Lecture Topics to be CoveredSEMESTER GANJIL 2014/2015 S2 FTG UNPADINTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM GEOLOGYBASIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (CONVENTIONAL HYDROCARBON)Origin of Petroleum (Petroleum Generation, Source Rock Evaluation, Thermal Maturation Models)Migration and Sealing of HydrocarbonsReservoirs and Accumulation of HydrocarbonsSedimentary basin analysis and petroleum system characterizationUNCONVENTIONAL HYDROCARBONCoalbed MethaneShale HydrocarbonEXPLORATIONOil&Gas Exploration in Indonesia (Status and Potency)Subsurface Mapping (Well Analysis and Seismic Interpretation)Geochemical ModelingPetrophysic AnalysisCASE HISTORIESPetroleum Potential of Indonesian BasinIndonesian Oil IndustryOil&Gas Regulation in Indonesia (Oil And Gas Upstream Business Activities)LABORATORY/FIELD WORKSExercise/Presentation

INDONESIA OIL AND GASGASOIL

PENURUNAN CADANGAN MIGASRENDAHNYA INVESTASI DAN AKTIFITAS EKSPLORASI DI WK EKSPLOITASIRENDAHNYA REALISASI KOMITMEN KONTRAK WK EKSPLORASI

CADANGAN MINYAK TERBUKTICadangan minyak terbukti yang dimiliki Indonesia saat ini hanya mencapai 4 miliar barel, jika produksi minyak saat ini rata-rata 800.000 barel per hari, maka cadangan terbukti tersebut habis 10 tahun lagi.Namun Indonesia masih punya potensi cadangan baru yang mencapai 43,7 miliar barel namun masih harus butuh pembuktian dengan eksplorasi.

PETROLEUM GEOLOGYI. IntroductionA. The fundamental question in petroleum geologyB. Oil exploration as a businessII. What is the course about?(1) Introduction to the "science" of petroleum geologyThat is how hydrocarbons form, what they are, where they go, how they are trapped(2) Introduction of exploration techniquesHow are hydrocarbons found? Drilling methods, seismic and well logs.(3) To give you experience at developing "plays" and "prospects", Evaluating plays and prospects, and presenting your work to others.

What is a Petroleum System?A Petroleum System is defined as a natural system that encompasses a pod of active source rock and all related oil and gas which includes all of the geologic elements and processes that are essential if a hydrocarbon accumulation is to exist.

(Magoon and Dow, 1994)

THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGYWhere are there economically recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons? understanding geologic processes in a regional context. it uses all of the fundamental geologic (and chemical and physical concepts) and applies them to finding oil reserves.

Some of the geologic processes include : (1) Historical geology (timing of maturation, migration, and trap formation), (2) Structural and stratigraphic geology- the origin and physical properties of reservoir and source rocks, (3) Geochemistry- what are hydrocarbons? where do they come from? What are their properties?, (4) Geophysics- seismics and well logs- subsurface exploration techniques.

Applied to petroleum geology have changed:Originally, field mapping- frontier areas, surface geology, was important. This mapping in the field eventually evolved into geophysical (subsurface) mapping, using both seismic techniques and well logging.Now much mapping now done in the office. Data is collected remotely and brought to the central office. Mapping done by computers, so the geologist must have skills in many areas(1) the basic geologic sciences (2) Ancillary sciences, particularly chemistry and physics, as well as math (3) computer science (4) interpersonal skills

B. Oil exploration as a business:Exploration geologist: A geologist who looks at areas not previously found to bear hydrocarbons. Could be small region within an established hydrocarbon province, or a completely new sedimentary basin that has never been drilled.

Development geologist: A geologist who takes a "discovery well"- i.e. a well that produces hydrocarbons, and figures out the most economic way of developing the newly-discovered oil field.

Geophysicist- a person largely responsible for the collection, processing and interpretation of seismic data. Often works closely with exploration geologists to combine geologic and geophysical information Engineer- There are a variety of engineering disciplines, for example:

(a) Drilling engineers, who are responsible for economically and successfully drilling wells. Drilling is a complex business, particularly now that hydrocarbons are being produced from deeper in the crust (>30,000 ft) and at greater water depths (> 1000 ft) than before. (b) Reservoir engineers- responsible for the proper maintained and production of hydrocarbons from the reservoir. These engineers decide how much hydrocarbons to produce and at what rate, how secondary and tertiary recovery may be accomplished, and make estimates of the amounts of hydrocarbons that are present and how much can be produced.

5. Land men- responsible for the legal aspects of extracting hydrocarbons. For example, they determine who owns the surface land, who owns the minerals rights, and make sure all the contracts are in order. Boring, but very important job.

