NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY DELHI

Ph.D. ADMISSION TBST. 24fi

Date of Exam : May 7,2017 (Sunday) Centre Name :

Duration

Maximum.Marks

: 90 Minutes

: 100

Roll No

OMR Sheet No.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1" No clarification on the Question paper can be sought. Answer the questions as they are.

2. There are loo multiple choice objective type questions of one mark each which has to be

correct answer by darkening one of the four responses providHB PENCIL AND DO NOT USE BALL POINT/INIVG

PEN.Example: For the question, "Where is the Taj Mahal located?"A) Kolkata B) Agra C) Bhopal D) Delhi

The correct answer is B.The candidate has to darken the corresponding circle as indicated below:

Right Method Wrong Method

@o@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@

4. There is no negative marking.

5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be consi

incorrect and no marks will be awarded for the same.

6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as Zero.

7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Sheet other than the details required and inspaces provide for.

8. After the examination is over, the candidate has to return the test booklet along with the OMR Shee

to the invigilator.9. The use of anv unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her candidatu

10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may have tocriminal prosecution.

answered in the OMR sheet.

3. Candidates have to indicate thein the OMR Sheet. Use ONLY

ll" No electronic gadgets tike mobile phone or calculator will be permitted inside the test cen

NLUDIPh D12017

1. is integral to Empirical Legal Research

A. Argument

B. Inference

C. Observation

D. Reporting

2. Which of the following path-breaking study done by Nuffreld foundation

A. Law in real world

B. Law and SocietY

C. Law and Justice

D. Law and contextual world

3. Lawless and others did the following book

A. EmPirical Research in Law

B. Law and EmPirical Research

C. EmPirical Methods in Law

D. EmPirical Legal Research

4. There are very few writings on experimental method in law. Which of the following was

done by Den Bos and L. Hulst

A. On experiments in Empirical LegalResearch

B. Law and ExPerimental Research

C. Legal Research and ExPeriment

D. Research and ExPeriments in Law

5. Which of the following study deals with jurimetrics research in India

A. Jurimetrics and Supreme Court Cases

B. Decision making in the Supreme Court of India

C. Law in numbers

D. Trends in Legal Research

6. A book "scaling Justice" dealt with

A. Empirical study of socio-economic rights and disposal of terror related cases

B. Drug cases

C. Labour cases

D. Juvenile cases

7. who among the following dealt with impact ofjudicial decisions?

A. Robinson

B. PrataPBhanu Mehta

C. UPendraBaxi

D. Garrv Lomb

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8. A concept operationalizedinmeasurable terms is called?

A. ItemB. Element

C. VariableD. Relationship

9. Research "about the law" conveVs

A. doctrinal

B. non-doctrinal

C. exploratoryD. descriptive

10. Which of the following is correct

A. Concept is a mental image or perception and therefore there meaning varies from

individual to individual

B. Concept is variable

C. Concept is measurable

D. Concept is set of factors

11. Find out the correct sequence in the following

A. Variables - Concept - Indicators

B. Indicators - Concept - Variables

C. Concept - Indicators - Variables

D. Concept - variables - Indicators

12. Which of the following is correct

A. A Nominal scale classifies individual objects or response into subject groups based

on a common/shared property or characteristic

B. Nominal scale is about numberedclassification factors

C. It is about individual characteristic

D. It is about classifications of responses

13. Which of the following scale has absolute zero

A. NominalB. Interval

C. RatioD. Ordinal

14. Which of the following is the function of hypothesis

A. It helps in the preparation in the research plan

B. It helps report writings

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C. It helps data collectionsD. It helps coding

15. Observation as method of data collection produce following type of data

A. QuantitativeB. QualitativeC. Quantitative / QualitativeD. None in above

16. Which of the following is not the type of observations method

A. Non participant

B. Structured

C. QualitativeD. Disguised

17. Which of the technique considered to be the most effective and objective sampling

technique

A. Snowball

B. QuotaC. ProbabilityD. Non probability

18. Which of the following studies found a positive relationship between civil litigation and

wellbeingA. Litigation and well being

B. Wellbeing is measure of litigationC. Measure of litigation and wellbeing

D. Litigation as a measure of wellbeing

19" Which of the following is correct

A. Impact analysis is a study of consequences

B. Impact analysis is a'Jurisprudence of outcomes"

C" Impact analysis is a'Jurisprudence of consequences"

