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AP European History Chronological Content List thompson

Rise of Christianity1. Creationism2. Big Bang Theory3. Lucy 4. Cradles of Civilization5. Fertile Crescent6. Ur / Abraham / Hebrew Civilization7. Polytheism / Monotheism 8. Hellenistic Age 146 BCE9. Height of Classical Rome 117 CE10. Classical Age 11. Messiah12. Great Jewish Diaspora13. Jesus14. Paul of Tarus15. Old Testament / New Testament16. Diocletian17. Constantine18. Constantinople19. Council of Nicaea 32520. Nicene Creed 325 / Trinity21. St. Jerome / Vulgate Bible22. Petrine Theory23. Patriarch of Constantinople24. 476 / Vandals / Anglos / Saxons / Franks25. Dark Ages / Middle Ages26. Byzantine Empire27. Justinian28. Corpus Julis Civilis29. Hagia Sophia / “Holy Wisdom”30. Iconoclasm31. 105432. Roman Catholic Church33. Eastern Orthodox Church34. Kiev35. Vladimir I36. Batu Khan / Golden Horde37. Ivan III (The Great)38. Ivan IV (The Terrible) (Tsar)39. Time of Troubles40. Michael Romanov (1613)41. Magyars42. Kingdom of the Vikings43. Muhammad44. Allah

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45. Jihad / Holy War46. Berbers47. Moors48. Battle of Tours 73249. Franks50. Merovingian’s51. Mayors of the Palace52. Charles The Hammer Martel53. Battle of Tours 73254. Pepin the Short (Younger)55. Donation of Pepin56. Donation of Constantine57. Charlemagne (Emperor of the Romans 800)58. Feudalism59. Fief60. Peasants / Serf

Rise of Nation States61. Angles / Saxons62. St. Augustine (Archbishop of Canterbury)63. Harold the Saxon64. William of Normandy (The Conqueror)65. Battle of Hastings (1066)66. Dooms Day Census (Book)67. King John I68. Battle of Runnymede (1215)69. Magna Carta (1215)70. Parliament (House of Lords / Commons)71. “Power of the Purse”72. Hundred Years War (1337-1450)73. War of Roses (1453-1485)74. Lancasters (Red Rose)75. Yorks (White Rose)76. Henry Tudor + Elizabeth of York77. Henry VII / Henry VIII78. 100 Years War (1337-1453)79. Black Prince (Edward Prince of Wales)80. Joan of Arc81. Reconquista82. Ferdinand / Isabella83. Columbus (1492)84. Henry VIII + Catherine85. Philip Habsburg + Joanna86. Maximillian + Mary of Burgundy87. Charles V88. Philip II + Mary I

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89. Holy Roman Empire90. Otto I91. Lay Investure92. Pope Gregory / Henry IV93. Austrian Habsburg94. Babylonian Captivity of the Church95. Great Schism96. Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

The Renaissance97. Florence Italy98. Medicis99. Sforzas100. Patrons101. Quattrocento102. Humanism / Humanist103. The Cloistered Life104. Piety105. Johannes Gutenberg’s Movable Type106. Vernacular language107. Francesco Petrarch108. Collection of Love Sonnets to Laura 109. Giovanni Boccaccio110. Decameron 111. Leonardo Bruni112. History of the Florentine People 113. Baldassare Castiglone114. The Courtier 115. Niccolo Machiavelli116. The Prince 117. Lorenzo Valla118. Donation of Constantine 119. Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam120. In Praise of Folly 121. Mysticism122. Thomas More123. Utopia 124. Geoffrey Chaucer125. Canterbury Tales 126. Michel Montaigne127. “Essays” 128. Miquel Cervantes129. Don Quixote 130. William Shakespeare131. Romeo and Juliet 132. Mid Summer Nights Dream

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133. As You Like It 134. Hamlet 135. Macbeth 136. Christine Pizan137. Laura Cereta138. Giordano Bruno139. Hermetic Philosophy140. Giotto141. Adoration of the Magi 142. Masaccio143. Expulsion of Adam and Eve 144. Leonardo De Vinci145. Mona Lisa 146. The Last Supper 147. Raphael148. School of Athens 149. Michelangelo150. The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel 151. The Last Judgment 152. The Pieta 153. David 154. Donatello155. Bernini156. Sandro Botticelli157. Birth of Venus 158. Jan Van Eyck159. The Arnolfini Wedding160. Pieter Bruegel the Elder161. The Wedding Dance 162. Rembrandt Van Rijn163. The Night Watch 164. El Greco165. View of Toledo 166. Protestant

Reformation167. Nepotism168. Simony169. Sale of Indulgences170. Babylonian Captivity171. Great Schism172. John Wycliffe (1384-1415)173. “Veneration of the Saints”174. “Transubstantiation”175. Lollards176. John Huss (1369-1415)

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177. Council of Constance178. Savonarola (1452-1499)179. Pope Leo X180. John Tetzel181. Purgatory182. Sale of Indulgences183. Martin Luther184. Omnipotence / Omnipresence185. “The doctrine of justification by faith alone”186. Charles V187. Diet of Worms188. “I cannot and will not recant…”189. “A single Friar who goes counter…”190. Frederick of Saxony191. Lutherism192. Peasants Revolts193. Ulrich Zwingli194. Colloquy of Marburg195. transubstantiation196. John Calvin197. Predestination198. Institutes of the Christian Religion 199. Geneva, Switzerland (City of Saints)200. The Consistory201. Max Weber202. The Protestant Ethnic and the Spirit of Capitalism (The Weber Thesis) 203. Calvinism204. Puritans – England205. Huguenots – France206. Presbyterians / John Knox / Scotland207. Dutch Reform Church – Holland208. Anabaptist209. Menno Simons / Mennonites210. John Wycliffe / Lollardy211. Henry VIII212. Catherine of Aragon213. Mary, Princes of Wales214. Ann Boleyn215. Thomas More216. Church of England (Anglican Church)217. Act of Restraint of Appeals 218. Act of Supremacy 219. Dissolution of Monasteries 220. Six Articles of Faith 221. Henrician Catholicism222. Jane Seymour

