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Formulating a Persuasive Formulating a Persuasive EssayEssay

(Clarifications on the Baseline (Clarifications on the Baseline Essay)Essay)

TitleTitleThe title of your essay is like the title of a The title of your essay is like the title of a book; your readers “judge a book by it’s book; your readers “judge a book by it’s cover.” cover.” The title of your persuasive essay is to The title of your persuasive essay is to intrigue the readers to read your essay.intrigue the readers to read your essay.Be creative! Be creative! You can create your title before or after You can create your title before or after you write the essay.you write the essay.Your title should be a prevalent theme in Your title should be a prevalent theme in your essay or recurring and significant your essay or recurring and significant idea.idea.

What NOT to do!What NOT to do!Do not use Do not use “I”“I” (“I think/believe”)(“I think/believe”) or or “You”“You” (unless you are giving an anecdote or (unless you are giving an anecdote or using a hypothetical situation). “One” or using a hypothetical situation). “One” or “he/she” is acceptable.“he/she” is acceptable.Start a sentence with “And..” “So…” Start a sentence with “And..” “So…” “Because…” “Well…”“Because…” “Well…”Write numbers (unless they are above 10 Write numbers (unless they are above 10 or if you are inserting a quote). or if you are inserting a quote). Example: Example: “4” “4” “four” “four”Repeat yourself Repeat yourself

Be Aware of Your Audience!Be Aware of Your Audience!

Who are you writing to? Who are you writing to?

Gear your topics towards your target Gear your topics towards your target and relate with them. and relate with them. (Hint-Ethos, (Hint-Ethos, Logos, Pathos.. ) Logos, Pathos.. )

Assume your audience knows Assume your audience knows NOTHING about your topic! NOTHING about your topic!

ALWAYS use names (don’t ALWAYS use names (don’t repeat “He,” “She,” “It.”)repeat “He,” “She,” “It.”)

Past Tense or Present Tense?Past Tense or Present Tense?Are you writing about an incident that Are you writing about an incident that already happened, or something that is already happened, or something that is currently happening?currently happening?Be consistent with your tense.Be consistent with your tense.

Example: Example: Tamara went to the store and is going to Tamara went to the store and is going to buy sushibuy sushiTamara is going to the store; she will buy Tamara is going to the store; she will buy sushi.sushi.Tamara went to the store and bought Tamara went to the store and bought sushi sushi

Challenge Yourself to Use Challenge Yourself to Use Advanced VocabularyAdvanced Vocabulary

Replace words like: Replace words like: A lotA lot several, many, varied, numerous, ample several, many, varied, numerous, ampleThingThing name the object name the objectGotGot receive, retrieved, accept, collect, obtain receive, retrieved, accept, collect, obtainStuffStuff name the items name the itemsIf you don’t know how to spell or correctly use If you don’t know how to spell or correctly use

the word, rephrase your sentence.the word, rephrase your sentence.Using bland vocabulary bores the reader and Using bland vocabulary bores the reader and

appears uneducated; therefore, it will not appears uneducated; therefore, it will not likely compel the reader to think you are a likely compel the reader to think you are a credible source. credible source.

Why Do Writer Use Quotes Why Do Writer Use Quotes From Other People?From Other People?

Writer Will Use What Other Say in Writer Will Use What Other Say in Order to:Order to:

Support a claimSupport a claimCorroborate a story or ideaCorroborate a story or ideaIllustrate an idea being presentedIllustrate an idea being presentedEstablish an accepted view or beliefEstablish an accepted view or beliefChallenge or criticize what someone has Challenge or criticize what someone has saidsaidOffer opposing views (readers concern)Offer opposing views (readers concern)Identify errors in someone’s reasoning or Identify errors in someone’s reasoning or logiclogicAcknowledge someone for saying or doing Acknowledge someone for saying or doing something.something.

What MUST You Do After Using a What MUST You Do After Using a Quote??Quote??

((Supplement your essay with other quotes to support your idea in Supplement your essay with other quotes to support your idea in one form or another)one form or another)

CITE YOUR SOURCE!!!!CITE YOUR SOURCE!!!! (If you don’t give credit to the (If you don’t give credit to the original author, you are plagiarizing! Plagiarism is illegal!)original author, you are plagiarizing! Plagiarism is illegal!)

Example:Example: ““School officials must have the flexibility to act School officials must have the flexibility to act quickly and decisively to avert all manner or quickly and decisively to avert all manner or dangerdanger”(”(Author’s last name, pg #Author’s last name, pg #) or) or ((Strip Searches in Strip Searches in SchoolSchool,, 1 1))..

EXPLAIN YOUR QUOTE IN EXPLAIN YOUR QUOTE IN YOUR OWNYOUR OWN WORDS! WORDS!

Persuasive OutlinePersuasive Outline¶ #1 ¶ #1 Hook, Background Information, Hook, Background Information, and Thesis. and Thesis. ¶ #2¶ #2 Topic Sentence, Evidence/Support, Topic Sentence, Evidence/Support, and Explanation.and Explanation.¶ #3¶ #3 Topic Sentence, Evidence/Support, Topic Sentence, Evidence/Support, and Explanationand Explanation¶ #4¶ #4 Readers Concern and Counter Readers Concern and Counter ArgumentArgument¶ #5¶ #5 Restate thesis, give a solution or Restate thesis, give a solution or call to action, concluding sentence/ call to action, concluding sentence/ clincher.clincher.

