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mTavarepiskoposi

anania jafariZe

petre iberi

marTlmadidebeli

episkoposi

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63.3 (25)947.922:3 j 272

petre ibers Zvel saqarTveloSi uwodebdnen ̀ siqaduls,mnaTobs da brwyinvalebas qarTvelTa erisasa~. igi angelozTaxarebiT, `viTarca didi winamorbedi~ miscemia TaviskeTilmorwmune mSoblebs. mematianes sityviT, petre ibersa daioane lazs ierusalimisaken ̀ win uZRodaT sveti naTlisaÁ~.petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvi SeeparaT mxolod XVIIIsaukuneSi, da amis mizezi ufro politikuri urTierTqiSpi iyosxvadasxva dass Soris, vidre sarwmunoebrivi. mTavarepiskoposiananaia jafariZe Tavis naSromSi ̀ petre iberi marTlmadidebeliepiskoposi~ exeba aRniSnul da sxva saintereso sakiTxebs,romelnic paragrafebis saxiTaa gamoyofili, esenia: ̀ qarTvelTasamonastro cxovrebis saTaveebTan IV-V ss.~, ̀ pirveli qarTvelimTargmnelebi~, ̀ ioane lazi qarTuli samwerlo enis saTaveebTan~,`petre iberis biografebi~, ̀ monofizitobis gaZliereba XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi da petre iberis xsenebis gauqmeba~.

wigni gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.

Ó anania jafariZe, 2002

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qarTvelTa samonastro cxovrebis saTaveebTan(IV_V saukuneebi)

wmida nino da petre iberiIV_V saukuneebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis xanaa

zogadqarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis. am dros Camoyalibdasaeklesio-liturgikuli da saliteraturo ena. iTargmna wmidawerili. IV-V saukuneebi aris qarTuli kulturis oqros xana,safuZveli, romelze dayrdnobiTac qarTulma civilizaciamsaukuneTa manZilze miaRwia Tavis Sedegebs.

Tavdapirvelad RvTismsaxureba saqarTveloSi, rogorc sxvaqveynebSi, Cans, berZnulad aResruleboda, am dros mTargmnelebiwmida werilis nawyvetebs xalxs zepirad uTargmnidnen. magramimisaTvis, raTa qristianobas daepyro xalxis suli da guli,aucilebeli iyo wmida werilis qarTuli damwerlobiTaxmovaneba. am problemas, Cans, Rrmad Seimecnebda qarTulieklesiis ierarqia. Camoyalibda idea iqamde qarTvel qurumTawreSi arsebuli anbanis daxvewisa da axali saanbano sistemisSeqmnisa, qristianobis samsxurSi misi Cayenebisa. am ideiT, Cans,samefo karic dainteresda. guliTadi muSaobis Sedegad, uTuodRvTivgamocxadebiT, restavrirda qarTuli anbani, romelsacamJamad xucuri-asomTavruli ewodeba. anbanis xelaxaligacocxlebis Semdeg qarTul damwerlobas qarTveli xalxi,xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze, iyenebs viTarca umTavres iaraRsTavisi kulturisa da TviTSemecnebis dasacavad. damwerlobisgacocxlebasTan erTad saqarTveloSi ganviTarda werilobiTi,Targmnili da originaluri literatura, Camoyalibda qarTulisaliteraturo ena. yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom IV-V saukuneebisqarTuli saliteraturo ena, dResac ki, aTasxuTasi wlis Semdegadvilad gasagebia ara mxlod momzadebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis,aramed skolis moswavleebisaTvisac ki.

vin xelmZRvanelobda mTargmnelobiT muSaobas, vin iyvnenpirveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, ra garemoebam Seuwyo xeliIV-V saukuneebSi qristianuli moSurneobis, suliskveTebis,aRtkinebis atmosferos Seqmnas, romlmis gareSec ar iSvebodaqarTuli kulturis oqros saukuneebi?

sazogadod CvenTvis gacilebiT ufro cnobilia mTargmnelTameore - X-XI saukuneebSi moRvawe Taobis vinaoba, vidre pirveli- IV-V saukuneebisa.

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aRsaniSnavia, rom IV-V saukuneebis saqarTvelos xelmwifiskari da eklesia qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi aarsebdnen RaribTaTavSesafrebs, obolTa saxlebs, saavadmyofoebs, saqvelmoqmedodawesebulebebs, rogorc amas miuTiTeben wyaroebi, romelTacqvemoT ganvixilavT. xalxSi nergavdnen qristianul zneobas.akrZales axlo naTesavTa qorwineba, loToba, garyvnileba,kaciskvla. am dros safuZveli ecleba monaTmflobelobas daTandaTan inergeba patronymoba, rac patronsa da ymas Sorissiyvaruls, sitkboebiT urTierTmopyrobas gulisxmobda, yoveliveamis safuZveli unda yofiliyo CvenSi qristianobasTan erTadSemosuli monazvnuri suliskveTeba, esaa Cveni ganxilvis Tema.

meoTxe saukuneSi monazvnoba Zalze gavrcelda romisimperiaSi. amis mizezad miiCneva is, rom saxelmwifosgaqristianebis Sedegad (milanis ediqtis Semdeg) eklesia gaivsoyofili warmarTebiT, ramac Secvala religiur-zneobrivicxovreba morwmuneebisa. adamianebi, romelTac surdaT TavianTcxovrebaSi gaetarebinaT maRali saxarebiseuli idealebiwyvetdnen kavSirs qveyanasTan, da midiodnen gandegilebadudabnosa da dausaxlebel adgilebSi.

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebadgamocxadebisa da xalxis moqcevis Semdeg, wyaroTa cnobiT,monaznoba warmoadgenda zneobriobis sayrden uZlieres Zalas,RvTis madlisaken xalxis momaqcevels.

iyo Tu ara cnobili saqarTveloSi monazvnoba IV-VsaukuneebSi, SeeZlo Tu ara mas raime gavlena hqonoda mTelxalxze, hqondaT Tu ara qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi monastrebi?

k.kekeliZis azriT, saqarTveloSi samonastro cxovreba iwyeba`aTcamet asurel mamaTa mosvlis Semdeg VI s. naxevridan.manamdis asketurad ganwyobili qarTvelebi sazRvargareTpoulobdnen TavSesafars~ (k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli lit.istoria, I, gv. 544). maT ricxvSi k.kekeliZe asaxelebs petreqarTvels (ibers - 411-491 ww.) da evagre pontoels (346-399). amukanasknelis qarTuli warmoSoba berZnul da kopturliteraturaSia damowmebuli (iqve, gv. 544).

k.kekeliZis azri, rom samonastro cxovreba CvenSi daiwyoVI s-dan amJamad sayovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli, magram zogierTiwyaros analizi iZleva safuZvels gamoiTqvas Tvalsazrisi,rom saqarTveloSi asketur cxovrebas safuZveli Caeyara ufro

