PETE 310 Lecture # 15 Properties of Black Oils Definitions Definitions (pages 224-240)
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Transcript of PETE 310 Lecture # 15 Properties of Black Oils Definitions Definitions (pages 224-240)
PETE 310PETE 310
Lecture # 15Lecture # 15
Properties of Black Oils Properties of Black Oils
DefinitionsDefinitions
(pages 224-240)(pages 224-240)
Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Black Oil ReservoirBlack Oil Reservoir
Temperature
Pre
ss
ure
Initial Reservoir Conditions
CPPath of Production
Separator Conditions
25%50%75%
Properties of Black Oils Needed for Properties of Black Oils Needed for Reservoir Engineering Calculations:Reservoir Engineering Calculations:
– Formation Volume Factor of oil Formation Volume Factor of oil BoBo
– Total Formation Volume Factor of oil Total Formation Volume Factor of oil BtBt
– Solution Gas oil Ratio Solution Gas oil Ratio RsRs
– Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility CoCo
Properties of Black Oils Needed for Properties of Black Oils Needed for Reservoir Engineering Reservoir Engineering Calculations:Calculations:
– Coefficient of isobaric thermal expansion Coefficient of isobaric thermal expansion oo
– Oil Viscosity Oil Viscosity oo
– Interfacial TensionInterfacial Tension
Learning GoalsLearning Goals
Understand the behavior of those Understand the behavior of those PVT properties (Bo,Rs,…) vs P and PVT properties (Bo,Rs,…) vs P and type of fluid type of fluid (now)(now)
Evaluate PVT properties from Evaluate PVT properties from (later)(later)– Field dataField data
– Laboratory studiesLaboratory studies
– CorrelationsCorrelations
DefinitionsDefinitions
Specific gravity of a liquidSpecific gravity of a liquid
API gravityAPI gravity
),(
),(
11
11
TP
TP
w
oo
1355.141
o
o API
DefinitionsDefinitions
Formation Volume Factor of OilFormation Volume Factor of Oil
Gas out of Gas out of SolutionSolution
Reservoir Reservoir (P,T)(P,T)
Surface Surface (Ps,Ts)(Ps,Ts)
Definitions Definitions
Volume of Oil + Dissolved Volume of Oil + Dissolved gas Bo = gas Bo = at Reservoir Pressure at Reservoir Pressure & Temp.& Temp.
Volume of Oil entering Volume of Oil entering Stock Stock
tank at Tsc, Psctank at Tsc, PscUnits = Reservoir barrelsUnits = Reservoir barrels (bbl)(bbl) /Stock tank barrels/Stock tank barrels (STB)(STB)
General Shape of BoGeneral Shape of Bo
BoBo
Reservoir PressureReservoir PressurePbPb
Reservoir T = constantReservoir T = constant
Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)
How much gas is dissolved in How much gas is dissolved in the oil volume per volume the oil volume per volume basisbasis
Rs depends upon pressureRs depends upon pressure
Units [= ] SCF gas /STB oilUnits [= ] SCF gas /STB oil
General Shape of Solution General Shape of Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)
RsRs
Reservoir PressureReservoir PressurePbPb
Reservoir T = constantReservoir T = constant
Total Formation Volume Total Formation Volume Factor BtFactor Bt
HgHg
OilOilBBobob
HgHg
GasGas
OilOil BBoo
BBgg(R(Rsbsb-R-Rss))
PPbb
Definition of BtDefinition of Bt
Also called Two-phase Also called Two-phase formation volume factorformation volume factor
ssbgot RRBBB
Units…Units…
bbl/STB + bbl/SCF * (SCF/STB)bbl/STB + bbl/SCF * (SCF/STB)
General Shape of BtGeneral Shape of BtB
o,
Bt
Bo,
Bt
Reservoir PressureReservoir PressurePbPb
Reservoir T = constantReservoir T = constant
Bt=BoBt=Bo
BtBt
BoBo
Sep
arat
or g
as
gas gas
Decreasing Pressure
Sep
arat
or g
as
Sep
arat
or g
as
gas
StandardConditions S
epar
ator
gas
Sep
arat
or g
as
oiloil oiloil
oil
STB
STBSTB STB
StandardConditions
Bg =
Rv =
Bo= Rs=
P2 P1
P4 P3 Reservoir
Definition of Oil & Gas PVT PropertiesDefinition of Oil & Gas PVT Properties
The Coefficient of The Coefficient of Isothermal Isothermal
Compressibility of OilCompressibility of OilProvides Instantaneous Provides Instantaneous
change of volume with P at change of volume with P at constant Tconstant T
AT
AAo P
V
VTPC
1
,
Also with molar volume Also with molar volume and specific volumeand specific volume
(Use in Steam Injection Processes)(Use in Steam Injection Processes)
Coefficient of Thermal Coefficient of Thermal ExpansionExpansion
Oil ViscosityOil Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow exerted by a fluidresistance to flow exerted by a fluid
This is called dynamic viscosity and This is called dynamic viscosity and has units ofhas units of
centipoise = g mass / 100 sec cmcentipoise = g mass / 100 sec cm
Kinematic viscosity is viscosity / Kinematic viscosity is viscosity / density, units are in density, units are in
centistokes = centipoise /g/cccentistokes = centipoise /g/cc
Needs of Crude Oil Needs of Crude Oil ViscosityViscosity
Calculation of two-phase flowCalculation of two-phase flow
Gas-lift and pipeline designGas-lift and pipeline design
Calculate oil recovery either Calculate oil recovery either from natural depletion or from from natural depletion or from recovery techniques such as recovery techniques such as waterflooding and gas-waterflooding and gas-injection processesinjection processes
InjectionWell
Separation andStorage Facilities
Production Well
1 2Oil ZoneOil Bank /Miscible Front
2
HC GasInjectionfrom Pipelineor Recycle
1
InjectionWell
Separation andStorage Facilities
Production Well
11 22Oil ZoneOil Bank /Miscible Front
2
HC GasInjectionfrom Pipelineor Recycle
1