Pest Plant Assessment and Noxious weed...

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DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES 4/06/2004 Pest Plant Assessment and Pest Plant Assessment and Noxious weed Review Noxious weed Review Department of Primary Industries, Frankston John Weiss, David McLaren, Bob Edgar, Tereso Morfe, Trevor Hunt CRC Australian Weed Management CAS staff, Parks Victoria, Melbourne Water, CMAs

Transcript of Pest Plant Assessment and Noxious weed...

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DEPARTMENT OFPRIMARY INDUSTRIES

4/06/2004

Pest Plant Assessment andPest Plant Assessment andNoxious weed ReviewNoxious weed Review

Department of Primary Industries, FrankstonJohn Weiss, David McLaren, Bob Edgar, Tereso Morfe, Trevor Hunt

CRC Australian Weed Management

CAS staff, Parks Victoria, Melbourne Water, CMAs

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Victoria’s Pest Management:A Framework for Action (NRE, 2002)

Pest Management Principle:

“The threat and risk posed by new species with pest potential…...needs to be assessed based on risk analysis with the assessment of

risk undertaken before applying resources to major control oreradication programs”.

Legislation and Strategies

Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994

“…only recommend a plant… has or may have the potential to become,a serious threat to primary production, Crown land, the environment or

community health in Victoria”

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Risk Assessment

Invasive species

Resource valuesassessed bystakeholders

ThreatsValues

Salination

Other threatening processes

Weeds

Pathogens

Pests

Social, Economic& Environmental

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Pest Plant Risk Assessment

Projects

• Prioritise new and emerging weeds

• Review noxious weeds

• Prioritise weeds based on impact for different land managers

IssueLarge number of weeds (>1200 already naturalised - 40,000 awaiting arrival !)

How to direct resources/ prioritise weeds.

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Prioritisation Process

Decision Support Systems

• Help break down complex decisions

• Captures the expertise of specialists

• Identify information gaps

• Transparent system

• Provides framework for group decisionmaking

• Enables quantitative and qualitativeanalysis

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Science based System

A Science based system must satisfy three general criteria.

1. Must be transparent, open to review, peer evaluated

2. Logical framework

3. Must be repeatable with same outcome by different users

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THREE MAIN PRINCIPLES

One weed is more important than another because;

1. Fast spreading - More Invasive

2. Is presently localised - but could spread much further

3. Impacts more on social, environmental and agricultural values

Then Feasibility or Cost : Benefit Analysis

Agreed Draft National Technical Specifications - CRC, National Weeds Strategy, Australian Weeds Committee

Ranking Weeds

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Victoria’s Pest Plant Assessment Process

Pest Plant Assessment

Invasiveness Distribution -Present & Potential

Impact

Pest Plant Score = α (Invasiveness score) + β (Present: Potential Distribution) + δ (Impact)(where α, β and δ are weightings of the subcomponents).

Agreed Draft National Technical Specifications - CRC, National Weeds Strategy, Australian Weeds Committee

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THREE MAIN PRINCIPLES

One weed is more important than another because; 1. Fast spreading - More Invasive

WHAT MAKES A PLANT MORE WEEDY?

Invasiveness

• 15 questions , Score 0-1

• Higher the score - faster thespread = steeper gradient

eg Serrated Tussock 0.76 Golden Thistle 0.50

Agreed Draft National Technical Specifications - CRC, National Weeds Strategy, Australian Weeds Committee

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Invasivenesss Criteria

Reproductive period?

Germination requirements

Establishment requirement

Life form

Allelopathic properties

Tolerates herbivory pressure?

Growth rate

Stress tolerance

Reproductive system?

Number of propagules produced?

Seed longevity

Time to reach reproductive maturity?

Number of dispersal mechanisms?

How far do they disperse?

How much disturbance is required

15 questions about the biological properties of the plant.

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THREE MAIN PRINCIPLES

2. Is presently localised - but could spread much more

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Present and Potential distribution of Serrated Tussock

WHAT MAKES A PLANT MORE WEEDY?

Agreed Draft National Technical Specifications - CRC, National Weeds Strategy, Australian Weeds Committee

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THREE MAIN PRINCIPLES3. Impacts more on social, environmental and agricultural values

WHAT MAKES A PLANT MORE WEEDY?

