PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let...
-
Upload
oscar-dawson -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let...
![Page 1: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PG. 30 - 33
Enzymes
![Page 2: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are Enzymes?
Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and reassemble molecules Reactions repair damaged cells Countless other functions that are essential for life
Enzymes are special proteins that regulate chemical reactions in the body
DO NOTCOPY
![Page 3: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Try this…
![Page 4: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are involved in nearly every biochemical process that takes place in the body (that’s a lot!)
eg. lysozyme
![Page 5: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Enzyme Deficiencies
Even one missing or depleted enzyme in an individual can cause health problems
eg. lactase People who are lactose
intolerant lack the enzyme lactase which breaks down lactose (found in milk)
Intact lactose cannot be absorbed in the small intestine and instead makes it to the large intestine where bacteria feed on it
![Page 6: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Enzyme Deficiencies
The bacteria make lots of gas which is smelly and uncomfortable and interferes with bowel movements
The solution? Lactase is extracted from other living things (eg.
fungi) and put in a pill so lactose intolerant people can enjoy milk products
![Page 7: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of Biochemical Reactions
1. Anabolic reactions Synthesis (building) Assemble small molecules into large ones
(eg. making cell parts for growth and repair)
![Page 8: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Biochemical Reactions
1. Catabolic reactions Digestive (break down) Larger molecules are disassembled into smaller
ones(eg. harvesting nutrients from food)
![Page 9: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How enzymes work
Enzymes have a unique shape that binds to a substrate (the molecule that the enzyme acts on)
![Page 10: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How enzymes work
The substrate binds at the active site of the enzyme, where only it can fit
![Page 11: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How enzymes work
The enzyme acts on the substrate and helps a chemical reaction occur more quickly than it would normally (enzymes are catalysts!)
![Page 12: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SucraseCatabolic or anabolic?
![Page 13: PG. 30 - 33 Enzymes. What are Enzymes? Life depends on sustained chemical reactions Reactions let cells make/store energy Reactions break down and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d4dd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Try these…
Pg. 33, #31 - 33
Fun fact: ~15% of your mass is protein.