Morphine: side-effects MORPHINE:

Myosis

Out of it (sedation)

Respiratory depression

Pneumonia (aspiration)

Hypotension

Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)

Nausea

Emesis

Tricyclic antidepressants: members worth knowing

"I have to hide, the CIA is after me":

Clomipramine Imipramine Amitrptyline

• If want the next 3 worth knowing, the DNDis also after me:

Desipramine Norrtriptyline Doxepin

Patent ductus arteriosus: treatment

"Come In and Close the door": INdomethacin is used to Close PDA

SIADH-inducing drugs ABCD:

Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs

Barbiturates

Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine

Diuretic (thiazide)

Vir-named drugs: use"-vir at start, middle or end means for virus": • Drugs:

Abacavir,

Acyclovir,

Amprenavir,

Cidofovir,

Denavir,

Efavirenz,

Indavir,

Invirase,

Famvir,

Ganciclovir,

Norvir,

Oseltamivir,

Penciclovir,

Ritonavir,

Saquinavir,

Valacyclovir,

Viracept,

Viramune,

Zanamivir,

Zovirax.

Phenobarbitone: side effects

Children are annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression).

Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).

Thrombolytic agents USA:

Urokinase Streptokinase Alteplase (tPA)

Narcotic antagonists

The Narcotic Antagonists are NAloxone and NAltrexone. • Important clinically to treat narcotic overdose.

Routes of entry: most rapid ways meds/toxins enter body

"Stick it, Sniff it, Suck it, Soak it":

Stick = Injection

Sniff = inhalation

Suck = ingestion

Soak = absorption

Anticholinergic side effects

"Know the ABCD'S of anticholinergic side effects":

Anorexia

Blurry vision

Constipation/ Confusion

Dry Mouth

Sedation/ Stasis of urine

Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia

"A goes with B": Atropine used clinically to treat Bradycardia.

Aspirin: side effects ASPIRIN:

Asthma

Salicyalism

Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA

Intestinal blood loss

Reye's syndrome

Idiosyncracy

Noise (tinnitus)

Morphine: effects at mu receptor PEAR:

Physical dependence

Euphoria

Analgesia

Respiratory depression

Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor location "You have 1 heart and 2 lungs":

Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart. Beta-2 primarily on lungs.

SSRIs: side effects SSRI:

Serotonin syndrome

Stimulate CNS

Reproductive disfunctions in male

Insomnia

Warfarin: action, monitoring WePT:

Warfarin works on the extrinsic pathway and is monitored by PT.

Propranolol and related '-olol' drugs: usage"olol" is just two backwards lower case b's. Backward b's stand for "beta blocker". • Beta blockers include acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, oxprenolol, propranolol.

Depression: 5 drugs causing it PROMS:

Propranolol

Reserpine

Oral contraceptives

Methyldopa

Steroids

Lead poisoning: presentation ABCDEFG:

Anemia

Basophilic stripping

Colicky pain

Diarrhea

Encephalopathy

Foot drop

Gum (lead line)

Cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects

If you know these, you will be "LESS DUMB":

Lacrimation

Excitation of nicotinic synapses

Salivation

Sweating

Diarrhea

Urination

Micturition

Bronchoconstriction

Benzodiazepines: actions

"Ben SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":

Sedation

anti-Convulsant

anti-Anxiety

Muscle relaxant

Not by brain: No antipsychotic activity.

Teratogenic drugs "W/ TERATOgenic":

Warfarin

Thalidomide

Epileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Retinoid

ACE inhibitor

Third element: lithium

OCP and other hormones (eg danazol)

Gynaecomastia-causing drugs DISCOS:

Digoxin

Isoniazid

Spironolactone

Cimetidine

Oestrogens

Stilboestrol

Osmotic diuretics: members GUM:

Glycerol

Urea

Mannitol

Antibiotics contraindicated during pregnancy MCAT:

Metronidazole

Chloramphenicol

Aminoglycoside

Tetracycline

Lithium: side effects LITH:

Leukocytosis

Insipidus [diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuria]

