Protections

from the technical point of view

“What you always wanted to know about protections

and were afraid to ask…”

Petra Píclová Online training

7.6.2012

Agenda

• What is mains protection?

• Protection functions

• Different applications

• Configuration and settings

• Communication

• New trends and R&D

≈=

What is mains protection?

How mains protections work

• 500 kW power plant; 0,25 EUR per kWh → EUR 3000 per day

• Property damage EUR 1 500 000 = 140% of yearly revenue

1. To protect the utility grid (mains) and its

consumers

2. To protect the equipment of the site owner

3. To protect the investment of the site operator

Role of mains protection

ComAp mains protections

MainsPro• Essential functions

• Approved by utilities

InteliPro• Advanced functions

• Flexible configuration

Protective functions

Essential protective functions:

• 2-level over/undervoltage

• 2-level over/underfrequency

• Vector shift

• Rate Of Change Of Frequency

• Symmetrical components

• Last trip record

• Mechanical sealing

MainsPro - ingeniously simple

•Wider range of protective functions

•Additional features

•Comprehensive history log

•Full configurability through PC SW

•Plug-in communications concept

•CAN connection to controllers

InteliPro - simply ingenious

Basic functions ANSI

Over/undervoltage, voltage asymmetry 27, 59, 47

Over/underfrequency 81H, 81L

Directional power (both directions) 32 + 62

Instantaneous overcurrent, Time overcurrent 50, 51

Current asymetry 46

Earth fault current 50N, 51N

Breaker failure protection

Automatic fault-reset

Analog and binary switches

Maximum parallel time

Basic protective functions

Optional protective functions

Optional functions ANSIVector shift 78

ROCOF 81R

Directional overcurrent 67

Sync-check 25

Neutral voltage displacement 59N

Auto-reclosing 79

Time overcurrent with voltage restraint 51V

Voltage

• Adjustable time delays for both levels, U/O voltage• 10 minutes floating average overvoltage

• Voltage unbalance (ANSI 47)• Detection of increased difference of voltage amplitude between

two phases

• Voltage asymmetry• Detects angle asymmetry of the measured voltage

• „Inverse definite minimum time“ overcurrent

• Moderate, very or extremely inverse

• ANSI

• IEC

• ComAp curve

IDMT overcurrent

B

II

ATIt P

nom

dial

1

)(

• Adjustable direction and limit

Directional power

0 kW

- kW

(export)

+ kW

(import)

Directional overcurrent

Loss of mains protections

• Vector shift (ANSI 78)

• Rate of Change of Frequency – ROCOF (ANSI 81R)

Mains protections applications

Usual applications

• CHP

• Micro-turbines

• Biogas stations

• Renewables • PV power plants• Small hydro• Grid-tied wind• Biomass plants

Different operation

• Simple application• 1 CB operated

• Complex application• 2 CBs operated

Simple applications

• Comm Trp output used

• CB1 Feedback

• Remote switching

• Blocking of functions by

• Setpoints

• Binary inputs

Complex applications

• CB1 and CB2 operated

independently

• „Priority switching“ function

• CBs can be used as backup to

each other

• Blocking of functions

Mains protection added value

Configuration and settings

MainsPro

• Easy wiring • Manual settings and operation• No PC SW needed• 5 relay outputs• 4 binary switches• Remote or manual fault reset• Automatic return to mains

InteliPro

• Full configurability through LiteEdit PC software

Lite Edit

Communication

•Plug-in modules support• IB-Lite (Ethernet)• IL-NT GPRS • IL-NT RS232 (Modbus)• IL-NT RS485 (Modbus)• IL-NT USB

•Active SMS•messages at pre-set event

•History log• 330 event-driven records

InteliPro

New trends and Research & Development

New trends

• Widespread power generation

• Grid stability maintenance

• Increased requirements

Research & Development

New features added to MainsPro• Average voltage• Automatic return to mains• 5 last events record (not released yet)

New features added to InteliPro• Dynamic grid support• Pole slip protection (not released yet)• QU (reactive power undervoltage) protection (not

released yet)

Available materials

• Datasheets

• Manuals – comprehensive guides

• Default set up sheet in every box

• Protection catalogue

• Technical support

Buy Additional Features

• You pay only for what you need

• Provides possibility of adding further functions

• Access through ComAp VIP page

Questions?

Thank you!