D. Impact analysis is a study of outcomes

20. Martha Menow studied the following?

A. Empirical consequences

B. Doctrinal restatement

C. Jurisprudence of legal research

D. Clinical legal research

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2I. Please chose the correct sequence in a doctrinal research

A. Selecting bibliographic or article databases, choosing search terms, selecting

research, questions, applying methodological screening criteria, applying practical

screening criteria, doing the review, synthesising the results

B. Selecting research questions, selecting bibliographic or article databases, choosing

search terms, applying practical screening criteria, applying methodological

screening criteria, doing the review, synthesising the results

C. Synthesising the results, doing the review, applying methodological screening

criteria, applying practical screening criteria, choosing search terms, selecting

bibliographic or article databases, selecting research questions

D. Doing the review, Synthesising the results, applying methodological screening

criteria, choosing search terms, applying practical screening criteria, selecting

bibliographic or article databases, selecting research questions

is a pre-condition of formulation of hypothesis

A. A literature review

B. Formulation of objectives

C. Observation

D. Variable

23. Which of the following is not an example of a non-random sampling technique?

A. Random

B. QuotaC. Cluster

D. Snowball

24. Which of the following is a step in hypothesisverification in quantitative research design

A. Sampling

B. The study of samPling error

C. Stating null and altemative hypothesis

D. Statingcorrelationalhypothesis

25. In which of the following types of researcho collection of data and analysis can be together

A. Empirical

B. Descriptive

C. QualitativeD. Experimental

26. Assigning meaning in developing categories and theme is the part of

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A. Empirical research

B. Analytical research

C. Doctrinal research

D. Experimental research

27. Grounded theory was developed byA. Lee Apsetine

B. CritzerC. Charmaz

D. Glaser Strauss

28. Theoretical sampling may be involved inA. Research design in empirical research

B. Research design in grounded theory

C. Legal research

D. Action research

29. The content analysis is a technique mainly used inA. Empirical research

B. Survey research

C. Qualitative research

D. Experimental research

30. To study the feelings and emotions, the best suited technique could be

A. Cognitive technique

B. Projective technique

C. Scaling technique

D. Picture technique

3 1. Which of the following is not effectively done in case study research

A. Quantitative analysis

B. Generalization

C. Data analysis

D. Scaling

provides data on number of cases pending and disposed of by Courts across

A. National Grid for Judicial data

B. National Judicial Data Grid

C. National Data of Judicial GridD. National Judicial Statistics

33. National Crime Records Bureau publishes the following

32.

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A. Crime trends in India

B. All India Crime Report

C. Prison Statistics India

D. Indian Crime Data

34. In which of the following Reports, the Law Commission dealt with arrears backlog

andneed for creating additional judicial manpower

A. 242

B. 243

c. 244

D. 245

35. Which of the following committee dealt with judicial impact assessment

A. Justice Jagmohan Committee

B. Justice J. C. Rao

C. Justice M. Jagannadha Rao Committee

D. Justice C.J. Rai Committee

36. Which of the following committees highlighted victim and judicial reforms in India

A. National Police Commission Report

B. Kapoor Committee

C. Malimath Committee

D. Justice Verma Committee

37. What is the name for a variable which is measured using two different values?

A. BinomialB. BinarY

C. Dichotomous

D. All of these

38. Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are indicated in the following manner

A. HIH2B. Ho HaC. Ho H1

D. HaH2

39. Which of the following is a part of SPSS Software window

i ti];*",C. Data editor

D. Data analysis

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40. A data analysis plan would first require to draw

