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Transcript of PHARMACOLOGY TERMS SYSTEMIC—AFFECTS THE ENTIRE BODY LOCAL—AFFECTS A SMALL AREA...
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PHARMACOLOGY
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TERMS
• SYSTEMIC—AFFECTS THE ENTIRE BODY• LOCAL—AFFECTS A SMALL AREA• PARENTERAL-MEDICATION GIVEN WITH A
NEEDLE• SUBLINGUAL—UNDER THE TONGUE• WHEAL—WHELP—RAISED RED AREA• ANTIGONISTIC—ONE DRUG INTERFERS
WITH OR COUNTERACTS ANOTHER
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TERMS CONTINUED
• POTENTIATE—SOMETHING THAT INCREASES THE EFFECTS OF A DRUG
• PDR—PHYSICIAN’S DESK REFERENCE---LISTS MEDICATIONS, USES, SIDE EFFECTS ETC
• USP-UNITED STATES PHARMACAPEA—LIST ALL DRUGS APPROVED BY FDA
• TOPICAL—MEDICATIONS APPLIED TO SKIN
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TERMS CONTINUED
• LETHAL DOSE—DOSAGE WHICH WILL CAUSE DEATH
• MINIMAL DOSAGE—SMALLEST DOSAGE WHICH WILL GIVE DESIRED EFFECTS
• MIXIMAL DOSAGE—HIGHEST DOSAGE WHICH CAN BE GIVEN SAFELY
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FIVE RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
• RIGHT PATIENT• RIGHT TIME• RIGHT DOSAGE• RIGHT DRUG• RIGHT ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• A SIXTH HAS BEEN ADDED• RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
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GENERIC VS BRAND
• GENERIC IS USUALLY THE CHEMICAL MAKE UP OF THE DRUG
• ASPIRIN—ACETAMETAPHEN-IBPROPHEN
• BRAND IS THE NAME GIVEN TO A DRUG BY THE COMPANY—HAS AN R WITH CIRCLE IN IT –BAYER, TYLENOL, ADVIL
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TYPES OF ORAL MEDS
• PILLS-COATED POWDERS
• TABLETS –COMPRESSED POWDERS
• CAPSULES—GELATIN FILLED WITH MEDICATION
• SYRUPS—SUGAR BASED MEDS
• POWDERS—USUALLY DISOLVED IN LIQUID
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THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN ORDERING MEDS
• AGE
• DIAGNOSIS
• CONDITION
• WEIGHT
• POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS
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THREE SYSTEMS OF MEDS
• APOTHOCARY—GRAIN, DRAM, MINIUM
• HOUSEHOLD—OUNCE, TEASPOON, TABLESPOON, PINT, QUART
• METRIC—METER , LITER, GRAM
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LAWS
• HARRISON NARCOTIC ACT 1914—LIMITS DISTRIBUTION OF ADDICTIVE DRUGS
• FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT—DETERMINES SAFETY OF DRUGS BEFORE MARKETING, LABELING OF FOOD AND DRUGS
• DURHAM-HUMPHREY AMENDMENT 1952—LIMITS NUMBER OF REFILLS
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DRUG APPROVAL
• DEVELOPMENT IN LABORATORY
• ANIMAL TESTING
• SUBMIT TO FDA FOR APPROVAL FOR HUMAN TESTING
• HUMAN TESTING—5 OR MORE YEARS—DOUBLE BLIND STUDIES
• APPROVAL FOR MARKETING
• FROM BEGINNING TO END 10-15 YEARS
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DRUG INFORMATION
• PDR
• USP
• PACKAGE INSERTS
• ADVERTISING
• INTERNET
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DRUG SOURCES
• PLANT
• ANIMAL
• CHEMICAL
• MINERAL
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ADMINISTRATION
ORAL POSTIVE—EASY TO TAKE , PAINLESS, NEGATIVE—SLOW TO ABSORB, SOME
HAVE TROUBLE SWALLOWING
SUBLINGUAL
EASY TO TAKE
NOT MANY MEDS CAN BE GIVEN THIS WAY
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ROUTES
SUBCUTANEOUS—UNDER SKIN
TAKES EFFECT QUICKLY
PAINFUL
INTRAMUSCULAR—IN MUSCLE
INTRAVENOUS—IN VEIN
TOPICAL –TO SKIN—PAINLESS—SLOW ACTING
RECTAL—IN RECTUM—SLOW TO ABSORB
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SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS