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adre, IV saukuneSi wmida ninos qadagebaTa Semdeg. TviT wmidanino ganekuTvneboda gandegil qalwulTa samonastro Temiswres. es Cans ̀ wmida ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi redaqciidan,amasTanave, saqarTveloSi arsebul asketur suliskveTebas IVs-Si aRweren petre iberis biografebi. amasTan dakavSirebiTSeiZleba daisvas aseTi kiTxva, wmida ninis cxovrebis redaqciawamdvilad gadmogvcems Tu ara IV s-is viTarebas, da wmidaninos qadagebaTa droisaTvis iyo Tu ara saerTod romisimperiaSi gavrcelebuli asketuri suliskveTeba?

wmida ninos cxovrebis Cvenamde moRweul redaqciebs aqamdeakuTvnebdnen IX-X saukuneebs, magram mecnierebaTa doqtormamarine CxartiSvilma damajereblad gaarkvia, rom igi IV saukunisZeglia, Cawerili wmida ninos mowafis mier. rac Seexebasamonazvno suliskeTebas, igi swored wmida ninos dros Zalzediyo gavrcelebuli romis imperiaSi. sulieri srulyofilebismizniT qalebi da kacebi cdilobdnen aResrulebinaT wmidasaxarebiseuli qadageba: ̀ Tu gsurs rom srulyofili iyo, wadigayide Seni qoneba, daurige Raribebs, da geqneba saunje zecaSi,mere modi da me gamomyevi~ (maTe, 19,21). gansakuTrebiT ki pavlesgamonaTqvami ̀ ucolo kaci ufalze zrunavs, rogor asiamovnosufals... qalwuli uflisaze zrunavs, raTa sxeuliT da suliTacwmida iyos~ (I kor, 7, 32-35). ukve pirvel saukuneebSive debdnenqalwulobis aRTqmas, magram III saukunidan man ufro masiurixasiaTi miiRo, qalwulebi, romelnic wina saukuneebSi TavianTojaxebSi cxovrobdnen, III saukunidan cdiloben daSorebodnenojaxs, qveyanas da gasuliyvnen udabnoSi. monazoni sworedmarto myofel, gandegils gulisxmobda. antoni didi (251-356)pirveli Seudga Tavis garSemo udabnoSi gasul gandegilTaSekrebas. paxomi didma (282-346) organizaciuli saxe miscagandegilTa Tems. pirveli qalTa monasteric paxomi didsdauarsebia Tavisi dis mariasaTvis, magram arsebobs cnobasirieli mwerlis afraatisa, rom iqamdec arsebobda gandegilqalwulTa (qalTa da kacTa) Zmuri kavSirebi anu Temebi. romliswevrebsac dadebuli hqondaT uqorwineblobis aRTqma. sworedaseTi Temis wevri unda yofiliyo wmida nino. mematianeqalwulTa am kavSirs - monasters uwodebs da zustad gadmogvcemsIV saukunis msoflio eklesiaSi arsebul viTarebas. im qalwulgandegilTa TemSi, romelTac uqorwineblobis aRTqma hqondaT

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dadebuli da ekuTvnoda wmida nino, iyo 52 qalwulze meti.isini ase afasebdnen TavianT mdgomareobas - `Rirsi qebisamartoebiT cxovreba~. mematiane wers e.w.rifsimian qalwulTaSesaxeb: `moixsenes maT ubiwo igi aRTqma da Rirsi qebisamartoebiT cxovreba, romelsa igi iyvnes ganswavlul... erTobiTganzraxviTa dauteves qveyana igi farulad ormocdaTormetmansulman~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 82). wmida nino aRizardaasketTa ojaxSi, mama misi zabuloni gandegilTa wres ekuTvnoda,ganSorda cols `da wavida wiaR iordanesa, kacTa maT TanavelurTa~ (q.c., I, gv. 77). e.i. udabnoSi, manamde ki Tavisi qonebaglaxakebs dauriga, aseve ganSorda ojaxs deda wm. ninosi -susana, igi dadga `msaxurad glaxakTa dedaTa da uZlurTa~(iqve, gv. 77). TviTon wmida ninoc 12 wlisa ganSorda ojaxs dadedamisis msgavsad ̀ emsaxureboda~ sxvebs, kerZod, ̀ wmida ninomsaxurobda niaforsa~ (iqve, 77).

Semdeg igi, rogorc aRvniSneT, romSi SeuerTdaaRTqmadadebul qalwulTa wres. man ̀ ipovna rifsime da dedamZuZemisi gaiane monastersa Sina qalwulTa, romelTa qristesaRsarebisaTvis suroda da elodes ierusalimiT naTlisRebasa~(q.c., I, gv. 80). am qalwulTa monasterSi wmida ninom ori welidahyo. qalwulebma ̀ xelsa queSe wmidisa ninosa naTel iRes~(iqve, gv. 81).

rogorc motanili masalidan Cans, saqarTveloSimonazvnobis pirveli mqadagebeli wmida nino iyo. somxeTSiSeltolvil rifsimian qalwulTa wamebis Semdeg (300 wels),wmida nino, vaxtan goilaZis azriT, 303 wels SemovidasaqarTveloSi. mis qadagebas ara mxolod mouqcevia qarTvelixalxi. aramed Caunergavs asketuri suliskveTebac. es kargadCans petre iberis biografiidan. rogorc petre iberisbiografebi amtkiceben, isini petres mowafeebi, TviTmxilvelnida yuriTmsmenelni iyvnen. amitomac isini, miuxedavad TavianTisarwmunoebrivi orientaciisa, sinamdviliT aRweren petressiymawvilisas saqarTveloSi arsebul sarwmunoebriv viTarebas.

Tu rogori asketuri suli danerga wmida ninomsaqarTveloSi Cans iqidan, rom IV saukuneSive papa petre iberisa,bakuri didi, misi meuRle duxtia TavianTi mefobis drosmonazvnur (asketur) cxovrebas eweodnen. erTmaneTSi dadesSeTanxmeba xorcieli kavSiris uaryofisa ramdenime SvilisgaCenis Semdeg (georgigika, II, 1965, gv. 250). bakur mefes ioane

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rufusis (petres biografis) Txzulebis asurul enazemTargmneli ̀ qarTvelTa pirvel qristian mefes~ uwodebs, bakurizedmiwevniT marxulobda, loculobda da gascemda mowyalebas.sasaxlidan Tavisi xeliT mihqonda kalaTebiT saWmeli RaribTaTavSesafarSi, Tavisi xeliT aWmevda maT. misma meuRlem, dedofalma,Caicva balnisagan damzadebuli samosi, gayida oqros nivTebi daRaribebs dauriga. petres mamis bozmariosis Tanamedrovearsiliosi qalwulobis aRTqmis dacvas cdilobda (georgika, II,gv. 251). petres aRmzrdeli `ZuZo iseTi wmida iyo, rom RamiTdgeboda da qarTulad loculobda, ise tiroda, rom netarpetres cremlebiT asvelebda~. petres deda, daqvrivebis Semdeg,qalaqidan gavida, soflad cxovrobda asketurad, gzajvaredinzeagebda ucxoTa TavSesafrebs, saavadmyofoebs, man Caicva ̀ monazoniskaba~ (georgika, II, gv. 251).

