluation method for daylight redirection systems.

project description

43


inForMationcandidate: Tore Kolåsdepartment: SINTEF ICTphone: (+47) 73 59 36 67e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. NTNUproject start: August 2004supervisor: Barbara Matusiak (NTNU)

44


achieVe zero emission buildings: the case study oF myhrerenga

nicola lolli

The Green House Gases emissions from the building industry is one of the leading causes of the current climatic changes and are associated with the building envelope in two ways: through the life cycle of buildings and through energy consumption used to achieve indoor physical comfort. Since the material production has been run mainly for the last 50 years by the industrial chains using non-renewable energy sources, the apartment stocks, which were built during this time span, can be considered responsible for huge amounts of GHG emissions.

Consequently, the main research issue revolves around how to meet a Zero Carbon Emission Building standard with the current energy use and the poor thermal performance of existing buildings through aimed retrofitting. Of course, the retrofitting involves mainly the improvement of thermal prop-erties of the building envelopes. Therefore, the aim of achieving

Zero Emission levels can be pursued through low-embodied energy and low-emission materials which provide better insu-lation characteristics than materials commonly employed in the building sector.

In order to achieve the above described objectives the research is focused on the Myhrerenga Housing cooperative which consists of 7 apartment blocks built in 1967-1968, located near Oslo. The research is based on a series of Life Cycle Assessment analyses to be carried out using some of the retrofitting solutions applied to the case study. Each technical solution is intended to deliver a passive house standard of energy requirement for the building and is analysed in terms of embodied emissions of the materials employed. Each tech-nical solution is then studied from the perspective of architec-tural flexibility. The above described two criteria are eventually matched together in a matrix of assessment criteria.

— aPProach to green house gases emission abatement in residential energy retroFitting

project description

45


inForMationcandidate: Nicola Lollidepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 45 06 33 20e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch, Terza Universitá degli Studi di Romaproject start: September 2009supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Øyvind Aschehoug (NTNU)

46


the imPact oF light and color at the PerceiVed quality oF sustainable architecture

claudia Moscoso

Sustainable development has gained strength in several disci-plines in the recent years and architecture has not been exempt from this. The amount of natural light that buildings will have in the future is strongly linked with the growth of the population in cities and the amount of air pollution, among others. It has been addressed that one of the possible solutions to creating energy efficient buildings will have a direct relation with the fenestration design. Having this in consideration, the future fenestration will have to find renewed standards regarding solar energy in the new sustainable building codes.

In 1943, a psychological theory was presented by Abraham Maslow, concerning his studies of the human’s hierarchy of needs where he focused on the stages of growth in humans. Considering the work camp of this program and Maslow’s studies, we can place daylight exposure on a first level, as a crucial physiological need for human beings and artificial light on a second level, due to its importance to human activity and its subsequent safety. It is then evident that natural and artificial light have a strong importance in the development of our life. A development which makes us think of the future and how to cover our basic needs. It is then valid to predict the future standards for architecture in correlation with lighting. Approximately 80% of our time is spent indoors and we have recognized that natural and artificial light are crucial for the development of our life. To reduce the quality of natural and artificial lighting on an energy-efficiency basis would be

counter-productive for human activities in the long term. The current inner ethos of the lighting community is to assure a balance between energy efficient lighting and well-lit environ-ments that will provide well being and comfort.

The aim of this research is thus, to acquire further knowledge of the impact of light and colour on the perception of architec-tural space. Once this is scientifically studied, it will be sensible to establish new design guidelines of how light contributes to the architectural space to achieve comfort. It will go from the subjective to the objective: the research will attempt to develop a mapping between the light and colour qualities and their correlation with architectural quality descriptors.

As a parallel research, but not less important, the studies will be conducted making use of new advanced technological methods. Virtual environments will simulate real rooms, which can solve the logistics problems that architecture researchers find when trying to conduct investigation experiments. Virtual environment experiments can provide more cost-effective experiments due to less space required, which in turn means a quicker data collection and evaluation process. These simula-tion methods will be compared with real environment studies to prove the accuracy of the results. If the difference between the results is not significant, this could very well become the future of architectural studies, using these aids effectively to conserve space and time with less resources.

— studies with adVanced audioVisual equiPment

project description

47


inForMationcandidate: Claudia Trinidad Moscoso Paredesdepartment: Architectural Design, Form and Colour Studiesphone: (+47) 73 59 50 95e-mail: [email protected]

education: Professional Title of Architect, Universidad Ricardo Palma (Lima-Peru)project start: August 2010supervisors: Barbara Matusiak (NTNU), Gro Lauvland (NTNU)

Lighting studies carried out by students in the ROMLAB, AB - Faculty, NTNUphoto: Barbara Matusiak

48


the case oF land and ProPerty disPutes and claims in northern uganda

albogasto John ng’asi

The focus of this project is to examine land and property disputes and claims in a post-conflict context. There is no doubt that violent conflicts are often behind people fleeing their homes and abandoning their land and other property in order to save their lives. As relative peace re-emerges, returnees end up going back to their original homes and start to rebuild their lives by reinstating claims to the only and often most poten-tially valuable resource left: land. Reinstating claims to land remains the most contested issue and the centre of political and social confrontation. Northern Uganda is a case in point, whereas the large-scale return of internally displaced people has lead to conflicting claims to land and property ownership. The conflicting claims is a result of the clash between different modes of land and property ownership and claims on one hand, and the post-conflict attitudes towards land and prop-erty claims on the other hand, thus making the region a hotbed of legal wrangling.

It is against this contextual backdrop that this research project aims at understanding how both land and property claims

might be approached constructively in a way which furthers both choice and the prospects for a stable societal recovery. The project would like to contribute to the theoretical frame-work involved in the handling of the critical resource of land, thus playing a key role in contributing to a peaceful and stable recovery after the conflict.

Approaching the research project, three main intertwined themes will be disentangled. These are: the prevailing attitudes towards land and property disputes and claims as exposed within the post-conflict context, the changing modes of land and property ownership, and how the two themes stand a chance in guiding efforts directed towards early reconstruc-tion and recovery. The project’s objective sets out to “examine how war has impacted land and property disputes and claims within the post-conflict reconstruction and recovery nexus”.

project description

Post-conFlict reconstruction and recoVery:

49


inForMation

Post-conflict Commodification of land.photo: Albogasto John Ng’asi

candidate: Albogasto John Ng’asidepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 73 59 50 15, (+47) 974 12 943e-mail: [email protected]

education: MPHL Degree in Development Studies, NTNUproject start: August 2008supervisors: Hans Skotte (NTNU), Liv Haram (NTNU)

50


renoVating existing buildings using multiFunctional systems For achieVing oPtimal thermal PerFormance oF the building enVeloPe

birgit risholt

40% of energy use in Norway is related to buildings and the building sector. 80% of the buildings existing today will still be in use in 2050. Energy savings in the Norwegian building sector have a potential of saving 12 TWh before 2020.

In Norway there are approximately 2.44 million dwellings including 1.2 million single family houses in Norway. The energy consumption related to single family houses was 30 TWh in 2009. To realize the potential for energy saving in the building sector, it is important that these buildings are reno-vated for optimal thermal performance. The PhD study focuses on existing single family houses and the possibilities for reno-vating these buildings to zero emission levels.

The building industry needs knowledge to develop more energy efficient solutions. Incorporating innovative technology

for energy collection and storage when renovating the building envelope shall be evaluated. Criteria and possible solutions for multifunctional building envelope systems shall be developed. For all solutions and products, criteria fit for use in Norwegian wood frame buildings shall be discussed. The results can be used by construction product manufacturers in their product development.

Building owners need knowledge to select more energy effi-cient measures for renovation. A methodology for assessment of existing buildings and renovation measures shall be estab-lished for single family wood frame houses. Based on informa-tion retrieved regarding location, construction and state of the existing building the building owner shall have the needed information basis for choosing renovation solutions for optimal thermal performance of the building envelope.

project description

51


inForMationcandidate: Birgit Risholtdepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologye-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. NTNUproject start: February 2010supervisors: Professor Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Berit Time (SINTEF), Tore Kvande (NTNU)

Renovating existing buildings using multifunctional systems for achieving optimal thermal performance of the building envelope.photo: Birgit Risholt

52


images oF graVity

geir harald saMuelsen

Il n’y a pas d’homme intérieur, l’homme est au monde et c’est dans le monde qu’il se connait 1

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The objective of the project is to produce images, films and texts that establish a new and hybrid field of study, based on the research fellow’s experiences both as an artist and a climber. In other words, the project examines climbing and art as two overlapping or even reversible experiences.

Since the mid 80’s, the fellow has spent a lot of time on art, and almost as much time on climbing. Some of the experiences from the two different disciplines have similarities with each other. Could it be that climbing is unfolding in images and that an artistic thinking resonate in climbing? The research fellow will to some extent assume that his work with images is linked to a desire to be in contact with a personal artistic thinking. By the same token he will also assume that his climbing is linked to a personal bodily experience.

