SHAH ABDUL LATIF UNIVERSITY KHAIRPUR

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACYPRESENTATION TOPIC

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS AND DESCRIBE TABLET

PRESENTED TOSIR SHAHZAD MUGHAL

PRESENTED BYZAFAR ALI ABRO (2ND PROFESSIONAL PHARM-D)

INTRODUTION TO THE PHARMACEUTICS

INTRODUCTION:- It is the study of all the aspects from discovery, synthesis, isolation, purification, pharmacological effects and minimum toxic effects.OR: Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design.

DOSE:- Appropriate quantity of medicine prescribed to be taken at one time.

DOSAGE FORM:- Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, Tablet).

TABLETTablet may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medicament or medicaments with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by molding or by compression.

E.g: Panadol, Ponistan, Calpol, Clarithromycin, Erythrocin and Polymalt etc…

ADVANTAGES OF TABLET:1. Tablets are easy to carry.2. They are easy to swallow.3. They are attractive in appearance.4. Unpleasant taste can be masked by sugar coating.5. They do not require any measurement of dose.6. An accurate amount of medicament even if very small

can be incorporated.7. Tablets provide prolonged stability to medicament.

8. The incompatibilities of medicaments and their deterioration due to environmental factors are less in tablet forms.9. The cost of production is economical.

DISADVANTAGES OF TABLET:1. It is not suitable for the patients who are

unconscious.2. It is not suitable for the patients who have

continuous vomiting.3. Sometime bioavailability of the tablet is changed

due to the presence of food or Peristaltic movement.

Characteristics of Tablet1. They are accurate and uniform in weight.2. The drugs are uniformly distributed throughout the

tablet.3. Size and shape is reasonable for easy administration.4. The tablets are not so hard as they do not disintegrate

in stomach.5. The good quality tablets are not compatible with

body. 6. Tablets are stable during Physical and chemical

storage.

7. Tablets are unbreakable during transportation.8. Tablets are attractive in appearance.9. Tablets are easy and economical in production.

Compressed Tablets (Commonly used)Plain Tablets:- These are simple tablets they contain active and excipients made by direct compression method.E.g: Panadol

Chewable Tablets:- Tablets which are disintegrated in mouth between teeth before ingestion. Usually designed for children.E.g: Multi-vitamin tablets.

Buccal tablets:- These tablets are put in the cheek, So the drug is slowly released.E.g: Fentora

FENTORA is a prescription medicine that contains the medicine fentanyl. FENTORA is used to manage breakthrough pain in adults with cancer who are already routinely taking other opioid pain medicines around-the-clock for cancer pain. It is not known if FENTORA is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.

Sublingual tablets:- Tablets which are keep below tongue, so that it is released slowly but rapid action and avoid first pass effect.E.g: Melatonin

Lozenges Tablets:- These tablets are slowly released in mouth to provide the local effect on mucous membrane of throat.E.g: Strepsils, linkus

Soluble Tablets:- This type of tablets already dissolved in liquid to form solution of definite concentration.E.g: Gargles, mouth washes and certain antibiotics.Disprin is a best example

Implants tablets:- These tablets are inserted in skin by small cuts those can be stitched off, Providing longer period of time for release of drug. These tablets are mostly used for the birth control.E.g: Npoaetokcoh

Vaginal tablets:- These are almond or ovoid shape. These are inserted by plastic tube inserters in vagina. Mostly steroid hormones and antibiotics are administered through this form.E.g: Nystatin

Effervescent tablets:- Thes tablets contain citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium-bi-carbonate along with active ingredients. They react with water and release carbon-di-oxide and advised to take during effervescence in order to make bitter taste of drug.E.g: Aspirin-C

Enteric Coated Tablets:- These tablets are not disintegrate in the stomach but they disintegrate in alkaline medium of intestine.E.g: Aspirin

Sugar coated Tablets:- They prepared to mask the disagreeable taste and odor of drug and protect from atmospheric conditions.E.g: Diclofenac

Sustained action Tablets:- These tablets after oral administration release the drug at a desired time and prolong the effect of medicament.E.g: Rachic-SR

Fast Disintegrating Tablets:- Tablets which are rapidly disintegrated.E.g: Imodium

Multi-layer tablets:- Tablets contain many layers each layer contains separate drug.E.g:

Film Coated tablets:- These are compressed tablets which are given a thin coating of water soluble materials which protect the drug substance from atmospheric conditions.E.g:

Molded Tablets (Rarely used)Hypodermic Tablets:- These are soft tablets firstly they dissolved in water then solution is injected.E.g:

Dispensing Tablets:- These are used to incorporate the potent drug in very low quantity. They are prepared extemporauosly.E.g:

Thank you