Pertemuan 02 - Internal Combustion Engine

8/17/2019 Pertemuan 02 - Internal Combustion Engine

1/45

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEPertemuan 02

IST Akprind Yogyakarta


2/45

BENTUK - BENTUK ENERGI

Energi adalah besaran turunan dengan satuan Joule (Nm!

1. Energi Kinetik

Energy yang dimiliki oleh suatu benda yang bergerak denganke"epatan #

2. Energi Potensia

Energy yang tersimpan dalam benda karena posisinya

$ntuk sebuah pegas% energy potensialnya &

mhg E p =

2

2

1mv E k =


3/45

!. Energi Mekanis.

adalah energ gabungan antara energy kineti" dan energypotensial

Energi mekanis untuk mesin'mesin kalor

Sedangkan untuk benda'benda yang berputar energy mekanisini disebut dengan Torsi energy yang diperlukan atau

dihasilkan oleh poros

pk m E E E +=

V pW ∆=∆

Fr T =


4/45

". Energi Airan

adalah ker)a yang dilakukan oleh *uida untuk mendorong

se)umlah massa dari maupun keluar system

#. Ent$a%&

Se)umlah panas yang dimiliki oleh suatu *uida sehingga dapatmenaikkan temperature + 0, pada + mol *uida

'. Energi &ang terse(ia

pV W f =


5/45

-lasi.kasi Internal ,ombustion Engine

/ethod o Ignition

SI Engine

1 Stroke

orking ,y"les

,I Engine

2 Stroke

3e"ipro"ating

4asi" 5esign

3otary


6/45

)-Engine

Position an( N*+,ers o Piston

SingeC in(er

In-ineC&in(er


7/45

O%%ose(C&in(er

engines

Ra(iaO%%ose(

Piston


8/45

)a/e or Port Lo0ation

a L $ea(. , I $ea(. 0 3 $ea(.


9/45

3*e

Gasoine 4iese

NG

LPG A0o$os 5&(rogen 4*a 3*e

3*e Pre%aration

Car,*retion 3*e In6e0tion

Met$o( o 0ooing

ater 0ooe( Air Cooe(


10/45

A%ikasi o Re0i%ro0ating Engines


11/45

Anaogi Re0i%ro0ating PistonEngines


12/45

Re0i%ro0ating Motion to Rotar& Motion.

3*e 7 Air

Piston

Cranks$at


13/45

ABo0k BCa+s$at

C0o+,*stion0$a+,er

40onne0ting ro(ECrank0ase3Cranks$at

GC&in(er5e8$a*st+anio(

I5ea(9Intake Manio(Koi %anLPistonM %iston ringsN%*s$ ro(O s%ark %*gP)a/e

: ;ater 6a0ket.


14/45

T$e "-Stroke O%erating C&0e.


15/45

Ideal Engine ,y"les

• 6tto ,y"le (SI Engine!

• 5iesel ,y"le (,I Engine!


16/45

T5ERMO4


17/45

Proses'-1=

Proses intake *(ara %a(a tekanankonstan> P?Intake )a/e ter,*ka> e8$a*st /a/etert*t*%

P1 @ P' @ P?

Proses

1-2=

Proses Ko+%resi

Isentro%ik Intake )a/e (an e8$a*st /a/etert*t*%

1-2 @ ?

( )'1?1' //P; −=−

( )

k 1

/P/P; 112221

−

−=−

( ) ( ) 1k 011k

2112 rT//TT −− ==

( ) ( )k 01k

2112 rP//PP ==


18/45

Proses2-!=

Proses 5eat In%*t %a(a )o*+eKonstanIntake )a/e (an e8$a*st/a/e tert*t*%

4i+ana=

T4C2! /// ==?; !-2 =

+a8! TT = +a8! PP =

)() 2!2!/in!-2 **TT0 −=−==

)2!/+5) in!-2 TT0+:+:: −=== cη

a+ +++ +=

TT10A3: 2!/5) −+=cη


19/45

Proses!-"=

Langka$ Eks%ansiPo;er

Intake )a/e (an e8$a*st/a/e tert*t*%

!-" @ ?