Is it reasonable to imagine that the artistic thinking is played out in the experience that expresses itself through his climbing?And vice versa, can one imagine that his attraction to this rather unique form of movement that climbing is, similarly is played out in his work with painting, film and photography?

The work in this fellowship period is revolving around the production and presentation of films, images and texts and thus examines the ideas and artworks that unfolds when the fellow confronts himself and others with such ideas as outlined above. Similarly, he wishes to reflect around what artistic thinking can be and what in this case might be special with his own artistic thinking. How does it manifest itself in his films, photos, paintings and texts? And does this artistic thinking unfold itself in climbing?

project description

— art and climbing as reVersible exPeriences

1 There is no inner man. Man is in the world, and only in the world does he know himself. M.M.P. The phenomenology of the Body. English version

53


inForMationcandidate: Geir Harald Samuelsendepartment: The Trondheim Academy of Fine Art phone: (+47) 97 58 71 75e-mail: [email protected]

education: KHIO, Glasgow School of Art, University of Osloproject start: October 2009supervisors: John Murphy (NTNU/KiT), Eivind Røssaak (Nasjonalbiblioteket)

Catching light, 2010. Videostill by Geir Harald Samuelsen.

54


Policy making From goVernment to goVernance

Pranita shrestha

The main aim of this research is to examine the shift in public management from government to a multi – scale, polycentric model of governance specifically in the case of making housing policy for urban poor – an insight into not only the development and growth of squatter settlements but also into the realpolitik of housing policy making in the specific context of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. In the context of Nepal, squatter settle-ments are defined as informal settlements of urban poor, immigrant and marginalized populations on non-claimed land (Joshi and Bjonness, 1987).

Since the focus of this research is an in – depth analysis of a process, the most appropriate method is case-study method. The essence of a case study is that it tries to illuminate a

decision or a set of decisions: why they were taken, how they were implemented, and with what results (Yin, 2003, p. 12). The main case studies will be the process of formation of a recent National Level Policy for squatter settlements which is being dealt with by the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) under the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works. Other case studies will deal with an over-view of two geographically different squatter settlements in the capital selected according to their respective age. Within the case study method, the main sources of data generation will be interviews, conversations and observations.

— case oF making housing Policy For squatter settlements in kathmandu, nePal

project description

55


inForMationcandidate: Pranita Shresthadepartment: Department of Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 73 59 50 21e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Sc. Urban Ecological Planning NTNUproject start: August 2009supervisors: Rolee Aranya (NTNU, Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU)

‘Khadi Pakha’ is one of the 45 squatter settlements in the capital Kathmandu established in 1981.photo: Pranita Shrestha

56


a modern tectonic reading oF the building heritage

sverre sondresen

The aim for this thesis is to make use of the tectonic notion as an analytic instrument in the process of finding modern archi-tectural answers. The project seeks to use the tectonic notion as a practical and pedagogical method for analysing different building- traditions, with the aim of making modern expres-sions and new architectural concepts based on this traditional building knowledge.

The investigation is to be carried out both as full-scale projects (with investigation and documentation during and after the building process), workshops and student-courses.

«The architects most important task is not to invent a big bang, but to be sure that the gunpowder is kept dry», Odd Østbye. «Every place and time has its own expression, without this – there is no identity», Svein Hatløy.

— a method For Finding new architectural concePts

project description

57


inForMationcandidate: Sverre Sondresendepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+47) 92 40 33 38e-mail: [email protected]

education: Architect, Bergen School of Architectureproject start: 2010supervisors: Bendik Manum (NTNU), Bjørn Otto Braaten (NTNU)

«Prøvrbustad i Hjartdal»illustration: Mir

58


the Village building

britt sørlie

Sprawl, as a result of growing cities or as part of rural settle-ments in the districts, must be addressed in relation to sustainable development. A concept for a new typology was developed by Mathias Harang, in collaboration, as an entry to an open international ideas competition in 2007. A typical Norwegian valley was twisted to an urban melting pot for 5000 people, with sustainable potentials. The project was called the Village Building. It confronted the sometimes superficial environmental debate by rearranging known built parameters, challenging low and widespread built fabric in the countryside.

Connections between settlement patterns, building form and the use of recourses are essential in the research on the Village Building, and the aim is to gain more knowledge about this concept and to see if and to what degree this way of thinking could work. The research question includes investigations

with environmental, social and economical aspects in relation to sustainability, and is formulated as follows: «Is the Village Building a sustainable alternative for future development?» Three objectives have been put forward: 1) to evaluate social qualities related to the Village Building; 2) to evaluate are-use, energy-use and economy related to the Village Building; 3) to further develop the Village Building as an exhibition, and evaluate responses.

