Perspectives of energy recovery from food waste generated...

AUTh/LHTEE

BIOREGIO5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Perspectives of energy recovery from food waste generated from hotels

G. Perkoulidis and N. MoussiopoulosAristotle University Thessaloniki,

Lab. of Heat Transfer and Environmental EngineeringE-mail: [email protected]

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Aristotle University Thessaloniki (AUTh) – Faculty of Engineering - Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE)

Sources: http://aix.meng.auth.gr/lhtee/index.html, https://www.auth.gr/, https://www.eng.auth.gr/en/home.html

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LHTEE profile and history

Source: http://aix.meng.auth.gr/lhtee/index.html

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Introduction

Source: AccorHotels, 2016 Source: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/emas/takeagreenstep/pdf/BEMP-2.2-FINAL.pdf

Typical and best practice carbon footprint and hotspot sources for a meal of 0.2 kg beef, 0.1 kg asparagus, and 0.4 kg potato

Reduction of environmental footprint in hotels

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Tourism - climate change and anaerobic digestion process

Source: http://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/activities/emas/documents/TourismBEMP.pdf

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unsorted waste generation for good performing mid-range hotels

Source: http://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/activities/emas/documents/TourismBEMP.pdf

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Preparation, buffet and customer plate leftover waste in a hotel

Source: Papargyropoulou et al., 2016

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17,240 biogas and 367 biomethane plants in Europe

Source: European Biogas Association, 2017

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The aimTo propose an economic and environmentally sustainable solution for energy recovery from food waste in hotels located in Central Macedonia, Greece

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Hotels are located in urban and rural areas

Source: Google Earth ®

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The seven regional units of Central Macedonia, Greece

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Number of beds in hotels in Central Macedonia

Source: Papadimitriou, 1995 Source: Regional Association of Solid Waste Management Agencies of Central Macedonia, 2016

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Percentage of produced food waste in the regional units of Central Macedonia

• Occupancy rate of beds in hotels during the tourist season: 70% of hotels’ capacity

• 68 t of food waste / day = 70% x 88,196 beds x 1.1 kg of food waste per customer and day

Source: Regional Association of Solid Waste Management Agencies of Central Macedonia, 2016

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Produced biowaste during the 6 months of tourist season in the regional units

Regional unit Number of beds in hotels

Produced biowaste (t/d)

Produced biowaste during 6

months (t)Chalkidiki 46495 36 6444Imathia 1586 1 220Kilkis 825 1 114Pella 2787 2 386Pieria 20089 15 2784Serres 2079 2 288Thessaloniki 14335 11 1987

Total 88196 68 12224

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Anaerobic digestion pilot projects involved in food waste treatment

Technical specifications Capacity Estimated biomethaneoutput (10,000 m3/year)

High-temperature hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, co-digestion

Sludge: 435 t/d; food waste: 65 t/d 612-816

Co-digestion Food waste: 500 t/d; sludge: 100 t/d; other bio-municipal solid waste: 50 t/d

1,429

Co-digestion Sludge: 600 t/d and expired food 959-1,061High-solids anaerobic digestion Food waste: 300 t/d 551Co-digestion Sludge: 200 t/d; food waste: 50 t/d 306Co-digestion Food waste: 200 t/d; sludge: 250 t/d; dead

livestock: 30 t/d1,163

Co-digestion Sludge: 300 t/d; food waste: 200 t/d 561Impurity removal, oil-water separation, anaerobic digestion

Food waste: 2,200 t/d; sludge: 250 t/d. 1,470

Co-digestion Biodegradable municipal waste: 600 t/d; food waste: 80 t/d

306

Co-digestion Biodegradable municipal waste: 1,200 t/d; food waste: 500 t/d

571

Anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis

Sludge: 300 t/d; food waste: 200 t/d 561

Source: De Clercq et al., 2016

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Calculated treatment cost in low capacity anaerobic digestion facilities

Low-cost systems can produce electricity and be economically viable in ways similar to the large-scale, capital-intensive systems

Source: Lansing et al., 2008

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Contribution of anaerobic digestion process to climate (1/2) By diverting 1 t of biodegradable waste from a landfill

towards anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and fertilisers could prevent up to 2 t of CO2 equivalent emissions as it was stated by a review of comparative Life Cycle Assessment of food waste management systems and by European Commission

The emission factor of 185 kg CO2 eq./t of biowastetreated through anaerobic digestion was proposed by Smith et al. (2001) for calculating the total greenhouse gas flux, where the sum of fossil and sequestered C were taken into account

Sources: Bernstad and la Cour, 2012, EU, 2017, Smith et al. 2001

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Contribution of anaerobic digestion process to climate (2/2) The emission factor of

126 kg CO2 eq./t of biowaste treated through anaerobic digestion was proposed by DEFRA (2011) for calculating the total greenhouse gas flux

Sources: Athens Biowaste model software, 2015

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Energy recovery potential during the 6 months of tourist seasonRegional

unitNumber of

beds in hotels

Produced biowaste (t/d)

Produced biowaste during

6 months (t)

Energy recovery during 6 months

(MWh)Chalkidiki 46,495 36 6,444 1,444Imathia 1,586 1 220 49Kilkis 825 1 114 26Pella 2,787 2 386 87Pieria 20,089 15 2,784 624Serres 2,079 2 288 65Thessa-loniki

14,335 11 1,987 445

Total 88,196 68 12,224 2,740

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Available options and implementations for anaerobic digestion

Turn dog poop into energy

Slaughterhouse

Rural technology <-> Urban environmentCombined with other organic waste

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/waterloo-ont-to-turn-dog-poop-into-energy-fertilizer-in-pilot-program/article34796082/, 16/06/2017

Source: Gkamarazi, 2015 (available at: http://cest2015.gnest.org/papers/cest2015_00212_oral_paper.pdf, 16/06/2017)

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1st available option for the hotel industry – Co-digestion One digestion

facility in Chalkidiki with an annual capacity of 20,000 t

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2nd available option for the hotel industry – Low budget facilities At least two low budget

anaerobic digestion facilities with an installation capacity ranged from 15 to 38 t/day

The amount of energy that can be recovered depends on technologies that vary considerably in design, engineering and performance

Source: Lansing et al., 2008

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Annual GHG avoidance achievable for a single campsite

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/emas/takeagreenstep/pdf/BEMP-9.5-FINAL.pdf

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Conclusions (1/2)

The amount of food waste that has to be disposed in landfills in the regional units of Central Macedonia could be reduced by 10% w/w [68 t of food waste from hotels / (35% w/w * 1,900 t of municipal solid waste)]

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Conclusions (2/2)

The total greenhouse gas emission savings from the anaerobic digestion of hotel biowaste in the seven regional units of Central Macedonia during the tourist season of six months will be 2,261 t CO2

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Sources

http://aix.meng.auth.gr/lhtee/index.html https://www.auth.gr/ https://www.eng.auth.gr/en/home.html http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/waste-to-

energy.pdf

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Thank you!

Perspectives of energy recovery from food waste generated...

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