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223. Anne of Cleves224. Catherine Howard225. Catherine Parr226. Edward IV227. 42 Articles228. Lady Jane Grey “Queen of England”229. “Bloody” Mary I230. Elizabeth I231. Catholic “Counter” Reformation232. Conciliar Movement233. Angela Merici / Ursulines234. Ignatius Loyola / Jesuits235. Francis Xavier236. Council of Trent (Italy)237. Spanish Inquisition238. Index of Prohibited Books (Abolished 1966)239. Schmalkaldic League240. Peach of Augsburg241. Sea Beggars242. Huguenots243. Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre / Catherine De Medici244. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV – Bourbon)245. “Paris is worth a Mass”246. Edict of Nantes (1598)247. Louis XIII248. Thirty Years War249. Defenestration of Prague (1618)250. Thirty Years War (The Bohemian Period)251. Ferdinand II252. The Catholic League253. Battle of White Mountain254. Thirty Years War (Danish Period)255. Christian IV of Denmark256. Count Wallenstein257. Edict of Restitution258. The Thirty Years War / The Swedish Period259. Gustavus Adolphus (Lion of the North)260. Battle of Lutzen261. Thirty Years War (The French Period)262. Cardinal Richelieu 263. Treaty of Westphalia (1648)264. Alsace

The Age of Exploration265. Caravel Ships / Square, Lateen Sail266. Compass

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267. Astrolabe268. Henry the Navigator269. Italian / Islamic “Middlemen”270. Bartholomeu Dias271. Cape of Good Hope272. Vasco Da Gama273. Christopher Columbus (1492)274. Ferdinand Magelland275. Circummavigate276. Line of Demarcation (1493)277. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494278. Pedro Cabral279. Conquistadors280. Hennando Cortes’281. Aztec Empire / Montezuma / Tenochtitlan282. Smallpox / Syphilis283. Balboa284. Ponce de Leon285. Pizarro286. De Soto287. Coronado288. LaSalle289. Champlain290. Cabot291. Cook292. Cabral293. Henry Hudson294. Columbian Exchange295. Mercantilism296. Peninsulares297. Creoles298. Mestizos299. Malattos300. Zambos301. Salutary Neglect302. Middle Passage303. Commercial Revolution304. Hanseataic League305. Guilds System306. Domestic System307. Bullion308. Favorable balance of trade309. Triangular trade310. Dutch-East India Company311. Antwerp, Netherlands312. Price Revolution

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313. Agricultural Revolution

Age of Absolute Monarchs314. Sovereignty315. Thomas Hobbes316. Leviathan (1651)317. Bishop Jacques Bossuet318. Divine Right of Kings319. Philip II / Mary I320. El Escorial321. Spanish Netherlands322. Hanseatic League / Venetian Merchants323. “Calvinist Fury”324. William the Silent325. Sea Beggars326. Spanish Armada327. Belgium (1830) / Antwerp328. “Paris is worth a mass” / Henry IV329. Edict of Nantes (1598) / Huguenots330. Louis XIII331. Cardinal Richelieu332. La Rochelle333. Intendants334. Estates General335. Louis XIV (R1642-1715)336. 30 Years War / Treaty of Westphalia (1648)337. Mazarin338. Fronde (1651)339. “I am the state”340. Palace of Versailles341. The Sun King342. Baroque343. England’s “European Grand Tour”344. Edict of Fontainebleau345. Jean Baptiste Colbert346. Philip of Anjou347. The Grand Alliance348. War of Spanish Succession (R1701-1713)349. Treaty of Utrecht (1713)350. Asiento De Negro Contract351. Louis XV (1715-1774)352. “After me, the deluge”353. Edward VI354. Lady Jane Gray355. (Bloody ) Mary I356. Martyrs

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357. Elizabeth I (R1558-1603)358. Marian Exiles359. 2nd Protestant Reformation360. Church of England’s Herican Catholics361. The 39 Articles (Compromise)362. Puritans363. Dissolution of Monasteries364. Mary Queen of Scots365. John Know366. First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Terrible Regiment of Women 367. James VI of Scotland368. Babington Plot369. James I of England (James VI of Scotland)370. True Law of the Free Monarchy 371. “No Bishop, No King!”372. King James authorized version of Holy Bible (1611)373. Charles I374. Henrietta Maria375. Archbishop of Canterbury Laud376. Bishop Wars377. The Long Parliament (1640-1651)378. Earl of Straford379. Round Heads380. Cavaliers / Royalist381. New Model Army382. Pride’s Purge383. The Radical Rump Parliament384. Oliver Cromwell / Lord Protector385. Instrument of Government (1653)386. The Restoration (1660)387. Charles II388. James II389. Tories390. Whigs391. Mary / William of Orange (Holland)392. James III393. The Glorious / Bloodless Revolution (1688)394. Bill of Rights (1689)395. Constitutional Monarchy396. Act of Settlement (1701)397. Queen Anne398. Act of Union (1707)399. George I Hanover400. Robert Walpole – Prime Minister401. George II402. George III

