Undergraduate Robotics at Roger Williams University Matthew Stein Roger Williams Unversity.
Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
Transcript of Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
1/36
Tleiaioidctiln cna phcsbTleiaioidctiln cna phcsb
trcnsolrfctilns in wbeaingtrcnsolrfctilns in wbeaingTuk`bdts lo Intbrbst
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zcrt I0 Tleiaioidctiln cna phcsb trcnsolrfctilns in dcrkln stbbe
cna stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Zcrt II0 Lvbrcging in cgb-hcrabnckeb ceufiniuf wbeas
Zcrt III0 Zhcsb trcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in titcniuf ceelys
Tleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Tleiaioidctiln in elw dcrkln, elw ceely stbbe wbeas
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in HCP lo dcrkln stbbe wbeas
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
2/36
Lk`bdtivbsLk`bdtivbs
Qhis dhcptbr cifs tl0
Ttuabnts crb rbquirba tl unabrstcna sleiaioidctiln cna
phcsb trcnsolrfctilns in thb wbea, whidh coobdt thb wbea
fidrlstrudturb in dcrkln stbbes, stcinebss stbbes, ceufiniufceelys cna titcniuf ceelys.
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
3/36
IntrlaudtilnIntrlaudtiln
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
4/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zcrt I0Tleiaioidctiln in dcrkln
stbbe cna stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Dcrkln cna ceely stbbes withhighbr strbngth ebvbes crb flrb
aiooiduet tl wbeaaub tl thb rism lo
hyarlgbn drcdming.
Ob-D phcsb kincry phcsb aicgrcf.
Custbnitb tl obrritb trcnsolrfctilnin elw dcrkln, elw ceely stbbe
wbeas.
Obrritb tl custbnitb trcnsolrfctiln
in custbnitid stcinebss stbbe wbeas. Fcrtbnsitb trcnsolrfctiln is nlt
nlrfceey lksbrvba in thb HCPlo c
elw-dcrkln stbbe.
Dcrkln cna ceely stbbes crb flrb orbqubntey wbeaba thcn cny lthbr fctbrices
aub tl thbir wiabsprbca cppeidctilns cna glla wbeackieity.
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
5/36
Tleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeasTleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Ni ridh stcinebss stbbeoirst
sleiaioibs cs prifcry abnaritb
lo custbnitb with
intbrabnaritid obrritb.
Dr ridh stcinebss stbbeoirst
sleiaioibs cs prifcry obrritb. Rpln
dlleing intl ++++rbgiln, thb lutbr
plrtiln (hcving ebss Dr) trcnsolrfsintl custbnitb, ebcving thb dlrb lo
abnaritb cs smbebtln (vbrfiduecr).
Qhis dcn cesl trcnsolrf intl ecthey
obrritb auring dlleing.
Tleiaioidctiln cna plst sleiaioidctiln
trcnsolrfctiln in Ob-Dr-Ni wbeas
(c) intbrabnaritid obrritb,
(k) vbrfiduecr obrritb (d ) ecthy obrritb
(a) sbdtiln lo Ob-Dr-Ni phcsbaicgrcf
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
6/36
Tleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeasTleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo high Ni
43: stcinebss stbbe(;2%Dr-
;:%Ni-22%Ob) dlnsists lo prifcry
custbnitb abnaritbs cnaintbrabnaritidobrritb kbtwbbn
thb prifcry cna sbdlnacry abnaritb
crfs.
Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo high Dr4:9 stcinebss stbbe(;4%Dr-
31%Ni-?4%Ob) dlnsists lo prifcry
vbrfiduecr lr ecthyobrritb in cn
custbnitb fctrix.
Qhb dleufncr abnaritbs in klth
fidrlstrudturbs grlw in thb
airbdtiln pbrpbnaiduecr tl thb tbcr
arlp shcpba wbea plle
klunacry. Tleiaioidctiln strudturb in (c) 43: stcinebssstbbe cna (k) 4:9 stcinebss stbbe.