CONVENTIONAL VS UNCONVENTIONAL

PETROLEUM SYSTEMEXERCISE-1GEOCHEM MODELINGEXERCISE-2PETROPHYSIC ANALYSISEXERCISE-3 (WELL ANALYSIS AND SEISMIC INTERPRETATION)

SOURCE ROCK

CARRIER BED AND REGIONAL SEALING

RESERVOIR

Main diagenetic processescompaction recrystallization solution cementation authigenesis replacement bioturbation

SEALING

TRAP

PETROLEUM SYSTEM EVENTS CHART

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sourcecarrierTrap Riskfor example:- Prospect geometry- Reservoir quality (por/perm)- Seal qualityCharge Risk for example:- Source rock quality Source rock maturity Generated petroleum

Timing and Migration Risk!- relates the charge to the trap ... migration!- takes dependencies and processes into account!- takes dynamics into account!sealcarrier/reservoirThis is what Petroleum Systems Modeling technology does!Petroleum Systems ModelBasin & Petroleum Systems Modeling

BASIN & PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELINGCritical Moment:generation startedtraps existmigration possibleA-A Cross SectionPetroleum System Definitions(from Magoon and Dow, 1994)Geograpic Extent

SEDIMENTARY BASIN ANALYSIS AND PETROLEUM SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATIONMODEL-BASED APPROACH

Tectonic style and basin evolutionSource rock distribution in the basin, considering stratigraphic (space and time)Maturity and degradation conditionMigration and sealingAccumulation and reservoir distributionSedimentation and diagenesa sedimen bearing formationTrapping Preservation

EXPLORATION

Siklus-1Siklus-2Siklus-3

Indonesian oil and gas exploration Cycle (I)First Cycle : Shallow target,Gas discovery - abandoned,Simple concept and techonolgy,on-shore,clastics reservoirs,Pliocene-Pleistocene Structure,inversion/post-inversion deposits.

Indonesian oil and gas exploration Cycle (I)

Second Cycle:intermediate depth oil target,gas with large reserves - LNG eraadvanced concept dan technology,on-shore and off-shore,carbonate and clastics reservoirs,miocene structures,post-rift deposits.Indonesian oil and gas exploration Cycle (II)

Third Cycle:Deep target,Small to medium gas reseves also accounted,Latest concept and technology,on-shore, off-shore, and deepwater,Basement, carbonate and clastics reservoirs, Paleogene structures,synrift dan pre-rift deposits.Indonesian oil and gas exploration Cycle (III)

Eksplorasi dan Produksi Migas : Peranan Ahli GeologiA. TAHAP EKSPLORASISurvei SeismikPemboranEksplorasiPenemuanCadanganMigasPemboranDelineasiPerhitunganCadanganPlan ofDevelopment(POD)Sumur KeringSurvei SeismikTambahanB. TAHAP PRODUKSIPlan ofDevelopmentPembangunanFasilitasProduksiProduksiKilangReviewPerhitunganCadanganPemboranPengembanganPengapalanSurvei Geologi

VIJ, WR,ESES, BA, ND, ASWMG, JH, BAAGWT, DS, MY, ADABD, ROYADB,PRAS,YDTAES, BA, ND, ADB, Y, PRASGGRE WORKFLOW

CASE HISTORIES

ContentIndonesia basins & Existing exploration, Exploration cycles conceptsPetroleum geology of Sumatra, Natuna, Jawa, Kalimantan, and Makassar Basins, Eastern Indonesia Frontiers, Papua

DATA STRUCTURE (PROVISIONARY)(Sub Basin)Non LicenseeWork. areadiscovery

KEPEMILIKAN OPERASI CHEVRON DI KALIMANTAN TERMASUK EMPAT WILAYAH KONTRAK KERJA SAMA (KKS) LEPAS PANTAI SELUAS 11.100 KM2 (2,8 JUTA ARE) DI KUTEI BASIN.Total rata-rata produksi harian pada tahun 2011 mencapai 32.000 barel minyak mentah dan 165 juta kaki kubik gas alam. Selama tahun 2011, mayoritas produksi Chevron di Kalimantan berasal dari 14 lapangan produksi di wilayah KKS East Kalimatan. Wilayahshelfini menghasilkan rata-rata 28.000 barel fluida dan 143 juta kaki kubik gas alam.

Wilayah kerja Perusahaan terbagi ke dalam beberapa AssetAsset 1 :Rantau, Pangkalan Susu, Lirik, Jambi, RambaAsset 2 :Adera, Limau, Pendopo, PrabumulihAsset 3 :Tambun, Subang, JatibarangAsset 4 :CepuAsset 5 :Bunyu, Tarakan, Sangatta, Sangasanga, Tanjung, PapuaWILAYAH KERJA SELUAS 113,613.90 km2 (48% dari Total Wilayah Kerja di Indonesia)rasio produksi Pertamina EP masih rendah yairu 0,89 barel per hari per kilometer persegi (4,46%) nasional 8,8%.Jika dibandingkan Chevron yang hanya memiliki luas wilayah kerja 8.700 km persegi namun tingkat produksi Chevron mencapai 41 barel per hari per kilometernya, Chevron saat ini mengelola blok Duri, Riau dengan produksi rata-rata 356.000 per hari atau sekitar 40 persen dari produksi nasional.terdapat 5.244 sumur suspended yang diharapkan dapat dilakukan reaktivasi

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