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403. American Revolution 1776404. 30 Years War / Treaty of Westphalia (1648)405. Salic Laws406. Charles VI (H.R.E.)407. Pragmatic Sanction408. Maria Teresa (R1740-1780)409. Joseph II – Enlightened Monarch410. Brandenburg – Prussia411. House of Hohenzollern412. Frederick William (The Great Elector)413. Frederick William I414. Frederick II (The Great) Enlightened Monarch415. Silesia416. War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) 417. Treaty of Aix-LA-Chapelle418. Diplomatic Revolution419. Seven Year’s War (French and Indian War)420. Ivan I, II, III, and IV421. Time of Troubles422. Michele Romanov (1613)423. Tsar Peter I (The Great)424. “Westernize Policy”425. Great Northern War426. St. Petersburg – Russian Window on the West427. Catherine the Great428. “Warm Water Port429. Crimean Peninsula430. Partition of Poland431. Liberum Veto

Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment432. Nicolai Copernicus433. Johannes Kepler434. Galileo Galilei435. Dialogue436. Inductive Reasoning Method437. Deductive Reasoning Method438. Francis Bacon (1651-1626)439. Novum Organum 440. Scientific Method441. “Renounce Notions!”442. Rene Descartes443. Discourse on Method 444. “I think, therefore I am”445. Cartesian Dualism446. Antoine Lavoisier

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447. Phlogiston Theory448. William Harvey449. Circulation of the Blood 450. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt451. The English Royal Society chartered by Charles II452. Denis Diderot453. The Encyclopedia454. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)455. Principia 456. Newtonian Synthesis457. “State of Nature”458. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)459. Leviathan 460. John Locke (1632-1704)461. Social Contract 462. Thomas Jefferson 463. Declaration of Independence (1776) 464. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 465. Old Regime466. “Philosophes”467. Montesquieu468. Spirit of the Laws 469. Deism470. Gottfried Leibniz471. “The best of all possible worlds”472. Optimism473. Voltaire474. Candide 475. “We must cultivate our own garden”476. Ecrasez I’iflame”477. Jean Jacques Rousseau478. Noble Savage479. The Social Contract 480. “General Will”481. Emile 482. Enlightened Despotism483. Frederick the Great of Prussia (1740-1786)484. Catherine the Great of Russia (1762-1796)485. Maria Theresa of Austria (1740-1780)486. Joseph II of Austria (1765-1790)

The French Revolution and Age of Napoleon487. First Estate - Clergy488. Second Estate - Nobility489. Third Estate - Middle Class / Urban workers / Peasants490. Louis VXI

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491. Marie Antoinette492. Estates General493. Cahiers494. Abbe Sieyes495. (What is) The Third Estate? 496. The National Assembly497. Jacques Necker498. The Bastille499. July 14, 1789500. The Great Fear501. Tennis Court Oath502. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens 503. Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790) 504. Assignats505. Legislative assembly506. Jacobins507. Girondins508. San-Culottes509. Émigré’s510. Declaration of Pillnitz (1791)511. The National Convention512. Maximilian Robespierre513. Committee of Public Safety514. Law of Suspects515. Reign of Terror516. Guillotine517. Republic of Virtue518. Cockades519. Liberty Trees520. Goddess of Liberty521. Deist Supreme Being522. Madame Roland523. Jean Paul Marat524. Charlotte Corday525. Georges Danton526. Festival of the Supreme Being 527. Thermidorian Reaction528. Franchise529. Metric System530. Maximum-Price Fixing531. The Bourgeoisie (Middle class)532. Directory533. Napoleon Bonaparte534. Consulate535. Edmund Burke536. Reflections on the Revolution in France 1890

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537. Military coup d’etat538. “I found the crown of France on the ground…”539. Napoleonic Code540. Plebiscite541. Mandate542. Josephine543. Grand Empire544. Napoleonic Wars545. First Coalition - Britain, Prussia, Holland, Spain546. Second Coalition - Britain, Austria, Russia547. “Consul for Life”548. Third Coalition - Britain, Austria, Russia549. British Admiral Horatio Nelson550. Battle of Trafalgar551. Austerlitz552. Confederation of the Rhine553. Continental System554. Treaty of Tilsit (1807)555. Peninsular War556. Francisco Goya “Third of May, 1808”557. Cuba / Puerto Rico558. Johann Von Herder559. Volksgeist560. Frederic Von Schiller561. William Tell562. Strum and Drang (Storm and Stress)563. Marie Louise of Austria564. Napoleon II565. Embargo Act of 1807566. Nieman River / Borodino /Moscow567. “Scorched Earth Policy”568. The 4th Coalition - Britain, Prussia, Austria, Sweden569. Leipzig - Battle of Nations570. Count Klemens von Metternich - Austria571. Lord Talleyrand - France572. Louis XVII573. Louis XVIII574. Elba575. Constitutional Charter of 1814576. The Hundred Days577. Duke of Wellington578. Battle of Waterloo - June 18, 1815579. St. Helena580. The Congress of Vienna - 1815581. The Status Quo582. Lord Castlereagh - Britain

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583. Prussia - Frederick William III584. Alexander I - Russia585. Legitimacy586. Balance of Power587. Weakened France588. Compensation589. Geographic Expression590. German Confederation591. Grand Duchess of Warsaw (Poland)592. The Rhineland593. Parma, Tuscany, Venetia, Lombardy594. Splendid Isolation595. Quadruple Alliance596. Collective Security597. Holy Alliance598. “A loud sounding nothing”599. Concert of Europe / The Metternich System600. Liberalism601. Nationalism602. Carlsbad Decrees (1819)603. Troppau Protocol (1820)604. Greek Revolution605. London Protocol 1830

