by Rudi Aker, Bella Duncan, and David S.

Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4 )CAS Registry number: 7664-38-2Molar mass: 98.00g/mol

Citric Acid (C6H8O7 ∙ H2O)CAS Registry number: 5949-29-1Molar Mass: 210.14g/mol

Soft DrinksThere are virtually no health benefits in consuming

this product due to the high levels of sugars and chemicals. However there are several risks when consuming this product. These risks include, but are not limited to obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, tooth decay, and heart disease.

The pH levels in soft drinks range from 2.0-4.0, yet most fall between the range of 2.5-3.0.

Example: Pepsi has a pH level of 2.530 while Mug Root

beer has a ph level of 4.038.

The instrumentation necessary for this analysis is the pH electrode.

The pH electrode works by measuring the activity of the hydrogen ions which produces an electrical charge. The electrode procedure is based on a principle that electricity develops when two different substances (of different pH) come together at opposite sides of the glass membrane.

1. Plug the pH electrode into the computer

2. Make sure the computer program has automatically turned on

3. Take the pH electrode and rinse it with distilled water (so there is no contamination)

4. Pat the pH electrode dry with paper towel

5. Place the pH electrode into the solution 6. Get the pH reading from the computer

7. Take the pH electrode from the solution and rinse it with distilled water

8. Pat the pH electrode dry with paper towel

9. Place the pH electrode in a different solution

10 .Get the pH reading of that solution from the computer

11. Continue doing steps 7-10 until each solution has been tested

A few things that we will need to know to preform this analysis are:How to use the pH electrodeHow to compare pH levelsHow to calculate concentration

Phosphoric acid. (2011, November 17). Retrieved from http://www.chemistry-reference.com/q_compounds.asp?CAS=7664-38-2

Sources

Citric acid, monohydrate msds. (2011, November). Retrieved from http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923495

Jain, P., Nihill, P., Sobkowshi, J., & Agustin, M. Z. (2007, February 21). Commercial soft drinks: ph and in vitro dissolution of enamel. Retrieved from http://www.agd.org/support/articles/?ArtID=923

Jacobson, M. F. (2005, June). Liquid candy. Retrieved from http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf

Seitz, J. (2008). Designing with ph electrodes. Retrieved from www.national.com/assets/en/appnotes/national_AN-1852.pdf