The project is investigated within a Norwegian context, but may also be applicable to different areas and climates around the world.

— a new tyPology in architecture as a Possible sustainable Planning strategy

project description

59


inForMationcandidate: Britt Sørliedepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 59 47 90e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch, NTNU project start: November 2008supervisors: Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU), Eli Støa (NTNU)

60


bridging the dichotomy

ayon KuMar taraFdar

Globally, most urban planning techniques and practices at the municipal level and below approach issues of urban environ-ment from the perspective of certain dominant paradigms. Such paradigms are based on two primary theoretical frame-works of ecological modernization and neoliberal planning. Ecological modernization, which relies on technocentricism and instrumental rationality, calls for innovation to solve environmental problems. Neoliberalism and more recently New Public Management (NPM) argues for a decentralized power structure and enhanced role of the actual stake-holders in development, particularly the market. It holds that economic growth takes care of livelihood issues, and hence also the environment. Planning strategies that evolve out of these paradigms are theoretically congruent with the aims of sustainable urban development. The research discusses evidence from Kolkata, India, and contrastingly shows that cities can continue to have pockets of declining environmental conditions and deplorable living conditions while having ‘liber-ally-enabled economic growth’, ‘instrumental environmental management’, and a ‘decentralized planning milieu’. Evidence from Kolkata highlights reasons for the mismatch between the urban transformation pattern and planning practices.

The research interlays qualitative research findings from detailed primary interviews of the six main local stakeholder groups dominant in development practices at the neigh-bourhood level, with the conclusions from quantitative GIS based spatial analysis. Each neighbourhood was studied within the overall city context, by probing backwards into its

physical transformation process and the emergence of local environmental concerns. Primary data was collected mainly from staying in the locality, on-site reconnaissance mapping, seventy-three detailed representative interviews, thirteen detailed focussed group discussions and direct observation. This was triangulated with secondary source data, processed satellite imageries, published maps, documents from govern-ment bodies, mapping agencies and private firms. City level data was obtained from the metropolitan planning agency Kolkata Metropolitan Development Agency (KMDA), concerned ministries, and the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). Geospatial analysis was carried out for a number of factors to arrive at the spatial transformation process on a temporal reference between 1981 and 2007.

The research argues that the existing planning approaches having their origin in industrialized economies can be critical impediments to achieving sustainability in the South.

The research recommends applying a composite rationale in planning and elaborates it as an ‘ecological diversification’ paradigm. Strategically the research develops the ‘PRETAB planning process model’ in order to detail this paradigm and addresses the main concerns raised. At the substantive level, it suggests a model of ‘disjointed representative communica-tion strategy’ for planning that adjusts the format of NPM and associated theories on communication to rule out elements uncertainty and distortion in consensus seeking.

— exPloring linkages between urban enVironmental challenges and local deVeloPment Practices in the neighbourhoods oF kolkata, india

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Ayon Kumar Tarafdardepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+91) 967 640 4863, (+47) 99 42 10 43e-mail: [email protected]

education: Master of Science in Urban Ecological Planning (NTNU)project start: The doctoral thesis was defended successfully in September 2010supervisor: Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU)

Glimpses of Kolkata. illustration: Ayon Kumar Tarafdar.

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modern art in the tibet autonomous region since the 1940’s

tseWang tashi

Non-traditional art in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), started to emerge around the 1940s and it has slowly devel-oped since then. Moreover, in 1980s, art as a part of the cultural practice developed rapidly and under the strong influences from West. Worldwide Art exhibitions of modern art from the TAR took place, and attracted some major media’s attention as well. research strategyI have selected four artists as cases from the TAR (Figure 1). My choices of sample artists are determined by the need to provide a spread of representative cases across different historical periods, multiple artistic approaches and interests.

Main questions• What were influences and transitions of four Tibetan artists

living and working in the modern era in Tibet? • What do tradition, modernism and contemporary develop-

ment in art mean for the four Tibetan artists, and what are represented in their art?

• What could be the teachings of their directions in their work for contemporary art education in Tibet?

sub questions• What are the life stories of four representative, male,

Tibetan artists?

• What was their art education and how did it influence their work?

• Why and how did they adapt other influences?• What were the significant art works they have produced,

and what do they represent?• How did they implement their art work? What were the

techniques?

research method• Key person interviews with four artists, life stories, profes-

sional views and comprehensive registration and photos of their work.