( ) ( ) 1k 0!1k

"!!" r1T//TT −− ==

( ) ( )k 0!k

"!!" r1P//PP ==

( )

k 1

/P/P; !!"""!

−

−=−

TT0** "!/"! −=−


20/45

Proses"-#=

0onstant /o*+e $eat re6e0tion

Intake )a/e tert*t*% (an e8$a*st/a/e ter,*ka

Proses

#-'=

0onstant %ress*re e8$a*st

strokeIntake )a/e tert*t*% (an e8$a*st/a/e ter,*ka

B4C1"# //// ===?; #"- =

?'# PPP ==

)"#/o*t#"- TT0 −==

)"#/"##"- TT0** −=−=

)()( 1'?#'?'-# //P//P; −=−=


21/45

T$er+a E0ien0& Sik*s I(eaOTTO

( )

1k

0OTTO r

1

1

−

−=t η


22/45

Thermodynami"s Analysis o Air'Standard 5IESE7 ,Y,7ES

5IESE7 ,Y,7ES ,I Engine

:o*t

:in


23/45

Proses'-1=

Proses intake *(ara %a(a tekanankonstan> P?Intake )a/e ter,*ka> e8$a*st /a/etert*t*%

Proses1-2=

Proses Ko+%resiIsentro%ik Intake )a/e (an e8$a*st

/a/e tert*t*%1-2 @ ? /2 @ /T4C

( )'1?1' //P; −=

−

( )

k 1

/P/P; 112221 −

−=−

( ) ( ) 1k 011k

2112 rT//TT −− ==

( ) ( )k 01k

2112 rP//PP ==


24/45

Proses2-!=

Proses 5eat In%*t %a(a TekananKonstanIntake )a/e (an e8$a*st/a/e tert*t*%

C*toD Ratio=

/-/P; 2!2!-2 =

+a8! TT =

)() 2!2!%in!-2 $$TT0AA −=−==)2!%+5) in!-2 TT0+:+:: −=== cη

2

!

2

!

T

T

/

/==β


25/45

Proses!-"=

Langka$ Eks%ansiPo;er

Intake )a/e (an e8$a*st/a/e tert*t*%

!-" @ ?

( ) ( ) 1k 0!1k

"!!" r1T//TT −− ==

( ) ( )k 0!k

"!!" r1P//PP ==

( )

k 1

/P/P; !!"""!

−

−=−

TT0** "!/"! −=−


26/45

Proses"-#=

0onstant /o*+e $eat re6e0tion

Intake )a/e tert*t*% (an e8$a*st/a/e ter,*ka

Proses

#-'=

0onstant %ress*re e8$a*st

strokeIntake )a/e tert*t*% (an e8$a*st/a/e ter,*ka

B4C1"# //// ===?; #"- =

?'# PPP ==

)"#/o*t#"- TT0 −==

)"#/"##"- TT0** −=−=

)()( 1'?#'?'-# //P//P; −=−=


27/45

T$er+a E0ien0& Sik*s I(ea4IESEL

( ) ( )( ){ }

−−

−=

−

1k 1

r11

k 1k

0

4IESEL β β η t


28/45

)0 @ 0earan0e

/o*+e)( @ (is%a0e(

/o*+e)t @ tota 0&in(er/o*+esT4C @ To% 4ea(CenterB4C @ Botto+ 4ea(Center

Basi0 geo+etr& o t$e re0i%ro0ating ICengine.

B @ ,ore

L @ stroke

I @ 0onne0ting ro( engt$

a @ 0rank ra(i*s

θ @ 0rank ange.

T5,

45,


29/45

Geo+etr& Para+eters o Piston Engine

tio o 0&in(er ,ore to %iston stroke=

S+a Me(i*+ SiFe = BL @ ?. H 1.2

T$e stroke an( 0rank ra(i*s arereate( ,&=

So; S%ee( CI Engines= BL @ ?.# H ?.