Tremor/ Teratogenesis

Hypothyroidism

Steps in the Nursing Process

ADPIE (A Delicious PIE)

A-ssessment

D- iagnosis

P-lanning

I-mplementation

E-valuaton

Inflammation (HIPER)

H-eat

I-nduration

P-ain

E-dema

R-edness

Acid-Base (ROME)

R-espiratory

O-pposite

M-etabolic

E-qual

CANCER'S Early Warning Signs

CAUTION UP

C-hange in bowel or bladder

A- lesion that does not heal

U-nusual bleeding or discharge

T-hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

I-ndigestion or difficulty swallowing

O-bvious changes in wart or mole

N-agging cough or persisten hoarseness

U-nexplained weight loss

P-ernicious Anemia

CANCER Interventions

C-omfort

A-ltered Body Image

N-utrition

C-hemotherapy

E-valuate response to meds

R-espite for caretakers

Hypoglycemia (TIRED)

- an abnormal decrease of blood in the sugar

T-achycardia

I-rritability

R-estless

E-xcessive Hunger

D-iaphoresis/ Depression

Adrenal Gland Hormones (SSS)

S-ugar (Glucocorticoids)

S-alt (Mineralcorticoids)

S-ex (Androgens)

Pulmonary Edema (MAD DOG)

M-Morphine

A-Aminophylline

D- Digitalis

D-Diuretics (Lasix)

O- Oxygen

G- ases (Blood Gases ABG's)

5 P's of Circulatory Checks

P-Pain

P-Paresthesia

P-Paralysis

P-Pulse

P-Pallor (Paleness)

Hypertension Nursing Care (DIURETIC)

D-aily Weight

I- ntake and Output (I & O)

U- rine Output

R-esponse of BP

E-lectrolytes

T-ake Pulses

I-schemic Episodes (TIA)

C-omplications: 4C's

4 C's of Hypertension (Complications)

C- Coronary Artery Disease

C- Coronary Rheumatic Fever

C- Congestive Heart Failure

C- Cardio Vascular Accident

Complications of Trauma Client (TRAUMATIC)

T-issue Perfusion Problems

R-espiratory Problems

A-nxiety

U-nstable Clotting Factors

M-alnutrition

A-ltered Body Image

T-hromboembolism

I-nfection

C-oping Problems

Cyanotic Defects: 4 T's

T- Tetralogy of Fallot

T- Truncus Arteriosus

T- Transportation of the Great Vessels

T- Tricuspid Atresia

Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 01

O-Lympic (Olfactory)

O-Pium (Optic)

O-Ccupies (Oculomotor)

T-ROubled (Trochlear)

T-RIathletes (Trigeminal)

A-fter (Abducens)

F-inishing (Facial)

V-Egas (Vestibulocochlear)

G-ambling (Glossopharyngeal)

V-Acations (Vagus)

S-till (Spinal Accessory)

H-igh (Hypoglossal)

Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 02

O- Oh

O- Oh

O- Oh

T- To

T- Touch

A- And

F - Feel

A

G - irl's

V - agina

S - So

H- Heavenly

Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 03

O- On

O -Old

O- Obando

T- Tower

T- Top

A-

F- Filipino

A - Army

G - Guards

V - Villages

A - And

H - Huts

Cranial Nerve Mnemonics

(Sensory, Motor or Both)

S - Some

S - Says

M- Marilyn

M- Monroe

B - But

M- My

B- Brother

S- Says

B- Bridget

B - Bardot

M- Mmm

M- Mmm

Cranial Nerve Mnemonics 02

(Sensory, Motor or Both)

S- Some

S- Say

M - Marry

M- Money

B- But

M- My

B - Brother

S- Says

B- Bad

B- Business

M - Marry

M - Money

Nursing Care for Sprains and Strains (RICE)

R- Rest

I - Ice

C - Compression

E- Elevation

Care of Client in Traction (TRACTION)

T- Temperature (Extremity, Infection)

R - Ropes hang freely

A - Alignment

C - Circulation Check (5 P's)

