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Petrochemical Use in Transportation: The Automobile

1.SeatBelts

8.GasTanks.

Panel

.Cables

6.GearHousing

5.SeatingCushionsandPadding

4.Interiorand

2.Tires3.Bumpers

Exterior of automobile

Internal components of

automobile1

- ,

composites, rubber, coating and textile products are used

in the average vehicle accounting for about 15% of the

total vehicle weight.

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Petrochemical Use in Transportation: Interior of Commercial Aircraft

6.LightCovers7.OverheadStowageBins

. pper ewa Panel

4.LowerSidewall8.Windows

2.Seats

ane

1.FloorandFloorThe interiors of all commercial aircraft containa significant percentage of reinforced plastics

over ng3.GalleyMats3

made from petrochemicals to make a variety of

essential functions and comforts for the

consumer while in flight.

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1. Floor and Floor Coverings: Made from fiber lass or carbon/e ox or

phenolic/Nomex honeycomb for the floor panels. Wool or nylon are used in the

carpet with double-backed tapes to attach carpet to floor and a Nomex felt.

2. Seats: Made from wool, wool/nylon, or leather upholstery with urethane foam

cushions.

. .4. Lower Sidewall Panels: Made from fiberglass or carbon/phenolic/Nomex

honeycomb with a scuff-resistant surface (wool or Nomex fabric, or tough

p ast c .

5. Upper Sidewall Panels: Made from fiberglass or carbon/phenolic/decorative

thermoplastic layer.6. Light Covers: Made from the petrochemical polycarbonate.

7. Overhead Stowage Bins: Made from fiberglass or carbon/phenolic/Nomex

hone comb with an ed e urethane foam la er.

8. Windows: The outer panel is made from stretched acrylic; inner pane castacrylic; dust cover polycarbonate or acrylic.

Items not shown:

Flotation Foams: Are made from polyethylene foam.

ea rays: re ma e rom ermop as c.

4

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Petrochemical Use in Military Protective Wear

3.MilitaryHelmet. ac ca nser on

Accessories

5.MilitaryPacks

4.MilitaryVests

1.ArmyCombatUniforms

50 to 100 percent of military protective gear and the

immediate accessories are composed of materials

derived from petrochemicals. A typical soldiers2.MilitaryCombat

Boots5

equipment is comprised of approximately 34-35 pounds

of petrochemicals or approximately 80% of the total

weight of equipment.

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1. Army Combat Uniforms (ACU): Blend of cotton and nylon, a synthetic fiber

produced from petrochemical derivatives including hexamethylene diamine and

adipic acid. ACU was designed by soldiers to meet the demands of the currentoperational environment by increasing a soldiers ability to train, adapt and fight in

ever-changing environments. Approximately 50% of the ACU is made of nylon.

2. Military Combat Boots: Utilize a blend of natural and synthetic materials, with

over 50% of the boot bein made materials that have their ori in from crude oil or

natural gas. Synthetic materials such as polyurethane, nylon fabric and synthetic

rubbers are all used in the military combat boot.

.

(which contains a very high molecular weight, high density polyethylene).

Helmets can also be made of Kevlar, another synthetic material derived frompe roc em ca s.

4. Military Vests: Made from Kevlar, a carbon-based aramid (a term invented as an

abbreviation for aromatic polyamide, or aromatic nylon fiber).

5. Military Packs: Made of 100% nylon.

6. Tactical Insertion Accessories: 100% petrochemical-based materials. The

material for the ro e used when soldiers are fast-ro in is from crude oil or

natural gas to ethylene to Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

(UHMWPE).

6

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Petrochemical Use in Medicine

2.FaceMasksinMedical/Surgical

A lications4.BloodBags

8.HandSanitizer1.Medical&

SurgicalGowns6.Sutures

5.Catheters/Tubing

9.AspirinNearly 100 percent of all medical items listed are made

entirely from petrochemicals and amount to almost 6

pounds. Sutures can contain up to 50-100 percent

petrochemicals. Nearly 90 percent of Aspirin contains .7

petrochemicals or some 40 million pounds.

Approximately 65 percent of hand sanitizer is made from

petrochemicals with nearly 10 million pounds of hand

sanitizers being produced annually.