A. Cross tables

B. Frequency tables

C. Graphics

D. Sample

41. In order to study the perceived image of judiciary in India, which of the following research

designs would be appropriate

A. ExperimentalB. Cause and effect

C. Survey

D. Impact study

42. Which of the following is a qualitative analysis method

A. ANOVAB. MANOVAC. Analytical Induction

D. Standard deviation

43. In which of the following cases, parametric statistics become suitably applicable

A. Population mean is unknown

B. Population is stable

C. Population mean is known

D. All the above

44. Which of the following is the correct assumption in case study

A. A unit is indivisible whole and cannot be studied in its wholeness

B. Case study is a social unit

C. It is universal

D. It is based on samPle

45. Which of the following are the most similar?

A. Ordinal, interval and ratio data

B. Nominal and ratio data

C. Nominal, ordinal and ratio data

D. Nominal. ratio and interval data

46. What sort of data is income?

A. Ordinal

B. Interval

C. Ratio

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The concepts in a hypothesis are stated as

A. Indices

B. Theories

C. Populations

D. Variables

E. Ideas

In order for variable to be measured, a researcher must provide

A. Scale

B. Quantitative theorem

C. Operational definitionD. Theory

E. Hypothesis

In order for field research to be successful, the researcher must be

A. Discreet

B. Tactful

C. Unobtrusive

D. Creative

E. Fluent in several languages

A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and

records the answers himself is known as

A. Interview schedule

B. QuestionnaireC. Interview guide

D. All of the given options

The number of questionnaires returned or compldted divided by the total

people who were contacted or asked to participate in the survey is called

A. Response rate

B. Participation rate

C. Inflation rate

D. None of the given option

A small scale trial run of a particular component is known as

A. Pilot testing

B. Pre-testing

C. Lab experiments

D. BothA&B

number of eligible

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

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53.

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An empirical legal study does not include

A. Empirical investigation of law

B. Doctrinal analysis of legal principles

C. Empirical investigation of legal phenomenon

D. Empirical investigation of legal system

Following software can detect plagiarism

A. SPSS

B. TurnitinC. Atlas

D. Excel

If the researcher is unfamiliar with a specific area of law, such as defamation then a treatise

on law of torts will provide an overview of the area. The treatise would also include

A. References of Key court cases relating to defamation

B. Enacted law conceming defamation

C. AandBbothD. Only B

Values of variables are presented in vertical bars in

A. Pie

B. Pictorial

C. Histogram

D. Graphics

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

Choose the correct sequence

ABData analysis Data Processing

Datainterpretation Datainterpretation

Data processing Data analYsis

C

Data interPretation

Data analysis

Data processing

D

Data processing

Data analYsis

Data interPretation

59.

A trial court performs basic functions in the legal administration of justice, which does not

includeA. Fact findingB. Law findingC. Not to leave any scope for appeal against its decision

D. None of the above

The purpose of legal impact analysis is to

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A. Record and explain how a particular law and group of subject-linked within a

particular social setting

B. Record and explain how a particular law works within a particular social setting

C. AandBbothD. none of the above

60. Legal Reasoning refers to

A. Psychological process undergone by Judges in reaching decisions

B. Arguments that Judges give in writing in support of the decisions they render

C. A logic ofjudicial decision making

D. All the above

6I- The object oflegal research is to

A. Test concepts by collecting legal facts of a particular atea

B. To evaluate law from historical perspective

C. To analyse the consequences of new law

D. All the above

62. Doctrinal research in law involves

A. Analysis of case lawB. Arranging, ordering and systematising legal proposition

C. Study of legal institutions through legal reasoning or rational deduction

D. All the above

63. Empirical legal research is carried out by:

A. Collecting or gathering information by first hand study of the subject

B. Collecting facts and data stored in the library

C. Collecting archives and other data base

D. All the above

64. Before using the technique of social science research by a law student, which fact should

. be kept in mind:

A. Law student should be trained to undertake effective legal research work

B. They should be competent enough to go through requisite legal material in a

systematic manner

C. They should be competent to establish the relationship between law and the society

as law has its roots in societY

D. All the above

65. The basic component in legal reasoning as applied to legal process is:

A. LogicB. Justice

C. Experience and PolicYD. All the above

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66.

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The method of studying a phenomenon by taking some assumptions and deriving

conclusion from these assumptions is known as:

A. Deductive method

B. Inductive method

C. Mixed method

D. None of the above

Complete this sentence. A hypothesis is:

A. A statement which serves as the basis for further investigation

B. A statement of the aims of an investigation

C. The methodical evaluation of research evidence

D. All of these

is a statistical index which describes the degree and direction of the

relationship between

A. Correlation

B. Probability

C. Mean

D. T-test

characteristics or variables

What is an ethical dilemma?

A. An ethical dilemma is conflict between different principles of moral conduct

B. An ethical dilemma is agreement of the different principles of immoral conduct

C. An ethical diiemma is agreement of the different principles of moral conduct

D. An ethical dilemma is conflict between the different principles of immoral conduct

What is the purpose of informed consent?

A. In order that the participant can make an informed choice about their participation

and not undertake to do something which they may otherwise have declined to do

B" To make sure that participants know exactly what to expect from the research and to

communicate their right to withdraw at any stage

C. To ensure that participants are not lied to about the time commitment involved in

their participation

D. All of these

What should happen if a participant withdraws from your research?

A. All information contributed by that participant up to that date should be destroyed' or

tumed over to the participant for their disposal

B. Contact the participant for a follow up interview to see why they want to withdraw

from the study

C. If you have already analysed the data, keep the participant's information in the study

D. All of these

68.

69.

70.

71.

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72. In certain circumstances, other researchers may request your data set for verification. In

which situations would you have to refuse their access?

A. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured and if another party have

proprietary rights over the data which prevent its release

B. If the participants have not signed a disclaimer and if another party have proprietary

rights over the data which prevent its release

C. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured, and if another party has

already requested the data at an earlier timeD. If the confidentiality of the participants cannot be assured and if you intend to use

the data in a follow up study

73. What sort of research is coding appropriate for?

A. Quantitative and qualitative

B. QualitativeC. QuantitativeD. None of these

74. Which one of the following statements is true of content analysis?

A. Content analysis is a method commonly used in qualitative research to aid data

collection

B. Content analysis is a method commonly used in psychological research to aid data

entry

C. Content analysis is a method commonly used in communication research to classify

or categorise media content

D. Content analysis is a method commonly used in quantitative research to categorise

the sex of participants

75. What type of coding would a multiple choice question produce?

A. Qualitative coding

B. Coding emerging from the data

C. Pre-coded

D. Researcher imposed coding

76. In which one of the below circumstances could pre-coding be used?

A. Observational studies

B. Self-completionquestionnaires

C. ResearcheradministeredquestionnairesD. All of these

77. What is the purpose of a coding manual?

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A.

B.

C.

D.

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To provide a method by which the researcher interrogates the data to decide whatcategories the data fitTo simply instruct the coder how to enter data

To detail the structure of the questionnaire, how data should be collected, what

themes are expected to emerge and how missingdata should be entered

To detail how coding decisions are to be made, what categories are, how categories

are defined, and sometimes give examples of the sorts of data that fit into each

category

78. Which one of the below is true of pre-coding?

A. Pre-coding lends its self to qualitative data analysis

B. The data collected are limited by the nature of the categories created by the

researcher

C. Pre-coding is only employed when self-completion questionnaires are used

D. Pre-coding provides rich and detailed data

Operationalization is the process of strictly defining variables into observable factors

A. Yes

B. Seldom

C. Sometime

D. No

The primary aim of is to give structure to data in the form of categories which

can then be analysed

A. Self-completion questionnaires

B. Coding

C" Pilot studies

D. Statistics analvsis

One paper difference between the evaluation of qualitative research and quantitative

research is that quantitative researchers look for consistency amongst observations as a

mark of value, whereas qualitative research is based around the notion that there are many

diverse ways of interpreting observations

A. TrueB. False

C. IndefiniteD. All the above

Which of the following is true?

A. In all research argumentation and the drawing of conclusion is dependent on precise

logical sequences and should be precise and coherent, not dependent on emotion

B. In quantitative research argumentation and the drawing of conclusion is dependent

on precise logical sequence and should be precise and coherent, not dependent on

emotion

79.

80.

81.

82.

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C. In qualitative research argumentation and the drawing of conclusions is depehdent

on precise logical sequences and should be precise and coherent, not dependent on

emotionD. All of these

83. How would you best judge the fruitfulness of research?

A. Whether or not the results are significant

B. By assessing the impact of the research on the Public or other researchers

C. In terms of the number of new ideas and Insights it offers. This is not easily

catalogued; rather it is easy to spot when research lacks novel insights and ideas

D. All of these

84. It is acceptable to consider the application of research findings as an indication of the

value of some research. Why does this prove difficult with qualitative research?