T- Type & Location of fracture

I - Increase fluide intake

O - Overhead trapeze

N - No weights on bed or floor

OB Non-Stress Test (NNN)

3 negatives in a row to interpret results of Non-Stress Test

N - Non-reactive

N - Non- Stress is

N - Not good

Severe Pre-Eclampsia (HELLP)

H- emolysis

E- levated

L- iver function tests

L- ow

P- latelet count

Assessment Tests for Fetal Well-Being (ALONE)

A- Amniocentesis

L- L/S Ratio

O - Oxytocin Test

N - Non-Stress Test

E - Estriol Level

Evalution of Episiotomy Healing (REEDA)

R- Redness

E- Edema

E - Ecchymosis

D - Discharge, Drainage

A - Approximation

Post-Partum Assessment (BUBBLE)

B-reasts

U-terus

B-owels

B-ladder

L-ochia

E-pisiotomy/lateration/C-section incision

Tracheal Esophageal Fistula (3 C's)

C- Choking

C- Coughing

C - Cyanosis

Cleft Lip - Post Op Care (CLEFT LIP)

C-hoking

L-ie on back

E-valuate Airway

F-eed Slowly

T-eaching

L-arger nipple opening

I-ncidence incerase in males

P-revent crust formation and aspiration

ADLs (Activity of Daily Living)

BATTED

B-athing

A-mbulation

T-oileting

T-ransfers

E-ating

D-ressing

IADLS (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) SCUM

S-hopping

C-ooking and Cleaning

U-sing telephone or transportaiton

M-anaging money and medications

Bleeding Precautions (RANDI)

R- Razor Electric/ Blades

A- Aspirin

N- No needles (esp. in small gauge)

D- Do decrease in needle sticks)

I - Injury (Protect from)

Canes and Walkers (COAL)

C- Cane

O- Opposite

A- Affected

L- Leg

Canes and Walkers (WWAL)

Wandering Wilma's Always Late

W- Walker

W- With

A- Affected

L - Leg

Common Causes of Transient Incontinence (DIAPPERS)

D-elirium

I-nfection

A-trophic Urethra

P-harmaceuticals

P-sychologic

E-xcess Urine Output

R-estricted Mobility

S-tool Impaction

Promotion of Normal Elimination (POOPER SCOOP)

P-osition

O-utput

O-ffer Fluids

P-rivacy

E-xercise

R-eport Results

S-ize (Amount)

C-onsistency

O-ccult Blood

O-dor

P-eristalsis

Emergency Trauma Assessment

(ABCDEFGHI)

A-irway

B-reathing

C-irculation

D-isability

E-xamine

F-ahrenheit

G-et Vitals

H-ead to Toe Assessment

I-ntervention

Trauma Surgery (AMPLE)

after initial assessment

A-llergies

M-edications

P-ast Medical History

L-ast Meal

E-vents Surrounding Injury

6 P's of Dyspnea

P- Pulmonary Bronchial Constriction

P- Possible Foreign Body

P- Pulmonary Embolus

P- Pneumothorax

P- Pump Failure

P- Pneumonia

Lidocaine Toxicity (SAMS)

S-lurred Speech

A-ltered Central Nervous System

M-uscle Twitching

S-eizures

TDCI (These Drugs Can Interact)

T - Theophyline

D - Dilantin

C - Coumadin

I - losone (Erythromycin)

Serious Complications of Oral Birth Control Pills (ACHES)

A- Abdominal Pain

C - Chest Pain

H - Headache

E - Eye Problems

S - Severe Leg Pain

Emergency Drugs to LEAN on

L- Lidocaine

E - Epinephrine

A- Atropine Sulfate

N - Narcan

Drugs for Bradycardia & low BP (IDEA)

I - Isoproterenol

D - Dopamine

E - Epinephrine

A - Atropine Sulfate

Cholinergic Crisis (SLUD)

S-alivation

L-acrimation

U-rination

D-efecation

Depression Assessment (SIG)

S-leep Disturbances

I-nterest Decreased

G-uilty Feelings

Energy Decreased (CAPS)

