17407 - Bai Giang Phan Tich Thiet Ke He Thong Huong Doi Tuong
Phan tich thiet ke he thong thong tin 2
Transcript of Phan tich thiet ke he thong thong tin 2
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PHN TCH THIT
K HTTT
i hc Khoa Hc T NhinKhoa CNTTThS Phm Nguyn Cng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 2Phn 1 - Tng quan
Chng 2M HNH V CC
PHNG PHP M HNH HA M hnh
Phng php m hnh ho
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Mt s phng php phn tch thit k hthng hng i tng
Mt s m hnh tiu biu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 3Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh (Model)
M hnh l mt dng th hin n ginho ca th gii thc (Efraim Turban ).
Cc c im:Din t mt mc tru tng ha
Tun theo mt quan im
C mt hnh thc biu din (vn bn, ho: th, s , biu ,)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 4Phn 1 - Tng quan
Phn loi m hnh
M hnh tnh v m hnh ngM hnh tnh:
Biu din thng s h thng Cu trc ca h thng (d liu, thng tin) v
nhng cu trc tnh khc
M hnh ng:
Biu din hnh vi, th tc ca h thng S tng tc gia cc i tng nhm thc hin
hot ng h thng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 5Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh ho (modeling)
L cng vic biu din th gii thc dngm hnh
Mc ch ca m hnh ho:Lm sng t vn tip cnM phng c hnh nh tng t ca h
thngGia tng kh nng duy tr h thngLm n gin ha h thng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 6Phn 1 - Tng quan
Phng php m hnh ha
(Methodology) Phng php m hnh ho (phng php phn tch thit
k) l mt tp cc khi nim, quy tc, th t v cchthc hin biu din HTTT khi chuyn i thnh t
ng ho. Thnh phn mt phng php:
Tp khi nim v m hnh V d: phng php SA: m hnh DFD, phng php BOOCH:
Class diagram, Object diagram, State transition diagram, module
diagram, process diagram, interaction diagram Qui trnh trin khai: gm cc bc v kt qu tng bc Cng c tr gip
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 7Phn 1 - Tng quan
Chng 2M HNH V CC
PHNG PHP M HNH HA M hnh
Phng php m hnh ho
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Mt s phng php phn tch thit k hthng hng i tng
Mt s m hnh tiu biu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 8Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Thp nin 60 Phng php s ng vi c tnh chung l chun
ha k thut ca cc nh pht trin ng dng
Thp nin 70 Phng php Descartes vi c trng l phn r
chc nng ca HTTT theo m hnh phn cp v ngdng cc phng php lp trnh cu trc, n th.Mt s phng php: HIPO, SADT, SA hay SSA,SA/SD,
Hng tip cn: Tnh r rng Tnh dng S rt gn
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 9Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 70 (tip)
Phn loi Phn tch cu trc: phn r chc nng HTTT (HIPO, SADT,
PSL/PSA, SA-SD, SSA, SASS ) Khi nim cu trc: m t cu trc cc n th (PSL/PSA,
JSD, SA-SD )
u im Tip cn theo hng t trn xung (top down) D dng p dng cho cc h thng c cu thnh bi
nhng thnh phn ghp ni Tip cn tng bc
Khuyt im Thiu qui lut chnh xc trong s phn r Thiu cc rng buc v vic b tr x l theo thi gian Kh khn trong vic phn r mt h thng ln
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 10Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 80: phng php h thng, tip cn d liu
v x l: MERISE, IDA, REMORA, IA, Cch tip cn Tnh ton th Tnh ng n
Phn loi M hnh cu trc d liu ca h thng(hng tip cn CSDL) M hnh hnh vi h thng(tip cn theo hng x l) Bao gm 2 trng phi
Lng phn d liu v x l: MCT, SADT, MERISE Khng phn bit r rng gia d liu v x l: IDA, Remora, ACM-
PCM, CIAM
u im M hnh ERA c s dng rng ri nht 2 cch tip cn ca h thng v d liu v x l Quan tm n nhng thnh phn khng tin hc ha
Khuyt im Lng phn d liu v x l
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 11Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 90: phng php hng i tng, m hnh
tiu biu l OOD, HOOD, BON, OSA, v sau ny lOOSA, OOA, OMT, CRC, OOM, OOAD, UML/RUP c trng c bn
Tnh bao bc (encapsulation) Tnh phn loi (classification) Tnh kt hp (aggregation) Tnh tha k (heritage)
Phn loi: 2 hng Lp trnh:lp trnh n th -> hng i tng H qun tr CSDL: CSDL hng i tng
Cch tip cn: 2 cch Phng php k thut: CNPM (OOD, HOOD, BON, BOOCH,
MECANO, OODA) Phng php ton cc:HTTT (OOA, OOSA, OOAD, OMT, OOM )
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 12Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Thp nin 90u im
Cu trc ho c cc cu trc phc tp v s dng ccu trc qui
Xc nh c i tng ca h thng qua nh danh itng
Tnh tha k c a ra to tin cho vic ti s dng
Khuyt im Nhiu khi nim biu din, kh rc ri trong vic phn bit
ng ngha mt s khi nim gn nhau