• More general interviews with artist and photos of their work• Secondary information from published books, journals

papers.

expected findingThe art works created by modern Tibetan artists as counter-parts of the Western artists might have similar appearance, but there may have different intentions and meaning behind their works. I want to uncover what are behind their approaches in terms of the artists own statements, and what has been their life stories and their influences and contributions. The research project will fill some of the missing parts of modern Tibetan art history. At the same time it will both contribute to a better understanding the significance of Tibetan modern art and promote higher art education in the TAR.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Tsewang Tashidepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 73 59 50 12, (+47) 96 69 38 62e-mail: [email protected]: M.A visual Art Oslo National Academy of the Artsproject start: November 2008supervisors: Hans Christie Bjønness (NTNU), Holger V. Koefoed (Oslo National Academy of the Arts)

Figure 1. The detail of paintings by the four key artists. Amdo Champa, Tsering Dorje, Jigme Trenle and Benpa Chungdak (from left to right). photo: Tsewang Tashi

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transitional use

Maria teder

Transitional use could briefly be described as allowing tempo-rary land use on a (disused) urban site in order to open up for new and potentially innovative development. In my research I will explore the effect of transitional use in urban develop-ment; do transitional use strategies create more diversity in public space, and what is the role of architects and urban plan-ners in this kind of processes?

Public space can improve the quality of urban life in two essential ways; it offers a possibility to see and be seen by others, and it gives a face to the stranger. As opposed to home and work (where people tend to seek out their equals) public spaces are used simultaneously by different groups of people. Meeting and being confronted with those who are different from oneself is both enriching for the individual and essential to increase the general level of tolerance in society. Public space is the arena where such meetings occur.

Attachment and tolerance are crucial values in the increas-ingly mobile and multicultural Western societies of today. Public spaces that are inclusive and responsive to the users are more likely to be frequented by different groups of people, and urban design is thus an important factor in the process of strengthening these values. However, urban planners currently lack operational tools to make public space support the needs of the inhabitants of these societies, and very few people are actually influencing the way the city is developing through formal planning.

Transitional use strategies are believed to create broader participation in the planning process and thus generate urban spaces that are more diverse and adapted to the needs and desires of the citizens. Yet, there is a lack of understanding about what features make these strategies successful, as well as what the role of architecture and formal planning is in this kind of participatory planning processes.

My PhD aims at clarifying what processes and structures can make transitional use an operational planning tool, to what extent the strategy can be called truly participatory and help create realistic expectations on these types of planning strategies for increasing the level of diversity in public space. With a qualitative approach, 3-4 different transitional use projects will be studied by observation and interviews. The initiators and participants will be mapped as well as the way the projects are organized and their time/action sequences. Features of the transitional/temporary projects such as type of land use (commercial, leisure etc.), necessary physical structures, social groups of the participants etc. will be docu-mented. The collected data will then be used to compare the features of the transitional use projects with the features of the subsequent land use in order to determine to what extent the desires of the participants are really taken into account (ie. being translated into more permanent architectural features).

project description

— creating Public sPaces For a mobile and multicultural society

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inForMationcandidate: Maria Tederdepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 46 86 31 11e-mail: [email protected]

education: Architect SAR/MSA, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Swedenproject start: October 2010supervisors: Dag Kittang (NTNU), Eli Støa (NTNU)

photo: Maria Teder

66


inVestigation oF the Pedagogic Potential in tectonic studies [in wood]

torbJørn tryti

The aim for this thesis is to investigate in which manner the tectonic notion can be meaningful in the developing of wooden architecture. Discussing the tectonic notion, and investigating the tectonic potential of wood through design. Through pedagogic investigations, literature studies and through dialog with the architectural practice, the tectonic notion will be sought developed further. The investigations are to be carried out in 1:1, with a hands on character, with and by students in workshops and studio courses. The three subjects; tectonics, wood and pedagogics are to be investigated by each other, in an iterative process.

While the workshop is the arena in which the design investi-gations are carried out, the tectonic notions are also discussed with different practising architects, linking it to contemporary architectural practice. The goal of the investigation of the tectonic notion is not to arrive at an unambiguous definition. It is not where the potential lies, but the term is both impor-tant and interesting because it deals with the core values in architecture and therefore the discussion can be used as a design tool for transforming ideas into built form.

I have elected to address the issue of tectonic form for a number of reasons, not at least of which is the current tendency to reduce archi-tecture to scenography.

— Frampton 1990

«

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Torbjørn Trytidepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 59 33 49, (+47) 48 25 78 45e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch, Oslo School of Architecture and Design project start: May 2009supervisors: Finn Hakonsen (NTNU), Bendik Manum (NTNU)

Workshop #1 March 2010, First-year students joining wood, KAphoto: Torbjørn Tryti

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the PerFormatiVe ParticiPatory artistic Practice in Forming the notion oF Public sPace in a Post-communist era

noMeda urboniené

In this research I am studying contemporary artistic practices that engage strategies of pedagogy, participation and collabo-ration in the building of civil society and formation of a notion of public space. By scrutinizing relations of shared and collec-tive in visual art practices, I look into the frictions that such relations create in the process of confronting notions of indi-vidual subjectivity, autonomy of art and politics of aesthetics in the cross fields with design, architecture, urbanism and technology.