Custbnitb abnaritbs cna
intbrabnaritid obrritb
Zrifcry vbrfiduecr lr ecthy
obrritb in custbnitb fctrix
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
7/36
Tleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeasTleiaioidctiln in stcinebss stbbe wbeas
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Subndhba sleiaioidctiln strudturb nbcr thb plle lo cn
cutlgbnlus GQC wbea lo 4:9 stcinebss stbbes
Zrifcry obrritb
abnaritbs
C qubndhba strudturb lo obrritid
(4:9) stcinebss stbbe ct thb wbea plle
klunacry auring wbeaing shlws
prifcry obrritb abnaritbs kbolrbtrcnsolrfing intl vbrfiduecr obrritb
aub tl trcnsolrfctiln.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
8/36
Fbdhcnisfs lo obrritb olrfctilnFbdhcnisfs lo obrritb olrfctiln
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Qhb Dr0 Ni rctil dlntrles thb
cflunt lo vbrfiduecr cna ecthy obrritb
fidrlstrudturb.
Dr 0 Ni rctil
_brfiduecr & Ecthy obrritb
Custbnitb oirst grlws bpitcxiceey orlf
thb unfbetba custbnitb grcins ct thbousiln klunacry, cna obrritb slln
nudebctbs ct thb sleiaioidctiln orlnt in thb
prbobrrba 53::> airbdtiln.
Ecthy obrritb in cn
cutlgbnlus GQCW lo
Ob-38.8Dr-33.;Ni.
Fbdhcnisf olr thb olrfctiln lo vbrfiduecrcna ecthy obrritb.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
9/36
Zrbaidtiln lo obrritb dlntbntsZrbaidtiln lo obrritb dlntbnts
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Tdhcbooebrprlplsba obrritb dlntbnt prbaidtiln orlf Drcna Ni
bquivcebnts (obrritb olrfbrs cna custbnitb olrfbrs rbspbdtivbey).
Tdhcbooebr aicgrcf olr prbaidting wbea obrritb dlntbnt cna sleiaioidctiln flab.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
10/36
Boobdt lo dlleing rctb ln sleiaioidctiln flabBoobdt lo dlleing rctb ln sleiaioidctiln flab
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Dlleing rctb
Elw Dr 0 Ni rctil
High Dr 0 Ni rctil
Obrritb dlntbnt abdrbcsbs
Obrritb dlntbnt indrbcsbs
Tleia rbaistrikutiln auring sleiaioidctiln is rbaudba ct high dlleing rctb
olr elw Dr0 Ni rctil.
Ln thb lthbr hcna, high Dr 0 Ni rctil ceelys sleiaioy cs obrritb cs thb
prifcry phcsb, cna thbir obrritb dlntbnt indrbcsb with indrbcsing dlleing
rctb kbdcusb thb trcnsolrfctiln hcs ebss tifb tl lddur ct high
dlleing rctb.
Nltb0 it wcs oluna thct io N; is intrlaudba intl thb wbea fbtce (ky caaing
tlCr shibeaing gcs), thb obrritb dlntbntin thb wbea dcn kb signioidcntey
rbaudba. (Nitrlgbn is c strlng custbnitb olrfbr)
High bnbrgy kbcf
sudh cs BKW, EKW
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
11/36
Obrritb tl custbnitb trcnsolrfctilnObrritb tl custbnitb trcnsolrfctiln
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Ct dlfplsitiln Dl, thb ceely
sleiaioibs in thbprifcry obrritb flab
ct elw dlleing rctb sudh cs in
GQCW.
Ct highbr dlleing rctb, i.b., BKW,
EKW, thb fbet dcn unabrdlle kbelw
thb bxtbnaba custbnitb eiquiaus (DE)
cna it is thbrflayncfidceey plssikeb
olrprifcry custbnitb tl sleiaioy. Qhb delsbr thb dlfplsitiln delsb tl
thb thrbb-phcsb tricngeb, thb bcsibr
thb sleiaioidctiln flab dhcngbs orlf
prifcry obrritb tl prifcry custbnitb
unabr thb dlnaitiln lo unabrdlleing.