Xc nh mt i tng kh kh khn Hng tip cn v h thng vn cn n gin
Kiu i tng hnh vi M hnh ER -> i tng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 13Phn 1 - Tng quan
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Tng hp lch s phng php tip cn
D lieu
Tip cn i tng
Jsd
OMT OOM
CRCOODa
Ida
OOSA
Merise
Remora
Axial
Ssa
Hipo
Tip cn Descartes
Arianne
Protee
Corig
Tip cn hthng
90
80
70
60
X ly
Sadt
Sa/sd
Niam
OOA
UML/RUP
Thi gian
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 14Phn 1 - Tng quan
Chng 2M HNH V CC
PHNG PHP M HNH HA M hnh
Phng php m hnh ho
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Mt s phng php phn tch thit kh thng hng i tng
Mt s m hnh tiu biu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 15Phn 1 - Tng quan
OMT Object Modeling Technique
Tip cn theo 3 cch nhn v h thng: M hnh i tng m t cch nhn tnh v
h thng (lp, thuc tnh, ton t, k tha,
mi kt hp,) M hnh ng h thng m t kha cnh
ca h thng c th thay i theo thi gian(trng thi, s kin, hnh ng, hat ng)
M t chc nng v vic chuyn i dliu bn trong
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 16Phn 1 - Tng quan
OOA Object Oriented Analysis
S dng nguyn l cu trc ho kt hpvi quan im hng i tng. Gm 5bc:Tm lp v i tngXc nh cu trc: cu trc tng qut
chuyn bit; cu trc tng th thnh phnXc nh ch : tng hp m hnh lp v i
tng thnh cc nh v ln hnXc nh thuc tnhXc nh dch v: nh ngha cc ton t cho
cc lp
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 17Phn 1 - Tng quan
Chng 2M HNH V CC
PHNG PHP M HNH HA M hnh
Phng php m hnh ho
Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha
Mt s phng php phn tch thit k hthng hng i tng
Mt s m hnh tiu biu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 18Phn 1 - Tng quan
Mt s m hnh
M hnh
M hnh t chc
M hnh dng d liu
M hnh m hnh ng
M hnh d liu
M hnh i tng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 19Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh t chc M hnh phn cp chc nng: phn r mt
chc nng tng hp thnh nhng chc nng chitit hn. V d: biu din cc chc nng ca h thng ca
hng nc giai kht
H qun l ca hng
Bn hng K ton Qun l tnkho
Qun l nhphng
Qun lxut
Bo co tnBn l Qunl nhng
Qun cngn
Chc nng
Quan h baohm
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 20Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh t chc M hnh
lunchuyn(h thng) V d:
biu dinqu trnh
x l thng caca hngNGK
t mua NGK
hng Kim tra nhng
hng khng
hp l hng
hp l
Kim tn kho Lu n hng
CSDL
Tn kho
Danh
sch tnkho
Ln k hochgiao
hng
Lp phiu
giao hng
Phiu giaohng
Lu phiu giaohngPhiu giao
hngGhi nhn tn
kho mi
Khch hng B phn bn hng Kho Vn phng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 21Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh dng d liu M hnh tng tc thng tin
Khch
hng
Phng bn
hng
Vn phng
Kho
Tc nhn
Dng d liu, thng tin
n t muaNGK hng b tchiThng tin giao NGK
n t mua
NGKTn khontmua
NGK
Thng
tin
giao
NGK
V d: M hnh tng tc t hng ca hng NGK
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 22Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh dng d liu M hnh dng d liu (DFD)
V d: Biu din m hnh DFD ca x l t hng ca ca hngNGK
Khch hng
Kim tra
hng
Thng bo
t chi hng
n t mua NGK
H khng hp l
H b t chi
Luhng
n t mua NGK
H hpl
Tnh tnkho
Lp han giao
hng
Tn kho NGK
Ho n giao hng
NGK giao + ha n H hng giao
mua NGK
Thng tin tn kho
H mi
Ha n giao hng
X l
Dng d liu
u cui
Kho d liu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 23Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh ng M hnh mng Petri-netV d: cc trng thi ca mt n hng NGK
t hng Ln lch giao hng
Giao hng
Thanh ton
hng
mi
ln lch
giao thanh
ton
Trng thiBin c
Trng thihin hnh
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 24Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh ng M hnh trng thi
V d: trng thi mt n hng NGK
Trng thi khi to
Trng thi kt thc
Trng thi
Bin c
hng mi Hp l
B t chi ln lch giao
thanh ton
t hngChp nhn t
hng
T chi do khnghp l
Thanh ton
Giao hng
giao
Ln lch giao
2 nm
1 thng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 25Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh ng M hnh x l MeriseV d: biu din x l ca mt n hng NGK
t hng
Kim tra n hng
c Khng
T chi nhng
Ln lch giaohng (b)
Thanh ton
n hng(a)
a v b
Giao hng
Lun lun
n hng giao
Bin c
ng b
Hnh ng
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 26Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh d liu M hnh quan h NGK(MA_NGK, TEN_NGK, HIEU, LOAI, DVTINH,
DON_GIA) HANG_NGK(SO_DDH, NGAY_DAT, KHACH_HANG,