C-oncentration decreased

A-ppetite

P-sychomotor function decreased

S-uicidal Ideations

5 A's to Alzheimer Diagnosis

A-mnesia

A-nomia

A-praxia

A-gnosia

A-phasia

Major Symptoms of a Manic Attack (DIG FAST)

D- Distractibility

I - Indiscretion

G - Grandiosity

F- Flight of Ideas

A- Activity Increase

S- Sleep Deficit

T - Talkative

3 P's of Blindness

P- Preventable

P- Painless

P- Permanent

Symptoms of Leukemia (ANT)

A- Anemia

N- Neutropenia

T- Thrombocytopenia

Exercise Guide for Diabetic Fitness (FIT)

F - Frequency (3x per week)

I - Intensity (60-80% of Maximal Heart Rate)

T- Time (Aerobic Activity)

Symptoms of Hypoxia (RAT BED)

Early Hypoxia:

R-estlessness

A-nxiety

T-achycardia/ Tachypnea

Late Hypoxia:

B-radycardia

E-xtreme Restlessness

D-yspnea

Symptoms of Hypoxia (in Pediatrics) - FINES

F-eeding difficulty

I-nspiratory Stridor

N-ares Flares

E-xpiratory Grunting

S-ternal Retractions

Management of ASTHMA

A-drenergics (Albuterol)

S-teroids

T-heophylline

H-ydration (IV)

M-ask (Oxygen)

A-ntibiotics

Epiglottitis (AIR RAID)

A-irway Closed

I-ncreased Pulse

R-estlessness

R-etractions

A-nxiety Increased

I-nspiratory Stridor

D-rooling

Blood Flow Through the Cardiac Valves (Tissue Paper My Assets)

T-ricuspid

P-ulmonic

M-itrial

A-ortic

Immediate Treatment of a Myocardial Infarction Client (MONA)

M- Morphine

O- Oxygen

N- Nitroglycerine

A- ASA

Treating CHF (UNLOAD FAST)

U-pright Position

N-itrates (in low dose)

L-asix

O-xygen

A-minophylline

D-igoxin

F-luids (decrease)

A-fterload (decrease)

S-odium restriction

T-est (Dig level, ABGs, K level)

DEMENTIA

Make sure they don't have problems with:

D-rug and alcohol

E-yes and ears

M-etabolic and endocrine disorders

E-motional disorders

N-eurologic disorders

T-umors and trauma

I-nfection

A-rteriovascular disease

Osteoporosis Risk Factors (ACCESS)

A-lcohol Use

C-orticosteroid Use

C-alcium low

E-strogen low

S-moking

S-edentary lifestyle/s

Who needs dialysis? (Check the vowels: AEIOU)

A- Acid-Base Problems

E- Electrolyte Problems

I- Intoxications

O- Overload of fluids

U - Uremic Symptoms

Prostate Problems are no... FUN

F- Frequency

U- Urgency

N- Nocturia

BRAT Diet (for severe dehydration)

B- Banana

R- Rice

A- Apple

T- Toasted Bread

Gluten Free Diet (ROW)

R- Rye

O- Oats

W- Wheat

Assess Changes in Senile Dementia (JAMCO)

J- Judgment

A- Affect

M- Memory

C- Cognition

O- Orientation

3 P's of Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1 Signs & Symptoms

P- Polyuria (excessive urination)

P- Polydypsia (excessive thirst)

P- Polyphagia (excessive hunger)

Right-Sided Heart Failure (HEAD)

H- Hepatomegaly

E- Edema (Bipedal)

A- Ascites

D- Distended Neck Vein

Left-Sided Heart Failure (CHOP)

C- Cough

H- Hemoptysis

O- Orthopnea

P- Pulmonary Congestion (crackles/ rales)

Hyperkalemia Management (KIND)

K- Kayexalate (orally/ enema)

I- Insulin

N- Na HCO3

D- Diuretics (Furosemide & Thiazides)

Management of Myocardial Infarction (MONATAS)

M- Morphine

O- Oxygen

N- Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)

A- Aspirin (ASA)

