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Transcript of Petroleum Exploration Methods
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PETROLEUM
EXPLORATION METHODS
Carl Gatlin
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Branches of PetroleumEngineering
Exploration
Drilling
Reservoir
Production
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Exploration Engineering
It deals with the exploration and involves
techniques which are used to find out
the presence and quantity of crude oil.
First and Foreost iportant thing in the
hierarchy of petroleu engineering.
!"#ectives
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Petroleum exploration methods
Following techniques are used to
explore petroleu$
Direct indicationsGeological ethods
Geophysical ethods
Iproveent need to "e done in the
Exploration ethods.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Direct indications$
%urface evidence of presence of
petroleu.
For exaple natural seepages of oil&
outcrops of oil "earing roc's.
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Direct Indications
(iitations )))
*ot that uch Effective.
Does not tell you a"out quantity of oil which
is present "eneath.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Geological exploration methods:
In order to a'e predictions a"out the occurrence of
petroleu in a particular area& the geologists prepare
aps& "oth surface and su"surface.
%urface features such as elevations& dips and stri'es of
the outcrops and lithological changes ay "e apped as
clues to su"surface features.
+erial photographs are valua"le in locating su"surface
structures.
,he value of surface apping is restricted to shallow
areas.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Subsurface maps:
-. %tructural contour aps$
Coposed of lines connecting points of equal elevation.
a. sed to find out the presence of traps
". sed to find out the pro"a"le location of hydrocar"ons.
/. Isopachous aps$
0aps coposed of lines connecting points of
equal "ed thic'ness.
a. sed to find out the volue of hydrocar"ons.
". sed to find out the drilling depths
1. Cross %ection 0aps$
+ for of su"surface presentation which depictsthe position and thic'ness of various strata.
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How to construct contour Map:
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Contour Maps
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Petroleum exploration methods
%u"surface aps are a necessary part of anyreservoir study.
%ources of data for su"surface aps$
-. Well logs:Representation of roc' properties versus depth.
/. Core drilling:
%hallow sall hole drilling for inforation purposesonly.
1. Strata tests:
Deep exploratory holes drilled priarily for inforation.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Geophysical methods:
Physical easureent of su"surface
condition ade fro surface location.
0ethods to "e discussed$
2 Gravitational
2 0agnetic
2 seisic
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Petroleum exploration methods
Gravitational 0ethod$
,his ethod is "ased on the hypothesis
that every particle in the universe
attracts every other particle.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Denser roc's cause a
higher gravitational
force in their vicinity.
Gravieter is used to
a'e these
easureents.
Previously used
instruents were
torsion "alance and
pendulu.
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Petroleum exploration methods
0agnetic 0ethod$
0aps anoalies in earth3s agnetic field and correlate
these with underground structure.
%edientary roc's are essentially non agnetic.
+ny Irregularity spotted is attri"uted to depth variation of
"aseent roc'.
Instruents used in this ethod vary fro dip needle to
copass.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Seismic Method:
0ost successful and widely applied.
%eisogra is used in this ethod.
,hese waves are generated "y explosion of dynaite.
+ pattern of recording detectors arranged at 'nowndistances fro the shot points receive the reflected
and refracted waves.
4ased on difference in propagation velocity of elastic
waves generated artificially through su"surface strata.
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Petroleum exploration methods
If wave paths and their velocities are 'nown&
then their travelled distances can "e found
"y the tie of arrival at the detectors.
/ types of waves are used for interpretation
reflected waves and refracted waves.
Data received is recorded on a paper 'nown
as seisograph.
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Petroleum exploration methods
Geochemical methods:
5ydrocar"ons present in an oil pool tend to
ove upwards& due to their low density.
It is assued that eventually soe olecules
reach the surface.
+nalysis of soil saples ta'en over 'nownfields have shown high percentage of
hydrocar"ons.
It is searching of oil and not the structure.
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