rogorc aqedan Cans saqarTveloSi IV saukunis II naxevarSivegamjdari iyo asketuri suli, rogorc mematiane ambobs ̀ asketobada nazareveloba~, ̀ nazarevelobaSi~ - monazvnoba igulisxmeboda.es iyo ̀ mociqulis sityviT rom vTqvaT - ̀ wvaleba, gaWirveba,Seviwroeba, devnuloba, marxuloba, RamisTeva, gvemuloba,winaaRmdegobasTan brZola~ (georgika, II, gv. 254).

am mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTareba ar gansxvavdebodaromis imperiaSi arsebul viTarebisagan. kerZod, konstantinopolissaimperatoro sasaxleSi ̀ mTeli jalaboba cxovrobda rogorcmonasterSi, dros atarebda locvasa da marxulobaSi, RamiT dadRisiT mRvdelmsaxurebaSi, yvelafer amis Semxedvare ymawvili(momavali petre iberi) ainTo vnebiT, rac saxlidanve (e.i.saqarTvelodan) hqonda motanili, Tavisi mSoblebidan -siyvaruli RvTisadmi, aRfrTovanebiT da asketurobiT. Tavissxeulze atarebda balnis samosel ZaZas, garedan ki brwyinvalesamosi ecva~ (iqve, gv. 256).

rogorc vxedavT ara Tu V saukuneSi, aramed IV saukuneSicsuli ̀ nazarevelobisa~ anu monazvnobisa saqarTveloSi iseTivesaxisa iyo, rogorc mTel bizantiis imperiaSi. amitomac CvenSiarsebobda pirobebi IV da V saukuneebSi monastrebis daarsebisa,asureli mamebis CvenSi Semosvlamde. amas miuTiTebs kidecvaxtang gorgasalis mematiane.

vaxtang mefem V saukunis II naxevarSi, Tavis erisTavs,artavazs, `ubrZana, raTa gamonaxos xevsa mas Sina adgili

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samonastre da aRaSenos eklesia, da qmnes monasterad, viTarcaexilnes monasterni saberZneTisani~ (q.c., I, gv. 178). `xoloartavaz aRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri, romelic arisopiza da samni eklesiani: daba merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa~(iqve, gv. 178).

pirveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi

swored es ganwyobileba da suliskveTeba edo safuZvladaRniSnul xanaSi qarTulad wmida werilis gadmoRebas, Targmnas.am mxriv Cvens gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs V s-is Inaxevari. am dros moRvawe qarTuli mTargmnelebi asketebiunda yofiliyvnen msgavsad evagri pontoelisa da petre iberisa.safiqrebelia, rom Tu TviTon petre iberi ar iyo erT-erTixelmZRvaneli qarTvel mTargmnelTa pirveli pleadisa, misisamefo ojaxis kari mainc iyo xelisSemwyobi pirvel qarTvelmTargmnelTa moRvawobisa. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom petreiberis winaprebisa da TviTon misi axalgazrdobis saxelimoxsenebulia dRemde aRmoCenilTagan qronologiurad erT-erT upirveles palestinis qarTuli monastris mozaikurwarwerebSi. am warweraSi moxseniebuli unda iyos agreTveqarTvel mTargmnelTa pirveli pleadis yvelaze gamoCenilpirTa saxelebic. saerTod, mwignobroba, wignis kiTxva - monazonissaqme iyo. petre maT moZRvravda: ̀ viTarca mtili mzvarisa (e.i.baRi) urwyavi ganxmebis da unayofo iqmnebis, egreTve gonebamonazonisai unayofo ars Tvinier wignis kiTxvisa da smenisaswavlaTa sulierTa~ (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit.Zegl., II, 1967, gv. 255).

biograf zaqarias cnobiT, romelic qarTlidanve gahyoliaucxoeTSi monazvnad wasul petres, patara murvaniosisaqarTveloSi sami wlis asakidan `misces samwignobred dadaiswava man yovelive swavlai da gulisxmisyofiT aRmoikiTxavnwmidaTa werilTa da iwurTin marad dRe da Rame~ (iqve, gv. 217).

murvanosi dabadebula 411 wels (sxva mosazrebiT - 409wels), misi sami wlis asakSi e.i. 414-415 wlisaTvis, qarTuladukve arsebobda wmida werilis Targmanebi, Tu romelime sxvaenaze daweril wignebs aswavlidnen patara murvanoss?

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petre iberis meore biografi ioane rufusad saxeldebuliavtori wers, rom petres gamzrdeli qarTulad loculobdaSemdegi sityvebiT: ̀ ufalo ieso, RmerTo Cemo, Cemi sicocxlisSemqmnelo, Semibrale me~ (georgika, II, gv. 251). qarTulad, cxadialocvebi arsebobda, magram iyvnen Tu ara isini CawerilniqarTuladve? petres biografebi, romelnic kargad icnobdnenpetres siymawvilis garemos, weren, rom berZnuli da asurulienebi petrem qarTlSi ar icoda, aramed iswavla konstantinopolsada ierusalimSi. es araa gasakviri, radganac igi mxolod 12wlisa gaemgzavra ucxeTSi. mematiane wers, petremkonstantinopolSi `daiswavla enaÁ berZnuli da swavlaÁ~(Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, gv.224), xolo ierusalimSi ̀ iswavla enaÁ da swavlaÁ asurebrivi~(iqve, gv. 224).

maSasadame, V s. aTian wlebSi patara petre ibers saRmrTowerils ar aswavlidnen arc berZnul da arc asurul enebze,Cans, unda eswavla qarTulad. aRsaniSnavia, rom somxuri anbanimxolod 406 wels Seqmna mesrop maStocma. rogorc petre iberisbiografiidan SeiZleba gavigoT, wmida werilis raRac nawiliqarTulad im droisaTvis ukve arsebobda da, Cans, Cawerili iyoqarTuli asoebiTve. swored mas kiTxulobda `dRe da Ram~ 9wlis manZilze (3 wlidan 12 wlamde) patara petre saqarTveloSi.rogorc iTqva, amitomac araa SemTxveviTi, rom mis mier aSenebulmonasterSi aRmoCnda qarTuli warwerebi, erT-erTi uZvelesidRemde cnobil warweraTa Soris. am warwerebSi naxsenebiarian antoni, abai da iosia. isini SesaZlebelia iyvnen wmidawerilis pirvelmTargmnelTa pleadis wevrebi. am mosazrebisgamoTqmis uflebas gvaZlevs Semdegi garemoeba, saqarTvelospatriarqi kalistrate cincaZe ikvlevda pirvelqarTvelmTargmnelTa vinaobas da igi arqeologTa mier palestinisqarTuli warwerebis aRmoCenamde TiTqmis naxevari saukuniTadre werda: ̀ petre maiumelis mier agebul monasterSi undamieRoT TavSesafari pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs samSoblosgareT - stefanesa da daviTs... amave monasterSi unda ecxovraTda emoRvawaT sxva mTargnelebs antonsa da sabas, romelTasaxelebic moixsenieba wm. giorgi mTawmidelis piradad mcnobis,efrem kiriles Zis CanawerSi (Gfktcnbycrbb c,jhybr, X, c= 181)~(saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 176).

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maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobiliiyo pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa saxelebi, eseni iyvnen: daviT,stefane, antoni da saba. palestinis qarTul warwerebSiixseniebian: antoni, abai da iosia. miiCneva, rom aba antoni iyoabati anu winamZRvari. Tumca SesaZloa aq iyo ori kacissaxeli antoni da aba, mesame ki aris iosia. maT monastrisiatakis dagebisaTvis uzruniaT, Tumca ki Zveli qarTuli cnobebiT,isini mTargmnelebi yofilan. maSasadame, SeiZleba gamoiTqvasvaraudi, rom palestinis qarTvelTa monastris warwerebmaSemogvinaxa erT-erTi pirveli mTargmnelebis saxelebi - antonisada abaisa, anu igive sabasi (`abai~ - Zveleburi saxelia,romlisaganac aris nawarmoebi gvari abaiSvili da sxva gvarebi).

cxadia, IV-V saukuneebSi unda eRvawa mTargmnelTa ara erT,aramed ramdenime Taobas, is Targmanebi, romliTac swavlobdapetre iberi siWabukis wlebSi, albaT veRar akmayofilebdagazrdil moTxovnilebebs, yovelSemTxvevaSi, k.kekeliZis Tanaxmad,476-483 wlebisaTvis, roca qarTulad daiwera wm. SuSanikismartviloba ̀ saRmrTo werili ukve karga xani Targmnili iyoqarTulad~ (k.kekeliZe, I, gv. 90). es Targmna, misi azriT,saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda, magram ierusalims gansakuTrebulimniSvneloba eniWeboda. k.p. kalistrates sityviT, Zveli qarTulitradicia, pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa samoRvaweo aredsaqarTvelos garda miiCnevda ierusalims.

ioane lazi - qarTuli samwerlo enis saTaveebTan

qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia petre ibers akavSirebdaqarTvel mTargmnelobiT skolasTan. am skolis wevri undayofiliyo petres moZRvari da aRmzrdeli, ganuyreli megobariioane lazi. s.yauxCiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, ioane lazi iyokolxeTis cnobili ritorikuli skolis warmomadgeneli,ramdenime aTeuli wliT petre iberze ufrosi. ioane laziqarTul saeklesio saRvTismetyvelo anbanis fuZismdebelTada mTargmnelTa wris aqtiur wevrad unda vigulisxmoT, saerTod,V saukunis I naxevris qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi skolismeTaurad Tu ara liderad mainc miaCnda petre iberiZvelqarTul istoriografias. miT umetes, misi moZRvari daaRmzrdeli ioane lazi am wres ganekuTvneboda. s.yauxCiSvili

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maT agebulad miiCnevs palestinis im qarTul monasters, sadacaRmoCnda uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi. ioane lazis da petreiberis, saerTod, dasavlel da aRmosavlel qarTvelTa aqtiururTierTTanamSromlobis Sedegad unda Camoyalibebuliyo issaocari Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena, romelic moicavdasruliad saqarTveloSi arsebul dialeqtebs da iqvemdebarebdamaT. rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi saeklesio, RvTismsaxurebis,saliteraturo da kulturis enas warmoadgenda mxolodZvelqarTuli ena. saqarTveloSi arasodes Seqmnila raimeTxzuleba anda ubralo warwerac ki, romelime dialeqtze andaromelime kuTxur enaze. aseTi enebi da dialeqtebi ki Zveldros albaT mravlad unda yofiliyo. magram saqarTveloSiarsebuli enebi da dialeqtebi im droisaTvis, 1500 wlis win,erTmaneTTan Zalze axlos unda yofiliyvnen da erTmaneTisagannaklebi gansxvaveba unda hqonodaT, vidre maT axla aqvT. rogorccnobilia, erT dros qarTuli, megruli da svanuri enebi erTenobriv mTlianobas qmnidnen, mxolod Semdgom, aTaswleulTamanZilze daSordnen isini erTmaneTs. farnavazis mier erTiani,dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli saxelmwifoswarmoSobis, mociqulTa qadagebaTa da qarTuli saliteraturoenis Camoyalobebis dros, Cans, mTel saqarTveloSi jer kidevesmodaT is erTiani ena, romelic safuZvlad dasdebiaRvTismsaxurebas. ivane javaxiSvil wers, rom am saliteraturoenis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miuRia dasavleT saqarTvelosqarTvelobas, romlis realur warmomadgenladac ioane laziunda vigulisxmoT. mecnieri werda - `qarTvel ers Tavismravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi da samwerlo enac hqondada abadia dResac, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisTvisacerTaderTi samwerlo da kulturis ena iyo da aris dResac,romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTiwvlili aqvT Setanili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. I, 1979, gv. 154).

kidev ufro meti, jer kidev warmarTobis dros, e.i. IVsaukunemde yvela qarTul tomTaTvis, maT Soris, samegrelosada svaneTSic kultmsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli ena. ivanejavaxiSvili wers: ̀ cxadia xdeba, rom aramcTu sazogadod yvelaqarTvel tomTaTvis. maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvis saerTowarmarToba arsebobda, aramed warmarTobis saerToterminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~ (iqve, gv. 154). raiyo amis mizezi?~ rogorc aRiniSna, protoqarTveluri TandaTan

12

daiSala, jer mas, rogorc fiqroben, gamoeyo svanuri ena, erTienis adgilas miRebuli iqna ori ena: eseni iyvnen e.w. zan-qarTuli ena da svanuri ena. zan qarTuli ena Semdgom daiSalaaseve or enad - megrul da qarTul enebad. am erTobis daSlisdasawyisad miiCneva qristeSobamde VIII saukune (saq. ist. narkevevi,I, gv. 338).