Within this realm I am interested in inquiring about specific participatory art projects that focus on work with communi-ties, and to investigate that art, that rather taking place in the public sphere or being placed there, becomes public by its very nature.

The research finds its impetus in my personal and artistic expe-rience of the Pro-test Lab project initiated in 2005 in Vilnius. This was an experiment and investigation of private/public space as reflected in the resistance against redevelopment

of former cultural houses and public spaces, as well as the civic conflicts within the urban planning and participatory democracy in the times of neo-liberal privatisation. The project engages methodologies that approach cities of post-soviet space as assemblage of social and spatial effects of calculability, control and representation. My research inquires methodologies to study regimes that are against the survival of public cultures, and discusses alternative mechanisms and possibilities that generate viable scenarios for micro-politics and new ecologies.

I am exploring narratives that work with expropriation and seek to re-appropriate the lost territories. My research charts the claims not only about the lost space, but also studies the premises that refer to the absence of a civil society. If the Pro-test Lab project functions as an interpellation creating new collective subjectivities and in this respect it attempts to stage a performative practice, then my aim is to look into such (performative) practices that instigate self-organized struc-tures to consequently perform civil society.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Nomeda Urbonienédepartment: Art and Common Space, KIT, NTNUphone: (+370) 656 64 313e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: M.A. Arts, Vilniaus Universitetasproject start: August 2008supervisors: Maaretta Jaukkuri (NTNU), Anne-Karin Furunes (NTNU), Ute Meta Bauer (MIT, Cambridge)

photo: Nomeda Urboniene

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quality oF Physical enVironment, quality oF liFe

Wang yi

The research will be an integrated part of the continuum-china project. A close co-operation with the consortium of this project is intended.

Besides the emergence of new housing areas, an increasing bulk of the housing production takes place in old architectural structures, which need upgrading to meet the residents´ needs and dreams of a life of today. The existing architecture has qualities which, for the inhabitants and for the society outside the housing area, are important enough for trying to find a development where those qualities are maintained; be it functional, economic, aesthetical qualities as well as quali-ties important for the identity and cultural continuity of the members of the society. Architecture created for a lifestyle of the past will be challenged by prevailing notions of and adapta-tions to a modern life. How to balance development to protect historic values inherent in the built environment has always been a crucial question. The problem is stressed more than

ever in our time with the rapid transformations of many socie-ties. This is the case in China today, with its dynamic economy and the political ambition to develop China as a harmonious society. Strong forces of the liberal economy create social imbalances and difficult tensions which directly or indirectly threaten housing architecture of high quality and historic interest.

The intention of this research is to find which deep structure, intangible qualities of the architectural tissue which are crucial for the inhabitants of a housing area, and how they are main-tained and developed over time to adapt to a modern lifestyle.

It is necessary to go beneath the superficial skin of modernity and modern lifestyle, to try to find and describe the deep-structure qualities which would give changes to the housing structures a positive direction, (positive in the sense that iden-tity and cultural continuity are maintained).

— a study oF transFormations in liVed-in historic housing areas in china

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Wang Yidepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technology phone: (+47) 90 73 99 80e-mail: [email protected]

education: M. Arch, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technologyproject start: October 2006supervisors: Harald Høyem (NTNU), Eir Grytli (NTNU)

72


cultural heritage in Post-disaster Planning

Wang yu

i. basic for the research project 1. When the people consider the recovery of the human building environment that has been damaged by natural disaster, the value of cultural monuments are often ignored and underestimated.2. Communication and cooperation between the research fields of historical relic conservation and disaster mitigation is inefficient and must be improved.3. In developing countries, cultural relics protection efforts in post-disaster recovery programs frequently sees a lack of experienced leaders and managers.

ii. intended research 1. What is the meaning of cultural monuments? The meaning of relics in post-disaster areas is complex and varies among people in different situations and status. What is the change in the local’s attitude toward cultural heritage after a natural disaster’s impact on the building environment? After a natural

disaster the remnant relics could be the only remaining identity and historical resource of the local community. Alternatively it could become a new symbol for the inhabitants and society.2. The cultural heritage’s vulnerability in the impact of natural disaster. The cultural relics, in their varied forms, are found throughout the building environment and impact the human environment after a natural disaster. How to preserve the different relics such as buildings, sites, landscape and so on in the different natural disaster scenarios? 3. The facts of legal and executive parameters governing the cultural heritage conservation and disaster management. The policy and administrative system analysis need to be country-specific. In other words, the country you survey becomes the case study location. The information, which includes the oper-ation and organization of the management in cultural heritage and disaster, can help to inspect and compare the results of the expected target.