NGAYGIAO, TRANG THAI)
CHITIET_DDH(MA_NGK, SO_DDH, SL_DAT,DONGIA_DAT)
Cu trc c bn
QUAN_H1 (THUC TNH KHA1, THUC TNH,) QUAN_H2 (THUC TNH KHA2, THUC TNH KHA
NGOI,)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 27Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh d liu
M hnh mng
NGK
HANG_NGK
CHITIET_DDH
KHCH_HANG
LOAI_NGK Loi thc th
Lin kt 1-1
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 28Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh d liu
M hnh thc th - kt hp
NGK
HNG_NGK
T
KHCH_HNG
LOI_NGKTHUC
CA
(0,n)
(1,n)
(1,1) (0,n)
(1,n)(1,1)
Thc th Mi kt hp
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 29Phn 1 - Tng quan
M hnh i tng
M hnh i tng theo OOA
Lp & i tngKt hp
Tng qut ho(IS A)
Thnh phn(Is Part - Of)
Thng ip(Message)
i tc
M sH tna chin thoi
Nh cung ng
Phng thc thanh ton
Khch hng
Cng n ti a
Trgi t hng()
NGK
M sTn
VT
n gi
Hng
M sNgy tNgy giao
Tng tr giTnh trgia hng()
NGK t
S lng tn giTr gi()
1
n
n
n
1n
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 30Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
Phng php Booch + phng php OMT UP (Unified Process) (1994)
Jacobson n lc tch hp phng
php UP + OOSEUML u tin (1996) UML 1.0 cng b (1/1997)
UML 2.0 cng b (2004)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 31Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
Cc phng php khcBooch OMT
UML 0.8 (95)
UML 0.9 (96)
UML 1.0 (1- 97)
UML 1.1 (11- 97)
OOSECc thnh vin cng nghip(HP, IBM,Oracle, Microsoft,Rational,)
UML 1.2 (98)
UML 1.3 (99)
Chun ho bi OMG
UML 1.5 (2003)
UML 2.0 (2004)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 32Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language) Cc c trng ca mt tin trnh s dng
UML:Tnh lp (iterative)
Gia tng (incremental)
Tp trung vo ngi dng (user concentrated)
Hng kin trc (well-defined structure)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 33Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language) Nm khung nhn v h thng
Khung nhn lun l(logical view)
Khung nhn thchin
(implementation
view)
Khung nhn x l(proces view)
Khung nhn trinkhai (deployment
view)
Khung nhnuse case(Use case
view)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 34Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language) Cc s m t kha cnh tnh
S i tng (object diagram) S lp (class diagram) S use case (use case diagram) S thnh phn (component diagram) S trin khai (deployment diragram)
Cc s m t kha cnh ng Cc s tng tc (interaction diagram)
S tun t (sequence diagram) S hp tc (collaboration diagram)
S hot ng (activity diagram) S chuyn dch trng thi (state transition
diagram)
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 35Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
Ti x Xe
Bng li xe Xe ti Xe t Xe m t
S hu
0..1 1..*
Ca
1
*
Tc gi
tnTcGi: stringaCh: string
Sch
taSch: stringnmXutBn: integer
1 1..*
S lp
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 36Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S i tng
Hong:Tc gi
tnTcGi =Nguyn Vn HongaCh=123-Nguyn Vn C - Q5
UML:Sch
taSch =UMLnmXutBn=1998
C s d liu:Sch
taSch =UMLnmXutBn=1997
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 37Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S Use case
Mn sch
Tr sch
Mn ti ch
c sch,bo
Mua sch
c gi
Th th
Nh cung cp
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 38Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S thnh phn
Giao din
Tin ch
X l
C s d liu
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 39Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S trin khai
Node 1 (phng qun tr):ServerCSDL
Node 3 (c gi):APP
Giao din
Giao din
Node 4 (th th):APPTin ch
Node 2 (phng qun tr):APPServer
C s dliu
X l
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 40Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S tun t
:Ngigi
:My gi Tng i :My nhn :Ngi nhn
NhcmyTn hiu
Quay sKt ni
Tn
hiu chung
Nhc my
Gc my
Tn hiu
Tn hiu gc myTn hiu gc my
Tin hiu gc my
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 41Phn 1 - Tng quan
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S trng thi
Sn sng cho mn ang mn
MtHt lu hnhLu tr
Mun
Tr
nh mt nh mt
nh mt
nh mt
Thanh l
Chm dt lu hnhNhp kho lu tr
Nhp kho
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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phng
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
S hot ng
Kim tra cc sch mn
T chi mn sch Ly sch
Cp nht thng tin mun
[c gi n mn sch]
[Sch mn>3]
[Sch mn