Age of Metternich 606. Congress System607. Louis XVIII608. Émigrés609. Charles X610. July Ordinances (1830)611. July Revolution of (1830)612. Eugene Delacroix / Liberty Leading the People (1830)613. The Eastern Question614. Peterloo Massacre (1817)615. Corn Laws616. Lord Robert Liverpool617. Six Acts618. Arthur Thistlewood / Cato Street Conspiracy619. Robert Peel620. “Bobbies”621. Catholic Emancipation Act 1829622. Reform Bill (1832)623. Rotten Boroughs624. Revolutions of 1848625. Nationalism / Liberalism626. Romanticism / Industrial Revolution

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627. Louis-Philippe628. The Republicans629. Socialist Louis Blanc630. Francois Guizot631. The 2nd French Republic632. The June Days (1848)633. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte634. Plebiscite635. 2nd French Empire Napoleon III, Emperor636. Prussia Revolution of 1848637. Geographic Expression638. Carlsbad Decrees639. Frederick William III640. Frankfurt Assembly641. Italian Revolutions of 1848642. Piedmont643. Austrian (Vienna) Uprising (1848)644. The Hungarian Magyar Revolt (1848)645. Louis Kossuth646. Francis Joseph647. Karl Marx648. The Communist Manifesto

The Industrial Revolution 649. Arnold Toynbee650. A Study of History 651. Guild System652. Domestic System (Putting-out-system)653. Factory System654. Division of Labor655. Interchangeable Parts - Eli Whitney656. Mass Production - Henry Ford657. Scientific Management - Fredrick W. Taylor658. Enclosure Movement (Hedge rows)659. Trans-Siberian Railroad (Moscow to Vladivostok)660. Agricultural Revolution661. Land Aristocracy662. Jethro Tull - Seed Drill663. Charles Townshend - Crop Rotation664. Justus Von Liebig - Artificial Fertilizer665. Charles Newbold - Iron Plow666. Cyrus McCormick - Mechanical Reaper667. Textile Industry668. John Kay - Flying Shuttle669. Richard Arkwright - Water Frame670. James Hargreaves - Spinning Jenny

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671. Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin672. Thomas Newcome - Steam Engine673. James Watt - Steam Engine674. Henry Bessemer - Bessemer Process675. George Stephenson - Steam Powered Locomotive (Rocket)676. Robert Fulton - Steam Boat (Clermont)677. Gottlieb Daimler - Gasoline Engine678. Henry Ford - Model T / Assembly Line679. Wilber and Orville Wright - Airplane (Kitty Hawk)680. John McAdam - McAdam Roads681. Communications Revolution682. Michael Faraday - Electric Motor - Generator - Transformer683. Samuel Morse - Telegraph - Morse Code684. Thomas Edison - Incandescent Light Bulb685. Guglielmo Marconi - Wireless Telegraph686. Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone687. Industrial social problems

The Romantic Movement688. Descartes “I think therefore I am”689. John Locke / Two Treaties on Government690. Thomas Hobbes / Leviathan691. Thomas Paine / Age of Reason692. Gottfried Leibniz / Theodicy 693. Voltaire / Candide694. Thomas Gainsbourgh / Blueboy695. Johann Sebastian Bach / Classical Baroque696. Rousseau / Noble Savage / General Will / Emile697. William Wordsworth / Tintern Abbey698. Samuel Taylor Coleridge / Rime of the Ancient Mariner699. Lyrical Ballads700. William Blake / Ancient of Days701. Percy Shelley / Ode to the West Wind702. John Keats / Ode to a Grecian Urn703. George Gordon (Lord Byron) Don Juan704. Victor Hugo / Les Miserables705. Hunchback of Notre Dame 706. Novel707. Alexander Pushkin / I have Visited Again708. Strum und Drang (Strom and Stress) Movement709. Johann Schiller / William Tell710. Johann Wolfgang Goethe / Faust711. Revival of Gothic Architecture712. Eugene Delacroix / Liberty Leading the People713. Massacre of Chios 714. J.M.W. Turner / Rain, Steam, and Speed…

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715. David Casper Friedrich / The Cross in the Mountains716. Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 717. Francisco Goya / Third of May, 1808718. The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters 719. Wolfgang Mozart / Marriage of Figaro / The Magic Flute720. Beethoven / Fifth Symphony721. Peter Tchaikovsky / The Nutcracker / Romeo and Juliet722. Frederic Chopin / The Minute Waltz723. Richard Wagner / Die Feen724. Victorian Age (1837-1901)725. Charles Dickens / A Tail of Two Cities / A Christmas Carol726. Lord Alfred Tennyson / The Charges of the Light Brigade727. Charles Darwin / On the Origin of Species728. Edgar Allen Poe / The Raven / Annabel Lee729. The Fall of the House of Usher 730. Nathaniel Hawthorne / The Scarlet Letter731. Karl Marx / The Communist Manifesto732. Leo Tolstoy / War and Peace / Anna Karenina733. Emile Zola / I Accuse734. Realism735. Impressionism736. Claude Monet / Impression, Sunrise / Water Lilies737. Paul Cezanne / Mont Sainte Victore738. Mary Cassatt / The Bath739. Pierre Auguste Renoir / La Moulin De Galette740. Edouard Manet / Picnic Lunch on the Ground / Olympia741. Vincent Van Gogh / Starry Night / Yellow Chair742. Pointillism743. George Seurat / Sunday on the Island La Grande Jatte744. Paul Gauguin / “Tahitian Canvases”745. Edvard Munch / The Scream746. Auguste Rodin / The Thinker

Capitalistic and Socialist Response to the Industrial Revolution747. Capitalism748. Factors of Production749. Adam Smith750. Wealth of Nations 751. Supply and Demand752. Competition753. Laissez-Faire754. Classical Economics755. David Ricardo756. The Principles of Political Economic and Taxation (1817)757. Iron Law of Wages

