BTEC Level 2: Sport – Extended Certificate

Unit 4

Anatomy & Physiology for Sport

P1 – Describe the structure and function of the skeletal system

Structure and Function of the Human Skeleton

Major functions

Support:

Movement:

Protection:

Blood Production:

Mineral storage:

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Differences between the male and female skeleton

There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

Describe each in the space below and give examples in the human body.

Long bones:

Short bones:

Flat bones:

Irregular bones:

Sesamoid bones:

Describe the gross anatomy and cellular structure of bone:

P2 – Describe the different classifications of joints

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Describe the 6 types of synovial joints and explain the movement available at each joint

Joint Type Example(s) Description of the joint Sporting example

Ball and Socket

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

Saddle

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Gliding

M1 – Explain the movements occurring at two synovial joints during 4 different types of activity

D1 - analyse the musculoskeletal actions occurring at four synovial joints during four different types of physical activity

Activity Synovial Joints Actions (M1) Muscular Action (D1)

Hip

Knee

Elbow

Ankle

Hip

Knee

Elbow

Shoulder

Hip

Knee

Elbow

Ankle

Shoulder

Elbow

Knee

Ankle

P3 – Identify the location of the major muscles in the human body

P4 – Describe / Explain / Analyse the types and function of muscle tissue in the body

Cardiac

Smooth

Striated / Skeletal

Structure and function

Structure and function

Structure and function

Muscle Fibres

there are three different types of skeletal muscle in humans the most important characteristics to distinguish between the three types are:

1. force of the contraction2. speed of the contraction3. endurance

Describe the characteristics of each fibre type and give an example of when it would be used in sport:

Slow Twitch (Type I)

Fast Twitch (Type IIa)

Fast Twitch (Type IIb)

M2 – give examples of three different types of muscular contraction relating to three different types of physical activity

Isotonic Isometric Isokinetic

P5 – Describe the structure and function of the Cardiovascular system

Name Description / Explanation of Function1. Aortic arch

2. Superior vena cava

3. Pulmonary vein

4. Pulmonary artery (R)

5. Right atrium

6. Tricuspid Valve

7. Right ventricle

8. Inferior vena cava

9. Pulmonary artery (L)

10. Pulmonary vein

11. Left atrium

12. Bicuspid Valve

13. Aortic Valve

14. Left ventricle

15. Descending aorta

Diagram of heart anatomy

Red indicates oxygenated blood flow

Blue indicates deoxygenated blood flow

Structure and function of blood vessels

The main functions of the circulatory system can be explained as follows:

Transport of respiratory gases:

Transport of nutrients:

Transport of metabolic wastes:

Transport of metabolites:

Immunological functions:

Transport of hormonal messengers:

Tunica media:

Tunica interna:

Tunica externa:

Tunica media:

Tunica interna:

Tunica externa:

Endothelial cells:

Thermoregulation:

Repair damage:

Explanation of the components and functions of blood

Red Blood Cells:

White Blood Cells:

Plasma:

Platelets:

P6 – Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system

Nasal Cavity:

Pharynx:

Larynx:

Trachea:

Bronchi:

Bronchioles:

Diaphragm:

Alveoli and Gaseous Exchange:

The role of thoracic respiratory muscles during exercise:

M3 / D2 - Evaluate how the cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide