Pharyngitis Tonsilitis

8/10/2019 Pharyngitis Tonsilitis

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Maribel MangalusBSN II


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The word comes from the Greek wordpharanxmeaning "throat" and the suffix -itismeaning "inflammation."

Pharyngitis is swelling or infection of thetissues and structures in your child's pharynx

(throat). It is also called sore throat.


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Viruses are the most common cause of sore throats,but some sore throats are caused by bacterialinfections.

Individuals who are frequently exposed to coldsand f lus, such as healthcare workers or children in daycare are the most likely to develop pharyngitis.Individuals who have allergies, experience frequent

sinus infections, or who have been exposed to second-hand smoke are also more likely to developpharyngitis.


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Viral Infection

Pharyngitis is most commonly caused by viralinfections such as the common cold, inf luenza,or mononucleosis. Viral infections do notrespond to antibiotics, and treatment is only

necessary to help relieve symptoms.A virussuch as the cold or flu virus causes viral

pharyngitis. Pharyngitis is common inadolescents who have an illness calledinfectious mononucleosis (mono). Mono iscaused by the Epstein-Barr virus.


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Bacterial Infection

Less commonly, pharyngitis is caused by abacterial infection. Bacterial infections dorequire antibiotics. The most common

bacterial infection of the throat is strep throat,which is caused by streptococcus A. Rarecauses of bacterial pharyngitis includegonorrhea, chlamydia, and corynebacterium.


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Bacteriacause bacterial pharyngitis. The most

common type of bacteria that causespharyngitis is group A streptococcus (strepthroat). Adolescents who are sexually active canget a sore throat from gonorrhea or other

sexually shared bacteria


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Pain during swallowing, or hoarseness Cough, runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery

eyes

A rash on his body Fever and headache

Whitish-yellow patches on the back of histhroat

Tender, swollen lumps on the sides of his neck

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pain


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Transmission is by droplet. Germs infiltrate theepithelial layer, then the epithelium is eroded,then the superficial lymphoid tissueinflammatory reaction occurs with thedamming of polymorphonuclear leukocyteinfiltration. In the early stages there ishyperemia and edema and increased

secretions. Serous exudate at first, but tends tobecome thickened and dry and can be attachedto the pharyngeal wall.


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By hyperemia, blood vessel walls of the

pharynx to the width. Blockage forms a yellow,white, or gray present in follicles or lymphoidtissue. It appears that the lymphoid folliclesand blotches on the posterior pharyngeal wall

or located more laterally to become inflamedand swollen causing inflammation of thethroat or pharyngitis.


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Assess the patient for pain every 2 to 4 hours,and give antitussives and pain medication.Make sure you dont overmedicate. Pain relief

allows for maximum chest expansion. Encourage the patient to take deep breaths and

to cough. To minimize pain, apply firm

pressure at the site of the pain while the patientcough (splinting).


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inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused byviral or bacterial infection.

Tonsils are the two lymph nodes located on each sideof the back of your throat. They function as a defensemechanism, helping to prevent infection fromentering the rest of your body. When the tonsils

themselves become infected, the condition is calledtonsillitis.


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Tonsillitis can occur at any age and is a

common childhood ailment. It is most oftendiagnosed in children from preschool agethrough their mid teens. Symptoms includea sore throat, swollen tonsils, and fever.

Tonsillitis is easily diagnosed and treated.Symptoms usually fully resolve within seven to

10 days.


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Tonsils are your first line of defense againstillness and they produce white blood cells tohelp your body fight infection. The tonsils

combat bacteria and viruses that enter yourbody through the mouth, but are vulnerable toinfection from these invaders themselves.


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Tonsillitis can be caused by a virus, such as

the common cold, or by a bacterial infection,such as strep throat.

Children come into close contact with others atschool and play, exposing them to a variety ofviruses and bacteria. This makes themparticularly vulnerable to the germs that cause

tonsillitis.


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Tonsillitis most commonly affects childrenbetween preschool ages and the mid-teenageyears. Common signs and symptoms of

tonsillitis include: Red, swollen tonsils

White or yellow coating or patches on the

tonsils Sore throat

Difficult or painful swallowing

Fever


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Enlarged, tender glands (lymph nodes) in theneck

A scratchy, muffled or throaty voice Bad breath

Stomachache, particularly in younger children

Stiff neck Headache

In young children who are unable to describehow they feel, signs of tonsillitis may include:

Drooling due to difficult or painful swallowing

Refusal to eat

Unusual fussiness


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TONSILITIS

CAUSESThe tonsils are lymphnodes in the back ofthe mouth and top ofthe throat. They

normally help filterout bacteria and othermicroorganisms toprevent infection inthe body. Theybecome so

overwhelmed bybacterial of viralinfection that swelland became inflamed,causing tonsillitis.

BACTERIA/ VIRAL


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BACTERIA / VIRAL

-A Beta hemolyticstreptoccoci- Nesseriagonorrhoeae- H influenza

-Mycoplasma

-Adenovirus- Influenza virus- Epstein- Barr

Virus- Herpes simplex

SYMPTOMS

Difficulty

swallowingEar painFever, chillsHeadacheSore throat lastslonger than 48hours and may besevereTenderness of the

jawVoice changes, loss

of voice


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SYMPTOMS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATIONS

Pharyngitis bacterialPharyngitis viralDehydration fromdifficulty swallowing fluidsBlocked airway fromenlarged tonsilsPerotonsillar abscess or

abscess in other parts ofthe throatRheumatic fever andsubsequent cardiovasculardisorders

Kidney failure


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Clear the airway patent (keep the head positionin a state parallel to the spine / as indicated).

Perform suction if necessary.

Assess the function of the respiratory system.Assess the patient's ability to perform cough /

discharging effort.


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Pharyngitis Tonsilitis

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