R@ ! H "

R@ # H J

atio o Con ro( to Crank Ra(i*s=

L

BR BL =

a

R =

2aL =


30/45

4is%a0e+ent )o*+eS;e%t)o*+eOneC&in(er=

NC C&in(er=

Mini+*+Cearan0e)o*+e

Ma8i+*+ )o*+e

O%erating Para+eters o Piston Engine

LB"

) 2(8

=

LB"N) 2

C(

8

=

(0B4C ))) +=

T4C0 )) =


31/45

Co+%ression ratio:

T&%i0a& Co+%ression ratio:

SI Engines= - 12

CI Engines= 12 - 2"

0

(0

+in

+a80)

))

)

)r +==


32/45


33/45

4istan0e ,et;een t$e 0rank a8is an( t$e%iston %in a8is

))0 (a%at (it*iskan se,agai=

Mean %istons%ee( =

( ) 21

222 sinaa0oss θθ −+=

( ) ( )[ ]212200

sinR0os1R1r

2

11

)

)θθ −−−+−+=

2LNS% =


34/45

Instantaneo*s %istons%ee( =

p

p

S

S

−+

=θ

θθ

π

22%

%

sinR

0os1sin

2S

S


35/45

POER

Brake Po;er

N @ P*taran r%+

@ Tor*e N.+

In(i0ate( Po;er

η+

@ esiensi +ekanis

3ri0tion Po;er

1 $% @ ?."' k

1 k @ 1>!" $%

ττ N2., π=

•

m

b

i

W W

η

•

•

=

,i ...•••

−=


36/45

Mean EDe0ti/e Press*re

rake Mean EDe0ti/e Press*re

n@ %*taran %er sik*s = 1 *nt*k 2 tak (an 2*nt*k " tak

(i0ate( Mean EDe0ti/e Press*re

ri0tion Mean EDe0ti/e Press*re

()

n2,+e%

πτ

=

+

,+e

i+e% η=

,+ei+e%+e% −=

n

)8,+e% (== πτ 2bW


37/45


38/45

Air 3*e Ratio

3*e Air Ratio

' A3 1JGasoine

1 A3 ?4iese

+a @ +ass o air + @ +ass o *e

@ +ass o; rate o air @ +ass o; rate o *ea+•

+•

a

a

+

+

+

+A3 •

•

==

A3

1

+

+

+

+3A

a

a

===

•

•


39/45

E*i/aen0e Ratio

@1ean ri0$

Lean +i8t*re @ *(ara ,ere,i$Ri0$ +i8t*re @ ,a$an ,akar ,ere,i$

Gasoine= A3stoi0$ @ 1".'

Isoo0tane C51=A3stoi0$ @ 1#.1"

4iese= A3stoi0$ @ 1".#

( )

( )a0t

stoi0$

A3

A3=Ø


40/45

rake S%e0i0 3*e Cons*+%tion

(i0ate( S%e0i0 3*e Cons*+%tion

S%e0i0 3*e Cons*+%tion

Me0$ani0a E0ien0& in

ter+ o *e0ons*+%tion

,

.

+, •

•

= sfc

i

.

+i •

•

= sfc

bsfc

isfcm =η


41/45


42/45


43/45

E33ICIENC


44/45

3*e Con/ersion E0ien0&

)o*+etri0 E0ien0&

+a @ +ass o air into 0&in(er orone 0&0e

ρa @ (ensit& o

air

HV f

f

Qm

W •

•

=η

d a

a

vV

m

ρ η =

RT

P)

++a8

a =

RT

Pa =ρ


45/45

Air Pro%erties at STP

P? @ 1?1!2# kPa @ 1

at+T? @ 2#?C@ 2J

K

R @ ?.2k9kg.K ρa @ 1.1 kg+!

Pertemuan 02 - Internal Combustion Engine

Documents

Transcript of Pertemuan 02 - Internal Combustion Engine