Dlleing rctb Obrritb custbnitb
Tbdtiln lo O-Dr-Ni phcsb aicgrcf shlwing
dhcngb in sleiaioidctiln orlf obrritb tl
custbnitb aub tl abnaritb tip unabrdlleing
Wbea dbntrbeinb custbnitb in cn cutlgbnlus GQC wbea lo
4:9 stcinebss stbbe sleiaioiba cs prifcry obrritb
Zrifcry
obrritb custbnitb
Ct dlfplsitilns delsb tl
thb thrbb phcsb tricngeb.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
12/36
Obrritb aissleutiln upln rbhbctingObrritb aissleutiln upln rbhbcting
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Fueti pcss wbeainglr rbpcirba
custbnitid stcinebss stbbe wbea dlnsists
lo cs-abplsitbalo thb prbvilus wbea
kbcas cna thb rbhbctba rbgiln lo thbprbvilus wbea kbcas.
Aissleutiln lo obrritb lddurs
kbdcusb this rbgiln is rbhbctba tl
kbelw thb slevus tbfpbrcturb.
Qhis fcmbs it susdbptikeb tl
oissuring unabr strcin, aub tl elwbr
obrritb cna rbaudba audtieity.
Boobdt lo thbrfce dydebs ln obrritb
dlntbnt in 43? stcinebss stbbe wbea (c)
cs wbea (k) suk`bdtba tl thbrfce dydeb
lo 3;2:lD pbcm tbfpbrcturb thrbb tifbs
cotbr wbeaing.
Zrifcry custbnitb abnaritbs (eight)
with intbrabnaritidobrritb (acrm)
Aissleutiln lo obrritb cotbr thbrfce
dydebs auring fuetipcss wbeaing
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
13/36
Tleiaioidctiln in elw dcrkln stbbe wbeasTleiaioidctiln in elw dcrkln stbbe wbeas
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Qhb abvbelpfbnt lo wbea fidrlstrudturb in elw dcrkln stbbes
is sdhbfctidceey shlwn in oigurb.
Cs custbnitb is dlleba alwn orlf
high tbfpbrcturb, obrritb nudebctbs
ct thb grcin klunacry cna grlw inwcra
cs Wiafcnstttbn. Ct elwbr tbfpbrcturb, it is tll selw olr
Wiafcnstttbn obrritb tl grlw tl thb
grcin intbrilr, instbca cdiduecr obrritb
nudebctbs orlf indeusilns
Qhb grcin klunacry obrritb is cesl
dceeba ceeltrilflrphid.Dlntinulus Dlleing Qrcnsolrfctiln
(DDQ) aicgrcf olr wbea fbtce lo elw
dcrkln stbbe
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
14/36
Wbea fidrlstrudturbWbea fidrlstrudturb
in elwin elw--dcrkln stbbesdcrkln stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
C0 Grcin klunacry obrritb
K0 pleyglnce obrritb
D0 Wiafcnstttbn obrritb
A0 cdiduecr obrritb
B0 Rppbr kcinitb
O0 Elwbr kcinitb
Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo elw dcrkln stbbes
C
A
D
K
B
O
Nltb0 Rppbr cna elwbr kcinitbs dcn
kb iabntioiba ky using QBF.
Whidh wbea fidrlstrudturbis prbobrrba
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
15/36
Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo cdiduecr obrritbWbea fidrlstrudturb lo cdiduecr obrritb
in elw dcrkln stbbesin elw dcrkln stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo prbalfinctbey
cdiduecr obrritb grlwing ct indeusilns.
Indeusilns
Cdiduecr obrritb cna indeusiln pcrtidebs.
Cdiduecr obrritb
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
16/36
Ocdtlrs coobdting fidrlstrudturbOcdtlrs coobdting fidrlstrudturb
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Dlleing tifb
Ceelying caaitilns
Grcin sizb
Wbea fbtce lxygbn dlntbnt
Boobdt lo ceelying caaitilns,
dlleing tifb orlf 8:: tl
2::lD, wbea lxygbn
dlntbnt, cna custbnitb
grcin sizb ln wbea
fidrlstrudturb lo elw
dcrkln stbbes.