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Wang Yudepartment: Urban Design and Planningphone: (+47) 73 59 50 41e-mail: [email protected]

education: M. Arch, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technologyproject start: September 2009supervisors: Hans Skotte (NTNU), Lisbet Sauarlia (NTNU)

«Creation of Adam», Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo

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shoPPing with art

ruth Woods

At the centre of the research are two sculptures, both of which are figurative are to be found within close proximity to shop-ping centres. The Dandelion is nine meters tall, made of bronze and steel, and painted with intense green and yellow car paint. It is located on a traffic island just outside the City Syd car park in the Tiller neighbourhood, on the outskirts of Trondheim, Norway. The Bull is also big and made of bronze, two tons to be exact, installed outside one of the two main entrances to the Bullring shopping centre. The shopping centre is located at the heart of Birmingham city centre in England.

The Dandelion and the Bull are large pieces of public art and they have been given very visible locations, but they are not consid-ered culturally important by all the customers or employees at the shopping centres; few are particularly provoked by them or feel the need to defend them. At the same time they are there because those who commissioned them expect them to play a role. Which leads me to my research question: What role does

public art play within shopping centres? It is not just a question; it is also a statement of intention because I am suggesting that public art does play a role within the public places in which it is installed, and I will be describing this role. An anthropological analysis provides the theoretical and methodological means to answer this question.

The shopping centre locations provide the context for the interaction with the sculptures. The point is not to criticise the art in shopping centres or to suggest that other artworks or kinds of art would have been better, but to understand the role of art within a commercial physical structure, one that is not often known for its aesthetic qualities. Shopping centres are also extremely social and dynamic, and the potential for the use of art within them is great.

— an analysis oF how art creates its role within Public Places

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Ruth Woodsdepartment: Architectural Design, Form and Colour Studiesphone: (+47) 73 59 47 80e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.A. Social Anthropology, NTNUproject start: January 2005supervisors: Eivind Kasa (NTNU), Gunnar Lamvik (SINTEF)

Maskros/Dandelion, permanent sculpture in steel & bronze,10m high, Trondheim, Norway, 2007. By artists Are Blytt, Niklas Mulari and Mikael Nilsson. photo: Ruth Woods

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between a rock and a hard Place?

solvår Wågø

Increased focus on the environmental effect of buildings and their energy demand has led to the development of new technological solutions and building concepts. It is no doubt that the focus is important and will have great impact on our built environment. The design concept has considerable consequences for energy use. On the other hand, buildings’ energy use may have implications for architectural quality in housing. It may imply possibilities for architectural qualities, new architectural expressions, as well as new challenges for both architects and residents.

Until now knowledge on the qualitative aspects of low energy concepts regarding architectural qualities and perceived housing qualities are sparse. This type of knowledge is impor-tant to uncover possible conflicting goals and to develop solu-tions which will both ensure ambitious energy goals and the aim to create housing and residential environments that are pleasant and adds quality to people’s everyday lives.

objectivesThe main objective of this PhD-project is to investigate how the focus on low energy-demand affects architectural quali-ties in housing. It aims to understand how different “schools of thought” regarding energy efficient building deal with these issues and how, and if, the ideologies are expressed in the architectural solutions.

The main research questions are:• What are the implications and consequences of building

concepts with a major focus on reduced energy demand on housing quality?

• Are there any contradictions between energy efficiency and housing quality?

These questions will be investigated through both residents’ and architects’ perspective in three different cases that use significantly different technologies and design principles for reduction of energy use.

— imPacts oF low-energy concePts on architectural qualities in housing

project description

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inForMationcandidate: Solvår Wågødepartment: Architectural design and Managementphone: (+47) 73 55 05 68, (+47) 92 48 30 60e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholmproject start: November 2008supervisors: Eli Støa (NTNU), Anne Grete Hestnes (NTNU)

Architecture that welcomes daylight and nature.Frauenmuseum in Hittisau (left) and housing Batchuns (right), Austria. photo: Solvår Wågø.Løvåshagen housing, Bergen (Top right). photo: Knut Egil Wang.