IntroductionIntroductionHook (getting started with the Hook (getting started with the

opening line)opening line)Startling StatementStartling Statement: : Freedom of speech should Freedom of speech should be abolished!be abolished!Vital Question:Vital Question: Could the crack and stained Could the crack and stained personal notebooks of Walt Whitman truly be personal notebooks of Walt Whitman truly be worth $500,000?worth $500,000?Humorous Statement:Humorous Statement: Mark Twain once Mark Twain once commented about his writing, “My books are commented about his writing, “My books are water, those of the greatest genius are wine. water, those of the greatest genius are wine. Everybody drinks water.”Everybody drinks water.”Figure of speech:Figure of speech: ‘Absence makes the heart grow ‘Absence makes the heart grow fonder,’ unless of course, you’re happy to be rd of fonder,’ unless of course, you’re happy to be rd of the old buzzard. In Kate Chopin’s “Story of an the old buzzard. In Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour,” it is the unexpected (and unwelcome) Hour,” it is the unexpected (and unwelcome) return of her dead Mrs. Mallard’s husband that return of her dead Mrs. Mallard’s husband that causes her heart seizure.causes her heart seizure.

IntroductionIntroductionBackground InformationBackground Information

Provide a couple sentences giving the Provide a couple sentences giving the reader a brief description of what your reader a brief description of what your (source/article) is about. (source/article) is about. Assume the Assume the reader knows NOTHING about what you reader knows NOTHING about what you have read. have read. Give the Authors Name and Title of the Give the Authors Name and Title of the ArticleArticle (does not matter which order)(does not matter which order)

Example: Example: Author Walter William’s in Author Walter William’s in “Association With Reprehensible Behavior” “Association With Reprehensible Behavior” claims that it is acceptable to racial profile claims that it is acceptable to racial profile when the majority of that race is when the majority of that race is committing that crimecommitting that crime..

Thesis/Argument StatementThesis/Argument StatementOne DIRECT statement stating your main One DIRECT statement stating your main argument! argument! NoNo “I think” “I think” oror “I believe” “I believe” oror “You should.”“You should.”This is ONLY ONE sentence!This is ONLY ONE sentence!

ExampleExample: : Students must be educated about Students must be educated about the environments limited resources and the environments limited resources and the mass destruction society has created the mass destruction society has created in order to take a step in conserving the in order to take a step in conserving the planet and the welfare of mankind's planet and the welfare of mankind's survival. survival.

Topic SentenceTopic SentenceThis is NOT a summary of what you read in This is NOT a summary of what you read in the article. the article. Give a topic/reason as to why you are Give a topic/reason as to why you are making your claim and carefully decide making your claim and carefully decide what quotes from the article you can use what quotes from the article you can use AS EVIDENCE to support your claim. AS EVIDENCE to support your claim. You can either use direct quotes or You can either use direct quotes or paraphrase, but you MUST cite your paraphrase, but you MUST cite your source.source.Explain your quote.Explain your quote.

What is a Readers Concern?What is a Readers Concern?

What is the point of a What is the point of a

Readers Concern?Readers Concern?

Readers Concern and PurposeReaders Concern and PurposeReaders Concern: Providing opposing viewpoint Readers Concern: Providing opposing viewpoint (usually a weak viewpoint that is against your (usually a weak viewpoint that is against your own)own)

Purpose: To give your article credit, because let’s Purpose: To give your article credit, because let’s face it, nothing is perfect! Everything/everyone face it, nothing is perfect! Everything/everyone has a flaw (except Beyonce)! has a flaw (except Beyonce)!

Example: (Legalizing Marijuana) One might say Example: (Legalizing Marijuana) One might say that marijuana is less harmful to the body than that marijuana is less harmful to the body than cigarettes and cigarettes are legal. However….. cigarettes and cigarettes are legal. However….. (here comes the (here comes the SLAP DOWN/Counterargument).SLAP DOWN/Counterargument).

ConclusionConclusionEqually important as the introductionEqually important as the introduction! !

Restate your thesis (change up the Restate your thesis (change up the wording to present the same message). wording to present the same message).

Give a solution (can be a compromise) OR Give a solution (can be a compromise) OR call to action (demand something of your call to action (demand something of your audience…vote for me!)audience…vote for me!)

Concluding sentence/clincher (say Concluding sentence/clincher (say something “catchy” to leave the reader something “catchy” to leave the reader thinking, compelled, or inspired.)thinking, compelled, or inspired.)

When Your DoneWhen Your Done

Proofread!! Proofread!!

Check: Check:

-Each paragraph includes all its parts-Each paragraph includes all its parts

-Spelling/context-Spelling/context

-Grammar-Grammar

-Sentence Structure/ Word Choice-Sentence Structure/ Word Choice

10 Tips for Improved Student 10 Tips for Improved Student WritingWriting

Longer is Longer is usually usually betterbetterFirst sentence should compel the readers First sentence should compel the readers attentionattentionDon’t repeat evidence in your conclusionDon’t repeat evidence in your conclusionEvery quotation requires explanation and sourceEvery quotation requires explanation and sourceAvoid repeating wordsAvoid repeating wordsVary Sentence lengths and structureVary Sentence lengths and structureEvery sentence must somehow be connected- NO Every sentence must somehow be connected- NO “random” sentences (there must be purpose).“random” sentences (there must be purpose).Use transitional phrasesUse transitional phrasesRead your paper (out loud) before you turn it in.Read your paper (out loud) before you turn it in.Use a consistent tense (past tense OR present Use a consistent tense (past tense OR present tense)tense)