TiTqmis amave xanaSi, qristeSobamde IV-III saukuneebSiCamoyalibda dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcvelifarnavazis saxelmwifo. farnavazis reformaTa Sedegad amsaxelmwifoSi sxva enebi ̀ ar izraxeboda, Tvinier qarTulisaenisa~. im droindeli qarTuli ena unda yofiliyo jer kidevTiTqmis dauSleli e.w. ̀ zan-qarTuli~ ena. Cans, es ena daedosafuZvlad Zvel qarTul warmarTul kultmsaxurebas, Semdegki qarTul saqristiano RvTismsaxurebas, sabolod ki ZvelqarTul saliteraturo enas. Zveli qarTuli saliteraturoena amozrdili unda yofiliyo e.w. zan-qarTuli enidan. maSa-sadame, Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena aRmocenda ara qarTisdialeqtis bazidan, aramed im droisaTvis jer kidev TiTqmismTlian, TiTqmis dauSlel zan-qarTuli enidan. amis gamo iyo,rom Zveli qarTuli ena ar ganekuTvneboda arc erT dialeqts,arc-erT regions, igi warmoadgenda dialeqtebze maRla mdgomsaerTo enas, romelic pirvel saukuneebSive gasagebi iyo yvelaqarTvelisaTvis, maT Soris megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis.Tavidanve igi iyo sakraluri, wminda, locvisa da urTierTobisena. amitomac dganan ioane lazi da sxva dasavleli qarTvelimoRvaweebi (SesaZloa evagre pontoelic) qarTuli samwerloda kulturis enis Seqmna-SemuSavebis saTaveebTan.

am didi samuSaos centrebi iyvnen monastrebi saqarTvelosada palestinaSi. petre iberma da ioane lazma ierusalimsa dapalestinaSi ramdenime monasteri aaSenes, monastri aaSenesegvipteSic ki. biografi zaqaria wers, rom ierusalimSi petrem daioanem `aRaSenes saxli sastumroi qalaqsa Sida da moamzadesferxTa sabaneli, tablai, da cxedari da ganusvenes ucxoTa~ (ZveliqarTuli agiograf. lit. Zeglebi, II, gv. 229), ̀ merme warvides udabnodda Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRaSenes monasteri (iqve, gv. 229). mas`hqvian qarTvelTa monasteri~ ucxo wyaroebi mas ̀lazTa monasters~uwodeben. iberi da lazi im droisaTvis sinonimebi iyvnen. aqdakrZales ioane lazi. iqamde ki maT ̀ iordanes pirsa adgilsa

13

udabnosa iSenes monasteri~, egvipteSi `udabnosa mas aRaSeneseklesiai da garemos monasteri~ (iqve, gv. 235). ierusalimSi dabrunebisSemdeg ki `kualad aRaSenes qalaqsa saxli sastumroi da iwyesSenebad eklesiisa~ (iqve, gv. 235). monofizitebis devnisagandabrunebis Semdeg ̀ gareSe qalaqisa aRaSena monasteri da eklesiaSuenieri, Sekribna Zmani mravalni da ganuwesa maT wesi da kanonisulieri da saRmrTo~ (iqve, gv. 247).

ierusalimisaken qarTvelTa ltolvas wmida ninos drosunda Cahyroda safuZveli. ierusalimSi gaemgzavrnen misimSoblebi, iq apirebdnen gamgzavrebas wm. ninos rifsimianiqalwulebi. wmida ninos qadagebaTa Sedegad qarTvelTa mefemirians ierusalimSi augia monasteri im adgilas, sadacgadmocemis Tanaxmad mouWriaT xe, romlisaganac gakeTebuljvarze gaakres macxovari. ̀ cxovelmyofelisa juarisa adgilsa~mgdari jvris monasteri petre ibers ganuaxlebia vaxtanggorgasalis dros.

petre iberis biografebi

petre iberi mis Tanamedrove adamianebs wmidanad miaCndaT.mematianis sityviT, petre ibersa da ioane lazs ierusalimisaken`win uZRodaT sueti naTlisai~. qarTuli eklesia XVIII saukunisII naxevramde mas moixseniebda 2 dekembers, radganacmarTlmadideblad Tvlida. sinamdvileSi vin iyo petre iberi,marTlmadidebeli anu qalkedoniti Tu monofiziti~?

Cvenamde moRweulia petre iberis ramdenime biografiadawerili TviT mis mowafeTa mier. am biografiebs, mkvlevarTaazriT erTi wyaro unda hqondes. safiqrebelia, rom daiweraerTi biografia, romelic Semdeg gadakeTebul iqna sxvadasxvasarwmunoebis aRmsarebelTa mier TavianTi rwmenis Sesabamisad,xolo avtoroba sxvadasxva pirebs moaweres.

ioane rufuss, petres mowafes, V s. bolos Tu VI s. dasawyisSi(500-518 wlebSi) dauweria petre iberis biografia berZnulenaze. dedani dakargulia, darCenilia VI s-Si Sesrulebulisiriuli Targmani (s.yauxCiSvili, qarTlis cxovrebis moculobada Sedgeniloba, q.c. I, gv. 032), unda vifiqroT, rom siriulad amoriginalis mTargmneli monofiziti iyo, amitomac petre

14

monofizitad warmoaCina. aseve dakargulia misi meore biografiszaqaria ritoris berZnulenovani dedani, darCenilia misiasuruli Targmani kompilatoris mier Sesrulebuli 554-555wlebSi (s.yauxCiSvili, zaqaria reqtori, georgika, III, 1936 w., gv.VII). mTargmneli da kompilatori monofizitebi undayofiliyvnen. yvelaze ufro sandod, qarTul eklesiaSi TiTqmisaTaswleulis manZilze miaCndaT petres mowafis zaqarias mierasurul enaze dawerili Sroma, romelic qarTulad uTargmniamakari xucess, mesxs. es zaqaria petres konstantinopolsa daierusalimSi gahyolia qarTlidanve, icnobda mas siWabukidansikvdilamde. misi cnobebiT, petre iyo qalkedoniti,marTlmadidebeli. marTlac, samive avtorTan daculi cnobebiTiTqosda ufro imas miuTiTebs, rom petre ar iyo monofiziti,da aRiarebda imave sarwmunoebrv mimarTulebas, romelsac misdros mxars uWerda konstantinopolis samefo kari da kaTolikee.i. imJamindeli sayovelTao anu msoflio eklesia. kerZod,TviT ioane rufusidan Cans, rom monofizit Razis mcxovreblebs,romelTac petre Seipyres da Seborkili miiyvanes episkoposadsakurTxeblad, petre Zalze ewinaaRmdegeboda, surda gadavardnasimaRlidan da dasaxiCreba, ketavda saxlis karebsa da urdulebs,am dros mematianes sityviT Razelebi yaCaRTa urdosaviT eqceodapetres, iZulebiT kurTxevis Semdeg petre ar asrulebdaliturgias, Caiketa oTaxSi, undoda gaqceva, ramac ise aRaSfoTaRazelebi, rom undodaT eklesiis gadawva, Semdeg petre gaiqcaegvipteSi, sadac imaleboda da Tavs irCenda Tavisi SromiT,kerZod, qsovda badeebs da Tavis xeliT yidda (georgika, II, gv.285-286). igives wers zaqaria ritoric, kerZod, roca monofizitmaierusalimelma patriarqma episkoposad iZulebiT akurTxa petre,misi survilis winaaRmdeg, petrem Tavisi Tavi gamoacxadaeretikosad (e.i. qalkedonitad), radganac monofizitebisaTvisqalkedonitebi eterikosebi iyvnen (georgika, III, 1936, gv. 4). rocaierusalimSi ukan dabrunda ierusalimis qalkedoniti patriarqiiubinali, man yvela episkoposi gadaayena petres garda. ratom?Cans, petres qalkedonituri mimarTulebis gamo, qalkedonitTamxardamWerma samefo ojaxmac daicva petre ̀ keisris brZanebiTpetre xeluxlebeli darCa~ (iqve, gv. 5).