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cultural translation: the role oF museums in identity Formation

dongMing Xu

introductionThe ongoing PhD project is linked with Cultural Translation, one of the three focused areas of the NTNU Globalization Program which is based on NTNU’s long-standing tradition of globalization research, and combines academic excellence, interdisciplinary and social relevance. The research will make a comparison between cases in China and Norway and throw light on how the develop-ment of museum ideology of the last decades in China has been influenced by international trends in knowledge dissemination.

research QuestionsThe theme of the research is, through case studies, to reveal the evolution of museum activities of historical sites in China, focusing on the process of identity formation by the museum as architec-ture in its context, and on the influence of changes in global trends of museology and dissemination of knowledge. To be specific, the burning question of the research is that how the physical environ-ment is used as a tool for identity formation. The thorough reading and comprehension of the studied cases should take into account their wider context, that is, their social and historical setting, and human arenas of interaction.

Moreover, the sub-questions and concerns of the research will focus on four perspectives: historical and archaeological; anthro-pological, ecological and political.

Methodological approach As for the research methods, relevant literature on museology, museum history, questions of authenticity in relation to site interpretation and dissemination of historic contents, and the role of history in identity formation will be searched for and studied. Except the initial archival study, the social anthropological

investigation will be stressed as the scientific method tool in the field work including the site visits and interviews to practical cases.

The case studies will be based on some of the projects that I have been involved in China. Therefore, the project will concentrate on cases in and near Xi’an, the central western area of China which is the cradle of traditional Chinese civilization. Meanwhile, for the sake of practical concerns, it will find some possible parallel cases in Norway.

As for the particular concrete field methods of social anthro-pology, field observations, data collection through social partici-pation, participatory observation, semi-structured interview will be adopted as the scientific method tool in the field investigation.

resultsThe research tries to find the value of a museum lying in its contribution to the community’s identity formation, not just in the museum’s collection of artifacts or its architectural merits alone. contributionA comparison between Chinese and Norwegian cases will reveal their similarities and differences, meanwhile discuss how the development of museum ideology of the last decades in China has been influenced by international trends in knowledge dissem-ination. This comparison-based research will avoid simply-copy (which has been a dominating trend), and thus revive the focus on the identity of each individual place. A critical analysis will then throw light on the role of museums in identity formation. The study will have bilateral benefits, and maybe later also be useful for similar cases in other nations.

project description

— a comParatiVe study oF chinese and norwegian site museums

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inForMationcandidate: Dongming XUdepartment: Architectural Design, History and Technologyphone: (+47) 73 59 60 16, (+47) 41 63 65 26e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

education: M.Arch Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT)project start: November 2008supervisors: Dag Nilsen (NTNU), Axel Christophersen (NTNU), Kecheng LIU (XAUAT)

Terra-cotta figures in Han Yangling Site Museum, the first complete underground site museum adopting advanced conservation technology in China. The museum is one of the main study cases in the PhD field investigation.

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Process related moisture Problems in buildings

cecilie Flyen øyen

A large number of process-related building defects originate in the early planning and design stages of the building process. This applies in particular to moisture, where the impact of climate loads during the construction period is substantially greater than desired. The anticipated changes due to the impact of global warming will serve to enhance such loads on the building environment. The PhD-study focuses on early building process stages of planning and design, and critical decisions made. Main issues are to increase the knowledge of current practice and attention to the challenges of process related moisture problems in buildings, and to map how mois-ture and climate considerations are incorporated in planning and design, information transfer and support for decision making.

Principal objectives• Explore present practice: Attention to moisture and climate

related issues in building process decision making;• Use the knowledge: Further research and outlining of

possible preventive actions.

MethodTwo qualitative case studies of respectively pre-fab housing industry and larger, domestic building projects will provide the empirical substance. Empirical findings are analyzed and discussed on the background of theoretical studies of legal and technical aspects, and of architectural management and building process literature.

Building owners and professional participants of the building process need increased knowledge and tools to attend to the increasing challenges of moisture and climate strain to the built environment. The PhD study will contribute to the devel-opment of both, and to obtain an increased focus on moisture and climate related problems in building process management.

project description

— critical decisions in Planning and design

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inForMationcandidate: Cecilie Flyen Øyendepartment: Architectural Design and Managementphone: (+47) 97183297e-mail: [email protected]

education: M.Arch. NTNU 1990project Start: October 2004supervisors: Geir K. Hansen (NTNU), Jan Vincent Thue (NTNU), Tore Kvande (NTNU)

The utilization of various sorts of weather protection systems for a dry construction process is increasingly more common. photo: Cecilie F. Øyen

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PhD Catalogue AB Faculty 2011

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Transcript of PhD Catalogue AB Faculty 2011