Define:

• The criteria of Profession– i.e. what constitutes a profession

Criteria of Profession

• A defined scope, stating that the profession’s purpose and goals, qualifications for education, experience and professional development, a code of conduct to guide what should, or should not, be done under given circumstances, recognized certification that requires maintenance in standards that are consistent with peer groups. (pg. 102)

Provide Examples

• Examples of profession

Sport Coaching

• Describe/Define the profession of Sport Coaching would look like

Duffy, p., hartley, h., bales, j., crespo, m., dick, f., vardhan, d., nordmann, l., and curado, j. (2011). Sport coaching as a ‘profession’: challenges and

future directions. International journal of coaching science, 5 (2), 93-123.

Annie Machamer and David Robertson

Type of, purpose of study/paper, theoretical framework/background

• Position Paper• International Council for Coach Education

(ICCE)—development of sport coaching as a position at it’s core mission

• Authors examined the basis for the ICCE’s aspiration against criteria associated with other professions; making sure to take into account sport coaching unique features

Background and significance of study…what did it report to add?

• Scale and social significance of sport coaching as a paid profession; being paid to coach

• Being paid was an impetus to develop coach education programs, especially in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia—strategic and policy publications provided a broad base of support to support sport coaching as a profession along with other professional careers

• Magglingen Declaration—”highlighted the need to ensure the vital role of coaching was recognized by governments, sport, and the wider community (p. 96).”

Methods/Analysis• Review of Literature to support viewpoint—International Federations

to support coach education—graduated licences to coach at various levels, such as soccer

• Olympic Solidarity—provides financial support around the globe to provide coach education programming through paid coaches

• European Coaching Council—move away from a uni-dimensional view of sport coaching and look at sport coaching as Trudel and Gilbert suggest in the context which coaches operate. Also focused on the process by which coaches develop expertise identifying progressive coaching roles

Methods/Analysis• European Coaching Council

(Competence Framework)• 4-stages of coach development • Early, middle, late, innovate• Translated into 4-roles• Apprentice—Coach—Senior Coach—Master

Coach• The need to map competences against specific

requirements

Findings/Main Argument• The organization of sport coaching is weak in

comparison with established professions– No application of “right of practice”/structure to be met

• Formal Qualifications vs. Practical experience seen to be significantly different – Compared to other profession– Physical Educator vs. Professional Football player

• Future actions to be made on the international level– Sport coaching profession format/guidelines creation

Conclusions/implications for practice and/or future research

• Suggested need for a shift in focus at an international level– Sport coaching as a blended profession

• Objective recognizes respective roles of professional coaches, volunteers and pre-coaches, supported by process of professionalization

• Hopefully future research and cooperation will lead to a common ground– Understanding and criteria of the profession

Questions?

• Define Sport Coaching as a profession now considering this article.

Sport Coaching

Should describe the competences that coaches require when interacting with athletes of various competitive levels and in various sporting contexts, as well as being referenced against the correlates of excellence among teachers. (pg. 100)

Questions?

• Are there road blocks to Sport Coaching Education?

• If so, what are some examples?

Take away

• David: – global approach to sport coaching education– Common ground?

• Annie:– Sport coaching as a blended profession– Common ground?