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1. Medical and Surgical Gowns: Reusable medical and surgical gowns are typically 50/50

en o co on an po yes er, rayon an po yes er or s m ar en e ma er a . sposa e

gowns, use polypropylene as the main material. Polyester are also used in scrubs.

Surgical gowns can be made of specialty polyolefins, nonwoven polyproylene, laminated

, -

derived from petrochemicals.

2. Face Masks in Medical/Surgical Applications: Made from spun-bond irradiated

-, , .

3. Wound Care: Made from polyester or polyester blends with rayon, wood pulp or other

inert material, such as polyurethane, hydrogels, and elastomers.

5. Catheters/Tubing: Made from PVC and is the preferred material used as tubing for

medical applications. PVC tubes coated with Teflon (PTFE), blends of polyether-ester,

eth lene acid co ol mer are also used in medical tubin and catheters.

6. Sutures: Absorbable sutures contain polyglactin, polylactonone, polysorb. Non-

Absorbable sutures contain nylon, PET, PP, and Polybutester.

7. Surgical Gloves: Contain the petrochemicals latex, polyisoprene, nitrile and neoprene.

8. Hand Sanitizer: Major ingredients found in Purell and like hand sanitizers are ethyl

alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol

9. Aspirin: Product made from phenol is salicylic acid and a derivative acetylsalicylic acid

(aspirin)

8

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Petrochemical Use in Personal Protective Equipment

4.FaceMask. ootwear

2.ProtectiveHelmets

5.Respiratory6.HearingProtection

3.SafetyGoggles 1.ClothingAround 80 to 100 percent of the materials

9

used in the production of the personal

protective equipment originate from

petrochemicals.

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1. Protective Clothing: Made from many different varieties of petrochemicals.

One of the most widely used fabrics is Nomex, an aramid fiber made by Dupont.

2. Protective Helmets: Made with synthetic materials made from petrochemicalderivatives. Hard hat shells may be made of a thermoplastic, such as

polyethylene or polycarbonate resin, or of other materials like resin-impregnated

textiles. Also, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), nylon, vinyl, Kevlar and

Twaron are used in makin a variet of different helmets.

3. Safety Goggles: Made from plastics such as polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

.

polypropylene fabric. A more elaborate face mask with a visor that covers the

entire face are made from acetate or polycarbonates.. esp ra ory qu pmen : acemas an resp ra or are ma e w e

petrochemicals polyurethane memory foam, polypropylene, elastomer, and

acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene (ABS).

6. Hearing Protection: In the form of ear plugs are typically made of

polyurethane foam with memory. Ear muffs are 90% petrochemical-based and

contain ol urethane ABS ol olefin and elastomer.

7. Protective Footwear: Made from neoprene or other butyl rubber formulations,

polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymer-composite, and Kevlar.

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Petrochemical Use in Consumer Electronics

1.DVDandCD2.Computers

14.Freezer13.Refrigerator

Electronics Appliances

. croc ps7.CellPhones 12.Dishwasher

4.Radio.

8.Air11.Water

Heater

Home electronics and appliance

6.TVsConditioner

10.WashingMachine

9.Furnace11

products contain up to 40% or

more of plastics derived from

petrochemicals.

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Petrochemical Use in Renewable Energy

Wind Turbine Blades Solar Glazing

are made up of petrochemical basedmaterials.

A lar e wind turbine containin 30

of petrochemicalsSolar cells also use new, novel

etrochemicals for casin of the

to 50 meter long blades would

contain 27,000 pounds of

petrochemical-based products.

photovoltaic (PV) modules and

sometimes are the substrates

themselves.

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Petrochemical Use in Transportation: Exterior of Commercial

Aircraft

Boeing 787s body will be composed of over 50% of reinforced plastics.

The new 787 Dreamliner will be 20% more fuel efficient savin more than 260,000 allons of fuel

per year over a comparable size due to the light weights of petrochemicals being used to form

the exterior of the aircraft.

The approximate weight of carbon fiber reinforced plastics is 70,000 pounds in one aircraft.

,

compatabilizers, nylons and epoxy resin

Chemical precursors used are epicholorhydrin, epoxy resin, bisphenol A, acrylonitrile,

acetohydrin, propylene, butadiene, cumene and benzene.

14

Almost 800 Boeing 787s are on backorder