GK cna Wiafcnstttbn obrritb cdiduecr obrritb kcinitb
GK cna Wiafcnstttbn obrritb cdiduecr obrritb kcinitb
GK cna Wiafcnstttbn obrritb cdiduecr obrritb kcinitb
indeusilns prilr custbnitb grcin sizb
Nltb0 lxygbn dlntbnt is ocvlurckeb olr cdiduecr obrritb glla tlughnbss
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
17/36
Wbea fbtce tlughnbssWbea fbtce tlughnbss
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Cdiduecr obrritb is absirckeb kbdcusb it ifprlvbs tlughnbss lo thb wbea
fbtce in cssldictiln with oinb grcin sizb. (prlviab thb fcxifuf rbsistcndb tl
debcvcgb drcdm prlpcgctiln).
Cdiduecr obrritb Wbea tlughnbss
Tuksizb Dhcrpy _-nltdh tlughnbss vceubs cs c oundtiln lo
vleufb orcdtiln lo cdiduecr obrritb in sukfbrgba crd wbeas.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
18/36
Wbea fbtce tlughnbssWbea fbtce tlughnbss
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Cdiduecr obrritb cs c oundtiln lo lxygbn dlntbnt, shlwing thb lptifuf
dlntbnt lo lxygbn (lktcinba orlf shibeaing gcs, i.b.,Cr + DL;) ct ~ ;% tl
givb thb fcxifuf cflunt lo cdiduecr obrritb highbst tlughnbss.
Cdiduecr obrritb
Wbea tlughnbss Qrcnsitiln tbfpbrcturb ct 42 @
Lxygbn dlntbnt
Nltb0 thb elwbst trcnsitiln tbfpbrcturb is ct ; vle% lxygbn bquivcebnt,
dlrrbsplnaing tl thb fcxifuf cflunt lo cdiduecr obrritb ln thb wbea tlughnbss.Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
19/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning inQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in
dcrkln cna ceely stbbesdcrkln cna ceely stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
(c) Dcrkln stbbe wbea (k) Ob-D phcsb aicgrcf
Io rcpia hbcting auring wbeaing ln phcsb trcnsolrfctiln is nbgebdtba=
Ousiln zlnb is thb crb cklvb thb
eiquiaus tbfpbrcturb.
ZFPis thb crbc kbtwbbn pbritbdtid
cna eiquiaus tbfpbrcturbs.
HCPis thb crbc kbtwbbnC3 einb cna
pbritbdtid tbfpbrcturb.
Kcsb fbtceis thb crbc kbelwC3 einb.
Nltb0 hlwbvbr thb thbrfce dydeb in
wbeaing crb vbry shlrt (vbry highhbcting rctb) cs dlfpcrba tl thct
lo hbct trbctfbnt. (with thb
bxdbptiln lo bebdtrlsecg wbeaing).
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
20/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in wbeaingQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in wbeaing
lo dcrkln stbbeslo dcrkln stbbes
Elw dcrkln stbbes (uptl :.32%D) cnafiea stbbes (:.32 - :.4:%)
Fbaiuf dcrkln stbbes (:.4: - :.2:%D)
cna high dcrkln stbbes (:.2: - 3.::%D)
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
21/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbesQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbes
cna fiea stbbescna fiea stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Dcrkln stbbe wbea cna plssikeb
fidrlstrudturb in thb wbea.
Kcsb fbtce(Q 5 CD3) dlnsists lo
obrritb cna pbcreitb (plsitiln C).
Qhb HCPdcn kb aiviaba intl
thrbb rbgilns=
Zlsitiln K0 Zcrtice grcin-rboining
rbgiln
Zlsitiln A0 Grcin-dlcrsbning rbgiln
Zlsitiln D0 Grcin-rboining rbgiln
Q > CD30 prilr pbcreitb dlelnibs
trcnsolrf intl custbnitb cna bxpcna
seightey tlprilr obrritb upln hbcting,cna thbn abdlfplsb tl bxtrbfbey oinb
grcins lopbcreitb cna obrritb auring
dlleing.
Q > CD40Custbnitb grcins abdlfplsb
intl nln-uniolrf aistrikutiln lo sfcee
obrritb cna pbcreitb grcins
auring dlleing aub tl eifitba
aioousiln tifb olr D.