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758. “Lowest level of Subsistence”759. Labor theory of value760. Thomas Malthus761. An Essay on the Principle of Population 762. Jeremy Bentham763. Utilitarianism764. “Promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number”765. John Stuart Mill766. Socialism767. Utopian Socialism768. Claude Saint-Simon769. “Techocracy”770. Charles Fourier771. “Phalanxes”772. Robert Owen773. New Lanark, Scotland774. New Harmony, Indiana775. Anarchy776. Luddites777. Pierre Joseph Proudon778. What is Property? 779. Karl Marx780. Scientific Socialism781. Friedrich Engels782. The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 783. Georg Hegel784. Dialectics785. Thesis - Antithesis - Synthesis786. “Class Struggle”787. Primitive State788. Slave Stage789. Feudal Stage790. Capitalistic Stage791. Dictatorship of the Proletariat792. Surplus Value - Capitalist Profit793. Communist Manifesto (1848)794. Das Kapital (1885)

Democratic Reforms and Reaction to the Industrial Revolution795. Evolutionary Socialism / Revisionism796. Eduard Bernstein797. Chartist Movement798. Universal Man-Hood Suffrage799. Reform Bill of 1832 / Disfranchised Rotten Boroughs800. Reform Bill of 1867801. Reform Bill of 1884-85

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802. William Wilberforce803. Slavery Abolition Act of 1833804. Factory Act of 1833805. Corn Laws Repealed 1846 (Robert Peel)806. Irish Potato Famine (1845-1848)807. Saint Patrick808. Tories = Conservatives809. Whigs = Liberals810. Benjamin Disraeli / Reform Bill 1867811. William Gladstone / Irish Home Rule812. Sybil 813. “Protestant” Ulster814. Fabian Society - “Gas and Water Socialist”815. Independent Labor Party (ILP)816. Keir Hardie817. David Lloyd George818. Progressive Income Tax / Progressive Inheritance Tax819. Parliament act of 1909 / 1911820. “Supremacy of the House of Commons”821. Edwin Chadwick822. “Report on the Condition of the Labor… in Great Britain (1842)823. Louis Pasteur - Pasteurization824. Joseph Lister - Antiseptic Principle825. Baron Haussmann826. “Cult of Domesticity”827. A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen828. Sigmund Freud829. Psychoanalysis - Id / Ego / Super Ego830. Max Planch -Quantum Theory831. Albert Einstein - E=MC2832. Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism833. Friedrich Nietzsche - Superman Concept834. Napoleon III835. Franco-Prussian War 1870836. Treaty of Frankfurt837. French National Assembly838. Louis Thiers839. Paris Commune840. Communards841. Third French Republic842. Chamber of Deputies843. Syndicalism844. Georges Sorel845. George Boulanger846. Ferdinand De Lesseps847. Panama Scandal

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848. Alfred Dreyfus849. Emile Zola850. I Accuse 851. Major Esterhazy852. Anti-Semitism

The Unification of Italy and Germany853. “The Eastern Question”854. The Dardanelles855. Moldavia / Walachia856. Piedmont-Sardinia857. The Crimean War (1854-1855)858. Sevastopol / Balaklava859. The Charge of the Light Brigade 860. Florence Nightingale861. Treaty of Paris 1856862. Risorgimento863. Carbonari Movement864. Young Italians865. Giuseppi Mazzini866. Duties of Man and Other Essays 867. Vincenzo Gioberti868. On Moral and Civil Primacy of the Italians 869. Republic of Rome870. Charles Albert871. Victor Emmanuel II872. Count Camillo Cavour873. Statecraft874. Plombieres agreement875. Lombardy876. Venetia877. Nice / Savoy878. Tuscany, Parma, Modena, Romagna879. Giuseppi Garibaldi880. Guerrilla Warfare881. Redshirts882. Naples / Sicily883. The German Confederation of the Rhine884. Geographic Expression885. Rhineland886. Carsbad Decrees887. Frankfurt assembly888. Pan-Germany889. Humiliation of Olmutz890. Zollverein891. Sturm and Drang (Storm and Stress)

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892. Friedrich Schiller - William Tell893. Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe - Faust894. Johann Von Herder895. Ideas for a Philosophy of Human Understanding 896. Volk897. William I (Hohenzollern)898. Otto Von Bismarck899. Realpolitik900. ….But by blood and iron901. Army Bill Crisis902. Gap Theory903. Schlewig-Holstein Crisis904. The Austrian - Prussian War (Seven Weeks Wary)905. Treaty of Prague 1867906. North German Confederation907. Baden, Wurttemberg, Bavaria, Saxony908. Leopold (Hohenzollern)909. Ems Telegram910. Franco-Prussian War (1870)911. Sedan, France912. Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)913. Alsace Lorraine914. Paris Commune915. 3rd French Republic916. German Empire (2nd Reich)917. Kaiser William I918. Center Party919. First Vatican Council920. “Infallibility of the Pope”921. Kulturkampf922. Insurance Laws923. William II924. “The Dropping of the Pilot” (1890)925. Alfred Nobel926. Dynamite927. Bertha Von Suttner928. Lay Down Your Arms

Multi-National Empires929. Alexander I930. Nicholas I931. Decembrist Revolution932. Dardanelles933. Alexander II934. Serf Emancipation935. Mirs