Agreed Draft National Technical Specifications - CRC, National Weeds Strategy, Australian Weeds Committee

26 Impact Criteria - Social, Fauna & Flora, Natural Resources & Agriculture

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Impact Criteria

Recreation1. Restrict human access?2. Reduce tourism?3. Injurious to people?4. Damage to cultural sites?

Abiotic5. Impact flow?6. Impact water quality?7. Increase soil erosion?8. Reduce biomass?9. Change fire regime?

Community Habitat10. Impact on composition

(a) high value EVC(b) medium value EVC(c) low value EVC

11. Impact on structure?12. Effect on threatened flora?

Fauna13. Effect on threatened fauna?14. Effect on non-threatened fauna?15. Benefits fauna?16. Injurious to fauna?

Pest Animal 17. Food source to pests?18. Provides harbor?

Agriculture19. Impact yield?20. Impact quality?21. Affect land value?22. Change land use?23. Increase harvest costs?24. Disease host/vector?

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Impact Criteria WeightsJ w 2 S u g g e s t

0 0 .0 2 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 0 .0 8 0 .1 0 .1

R e s tr ic t h u m a n a c c e s s ?

R e d u c e th e ‘to u r is m / a e s th e tic s / re c re a tio n a l"

In ju r io u s , to x ic , o r s p in e s a f fe c t p e o p le ?

D a m a g e to in d ig e n o u s o r e u ro p e a n c u ltu ra l s i te s ?

Im p a c t o n w a te r q u a n t i ty o r f lo w

Im p a c t o n w a te r q u a l i ty

In c re a s e s o i l e ro s io n

R e d u c e th e b io m a s s

C h a n g e th e f re q u e n c y o r in te n s ity o f f i re s

Q u a n ti ty o r y ie ld

Q u a l i ty o f P ro d u c e

A ffe c t la n d v a lu e ?

C h a n g e in p r io r i ty o f la n d u s e ?

In c re a s e s th e c o s t o f h a rv e s t?

A lte rn a tiv e h o s t o r v e c to r fo r d is e a s e s

H ig h v a lu e E V C s

M e d iu m v a lu e E V C s

L o w v a lu e E V C s

S tru c tu re o f a v e g e ta t io n c o m m u n ity

T h re a te n e d f lo ra s p p .

T h re a te n e d fa u n a s p p .

N o n - th re a te n e d fa u n a s p p .

B e n e fi ts th e e s ta b l is h m e n t o f in d ig e n o u s fa u n a

T to x ic , i ts b u r rs o r s p in e s a ffe c t in d ig e n o u s fa u n a ?

P ro v id e a fo o d s o u rc e

H a b ita t o r h a rb o r fo r s e r io u s p e s ts

Floraand

Agric

NatResource

Social

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Recommended Level of Response

Level 3 = highest response, 1 = lowest

IMPACTHigh Impact Moderate Impact Low Impact

V Highly Inv &High Potential Level 3 Level 3 Level 2

InvasivePotential &

High Inv andHigh Potential Level 3 Level 2 Level 2

PotentialDistribution

Mod Inv andPotential Level 2 Level 2 Level 1

Mod Inv and LowPot (or vice versa) Level 2 Level 1 Level 1

Low Inv andPotential Level 1 Level 1 Level 1

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Process of weed invasionR

elat

ive

Abu

ndan

ce

Wee

d no

t pre

sent

Introduction

LocalisedPopulations

Multipleincreasing

populations

Widespread and/orabundant

Time

00

1 2 3 4

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Pre Entry Strategy

Government involvement;

Pre-entry weed risk assessment - based on probability of itbeing a serious weed -

• Previous history of a weed elsewhereGlobal Compendium of Weeds (over 40,000 species)

• Climate compatibility

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New Introduction

Government involvement;

• Finding new weed incursions

• Aiming at eradication of new weed incursion

• Limiting the spread of more widespread or minor weeds

• Extension program - WEED ALERTS

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Expanding

Government involvement;

• Possible enforcement of control

• Biological control

• Research into control methods

• Extension programs - Awareness of control methods

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Widespread

Government involvement;

• Biological control

• Research into control methods

• Developing integrated management systems.