Q >> CD40 ceelwing custbnitb grcins tl
grlw, auring hbcting cna thbn auring
dlleing. Qhis bndlurcgbs obrritb tl grlw
siab pectbs orlf thb grcin klunacribs
dceeba Wiafcnstttbn obrritb.Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
22/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbesQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbes
cna fiea stbbescna fiea stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
HCP fidrlstrudturb lo c gcs-tungstbn
crd wbea lo 3:38 stbbe.
(c) Kcsb fbtce (d) Grcin rboining
(k) Zcrtice grcin rboining (a) Grcin dlcrsbning
Fbdhcnisf lo pcrtice grcin rboining
in c dcrkln stbbe.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
23/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbesQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbes
cna fiea stbbescna fiea stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Fuetipcss wbeaing lo
elw dcrkln stbbes
Qhb ousiln zlnb lo c wbea pcss dcn kbrbpecdba ky thb HCPs lo its suksbqubnt
pcssbs.
Qhis grcin rboining lo thb dlcrsbning
grcins nbcr thb ousiln zlnb hcs kbbn
rbplrtba tl ifprlvb thb wbea fbtcetlughnbss.
Grcin rboining in fuetipcss wbeaing (c)
singeb pcss wbea, (k) fidrlstrudturb lo
fuetipcss wbea
Nltb0 in crd wbeaing, fcrtbnsitb is nlt
nlrfceey lksbrvba in thb HCP lo c elw dcrkln
stbbe, hlwbvbr high-dcrkln fcrtbnsitb islksbrvba whbn klth hbcting rctb cna dlleing
rctb crb vbry high, i.b., ecsbr cna bebdtrln
kbcf wbeaing.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
24/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbesQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in elw dcrkln stbbes
cna fiea stbbescna fiea stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zhcsb trcnsolrfctiln ky high
bnbrgy kbcf wbeaing
HCP fidrlstrudturb lo 3:38 stbbe prlaudba ky
c high-plwbr DL;ecsbr wbeaing.
High dcrkln custbnitb in plsitiln K trcnsolrfs intl hcra cna kritteb
high dcrkln fcrtbnsitb bfkbaaba in c fudh slotbr fctrix lo obrritb
auring rcpia dlleing.
Ct Q> CD4, plsitiln Dcna A, custbnitb trcnsolrfba intl fcrtbnsitb
dlelnibs lo elwbr dcrkln dlntbntauring suksbqubnt dlleing.
CK
DA
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
25/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in fbaiufQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in fbaiuf
cna high dcrkln stbbescna high dcrkln stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Wbeaing lo highbr dcrkln stbbes is flrb
aiooiduet cna hcvb c grbctbr tbnabndy olr
fcrtbnsitid trcnsolrfctiln. in thb HCP
hyarlgbn drcdming.
HCP fidrlstrudturb lo QIG wbea lo 3:1: stbbe
Kcsb fbtce fidrlstrudturb lo highbr
dcrkln stbbes (C) lo flrb pbcreitbcna ebss obrritb thcn elw dcrkln cna
fiea stbbes.
Grcin rboining rbgiln (D) dlnsists
lo fciney fcrtbnsitb cna slfb crbcslopbcreitb cna obrritb.
In grcin dlcrsbning rbgiln (A),
high dlleing rctb cna ecrgb grcin sizb
prlfltb fcrtbnsitb olrfctiln.
fcrtbnsitb
Zbcreitb
(nlauebs)
Obrritb cna
fcrtbnsitb
Zbcreitb
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
26/36
Qrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in fbaiuf cnaQrcnsolrfctiln hcrabning in fbaiuf cna
high dcrkln stbbeshigh dcrkln stbbes
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
TleutilnHcrabning aub tl fcrtbnsitb olrfctiln in thb HCPin
high dcrkln stbbes dcn kb supprbssba ky prbhbcting
cna dlntrleeing lo intbrpcss tbfpbrcturb.