T- Thormbolytics

A- Anti-Coagulants

S- Stool Softeners

Electrolytes - PISO

P- Potassium

I- Inside

S- Sodium

O- Outside

Eating Disorder: ANOREXIA

A-menorrhea delayed

N-o organic factors accounts for weight loss

O-bviously thin but feels FAT

R-efusal to maintain normal body weight

E-pigastric discomfort is common

X-symptoms (peculiar symptoms)

I-ntense fears of gaining weight

A-lways thinking of foods

Eating Disorder: BULIMIA

B-inge eating

U-nder strict dieting

L-acks control over-eating

I-nduced vomiting

M-inimum of to binge eating episodes

I-ncrease/Persistent concern of body size/shape

A-buse of diuretics & laxatives

Findings of a Bulimia client: WASHED

W-eight loss of 15% of original body weight

A-menorrhea

S-ocial withdrawal

H-istory of high activity & achievement

E-lectrolyte Imbalance

D-epression/ Distorted Body Image

Outcome of Alcoholism: BAD

B- Brain Damage

A- Alcoholic Hallucinosis

D- Death

5 D's of Behavioral Problems of Alcoholism

D- Denial

D- Dependency

D- Demanding

D- Destructive

D- Domineering

Situations requiring Crisis Situation: RAPE

R- Ruthless

A- Abusive

P- Personal

E- Experience

Warning Signs of a Child Abuse/ Neglect: CHILD ABUSE

C-hild's excessive knowledge on sex & abusive words

H-air growth in various lengths

I-nconsistent stories from the child & parent/s

L-ow self-esteem

D-epression

A-pathy, no emotion

B-ruised

U-nusual injuries

S-erious injuries

E-vidence of old injuries not reported

Pulmonary infiltrations inducing drugs "Go BAN Me!":

Gold

Bleomycin/ Busulphan/ BCNU

Amiodarone/ Acyclovir/ Azathioprine

Nitrofurantoin

Melphalan/ Methotrexate/ Methysergide

MPTP: mechanism, effect MPTP:

Mitochondrial Parkinson's-Type Poison.

· A mitochondrial poison that elicits a Parkinson's-type effect.

Antimuscarinics: members, action

"Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat":

Ipratropium Pirenzepine Atropine Scopolamine

· Muscarinic receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.

Teratogenic drugs: major non-antibiotics TAP CAP:

Thalidomide Androgens Progestins Corticosteroids Aspirin & indomethacin Phenytoin

Steroid side effects CUSHINGOID:

Cataracts

Ulcers

Skin: striae, thinning, bruising

Hypertension/ Hirsutism/ Hyperglycemia

Infections

Necrosis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Glycosuria

Osteoporosis, obesity

Immunosuppression

Diabetes

Beta blockers with CYP2D6 polymorphic metabolism

"I Met Tim Carver, the metabolic polymorph":

· The following beta blockers require dose adjustment due to CYP2D6 polymorphic metabolism:

Metoprolol Timolol Carvedilol (in patients with lower or higher than normal CYP2D6 activity)

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

Picture diabetic and asthmatic kids riding away on a cart that rolls on pinwheels. Pindolol and Carteolol have high and moderate ISA respectively, making them acceptable for use in some diabetics or asthmatics despite the fact that they are non-seletive beta blockers.

Muscarinic effects SLUG BAM:

Salivation/ Secretions/ Sweating

Lacrimation

Urination

Gastrointestinal upset

Bradycardia/ Bronchoconstriction/ Bowel movement

Abdominal cramps/ Anorexia

Miosis

· Sulfonamide side effects:

Steven-Johnson syndrome

Skin rash

Solubility low (causes crystalluria)

Serum albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of other serum albumin-binders like warfarin)

Epilepsy types, drugs of choice:

"Military General Attacked Weary Fighters Pronouncing 'Veni Vedi Veci' After Crushing Enemies":

· Epilepsy types: Myoclonic Grand mal Atonic West syndrome Focal Petit mal (absence)

· Respective drugs: Valproate Valproate Valproate ACTH Carbamazepine Ethosuximide

Quinolones [and Fluoroquinolones]: mechanism

"Topple the Queen": Quinolone interferes with Topoisomerase II.