rogorc Cans, petre mxars uWerda zenonis henotikons,romelsac maSin aRiarebda kaTolike (e.i. sayovelTao, msoflio)eklesiac. mxolod Semdgom, ukve petres sikvdilis Semdeg

15

xangrZlivi kamaTi monofizitebTan damTavrda qalkedonitTagamarjvebiT.

qarTulad SemorCenili petres mowafis zaqarias cnobiT,petre iberi iyo Tavdadebuli qalkedoniti marTlmadidebeli.aseTive iyo misi ojaxis wevrebic ki - `ese ukue mefe varaz-bakur iyo marTlmadidebeli da didad RmrTis msaxuri mamis-mameulad da mxurvale sarwmunoebasa zeda~ (Zveli qarT. agiog.literaturis Zeglebi, II, 1967, gv. 215). mis mixedviT petre maiumisepiskoposad akurTxes qalkedonis krebamde (magram TanamedrovemecnierTa mier aRiarebulia, rom petre maiumis episkoposadakurTxes 452 wels, kalkedonis krebis Semdeg), e.i. safuZveliecleba petres monofizit episkoposad gamocxadebas, biografiscnobiT, qalkedonis momxre petre ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdegeseverianelebsa da iakobitebs (iqve, gv. 243). CvenebiT ixilarogor sjida ufali monofizitebs. marTlmadideblebs kiangelozebi ̀ aRiyvandes suliTa zecad~ (gv. 444). monofizitebsundodaT petres mokvla, petrem mkvlelebs kari ar gauRouflis xmis gagonebis Semdeg (gv. 245). man ganicadamonofizitebisagan devna, misi Tanamgzavri am dros iyo mematiane(gv. 245), romelic wers, rom me `zaqaria mowafe viyavi misiqarTliTganve, ukana Sevudeg wmidasa mas vidre micvalebamdemisa, aRvwere cxovreba misa da saswaulni TvaliTa CemiTaxilulni da yuriTa smenilni~ (iqve, gv. 262).

petre ukve V saukunidanve aris `samkauli da siqaduliqarTvelTa~ (iqve, gv. 263) TiTqosda Semdegi drois (XVIII-XXs.s.) qarTvelebs mematiane eubneba, rom petres monofizitadgamocxadebiT, Seirya Teoria qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebisSesaxeb, misi biografiis mTargmneli werda - ̀ vinaiTgan eqadagaqadageba igi wmidisa qristes saxarebisa mociqulisa andriasmier queyanasa, mas qarTlisasa, viTarca daswers nikita saRmrToi,da ukanasknel moivlina dedai nino mieriTgan arRara odesmidrekil ars queyanaÁ qarTlisaÁ wmidisa da marTlisasarwmunmoebisagan, arca movdrkeT ukunisamde~ (iqve, gv. 216).

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monofizitobis gaZiereba XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi dapetre iberis xsenebis gauqmeba

petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvi Seitanes mxolodXVIII-XIX s-Si. ra unda yofiliyo amis mizezi? saqme isaa, rommxolod qarTul biografiaSi Cans misi marTlmadidebloba,yvela zemoaRniSnuli ucxouri biografiis mixedviT igimonofizitia. rogoc Cans, XVIIII s-Si, romelic CvenSi cnobilia,rogorc saqarTveloSi monofizituri agresiis saukune (XVIIIsaukunis pirvel naxevarSi dapyrobil saqarTveloSi sparseTidevnida qarTul (e.i. marTlmadideblur) eklesias da abatonebdasomxur anu monofizitur eklesias), am dros, Cans, CvenSi cnobiligaxda, rom ucxour wyaroTa Tanaxmad petre monofizitad iyocnobili. es ucxouri wyaroebi somexma swavlulebma gamoiyensqarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod (e.i. qarTvelebs umtkicebdnen,rom petre iberi monofozitebs emxroboda am sarwmunoebissisworis gamo), amitomac, Cans, qarTvelebma kalendridan amoiRespetre iberis xseneba da misi saxelic amoSales. xolo racSeexeba qarTul saeklesio istoriografias (romlis daskvniTiSromebi CanarTis saxiT SehqondaT `qarTlis cxovrebis~krebulebSi) XIX s. Sua wlebamde igi petre ibers miiCnevdaqalkedonitad. erT-erTi aseTi bolo krebuli `qarTliscxovrebisa~ 1839 wliTaa daTariRebuli.

anton kaTolikosma 2 dekembers kalendarSi Seitana isewilknelis xseneba, romlis cxovreba dawerilia besarionkaTalikosis (1730-1736) mier. es ukanaskneli Tavisi dogmatikur-polemikuri TxzulebiT ̀ grdemli~ ebrZoda kaTolikobas daagreTve ebrZoda monofizitobasac.

XVIII saukunis qarTul istoriografiaSi petre iberismimarT damkvidrda ori midgoma. erTis mxriv, vaxtang VI-issamefo karma da swavlul kacTa komisiam saqarTvelos eklesiisupirveles saxelmZRvaneloSi `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ CarTopetre iberis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, rogorc qarTuli eklesiiserT-erTi upirvelesi wmidanisa, cxadia, viTarca marTlmadidebel-qalkedonitisa, meores mxriv, vaxtang VI-is memkvidreTamowinaaRmdege erekle Teimurazis momxre sasuliero dasmapiriqiT, wmida petre iberis xsenebis dRes 2 dekembers kalendarSiise wilknelis xseneba daawesa.