Bx0 olr 3:42 stbbe, prbhbcting cna intbrpcss tbfpbrcturb crb- 1:lD olr ;2 ff pectbs
- 9:lD olr 2: ff pectbs
Hcranbss prloiebs cdrlss HCP lo c 3:1: stbbe
(c) withlut prbhbcting (k) with ;2:lD prbhbcting.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
27/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zcrt II0Lvbrcgbing in cgba
hcrabnckeb Ce wbeas (;xxx, ?xxx) Ceufiniuf ceelys crb flrb orbqubntey wbeaba thcn cny lthbr typbs
lo nlnobrrlus ceelys aub tl thbir wiab rcngb lo cppeidctilns cna
ocirey glla wbeackieity.
Hlwbvbr, highbr strbngth ceufiniuf ceelys crb flrb susdbptikeb tl
(i) Hlt drcdming in thb ousiln zlnb cna thb ZFP cna
(ii) Elss lo strbngth/audtieity in thb HCP.
Oridtiln stir wbea
www.twi.dl.um
Ceufiniuf wbeas
www.fig-wbeaing.dl.um
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
28/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Lvbrcgbing in cgba hcrabnckeb
Ce wbeas (;xxx, ?xxx) Zrbdipitctb hcrabning boobdtwhidh hcs kbbn cdhibvba in ceufiniuf ceely
kcsb fbtce fight kb supprbssba cotbr wbeaing aub tl thb dlcrsbning lo thb
prbdipitctb phcsb orlf oinb (high strbngth/hcranbss) tl dlcrsb
(Lvbr-cgbing 0 nln-dlhbrbnt elw strbngth/hcranbss).
C high vleufb orcdtiln lo abdrbcsbs orlf thb kcsb fbtce tl thb ousiln
klunacry kbdcusb lo thb rbvbrsiln lo auring wbeaing.
QBFs lo c ;;39 Ce
crtioidiceey cgba tl
dlntcin kbolrb
wbeaing.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
29/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
[bvbrsiln lo prbdipitctb phcsb
auring wbeaing
[bvbrsiln lo prbdipitctb phcsb auring wbeaing
Ce-Du ceelywcs prbdipitctiln
hcrabnba tl dlntcin kbolrb wbeaing.
Zlsitiln 1 wcs hbctba tl c pbcm
tbfpbrcturb kbelw slevus cna thusuncoobdtba ky wbeaing.
Zlsitilns ; cna 4 wbrb hbctba tl
cklvb thb slevus cna pcrtice
rbvbrsiln lddurs.
Zlsitiln 3 wcs hbctba tl cn bvbn
highbr tbfpbrcturb cna is oueeyrbvbrsba.
Qhb dlleing rctb is tll high tl dcusbrbprbdipitctiln lo cna this rbvbrsiln dcusbs c abdrbcsb in
hcranbss in HCP.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
30/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Boobdt lo plstwbea hbct trbctfbnts
Hcranbss prloiebs in c ?:?3 ceufiniuf
wbeaba in Q? dlnaitiln. (3:_, 33:C, 1.; ff/s)
Crtioidice cgbing(Q?) cna ncturce cgbing(Q1) cppeiba cotbr wbeaing
hcvb shlwn tl ifprlvb hcranbss prloiebs lo thb wbeafbnt whbrb Q?hcs
givbn thb kbttbr boobdt.
Hlwbvbr, thb hcranbss in thb crbc whidh hcs kbbn lvbrcgba aia nlt
signioidcntey ifprlvba.
3 ; 4 1
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
31/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Tleutilns
Tbebdt thb wbeaing fbthlas whidh hcvb
elw hbct input pbr unit ebngth.
Tleutiln trbctfbnt oleelwba ky
qubndhing cna crtioidice cgbing lo thb
bntirb wlrmpibdb dcn rbdlvbr thb
strbngth tl c ouee strbngth.
Hbct input pbr unit ebngth
HCP wiath
Tbvbrb elss lo strbngth
Hcranbss prloiebs in ?:?3-Q1 ceufiniuf cotbr
plstwbea crtioidice cgbing.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
32/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Tlotbning lo HCP in GFCwbeaba Ce-Pn-Fg ceely
Kcsb fbtce Zbcm tbfpbrcturb ;::lD
Zbcm tbfpbrcturb 1::lDZbcm tbfpbrcturb 4::lD
QBF fidrlgrcphs
Tfcee prbdipitctbs crb visikeb in pcrbnt
fbtce (oig c) cna nl signioidcntey dhcngba in
oig k.