Beta blockers:

B1 selective vs. B1-B2 non-selective

A through N: B1 selective: Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.

O through Z: B1, B2 non-selective: Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.

Ribavirin: indications RIBAvirin:

RSV

Influenza B

Arenaviruses (Lassa, Bolivian, etc.)

Hypertension: treatment ABCD:

ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists also) Beta blockersCalcium antagonistsDiuretics

Narcotics: side effects "SCRAM if you see a drug dealer": Synergistic CNS depression with other drugs

Constipation

Respiratory depression

Addiction

Miosis

Sex hormone drugs: male "Feminine Males Need Testosterone":

Fluoxymesterone

Methyltestosterone

Nandrolone

Testosterone

Ca++ channel blockers: uses CA++ MASH:

Cerebral vasospasm/ CHF

Angina

Migranes

Atrial flutter, fibrillation

Supraventricular tachycardia

Hypertension

· Alternatively: "CHASM":

Cererbral vasospasm / CHF

Hypertension

Angina

Suprventricular tachyarrhythmia

Migranes

Disulfiram-like reaction inducing drugs "PM PMT" as in Pre Medical Test in the PM:

Procarbazine

Metronidazole

Cefo (Perazone, Mandole, Tetan).

Delerium-causing drugs ACUTE CHANGE IN MS:

Antibiotics (biaxin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin)

Cardiac drugs (digoxin, lidocaine)

Urinary incontinence drugs (anticholinergics)

Theophylline

Ethanol

Corticosteroids

H2 blockers

Antiparkinsonian drugs

Narcotics (esp. mepridine)

Geriatric psychiatric drugs

ENT drugs

Insomnia drugs

NSAIDs (eg indomethacin, naproxin)

Muscle relaxants

Seizure medicines

Therapeutic dosage: toxicity values for most commonly monitored medications

"The magic 2s":

Digitalis (.5-1.5) Toxicity = 2.

Lithium (.6-1.2) Toxicity = 2.

Theophylline (10-20) Toxicity = 20.

Dilantin (10-20) Toxicity = 20.

APAP (1-30) Toxicity = 200.

Diuretics:

thiazides: indications "CHIC to use thiazides":

CHF

Hypertension

Insipidous

Calcium calculi

Migraine: prophylaxis drugs

"Very Volatile Pharmacotherapeutic Agents For Migraine Prophylaxis":

Verpamil

Valproic acid

Pizotifen

Amitriptyline

Flunarizine

Methysergide

Propranolol

Adrenoceptors: vasomotor function of alpha vs. beta

ABCD:

Alpha = Constrict.

Beta = Dilate.

Antiarrhythmics: classification

I to IV MBA College

· In order of class I to IV:

Membrane stabilizers (class I)

Beta blockers

Action potential widening agents

Calcium channel blockers

Opiods: mu receptor effects "MD CARES":

Miosis

Dependency

Constipation

Analgesics

Respiratory depression

Euphoria

Sedation

Cancer drugs: time of action between DNA->mRNA ABCDEF: Alkylating agents

Bleomycin

Cisplastin

Dactinomycin/ Doxorubicin

Etoposide

Flutamide and other steroids or their antagonists (eg tamoxifen, leuprolide)

Busulfan: features ABCDEF:

Alkylating agent

Bone marrow suppression s/e

CML indication

Dark skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e

Endrocrine insufficiency (adrenal) s/e

Fibrosis (pulmonary) s/e

Tricyclic antidepressants: members worth knowing

"I have to hide, the CIA is after me":

Clomipramine Imipramine Amitrptyline

· If want the next 3 worth knowing, the DNDis also after me:

Desipramine Norrtriptyline Doxepin

Torsades de Pointes: drugs causing APACHE:

Amiodarone Procainamide Arsenium Cisapride Haloperidol Eritromycin

Serotonin syndrome: components Causes HARM:

Hyperthermia Autonomic instability (delirium) Rigidity Myoclonus

Tetracycline: teratogenicity

TEtracycline is a TEratogen that causes staining of TEeth in the newborn.

