Peter J. Adams School of Population Health. ADDICTIVECONSUMPTIONS CONSUMPTIONS DANGEROUSCONSUMPTIONS...
-
Upload
alfred-thornton -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of Peter J. Adams School of Population Health. ADDICTIVECONSUMPTIONS CONSUMPTIONS DANGEROUSCONSUMPTIONS...
Peter J. AdamsSchool of Population Health
FUNDING OF SOCIETY ACTIVITIES BY ORGANIZATIONS WITH COMPETING INTERESTS:
RISKS & OPTIONS
ICARA MEETING, BUDAPEST 31 AUGUST 2015
ADDICTIVECONSUMPTIONS
CONSUMPTIONS
DANGEROUSCONSUMPTIONS
LEGALADDICTIVE
CONSUMPTIONS
movies
tobacco
pharma
fast foods
clothes
houses
alcoholcocaine
opioids
books
plasticsurgery
gambling
cannabis
accepting industry money
ADDICTIVE CONSUMPTIONS
ARE SPECIAL
Rational consumer?
Struggles with control
Consume more than intended
Over-consume despite knowledge
Addiction Add-on
ProductionCosts
Normal Profit
AddictionAdd-on
PROFIT
NOT MUCH
HEAPS
NUMBER OF CONSUMERS
LOW HIGH
ADDICTIVE
NON-ADDICTIVE
When the money’s there….
Hard to resist Money exchange
establishes expectations & obligations
Reinforced by multiple exchanges
Ostrich Response
“I didn’t really see that!”
“We’ve done so much work already”
“Let’s just pretend it’s not there”
Bargaining Response
“Maybe it’s not that bad”
“Gambling has its positive sides”
“Only a small number have problems”
“Can’t spoil it for the rest of us”
Missionary Response
“Money is sitting there”
“This funding will save lives”
“If we don’t get it, somebody else less deserving will”
Macho Response
“Be realistic” “To get things
done you need to make some unpopular choices”
“Say no to one, then the rest will follow”
Desire vs Values Messages
favoured my ambitions
Ethical perspective minimised
Need an outside reference point to gauge my views
SIMPLETRANSACTIO
N
FUNCTIONS IN A WIDER
ARENA
Three Connecting Chains
TobaccoAlcoholGamblin
gIndustrie
s
Political Chain
Publiccommunicatio
nstrategies
Lobbying& PR
companiesProducer
& retailassociation
s
Relationship
buildingactivities
Politicians
POLICYMAKERS
Purposes:• Industry is a legitimate business• Is a key player in vitality of our economy• Build long-term relations with political
actors
LOW VIS
British Medical Journal studies on infiltration of UK Parliament
All-party MP “Beer Group”
400 MPs from both houses of Parliament
David Cameron reversal on minimum unit pricingSource:
http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/General-News/Chancellor-George-Osborne-named-Beer-Drinker-of-the-Year
UK Chancellor, George Osborne awarded “Beer Drinker of the Year” (2013)
Public Good Chain
Corporate social
responsibility
Health & communit
y programsSocial aspects
& public relations
organisations
Media coverage
Public consultatio
n
TobaccoAlcoholGamblin
gIndustrie
s
POLICYMAKERS
Purposes: • Industry is a good corporate citizen• Industry is handling the harms• Individuals, not systems are
responsible
HIGH VIS
SAPROs“Social Aspects & Public Relations
Organisations”
DrinkWise Australia Industry funded Do something visible
about harm from alcohol
Binge drinking, public awareness, alcohol & pregnancy, drink driving, underage drinking
How to Drink Properly
Source: https://www.drinkwise.org.au/
Knowledge Chain
Priority setting processes
Researchers & research
organizationsFunding &
commissioning processes
Communication &
dissemination
Government officials
TobaccoAlcoholGamblin
gIndustrie
s
POLICYMAKERS
Purposes: • Industry knows its own business best• Industry shapes the research agenda• Credible pro-consumption knowledge
base
MOD VIS
Six steps along the chain:
1. The handshake2. The pilot project3. The offer4. Ongoing funding5. Group membership6. Policy
communication
US Tobacco Researcher
Ernst Wynder (1923 – 1999)
Epidemiologist, in 1950 linked smoking to lung cancer
Research funded by Philip Morris 1961 – 1990
US Tobacco ResearcherHandshake: 1955 Philip Morris contacted himPilot: 1961 small fund for 3 yearsOffer: 1969 $50 mill in resourcesOngoing $: 1970s regular amountsMembership: 1973 key in Philip Morris stablePolicy Communicator: 1980s spoke out about passive smoking
Brazilian Alcohol Researcher
Arthur Guerra de Andrade
Industry funded at State University of São Paulo
Heads SAPRO “Center for Information on Health & Alcohol” (CISA)
Source: Biblioteca Virtuals
Brazilian Alcohol Researcher
Source: Biblioteca Virtuals
Handshake: 2002 AmBev invited him into discussionsPilot: Mid 2000s form CISA & few public education projectsOffer: Accepted $ for researchOngoing $: 90% from industryMembership: Late 2000s on international boards ICAP, ICAAPolicy Communicator: Advises state & federal governments
Harvard Gambling Research
Howard Shaffer Director, Division of
Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhbmdyIlI7w
Harvard Gambling Research
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhbmdyIlI7w
Handshake: 1996 discussions with American Gaming AssociationPilot: Accepted $140K Offer: 2000 director of industry- funded Institute (IRPGRD)Ongoing $: By 2008 $9 millMembership: Prominent researcher internationallyPolicy Communicator: Advises US and other governments
Politicians
Public Consultation
GovernmentOfficials
TobaccoAlcoholGamblin
gCompani
es
INDUSTRY SECTOR
GOVERNMENT
SECTOR
Public Good Chain
Knowledge Chain
Political Chain
Ethical decision making strategy PERIL analysis
Establishing benchmarks Policy & process for managing
engagement
Accepting Industry Money is a Dangerous Consumption:
Two Interventions
Intensity of Relationship
Continuum of Risk
OIL
LOTTERIES
ALCOHOL
TOBACCO
ARMAMENTS
SLOTS
PORN
PHARMACEUTICALS
Low RiskModerate Risk
High RiskExtremelyHigh Risk
Primary Concern
Intensity Indicators
Purpose
How purposes match?
Extent
Percent of funding?
Relevant-harm
How harmful the product?
Identifiers
How visible the relationship?
Link
Directness of relationship?
Purpose Extent Relevant-harm Identifiers Links
LOWRISK
MODRISK
HIGHRISK
EXTR. H.RISK
Group 1: A public health researcher receiving funds directly from a tobacco company in a publicly visible way.Group 2: A genetics project receiving half its income directly from a brewery
Group 3: Research equipment funded partially from donations from a pokie trust
Group 4: An addiction symposium funded by a small grant from lotteries
Traffic Light of Risk
Class C (Monitor)Pornography, Plastic Surgery, Milk
Class C (Monitor)Pornography, Plastic Surgery, Milk
Class B (Manage)Fossil fuels, Lotteries, Fast Food
Class B (Manage)Fossil fuels, Lotteries, Fast Food
Class A (Curtail)Tobacco, Armaments, Pokies, Alcohol
Class A (Curtail)Tobacco, Armaments, Pokies, Alcohol
Final Thoughts Learnt much from tobacco Easy to plug-in without
realizing wider consequences
Promoting open dialogue about sources is key
Need ethical benchmarks & codes of practice
MORAL JEOPARD
YThe Risks of Accepting Money from Tobacco, Alcohol & Gambling
Industries
Cambridge University Press
Peter J. Adams
UpcomingBook