• SIDE EFFECTS—USUALLY MILD BUT ANNOYING RESPONSES TO DRUGS
• ADVERSE REACTIONS—MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS OR PROBLEMS THAT CAN DEVELOP BECAUSE OF A DRUG
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ROLE OF NURSE
• ENSURE 5 RIGHTS
• KNOW ACTIONS, SIDE EFFECTS, AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
• OBSERVE FOR COMPLICATIONS AND ALLERGIES
• TEACH PATIENT ABOUT MEDS
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DEFINE
• BID—2 TIMES A DAY• TID—3 TIMES A DAY• QID—4 TIMES A DAY• PC—AFTER MEALS• AD LIB—AS DESIRED• PRN –AS NEEDED• C—WITH• CC-CUBIC CENT.• DC—DISCONTINUE• GR-GRAIN• GTT—DROP• NOCT -AT NIGHT• IV -INTRAVENOUS
• NPO-NOTHING BY MOUTH
• ML-MILLILITER• OD –RIGHT EYE• OS-LEFT EYE• OU—RIGHT EYE• R—RECTAL• RX—PRESCRIPTION• S—WITHOUT• SOS-ONE DOSE IF NEEDED
• FE—IRON• KCL-POTASSIUM CLORIDE
• NA-SODIUM• HS –HOUR OF SLEEP• IM -INTRAMUSCULAR
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MEDICATIONS
• ANTIBIOTIC—FIGHTS BACTERIAL INFECTION—PENICILLIN
• ANTINEOPLASTIC—CANCER DRUGS—TAXOL
• HORMONES—REPLACE DEFICIENCIES—ESTROGEN—BIRTH CONTROL PILLS
• STIMULANTS—SPEED UP BODY PROCESSES --CAFFIENE
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MEDS
• DEPRESSANTS—SLOW BODY PROCESSES—PHENOBARBITAL
• ANALGESICS—RELIVE PAIN—NARCOTICS(MORPHINE, DEMEROL) , NON NARCOTIC –ASPIRIN, MOTRIN
• ANESTHETIC—STOPS SENSITATION—NOVICAINE
• ANTICONVULSANT—STOPS SEIZURES—DILANTIN, TEGRETOL
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MEDS
• TRANZUILIZERS—RELIEVE NERVOUS TENSION—VALIUM
• ANTIDEPRESSANTS—RELIEVE DEPRESSION—TAKE 2-3 WEEKS TO WORK—ZOLOFT, PROZAC
• VASODILATORS—MAKE BLOOD VESSELS LARGER—NITREGLYCERIN
• ANTIHYPERTENSIVE—LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE—ALTACE, DIURIL, LOPRESSOR
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MEDS
• COAGULANTS—CLOT BLOOD—VITAMIN K• ANTICOAGULANTS—SLOW BLOOD
CLOTTING—COUMADIN• ANTITUSSIVE—STOP COUGHING—
CODIENE—VICKS FORMULA 44• EXPECTORANTS—LIQUIFY SECRETIONS
SO THEY CAN BE COUGHED UP --ROBITUSSIN
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MEDS
• ANTACIDS—RELIEVE STOMACH ACID—ROLAIDS, MAALOX
• ANTIEMETIC—PREVENTS VOMITING-PHENERGAN, VISTIRAL
• EMETICS—CAUSE VOMITING-IPECAC• CARTHARTICS—CAUSE BOWEL
MOVEMENT—X-LAX, DUCOLAX• DIURETIC—GET RID OF BODY FLUIDS--
LASIX
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DANGERS OF ANTIBIOTICS
• RESISTANCE OF ORGANISMS TO THE ANTIBIOTICS
• ALLERGIC REACTIONS
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DEPRESSANT DRUGS
• BED RAILS UP
• BED IN LOW POSITION
• CALL LIGHT IN PLACE
• NO SMOKING
• CHECK RESPIRATIONS
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COUNTING NARCOTICS
• UNDER DOUBLE LOCK• NURSE COMING ON DUTY AND NURSE
GOING OFF DUTY MUST COUNT AT END OF EACH SHIFT
• WHEN REMOVED FROM DRAWER MUST SIGN OUT –DATE, TIME , AMOUNT , PATIENT, DR. –IF ALL NOT USED MUST DESTROY WITH TWO WITNESSES
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SIDE EFFECTS OF IRON
• BLACK BOWEL MOVEMENTS
• IRRITATES STOMACH—TAKE WITH FOOD
• LIQUID DISCOLORS TEETH
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ANTICOAGULANTS
• OBSERVE FOR SIGNS OF BLEEDING
BRUISING
BLOOD IN URINE OR BM
BLOOD WHICH BRUSHING TEETH
USE ELECTRIC RAZOR FOR SHAVING
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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
• SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION
• THROAT SWELLS—INTERFERS WITH BREATHING
• DEATH WILL OCCUR IF NOT TREATED
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THE END