Persons with Down Syndrome and the Alzheimers Connection.
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Transcript of Persons with Down Syndrome and the Alzheimers Connection.
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Persons with Down Syndrome Persons with Down Syndrome and the Alzheimers and the Alzheimers
ConnectionConnection
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MemoryMemoryJust a line to say I’m living, that I’m not among
the dead; though I’m getting more forgetful and mixed up in my head.
For sometimes I can’t remember when I stand at the foot of the stairs if I must go up for something or I’ve just come down from there.
And before the refrigerator, so often my poor mind is filled with doubt, have I just put food away or have I come to take some out?
I’ve got used to my arthritis, to my dentures I’m resigned, I can manage by bifocals, but, Oh God, I miss my mind!
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What is Alzheimers?What is Alzheimers?
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DefinitionDefinition Progressive, degenerative disease of the neurological
system Irreversible deterioration of the intellect and emotions It affects over 4 million American adults It is the fourth leading cause of death in adults after
heart disease, cancer, and stroke Pre-senile and senile dementia are used to describe
any diminished capacity to think and to understand
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SymptomsSymptoms Cells of the brain are affected, causing
severe intellectual impairment and changes in mental and neurological functioning
Changes occur in the cerebral cortex – the outer layer of the brain
An accumulation of protein called “tangles” occur in the area of the brain that control recent short-term memory. This area of the brain is the “hippocampus”. This protein is located in the skin and intestines as well as the brain.
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Synapse
Axon
NucleusCell Body
Bendrites
Healthy Neuron
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Plaques
Granulovacuolar
Degeneration
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DISINTEGRATION
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StagesStages
stages for the generic population
There are Stages for persons with Down Syndrome
There are
Each stage can last up to years
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Stage OneStage One
Anxiety or depression over memory loss
Decreased efficiency in performance
Defensiveness
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Stage TwoStage Two
Marked disorientation
Reduced capacity for speech
Decreased motor dexterity
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Stage ThreeStage Three Loss of self-help skills
Incontinence
Seizures develop
Delusional, persectory and hallucinatory behavior is exhibited
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CausesCauses The cause is unknown
Suspected causes are:
A gene in the 21st gene
Slow virus or other infectious agent
Accumulation of aluminum or other toxins
Changes in immune system relating to aging
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DiagnosisDiagnosis There is no single clinical test to identify
Alzheimers
Other conditions must be ruled out:
Depression
Head injuries or brain tumor
Adverse drug reaction
Nutrition deficienciesMenopause
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DiagnosisDiagnosis
A diagnosis of Alzheimers can be confirmed only after death by performing an autopsy
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Alzheimers LossesAlzheimers LossesShort Term Memory
New learning ability
Reasoning and abstracting
Judgment, planning and foresight
Language skills
Inhibition/impulse control
Sense of intimacy
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Behavioral ChangesBehavioral ChangesPacingRummagingHand wringingAgitation
InsistencePublic Masturbation
FearfulnessSexual commentsHallucinations/DelusionsWithdrawal
Repeating questions
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Physical FactorsPhysical Factors
Urinary tract infections Bowel impaction Dehydration Seizures Pain/discomfort Mood swings
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StrategiesStrategies
Provide quiet time Alleviate boredom Avoid many changes Keep choices simple keep consistent schedule Reduce stimuli Provide decaf beverages Limit length of conversation
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Communication TechniquesCommunication Techniques
Identify yourself Use calm, clear voice Eliminate background noise Use short, simple sentences Use one-step commands Ask yes/no questions Use word cues
Make direct eye contact
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Written Communication
Label the environment
Keep a schedule of the day
Use notes as reminders
Non-Verbal Communications
Use an open, gentle approach
Hold out items
Wave goodbye
Use expression of concern
Nod your head
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Increasing Quality Increasing Quality of Lifeof Life
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Use the R’sUse the R’s
Remain calm Respond to feelings Reassure the person Remove yourself Return later
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And Also:And Also:Be aware of client needs, information and
resources available
Identify aspects of disease and screen their problems
Provide treatment through program development
Advocate and refer for further treatment
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ProgrammingProgrammingReality Orientation: Brings information
regarding time, place, person, and things
Sensory Stimulation: Activities are presented to accentuate a particular sense
Re-socialization: Uses group techniques to stress interpersonal relationships
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Attitude!
Attitude!