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osmalTa mier vaxtang VI-is gaZevebis Semdeg, vaxtangismomxre kaTalikosi domenti IV (1705-41) gaixizna, mis nacvladgamgebelma iesem daniSna besarion orbeliani, magram osamlebmaisev domenti daamtkices kaTlikosad, da igi 1725 wels osmaleTSigaiwvies, mis nacvlad kaTalikosad kvlav besarioni dadga.saqarTvelos eklesias mis dros faqtiurad ori kaTalikosihyavda. erTi stambolSi gawveuli domenti, meore ki mis adgilzemyofi besarioni. maT Soris politikuri xasiaTis dapirispirebaniarsebobda. ̀ besarioni didi megobari iyo iase mefisa da vaxtangVI-s mtrobda, amitom 1727 w. iases daxmarebiT nel-nela miimxroisay-faSa Seapara qrTami, miiRo kaTalikosoba~ (p. karbelaSvili,ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, 1990, gv. 139). rac petre iberispirovnebis Sefasebis sxvadasxvagvarobaSi gamoixata. Tu swavlulkacTa komisiam da vaxtang VI-m Zalze gazardes petre iberisavtoriteti, misma mowinaaRmdeg sasuliero dasma, rogorc iTqva,misi saxsenebeli kalendridan amoagdo. magram, Cans am qmedebasmTeli eklesia ar eTanxmeboda da petre iberis xseneba (ukve 3dekembers) XVIII s. II naxevris xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba, viTarcawmidanisa, magaliTad, aseTia xelnawerTa institutis e.w. ̀ axalifondis~ Q-646 xelnaweri. petre iberi, viTarca wmidani 3dekembers moixsenieba, rogorc iTqva, Q-646 da H-342 (1661 w.)xelnawerebSi, 2 dekembers A-193 (XI s.) da Q-661 (XVI s.) da sxvaxelnawerebSi.

sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom Cven ufro unda vendoTmarTlmadideblobis brwyinvale burjebs - XI da SemdegsaukuneTa moRvaweebs, romelTac petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSiodnavi eWvic ki ar SeqondaT, vidre politikur niadagzewarmoSobil XVIII s. moRvaweTa qmedebebs.

icnobdnen Tu ara petre iberis cxovrebas eqvTimemTawmindelamde? cnobebi moRweuli ar aris, magram undagaviTvaliswinoT sxva wmidanebis moxseniebis msgavsiSemTxvevebi. magaliTad, k.kekeliZe miiCnevda, rom ̀ cnoba ninosqadagebis Sesaxeb IX-X saukuneebSi ikidebs fexs CvenSi~(k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, gv. 335).k.kekeliZe cdeba, cnobebi wmida ninos Sesaxeb CvenSi cxadiaarsebobda IV saukunidanve, magram sxvadasxva mizezTa, maT SorisIX-X ss-mdeli Zvel xelnawerebis Cvenamde mouwvdomlobisgamo iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom ̀ cnoba wmida ninos qadagebis

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Sesaxeb CvenSi fexs ikidebs IX-X saukuneebSi~, msgavsia cnobebisxva wmindanebis Sesaxebac. amJamad cnobili zogierTi wmidaniscxovreba ucnobi iyo Zveli sazogadoebisaTvis, magaliTad,grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebi daviwyebuliiyo ukve XI saukuneSi, da mis Sesaxeb cnobebs eZebdnen, Tumca kiicodnen, rom aseTi wmidani arsebobda (ix. almanaxi ̀ mwignobari~,2000, gv. 185). magaliTad, misi xsenebis dRisaTvis erT xelnawerSiCauweriaT - ̀ oqtombersa xuTsa, wmidisa mamisa Cvenisa grigolixanZTelisa qarTvelTaganisa. ara viciT ra~ (q.tatiSvili, gr.xanZTelis ucnobi miniatura, mwignobari, 2000, gv. 185). XVII-XVIII saukuneebamde ar arsebobda wmida grigolis arc ̀ kanoni~(e.i. sagaloblebi) da arc ̀ gangeba~.

rogoc cobilia, eqvTime mTawmindelma 1011 wels Targmnagrigol romis papis ̀ dialoRoni~, romelSic moxseniebuliapetre iberielis ambavi. k.kekeliZis azriT, es petre SesaZlebeliaiyo ara qarTveli, aramed espaneli, magram TviTon wmida eqvTimesTvalsazrisiT, es petre iyo ̀ naTesaviT qarTveli~, romeliciyo `qarTlis qveyanaSi~ (ix. k.kekeliZe, Zv. qarTuliliteraturis istoria, gv. 203).

wmida eqvTime mTawmidelidan vidre XVIII s-mde danawilobriv dRemde miiCneva, rom romis pap grigol dioloRossswored wmida petre qarTvelis cxovreba hqonda aRwerili(Targmnili wm. eqvTimes mier), amitomac qarTlis cxovrebisCanarTSi wmida petres Sesaxeb naTqvamia - `rameTu aravinSemZlebel iyo qebad missa, garna grigoli dialoRi, patriarqiromisa, romel aRwera qeba misi wignsa Sina Tvissa~(Teimuraziseuli nusxa). amasve, imeorebs qarTlis cxovrebissxva (meore) CanarTic.

qarTvel eklesias mravali wmidani hyavs, magram SeiZlebaiTqvas, rom yvelas ara aqvs agiografiuli sakiTxavebi, cxovrebani,sagaloblebi da sxva. am mxriv petre iberis saeklesio-liturgikuli sakiTxavebi mTlianad srulyofilia. maTSiTiTqmis mudmivad gvxvdeba Txovani petre iberis mimarT, sadacmas uwodeben ̀ qarTvelTa siqaduls~, ̀ mnaTobs da brwyinvalebasqarTvelTa erisasa~, ̀ qarTvelTa erisa varskvlavs~. ̀ mnaTobadqveyanasa qarTvelisasa aRmoscendi~, `zRudeo morwmuneTaqarTvelTao~, ̀ ersa qarTvelTa, xsenebisa Senisa Semsxmeli dayoveli madidebeli Senni daicven gansacdelisagan~, aRmohxed

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Sen Zirisagan keTilTa mefeTa ... mieniWe RmrTisagan xarebiTaangelozisaiTa, viTarca didi winamorbedi~, ̀ ersa qarTvelTada mefesa Cvensa morwmunesa hfarevdi da meox gveyav CvenyovelTaTvis~, ̀ viSvebT qarTvelTa eri aRmocenebisa SenisaTvis~,dRes ganscxrebis ... eri qarTvelTa~ (areopagiteli krebuli,dionise areopageli da petre iberieli ZvelqarTul mwerlobaSi,gamosacemad momzada ivane lolaSvilma, 1982, gv. 173-191).

petre iberi iyo `mnaTobi qarTvelTa erisa~, es niSnavs,rom igi iyo sulieri winamZRvari, romlisakenac miiswrafodaqarTveli xalxi, XVIII s-Si ki moulodnelad aRmoaCines, romucxour wyaroebSi petre iberi monofizitobis burjad miiCneoda,am wyaroebs somexi da kaTolike misionerebi mTel qarTvelxalxSi mravlad avrcelebdnen, amiT saqarTveloSi monofiziturieklesiis avtoriteti kidev ufro mtkicdeboda, qarTvelebi immnaTobisaken miiswrafodnen, rac axla ukve maT gamonofizitebasuwyobda xels. es iyo ̀ sqolastikuri xafangi~, romelic qarTvelmorwmuneebs dauges somexma swavlulebma. evsevi nikolaZe wers- `XVIII s. dasawyisidan mxiTarianebis nawarmoebni Zliergavrceldnen somexTa Soris da misces saSualeba maTsamRvdeloebas saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa. evropelimwerlebis sqolasturi nawarmoebni, romlebic somxur enazegadmoiTargmna gaxdnen axal wyarod sarwmunoebrivi davisa,xerxianobam, romelic gansakuTrebiT aristoteles logikasemyareboda, somexTa misionrebis monofizituri propaganda,romelic winaT daiwyo, gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda areulobisdros saqarTveloSi, mefe ieses sikvdilis Semdeg, Teimirazmeoris qarTlSi gamefebamde (1724-1744) da umaRles wertilzeavida kaTalikos anton pirvelis mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi(1744-49). am propagandam didi zarali moutana marTlmadideblobassaqarTveloSi... mTeli xramis uReltexili, borCalos mazrada alaznis gaRma mxare savse iyo somexTa misionerebiT, romlebicsqolastikurad ganaTlebulni didad cdilobdnen, romsaqarTvelos politikur ubedurebas Tan mimatebodasarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba. somexTa mwvalebloba warmatebiTvrceldeboda qarTvelTa Soris...~ (e.nikolaZe, saqarTveloseklesiis istoria, 1918, gv. 144). miT umetes, rom am dros msoflioizolaciaSi myofi qarTveli moazrovneebi somexi swavlulebisSromaTa gacnobas Seudgnen evropuli civilizaciis aTvisebis