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936. Zemstovs937. “Westerners”938. Slavophiles939. Nihilist940. Alexander III941. Russification942. The “Pale Region”943. Pogroms944. Nicholas II945. Russian Social Democratic Labor Party946. Mensheviks947. Bolsheviks948. Vladimir I Lenin949. Manchuria / Korea950. Russo-Japanese War951. Portsmouth, New Hampshire952. Teddy Roosevelt953. Bloody Sunday954. Russian Revolution of 1905955. Soviets956. October Manifesto / Freedom Manifesto957. Duma958. Sultan Abdul Humid II959. Young Ottomans960. Russo-Turkish War 1878961. treaty of San Stefano962. Bulgaria963. Jingoism964. Congress of Berlin 1878965. Young Ottomans966. Russo-Turkish War 1878967. Treaty of San Stefano968. Bulgaria969. Jingoism970. Congress of Berlin 1878971. Young Turks972. 1st Balkan War973. Balkan League974. Treaty of London975. 2nd Balkan War976. Treaty of Bucharest977. “Powder Keg”978. Hungarian Maygars979. Francis Joseph I980. Prince Felix Schwarzenberg981. Alexander Bach

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982. Germanization983. Ausgleich”984. Austria Hungry - The Dual Monarchy985. Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand

Imperialism and the Great War986. Imperialism987. Militarism988. Imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalism - Lenin989. Rudyard Kipling990. White Man’s Burden 991. French Algeria992. Ferdinand De Lesseps993. Suez Canal994. Fashoda995. Tunisia996. “Spheres of Influence”997. Anglo-French Entente (Entente Cordiale)998. Liberia999. Ethiopia1000. Morocco1001. Algeciras Conference1002. Agadir Crisis1003. Belgium / King Leopold II1004. Doctor David Livingston1005. Henry Stanley1006. Berlin Conference1007. Afrikaners / Boers1008. The Great Trek1009. Transvaal / Orange Free State1010. The Boer Wars1011. Cecil Rhodes1012. Apartheid1013. English East India Company1014. Robert Clive1015. French East India Company1016. Joseph Francois Dupleix1017. Sepoy Rebellion1018. Louis Mountbatten1019. Afghanistan1020. Anglo-Russian Entente1021. Opium War(s)1022. Treaty of Nanjing1023. Taiping Rebellion1024. China’s “Territorial Integrity”1025. Boxer Rebellion

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1026. “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”1027. Splendid Isolation1028. The Sino-Anglo Alliance1029. Alfred Thayer Mahan1030. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1031. The Schlieffen Plan1032. Haldane Mission1033. The Triple Alliance1034. Reinsurance Treaty (1887)1035. The Triple Entente1036. Sarajevo1037. Franz Ferdinand1038. Gavrilo Princip1039. Black Hand1040. “Blank Check”1041. Ultimatum issued to Serbia1042. Russian Military Mobilization1043. “Scrap of Paper”1044. First Battle of the Marne River1045. Trench Warfare1046. Erich Remarque1047. All is Quiet on the Western Front 1048. Triple Entente - Allies1049. Triple Alliance - Central Powers1050. Vrdun / Somme1051. Gallipoli Campaign1052. Battle of Jutland1053. David Lloyd George1054. Easter Rebellion1055. “The Irish Question”1056. Sinn Fein Party1057. Authur Griffith1058. Treaty of London1059. Zionism1060. Balfour Declaration1061. Irish Americans / German Americans1062. U.S. Declaration of Neutrality1063. Submarine Warfare1064. Lusitania1065. Arabic Pledge1066. Sussex Pledge1067. “He will keep us out of the war”1068. “Unrestricted “submarine warfare1069. Zimmermann Note1070. “Make the world safe for democracy”1071. Brest-Litovst Treaty

24


1072. “Over There” 1073. George M. Cohan1074. War Industries Board1075. Bernard Baruch1076. Liberty / Victory Bonds1077. The Great Black Migration1078. The Food Administration1079. Herbert Hoover1080. General John (Blackjack) Pershing1081. Marshal Foch1082. American Expeditionary Force (AEF)1083. Chateau-Thierry / Belleau Wood1084. “The Eleventh Hour…” Armistice!1085. The Fourteen Points1086. Treaty of Versailles1087. Polish Corridor1088. Saar Basin1089. Alsace / Lorraine1090. The Rhineland1091. Czechoslovakia; Hungary1092. Yugoslavia1093. Finland; The Baltic states; Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania1094. Mandate System1095. Article 2311096. Article 2321097. The League of Nations1098. Henry Cabot Lodge1099. Article X of the League Covenant1100. U.S. Isolation Policy1101. Treaty of St. Germaine (Austria)1102. Treaty of Lausanne (Turkey)1103. The Lost Generation Russian Revolution1104. Russo-Japanese War (1904)1105. Bloody Sunday 19051106. Russian Revolution 19051107. Crimean War 1854-18551108. Alexander II / Russification1109. October Manifesto 19051110. Grigori Rasputin1111. March Revolution 19171112. End of Romanov Dynasty March 19171113. Provisional Government1114. Alexander Kerensky1115. V. I. Lenin

25


1116. April Thesis1117. “Peace, Land, and Bread”1118. “All power to the Soviets”1119. Petrograd Soviet1120. October Revolution 9 Bolshevik Revolution 19171121. Leon Trotsky1122. Brest-Litovsk Treaty March 19181123. Romanov Execution March 19181124. November 11, 1918 - Armistice1125. Russian Civil War 1918-19211126. Red vs. Whites1127. First Red Scare 1919ism1128. Red Army / Trotsky1129. C.H.E.K.A1130. Red Terror1131. War Communism1132. New Economic Plan (NEP)1133. “Opium of the people” - Marx 1134. Communist Party1135. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)1136. Leon Trotsky vs. Josef Stalin1137. “World Revolution Philosophy”1138. “Socialism in one country philosophy”1139. Politburo1140. Trotsky exiled, murdered in Mexico1141. End of the N.E.P. 19281142. First Five-Year Plan1143. Collectivization1144. Annihilation of the Kulaks1145. The Great Purges1146. Stalinism1147. Stalin Dies 1953

