petroleum refinery and its product
-
Upload
yogesh-thoriya -
Category
Science
-
view
185 -
download
10
Transcript of petroleum refinery and its product
![Page 1: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Marwadi Education Foundation Group of Institutions
Rajkot.
Prepared by :-Patel Miral
Petroleum Refinery And Its Products
![Page 2: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Petroleum Refining
Petroleum refining is defined as chemical, thermal and physical separation of crude oil into major fractions.
These fractions are further processed through separation and conversion into finished petroleum products.
Refinery is the facility where this process takes place. Refinery separates the crude oil into smaller fractions in order to make 2500 separate products.
![Page 3: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Refining Means. . .
(i) To reduce to a pure state, to remove impurities.
(ii) To improve or perfect.
Salable products are made from crude.
![Page 4: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is Crude Oil?
Mixture of organic carbon chain molecules.
Impurities include sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
Some metals and salts too.
Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as
800000 to 900000 barrels per day of crude oil.
![Page 5: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Composition of crude oil
Petroleum crude oils are numerous hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of predominantly carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons found in crude oils generally also contain the elements sulfur and nitrogen. Many crude oils also contain absorbed levels of the toxic gas hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
![Page 6: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Components_ To be removed
Crude oils may contain trace amounts of metals such as nickel and vanadium, as well as salts.
Most of the non hydrogen, non-carbon elements found in crude oils are undesirable and are removed from the hydrocarbons in total or in part during refinery processing.
![Page 7: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Refinery Process Flow Chart
![Page 8: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Petroleum Products
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) :- Mostly a combination of butane and propane it is heavier than air, and liquefies under pressure. It is used as a house hold cooking fuel, & vehicular fuel.
Petrol :- It is used to fuel internal combustion engines, mainly use in vehicular.
![Page 9: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Petroleum Products
Kerosene :- Also known as paraffin, is used as illuminant and cooking fuel in India and other poor countries, and as a space heating fuel in industrial countries.
Jet fuel :- It is used in jet planes, is closely akin to kerosene.
![Page 10: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Petroleum Products
Diesel :- This oil is used in engines running at 750 revolutions per minute (rpm) or more. It is mostly used in diesel-powered vehicles.
Naphtha :- It is used to make additives for high-octane petrol, and to make polymeric plastics and urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer.
![Page 11: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Petroleum Products
furnace oil :- furnace oil is made by diluting residual fuel oil from refining with middle distillates such as diesel oil. It is used in boilers, bunkers, heaters , furnaces, or as fertilizer feedstock. Low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) is variant of furnace oil.
Lubricant :- Lubricating oil consists of greases and viscous oils used to lubricate moving parts in industry, auto mobiles, railways engines and carriages and marine engines .
![Page 12: petroleum refinery and its product](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081800/58796daf1a28ab37368b54d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)