• Extension programs - Awareness of control methods

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Government Control Options

Infestation Control Strategy Outcomes

Quarantine Extension On-Groundworks Compliance

Research andTechnology

Development

Pre-entry Prevention

NewIntroduction

Protection/ Eradication

Expanding Protection /Reduction

Widespread Reduction

+

+ =

++

+

=

=

=

+

1

2

3

4

+

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Noxious Weed Categories

State Prohibited weeds

• It does not occur in Victoria; OR

• It occurs in Victoria but it is reasonable to expect that it can beeradicated from the State

Eradication principles - CRC Weed Management - Program 1

• Total area is less than 100 ha (sometimes >1,000 ha)

• The weed occurs at three or fewer locations

• The weeds location is easily accessible

• The weed is readily detectable

• The weed is not being traded by nurseries

• Longevity of seed (extends eradication timeline)

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Noxious Weed Categories

State Prohibited weeds

• It does not occur in Victoria; OR

• It occurs in Victoria but it is reasonable to expect that it can beeradicated from the State

Regionally Prohibited weeds

• It is not widely distributed throughout the region; AND

• It is capable of spreading further in the region; AND

• It is reasonable to expect that it can be eradicated from theregion

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Noxious Weed Categories

Regionally Controlled weeds

• It occurs in the region; AND

• It is capable of spreading further in the region and should be stoppedfrom doing so; AND

• To prevent its spread, continuing control measures are required

?Restricted weeds

• It is a serious threat to primary production, Crown land, theenvironment or community health in another State; AND

• Has the potential to spread into and within Victoria; AND

• If sold or traded in Victoria there would be a risk of spreading to Vicand other states

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Process of weed invasionR

elat

ive

Abu

ndan

ce

Introduction

StateProhibited

RegionallyProhibited

Time0 0

RegionallyControlled

Restricted

1000 ha

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Pest Plant Assessment Outputs

• Invasiveness

• Present: Potential Distribution

• ImpactOverall Pest Plant Score

Give Ranking per CMAof all Noxious weeds -101spp

Cortaderia selloanaSalix albaSalix cinereaSalix babylonicaSalix x rubensAilanthus altissimaChrysanthemoides moniliferaCotoneaster glaucophyllusCoprosma repensDipogon lignosusHypericum androsaemumLeycesteria formosaLonicera japonicaRhamnus alaternusSollya heterophyllaUlex europaeusLigustrum vulgareLycium ferocissimumMarrubium vulgareMyriophyllum aquaticumMysiphyllum asparagoidesNassella neesianaNassella trichotomaOpuntia ficus-indicaOpuntia robustaOpuntia strictaOxalis pes-capraeOxylobium lanceolatumPaspalum dilatatumPennisetum clandestinumPhalaris aquaticaPhysalis viscosaPinus pinasterPinus radiata

Next step 2004 - 05 / 06

look at proposed newadditions to noxious weed &WONS

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Transparency

Information on decision making available to others.

NRE Resources onlinehttp://www.nre.vic.gov.au/web/root/Domino/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/vrohome

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WEED RISK ASSESSMENT is an

IMPERFECT WARNING SYSTEM

Obstacles

Some species have;

• Little biological information known

• Distribution data limited

• Limitations in Climatic modelling

• Difficulty in predicting uncertainty

“.. its probably the best we are going to get” (Hughes and Madden 2003)

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What is the difference we can make!

• Evaluation of government investment in pest management.

• Return to the community in savings to control cost of pestscontinuing to spread.

• Allows for different control strategies to be economicallyassessed.

Economic Evaluation

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Economic Evaluation

.

Govt intervention (Awareness, Control and Enforcement Strategy -maintain over 30 years)

Cost to government = $259,400 over 30 yearsLand managers costs = $3.5 M (Saving of $4.9M)Benefit of $17 for every $1 spent by government

The differencewe can make

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Economic Evaluation

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Govt intervention (Awareness, Control and Enforcement Strategy - eradicate itover 10 years)

Cost to government = $532,000 over 30yearsLand managers costs = $1.4 M (Saving of $7.1M)Benefit of $12 for every $1 spent by government

The differencewe can make

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3-Way Process

Review is complex process and requires input from the

3 main participants