A. Because qualitative research is subjective and this undermines its impact

B. Because qualitative research cannot be used effectively to solve a problem

C. 'Because quantitative research is better than qualitative research when it comes to

applied psychology

D. Because qualitative research is never used in applied psychology

85. Why does validity pose a problem for qualitative research?

A. Because the measurement of validity implies that there is something fixed which

can be measured

B. Because there isn't any quantitative data on which to assess validity

C. Because the validity of interviews cannot be measured

D. Because validity is only an issue in quantitative research

86. Which of the below is true of a research report?

A. A research report does not give every last detail but provides a clear synthesis of the

major and critical aspects of the research process

B. An ideal is to include every detail about the research as fully as possible

C. A research report gives every last detail of the major and critical aspects of the

research process

D. A research report presents the stages of the research accurately down to the last

detail, and in order in which they occurred

g7. Which of the following lists presents the sections of research report in the correct order?

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A. Title page, Abstracts, Title, introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion,

Appendices, References

B. Title page, Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Conclusion, Discussion,

References, Appendices

C" Title page, Abstract, Title, Introduction, Method, Results, Conclusion, Discussion,

References, Appendices

D. Title page, Abstract, Title, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion,

References, Appendices

88. Conceming the expression of numbers in research reports, which of the followingsentences is correct?

A. Thirty four participants completed the questionnaire, of which 20 were female

B. Thirty four participants completed the questionnaire, of which twenty were female

C. Thirty four participants completed the questionnaire, of which about 20 were

female

D. Thirty four participants completed the questionnaire, of which 20 were female

89. Which of the below sentences is in the correct format for a research report?

A. One hundred individuals who were the partners of a GP were approached at random,

74 of which agreed to complete a questionnaire

B. One hundred GP's partners were approached at random, 74 of which agreed to

complete a questionnaire

C. One hundred doctor's wives were approached at random,74 of which agreed to

complete a questionnaire

D. 100 individuals who were the partner of a GP were approached at random, 74 of

which agreed to complete a questionnaire

90. Which of the following is the best way to test a hypothesis according to the hypothetico-

deductive method?

A. By repeating a study looking for consistency in outcomes

B. By finding evidence which supports the hypothesis

C. By rejecting the hypothesis

D. By looking for instances where the hypothesis fails

%. Which of the following is true of the hypothetico-deductive method?

A. It is the basis for testing for testing for statistical significance

B. It encourages the development of specific hypotheses based on empirically derived

theories

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C. It is a computer problem to help researchers to improve the quality of their

hypotheses

D. It encourages the use of exploratory studies

92. Which of the below method is used in content analysis?

A. Recording

B. ClassiffingC. CountingD. All the above

93. Using different methods of collectingdata, different sources of evidence, different tests and

in some cases different interviewers. is known as what?

A. Convergent validityB. RetiabilityC. TriangulationD. Transferability

94. Choose the incorrect statement

A. A measure that is valid for one purpose may not be valid for another purpose

B. Reliability and validity are not inherent characteristics of measures

C. Creating a new measure using item-analysis procedures would usually be followed

by assessing the reliability and validity of the measure

D. Reliability and validity should not be affected by the context and purpose of the

measure

is a preferred sampling method for the population with finite size

A. Area samPling

B. Cluster samPling

C. Purposive samPling

D. Systematic samPling

96. Research and development is a significant part of the index of development of country'

Which of the following is correct with regard to this statement?

A. R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country

B. R&D targets the human development

c. R&D can improve the standard of living of the people in a country

D. All the above

97. The longitudinal approach of research deals with

A. Horizontal researches

95.

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Long-term researches

Short-term researches

None of the above

Which of the following is not an open source software:

A. DSpace

B. Windows

C. Green-stone

D. Linux

99. Conference proceedings are considered as documents

A. Conventional

B. PrimarY

C. SecondarY

D. TertiarY

100. Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?

A. IfB. HowC. WhY

D. What

B.

C.

D.

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