Patent ductus arteriosus: treatment

"Come In and Close the door": INdomethacin is used to Close PDA.

Physostigmine vs. neostigmine LMNOP:

Lipid soluble

Miotic

Natural

Orally absorbed well

Physostigmine

· Neostigmine, on the contrary, is:

Water soluble

Used in myesthenia gravis

Synthetic

Poor oral absorption

Beta 1 selective blockers

"BEAM ONE up, Scotty":

Beta 1 blockers:

Esmolol

Atenolol

Metropolol

Antirheumatic agents (disease modifying): members

CHAMP:

Cyclophosphamide

Hydroxycloroquine and choloroquinine

Auranofin and other gold compounds

Methotrexate

Penicillamine

Auranofin, aurothioglucose: category and indication

Aurum is latin for "gold" (gold's chemical symbol is Au).

Generic Aur- drugs (Auranofin, Aurothioglucose) are gold compounds.

· If didn't learn yet that gold's indication is rheumatoid arthritis, AUR- Acts Upon Rheumatoid.

Antiarrhythmics: class III members BIAS:

Bretylium

Ibutilide

Amiodarone

Sotalol

MAOIs: indications MAOI'S:

Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression]

Anxiety

Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]

Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]

Social phobias

· Listed in decreasing order of importance.

· Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.

SIADH-inducing drugs ABCD:

Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs

Barbiturates

Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine

Diuretic (thiazide)

K+ increasing agents K-BANK:

K-sparing diuretic

Beta blocker

ACEI

NSAID

K supplement

Reserpine action:

Reserpine depletes the Reserves of catecholamines [and serotonin].

Succinylcholine:

action, use Succinylcholine gets Stuck to Ach receptor, then Sucks ions in through open pore.

You Suck stuff in through a mouth-tube, and drug is used for intubation.

Beta-blockers: side effects "BBC Loses Viewers In Rochedale": Bradycardia

Bronchoconstriction

Claudication

Lipids

Vivid dreams & nightmares

-ve Inotropic action

Reduced sensitivity to hypoglycaemia

Cisplatin: major side effect, action "Ci-Splat-In":

Major side effect: Splat (vomiting sound)--vomiting so severe that anti-nausea drug needed. Action: Goes Into the DNA strand.

Prazocin: usage

Prazocin sounds like an acronym of "praszz zour urine".

Therefore Prazocin used for urinary retention in BPH.

Opioids: effects BAD AMERICANS:

Bradycardia & hypotension

Anorexia

Diminished pupilary size

Analgesics

Miosis

Euphoria

Respiratory depression

Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation

Ameliorate cough reflex

Nausea and vomiting

Sedation

TB: antibiotics usedSTRIPE:

STreptomycin Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrizinamide Ethambutol

Phenytoin: adverse effects PHENYTOIN:

P-450 interactions

Hirsutism

Enlarged gums

Nystagmus

Yellow-browning of skin

Teratogenicity

Osteomalacia

Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)

Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, and headache

Narcotic antagonists

The Narcotic Antagonists are NAloxone and NAltrexone. · Important clinically to treat narcotic overdose.

Asthma drugs: inhibitor action

zAfirlukast: Antagonist of LT

zIlueton: Inhibitor of 5-LO

Direct sympathomimetic catecholamines DINED:Dopamine

Isoproterenol

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Dobutamine

Anticholinergic side effects

"Know the ABCD'S of anticholinergic side effects":

Anorexia

Blurry vision

Constipation/ Confusion

Dry Mouth

Sedation/ Stasis of urine

Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia

"A goes with B": Atropine used clinically to treat Bradycardia.

Bleomycin: action

"Bleo-Mycin Blows My DNA to bits": Bleomycin works by fragmenting DNA (blowing it to bits). My DNA signals that its used for cancer (targeting self cells).