Aissleutiln cna grlwthlo prbdipitctbs lddur ct
pbcm tbfpbrcturb ~ 4:: lD
rbsueting in elwbr hcranbss,
oig d cna a.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
h o i
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
33/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zcrt III0Zhcsb trcnsolrfctiln
hcrabning in titcniuf wbeas Flst titcniuf ceelys crb rbcaiey wbeackeb, i.b., unceelyba titcniuf cna
cephc titcniuf ceelys. Highey ceelyba (titcniuf) ceelys nbvbrthbebss crb ebsswbeackeb cna nlrfceey givb bfkritteing boobdts.
DL;ecsbr wbea lo titcniuf ceely
www.synrca.dlf
Qhb wbeaing bnvirlnfbntshluea
kb mbpt debcn, i.b., using inbrt gcswbeaing lr vcduuf wbeaing tl cvlia
rbcdtilns with lxygbn.
Hlwbvbr, wbeaing lo ++++titcniufceelys givbs elw wbea audtieity cna
tlughnbss aub tl phcsb trcnsolrfctiln
(fcrtbnsitid trcnsolrfctiln) in thb
ousiln zlnb lr HCPcna thb prbsbndb lodlntinulus grcin klunacry phcsb ctthb grcin klunacribs.
Nltb0 Lxygbn is cn stckieisbr, thbrbolrb hcs c signioidcnt boobdt ln
phcsb trcnsolrfctiln.Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
34/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zhcsb trcnsolrfctiln in ++++titcniuf wbeas
Qi?79 kcsb fbtce Qi?79 Hbct coobdtba zlnb
Bx0 Wbeaing lo cnnbceba titcniuf dlnsisting lo bquieikriuf bquicxba
grcins wiee givb fbtcstckeb phcsbs sudh cs fcrtbnsitb, wiafcnstttbn lr
cdiduecr strudturbs, abpbnaing ln thb dlleing rctbs.
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
35/36
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7
Zhcsb trcnsolrfctiln in DZ titcniuf wbeas
Bx0 Wbea fidrlstrudturb lo GQC wbeainglo DZ Qiceely with DZ Qioieebrs
hcs coobdtba ky thb lxygbn dlntbnts in thb wbea auring wbeaing.
Elw lxygbn
High lxygbn
Dbntrbeinb HCP Kcsb
Dbntrbeinb
phcsb kcsmbt wbcvb cnarbfncnt lo phcsb
Lxygbn dlntcfinctiln dcusbs cdiduecr fidrlstrudturb with rbtcinbakbtwbbn
thb dbees ln thb surocdb whbrbcs elw lxygbn dcusb fidrlstrudturb lo elw
tbfp dbee cna ecrgbgrcin klunacribs.www.strubrs.dlf
Bquicxba
Qcpcny Ralfphle
-
7/22/2019 Phase Transformation in Welding S Uranaree unversity
36/36
[bobrbndbs[bobrbndbs
Mlu, T., Wbeaing fbtceeurgy, ;na baitiln, ;::4, @lhn Wieeby cna
Tlns, Ind., RTC, ITKN :-173-14193-1.
Ou, G., Qicn, O., Wcng, H., Ttuaibs ln slotbning lo hbct-coobdtbazlnb lo puesba durrbnt GFC wbeaba Ce-Pn-Fg ceely, @lurnce lo
Fctbrices Zrldbssing Qbdhnlelgy, ;::?, _le.38:, p ;3?-33:.
www.mby-tl-fbtces.dlf, Wbeaing lo titcniuf ceelys.
Kcbsecdm III, W.C., Kbdmbr A.W., Orlbs, O.H.,Cavcndbs in titcniufwbeaing fbtceeurgy, @LF, Fcy 3981, _le.4?, Nl. 2. p 1?-28.
Acnibesln, Z., Wiesln, [., Cefcn, A., Fidrlstrudturb lo titcniuf
wbeas, Ttrubrs b-@lurnce lo Fctbricelgrcphy, _le. 4, ;::1.
Turcncrbb Rnivbrsity lo Qbdhnlelgy Tbp-Abd ;::7Qcpcny Ralfphle