In Between the Wars1148. David Lloyd George1149. Independent Labor Party (ILP)1150. Unemployment Insurance Act1151. Ramsay McDonald (1st Socialist P.M. of Britain)1152. General Strike of 19261153. Article 231 / 232 / Reparations1154. Article 2481155. Ruhr Valley1156. Charles Dawes / Dawes Plan (1924)1157. Maginot Line1158. Lost Generation1159. Josephine Baker

26


1160. Leon Blum / Popular Front1161. Fascism1162. Totalitarianism1163. Benito Mussolini1164. Avanti1165. Mussolini’s March on Rome (1922)1166. “Il Duce” (The Leader)1167. Corporate State1168. Corporation of Cereals (Agriculture)1169. Lateran Treaty with the Church1170. Peter Blume’s “Eternal City”1171. Spartacist Movement1172. Karl Liebknecht / Rosa Luxemburg1173. Weimar Republic - Germany’s 1st Democracy1174. Gustav Stresemann1175. Locarno Treaties (1925)1176. Kellogg - Briand Pact (1928)1177. Paul Von Hindenburg1178. Adolf Hitler1179. National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)1180. Aryan Race1181. Para-Military Brown Shirts1182. Munich Beer-Hall Putsch (1923)1183. Rudolf Hiss1184. Mein Kampf (My Struggle)1185. Lebenscraum (Living Space)1186. Anti-Semites / Hitler Youth1187. Reichstag1188. Franz Von Papen1189. Brown Shirts1190. Night of the Long Knives1191. Third Reich1192. Der Fuhrer1193. “The Big Lie”1194. “Nuremberg Laws (1935)1195. Kristallnacht “Night of the broken glass”1196. “Final Solution”1197. The Great Depression1198. John Maynard Keynes1199. Keynesian Economics1200. Super Inflation1201. Dadaism1202. Hannah Hoch “Cut with a kitchen knife “1919”1203. Tristan Trara1204. Surrealism1205. Salvador Dali

27


1206. Pablo Picasso1207. Cubism1208. Les Demoiselles l’Avigon1209. Expressionism1210. Bauhaus School of Architecture1211. Functionalism1212. Oswald Spengler - Decline of the West1213. T.S. Eliot - The Wasteland1214. William Yeats - The Second Coming1215. Lost Generation - Gertrude Stein1216. Logical Positivism and Vienna Circle1217. Metaphysics

Causes and Course of WWII

1218. Washington Naval Conference (1922)1219. Five Powers Naval Treaty1220. Nine Powers Treaty1221. London Naval Disarmament Treaty1222. Fascintern1223. Lytton Report1224. Stresa Front1225. Rome-Berlin Axis1226. Haile Selassie1227. Ethiopia1228. Remilitarized Rhineland1229. Spanish Civil War1230. General Francisco Franco1231. Pablo Picasso / Cubism1232. Guernica1233. Anschluss1234. “One Blood Demands One Reich”1235. The Munich Crisis1236. Czechoslovakia1237. Sudetenland1238. Lebensraum (Living Space)1239. Neville Chamberlain1240. Appeasement1241. “I have no more territorial demands…”1242. “Peace with honor…”1243. Danzing1244. Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty (Hitler-Stalin Pact)1245. German Invasion of Poland - “The Spark”1246. Blitzkrieg1247. The Winter War1248. The Phony War

28


1249. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania1250. Winston Churchill1251. Dunkirk1252. Vichy France1253. Henri Petain1254. Charles De Gaulle1255. Free French Movement / French Resistance Movement1256. “Abyss of a new dark age”1257. “I have nothing to offer but blood”1258. Battle of Britain1259. Luftwaffe1260. Royal Air Force (RAF)1261. “Never has so much been owed…”1262. Franklin D. Roosevelt1263. Neutrality Act of 1939 (Cash and Carry)1264. Lend-Lease Act 19411265. “Arsenal of Democracy”1266. Indochina1267. Embargo on Strategic Material to Japan Act1268. Pearl Harbor1269. North African Campaign1270. Bernard Montgomery1271. Erwin Rommel1272. El Alamein1273. Operation Torch1274. General Dwight D. Eisenhower1275. Casablanca, Morocco1276. Kasserine Pass, Tunisia1277. Battle of Stalingrad1278. Operation Overlord1279. Battle of the Bulge1280. Pacific Campaign1281. Harry S. Truman1282. Hiroshima / Nagasaki1283. General Douglas MacArthur1284. U.S.S. Missouri1285. The Holocaust1286. Auschwitz1287. Nuremberg Trials1288. “The Super Powers”1289. United Nations1290. Atlantic Charter1291. Dumbarton Oaks Washington Conference 19441292. Yalta Conference 19451293. The Big Three (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill)1294. San Francisco Conference 1945