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mizniT konstantinopolis TurqTagan dapyrobis kvaldakval,kerZod, qarTvelebs somxuridan uTargmniaT simon julfaelisdialeqtika, ̀ kategoriani aristotelebrni~, mxiTar sevastielisgramatika, misive ritorika, prokle diadoxosis `kavSirniRvTismetyvelebiTni~, daviT uZlevelis `wigni sazRvarTa~,`porfori~, aristoteles naSromi da sxva. amasTanave, someximecnierebisa da swavlulebis mier gaxsnil skolebSiswavlobdnen Cveni marTlmadidebeli mRvdelmTavrebi. somexiavetik episkoposis mowafeni yofilan filipe yaiTmazaSvili(somexTa moZRvari), mdivanbegi ioane orbeliani, nikoloz mRvdelikaxTa mefis karisa, Tavis mxriv, am filipem somexTa moZRvarmafilosofiaSi aRzarda gaioz reqtori, dosiTeos nekreseliepiskoposi, oses Ze, nikoloz qiziyeli, anton cagerel-Wyondidelida sxv., varTapetma zaqaria madinaSvilma `aswava mravalTaqarTvelTa da somexTa safilofosofno werilni~, werda ioanebatoniSvili, TviTon antonic aRiarebda, rom mas zaqariam somexTamoZRvarma auxsna ̀ dafaruloba aristotelisa~. aseT viTarebaSi,roca evropul civilizaciasTan uSualod dkavSirebuli somxurimecniereba (magaliTad, mxiTaristebisa), wyaroebis damowmebiTkerZod ioane rufusis da zaqaria ritoris monofizituriredaqciebis daxmarebiT amtkicebda petre iberis monofozotobas,qarTvelebs ki ar SeeZloT am wyaroebis analizi, erTaderTigza iyo petre iberis xsenebis kalendridan amoReba, raTa, rogorciTqva, mas xeli ar Seewyo qarTvelTa gamonofizitebis procesiskidev ufro gaRrmavebisaTvis. antoni win aRudga monofizitobisgavrcelebas mecnieruli sityviT. ̀ vinaidan~ somexTa misionerebiTavis swavlas sqolastikasa da somxuri eklesiis istoriazeamyarebdnen, antoni iZulebuli gaxda gacnoboda am wyaroebslaTinur-somxur enaze da Semdeg somexi mwvaleblebisgansaqiqeblad dawera didi Txzuleba, romelsac ̀ mza metyveleba~uwoda. es nawarmoebi Seicavs monofozoturi moZRvrebis srulganqiqebas da masSi yoveli kaci ipovis mza pasuxs mwvalebelTayovel kiTxvaze~ (e.nikolaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 147).

amJamad, roca ukve cnobilia, rom ioane rufusis, petresbiografis, berZnuli dedani dakargulia da Cvenamde moRweuliamxolod VI saukunis siriuli Targmani, Sesrulebulimonofiziti redaqtoris mier, aseve, roca viciT, rom zaqariaritoris, petres meore biografis berZnulenovani dedani

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dakargulia da misi asuruli Targmania moRweuli Sesrulebulimonofiziti kompilatoris mier, rogorc iTqva, yvelaze sandodunda miviCnioT qarTul eklesiaSi aTaswleulis manZilzeaRiarebuli petres mowafis zaqarias mier dawerili Sroma,romlidanac naTlad Cans petres marTlmadidebluriaRmsarebloba ̀ iyo marTlmadidebeli da didad RmrTis msaxurimamis mameulad da mxurvale sarwmunoebasa zeda uflisa Cuenisaiesu qristessa, rameTu vinaiTgan eqadaga qadagebani igi wmidisaqristes saxarebisa wmidisa da didebulisa qristes mociqulisaandreas mier queyanasa mas qarTlisasa, viTarca dasweres nikitasaRmrToi filosofosi ̀ mimosvlasa Sina da qadagebaTa wmidisaandrea mociqulisaTa~, da ukanasknel miivlina wmida ninoqveyanasa misve qarTlisasa qristes mier da iswaves RmrTismsaxurebai da hrwmena wmida samebai da naTel-iRes saxelsazeda wmidisa samebisasa qadagebiTa miT wmidaTa mociqulTa,mierTagan arRara odes midrekil ars queyana igi qarTlisawmidisa da marTlisa saarwmunoebisagan da arca mivdrikeTukunisamde madliTave wmidisa samebisaiTa da meoxebiT yovladwmidis dedoflisa RmrTis-mSoblisaiTa sasoisa mis damfarvelisa CvenisaiTa~ (cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai wmidis danetarisa mamisi Cuenisa petre qarTvelisai, romeli iyo ZeqarTvelTa mefisai~, xseneba Tvesa dekembersa b).

4.04.2001

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mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis avtorobiTgamocemuli wignebi:

1. qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria, Tb., 1994;2. qarTuli eklesia XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos

eklesiis kalendari, 1994;3. Soba, jvarcma, aRdgoma da amaRleba uflisa, RvTisa da

macxovrisa ieso qristesi, 1995;4. deda eklesia, 1996;5. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996;6. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, 1997;7. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. III, 1999;8. qarTveli eris warmoSobis Sesaxeb, 19979. saingilo (qarTvelTa galekeba), 1998;10. mesxeTi (qarTvelTa gamahmadianeba), 1998;11. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria (mokle

redaqcia), saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1998;12. lazeTi-TrialeTi (qarTvelTa gaberZneba), Tb., 1999;13. qarTl-kaxeTi (qarTvelTa gasomxeba), 1999;14. afxazeTi (qarTvelTa ̀ gaafxazeba~), 2001;15. qarTveli xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad, 2001;16. petre iberi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi, 2002;17. qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis

sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi), 2002;18. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis wyaroebi, periodizacia

da saeklesio istoriografia, Tb., 2002.