Aspirin: side effects ASPIRIN:

Asthma

Salicyalism

Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA

Intestinal blood loss

Reye's syndrome

Idiosyncracy

Noise (tinnitus)

Lupus: drugs inducing it HIP:

Hydralazine

INH

Procanimide

Vigabatrin: mechanism Vi-GABA-Tr-In:

Via GABA Transferase Inhibition

Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring EnoXaprin only acts on factor Xa. Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT.

Ipratropium: action Atropine is buried in the middle:

iprAtropium, so it behaves like Atropine.

Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine

eDrophonium is for Diagnosis.

pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms.

Inhalation anesthetics SHINE:

Sevoflurane

Halothane

Isoflurane

Nitrous oxide

Enflurane

· If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.

Benzodiazapines: ones not metabolized by the liver (safe to use in liver failure) LOT: Lorazepam Oxazepam Temazepam

Botulism toxin: action, related bungarotoxin

Action: "Botulism Bottles up the Ach so it can't be the released":

Related bungarotoxin: "Botulism is related to Beta Bungarotoxin (beta-, not alpha-bungarotoxin--alpha has different mechanism).

Benzodiazepenes: drugs which decrease their metabolism

"I'm Overly Calm":

Isoniazid

Oral contraceptive pills

Cimetidine

· These drugs increase calming effect of BZDs by retarding metabolism.

Anesthesia: 4 stages "Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M":

Analgesia

Excitement

Surgical anesthesia

Medullary paralysis

4-Aminopyradine (4-AP) use"4-AP is For AP":

For AP (action potential) propagation in Multiple Sclerosis.

Osmotic diuretics: members GUM:

Glycerol

Urea

Mannitol

Sodium valproate: side effects VALPROATE:

Vomiting

Alopecia

Liver toxicity

Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia

Retention of fats (weight gain)

Oedema (peripheral oedema)

Appetite increase

Tremor

Enzyme inducer (liver)

Nitrofurantoin: major side effects NitroFurAntoin:

Neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy)

Fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis)

Anemia (hemolytic anemia)

Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Cinalukast:

mechanism, usage"Zafir-luk-ast, Monte-luk-ast, Cina-luk-ast": · Anti-Lukotrienes for Asthma.

· Dazzle your oral examiner: Zafirlukast antagonizes leukotriene-4.

Zero order kinetics drugs (most common ones) "PEAZ (sounds like pees) out a constant amount":

Phenytoin

Ethanol

Aspirin

Zero order

· Someone that pees out a constant amount describes zero order kinetics (always the same amount out)

Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis

"Very Angry Hepatocytes":

Valproic acid

Acetaminophen

Halothane

Steroids: side effects BECLOMETHASONE:

Buffalo hump

Easy bruising

Cataracts

Larger appetite

Obesity

Moonface

Euphoria

Thin arms & legs

Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

Skin thinning

Osteoporosis

Negative nitrogen balance

Emotional liability

Amiodarone: action, side effects 6 P's:

Prolongs action potential duration

Photosensitivity

Pigmentation of skin

Peripheral neuropathy

Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis

Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors:

Members "PIT of despair":

Phenelzine

Isocarboxazid

Tranylcypromine ·

A pit of despair, since MAOs treat depression

Warfarin: metabolism SLOW:

· Has a slow onset of action.

· A quicK Vitamin K antagonist, though.

Small lipid-soluble molecule

Liver: site of action

Oral route of administration.

Warfarin

Propythiouracil (PTU):

Mechanism It inhibits PTU:

Peroxidase/ Peripheral deiodination

Tyrosine iodination Union (coupling)

Beta-blockers:

nonselective beta-blockers"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem"

(because he has a runny nose...):

Timolol

Pindolol

Hismolol

Naldolol

Propranolol

Methyldopa:side effects METHYLDOPA:Mental retardation

Electrolyte imbalance

Tolerance

Headache/ Hepatotoxicity psYcological upset

Lactation in female

Dry mouth

Oedema

Parkinsonism

Anaemia (haemolytic)

Respiratory depression inducing drugs "STOP breathing":

Sedatives and hypnotics

Trimethoprim

Opiates

Polymyxins

Benzodiazepenes: antidote "Ben is off with the flu":

Benzodiazepine effects off with Flumazenil.