29


1295. Potsdam Conference 1945 (Stalin, Truman, Attlee)1296. The U.N. Security Council1297. The Veto Power

The Cold War1298. Yugoslavia1299. Joseph Tito1300. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic…an Iron Curtain…”1301. George Kennan1302. “…Whether Tsarist or Communist…”1303. “The Kremlin is also cautious…”1304. Greece and Turkey1305. Truman Doctrine1306. “…Resisting subjugation by armed minorities”1307. The Marshall Plan (European Recovery Plan / ERP)1308. Konrad Adenauer1309. West German Miracle1310. The Berlin Blockade (1948)1311. Autobahn1312. Lucas Clay1313. Berlin airlift (1948-1949)1314. Berlin Wall (1961)1315. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 19491316. Warsaw Pact (1955)1317. Korea War1318. 38th Parallel1319. Mao Zedong1320. Chaing-Kai-Shek1321. Soviet Boycott of the U.N.1322. N.S.C. - 681323. Pusan Perimeter1324. General Douglas MacArthur1325. Inchon Landing1326. Yalu River1327. “…Old soldiers never die…”1328. DMZ1329. Nikita Khrushchev1330. De-Stalinization1331. Peaceful - Coexistence1332. Hungarian Invasion (1956)1333. Gamal Nasser1334. Aswan Dam1335. Suez Canal1336. Eisenhower Doctrine1337. Anthony Eden1338. Alexander Solzhenitsyn

30


1339. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 1340. Boris Pasternak1341. Doctor Zhivago 1342. Sputnik I / Sputnik II1343. Rocket Fever / Missile Gap1344. National Defense and Education Act, NDEA (1958)1345. Lebanon (1958)1346. Spirit of Geneva1347. U-2 Incident1348. Francis Gary Powers1349. Paris Peace Conference1350. Explorer I1351. Yuri Gagarin1352. John Glen1353. Neil Armstrong / Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin1354. Apollo II1355. Sally Ride1356. Batista1357. Fidel Castro1358. Bay of Pigs1359. John Kennedy1360. Cuban Exiles1361. Cuban Missile Crisis1362. Cuban Blockade1363. French Indo-China1364. Vietnam1365. Vietminh1366. Dien Bien Phu1367. Geneva Conference (1954)1368. 17th Parallel1369. Hanoi1370. Saigon1371. Dinh Diem1372. Vietcong1373. Domino Effect1374. Lyndon B. Johnson1375. “…no wider war…”1376. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)1377. War Powers Act (1973)1378. Doves / Hawks1379. “…would not seek nor accept…”1380. Tet Offensive 19681381. Vietnamization1382. Ho Chi Minh Trail1383. Henry Kissinger1384. Paris Peace Agreement 1973

31


1385. Ho Chi Minh City1386. John Foster Dulles1387. Brinkmanship1388. M.A.D.1389. Détente1390. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)1391. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, S.A.L.T. (1972)1392. Helsinki Accords (1975)1393. Prague Spring Reform Movement1394. The Two Thousand Words1395. Alexander Dubcek1396. Leonid Brezhnev1397. Brezhnev Doctrine1398. Ronald Reagan1399. Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)

The Contemporary World1400. Mikhail Gorbachev1401. Chernobyl (Kiev, Ukraine)1402. Perestroika (Restructure)1403. Glasnost (Openness)1404. Afghanistan Withdrawal1405. Lithuania / Latvia / Estonia1406. Russian President Boris Yeltsin1407. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)1408. Poland1409. John Paul II (1978)1410. Danzig / Gadansk Shipyard1411. Lech Walesa1412. Solidarity Labor Movement1413. General Jaruzelski1414. Hungry1415. Czechoslovakia1416. Velvet Revolution1417. Alexander Dubcek1418. Czech Republic / Slovakia1419. Bulgaria / Albania1420. Romania / Ceausescu1421. Warsaw Pact Dissolved (1991)1422. Yugoslavia1423. Josip Tito1424. Separatist Movements1425. Slovenia / Croatia / Bosnia - Herzegovina / Macedonia1426. Slobodan Milosevic / Serbia1427. “Ethnic-Cleansing”1428. Islamic Fundamentalism

32


1429. NATO’s New Mission - Balkan’s1430. France1431. Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962)1432. Charles De Gaulle1433. Fifth French Republic1434. 1968 Students Revolts / US and Europe1435. King / Kennedy Assassinations1436. Francois Mitterrand1437. “Unity-of-the-Left”1438. Jacques Chirac 1439. Konrad Adenauer - “West German Miracle”1440. Willy Brandt1441. “Ostpolitik” (Good Neighbor Policy)1442. Helmut Kohl1443. German Re-Unification (1990)1444. Britain1445. Margaret Thatcher (Iron Lady)1446. British-Falkland War (1982) 1447. John Major1448. Tony Blair1449. Northern Ireland1450. Spain’s Basque Region1451. Treaty of Rome (1957)1452. European Economic Community1453. Maastricht Treaty (1992)1454. European Union1455. Euro1456. Multi-national Corporations1457. Green Party1458. Influence of Feminism / Oral Contraceptives1459. Women’s Suffrage Finland / Switzerland1460. Golda Meir - Israel1461. Indira Gandhi - India1462. Benazir Bhutto - Pakistan1463. New World Order1464. Re-Unification of Germany (October 3, 1990)1465. Iraq Invasion of Kuwait (1990)1466. Persian Gulf War (1991)1467. Boris Yeltsin1468. Chechnya1469. September 11, 20011470. Barack Obama (2008)1471. Demographic Trends and Movements1472. Second Vatican Council (1962-1965)1473. Mass in the Vernacular1474. Polish John Paul II (1978)

33


1475. Werner Heisenberg’s “Uncertainty Principle”1476. James Watson / Francis Crick- DNA1477. Oswald Spengler -Decline of the West1478. Arnold Toynbee - A Study of History1479. The cycling nature of civilizations….

Existentialism1480. Friedrich Nietzsche1481. Thus Spoke Zarathustra 1482. “Overman / Superman”1483. “The Theatre of the Absurd”1484. Samuel Beckett1485. Waiting for Godot (1952)1486. Jean Paul Sartre1487. “Existence Precedes Essence”1488. Albert Camus1489. The Stranger 1490. Myth of Sisyphus

34

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