PERSONALITY PRESENTED BY ZAKIR HUSSAIN What is Personality? s People differ from s each other in...
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Transcript of PERSONALITY PRESENTED BY ZAKIR HUSSAIN What is Personality? s People differ from s each other in...
What is Personality?People differ
from each other in meaningful ways
People seem to show some consistency in behavior
Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
•Personality refers to a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions.•Personality is an interaction between biology and environment.
Four Theories of Personality
1.Trait (specific dimensions of personality)
2.Psychoanalytic ( unconscious
motivations)
3.Humanistic (inner capacity for growth)
4.Social-Cognitive (influence of environment)
Personality TraitsTraits are relatively stable and consistent
personal characteristicsTrait personality theories suggest that a
person can be described on the basis of some number of personality traitsAllport identified some 4,500 traitsCattel used factor analysis to identify 30-35 basic
traitsEysenck argued there are 3 distinct traits in
personality Extraversion/introversion Neuroticism Psychotocism
Allport
Emotional Stability•Calm/Anxious• Secure/Insecure
Extraversion•Sociable/Retiring• Fun Loving/Sober
Openness • Imaginative/Practical• Independent/Conforming
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
• Soft-Hearted/Ruthless• Trusting/Suspicious
• Organized/Disorganized• Careful/Careless
Assessing Traits: An Example Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI)the most widely researched and clinically
used of all personality testsdeveloped to identify emotional disorders
MMPI: examples
• Nothing in the newspaper interests me except the comics.”
• “I get angry sometimes.”
Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic theory, as devised by Freud,
attempts to explain personality on the basis of unconscious mental forces
Levels of consciousness Conscious
What we’re aware of Preconscious
Memories etc. that can be recalled
UnconsciousWishes, feelings,
impulses that lies beyond awareness
Structures of Personality Id
Operates according to the “pleasure principle”
EgoOperates according to
the “reality” principle Superego
Contains values and ideals
Unconsciousbelow the surface
(thoughts, feelings,wishes, memories)
Repressionbanishing unacceptablethoughts & passions to
unconsciousDreams & Slips
“ The mind is like an iceburg – Mostly hidden”
Conscious Awarenesssmall part above surface
(Preconscious)
Freud & Personality StructureId - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives
Pleasure Principle
Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic waysReality Principle
Super Ego- voice of consciencethat focuses on howwe ought to behave
EgoSuperEgo
Id
Humanistic TheoryHumanistic personality theories reject
psychoanalytic notionsHumanistic theories view each person as basically
good and that people are striving for self-fulfillmentHumanistic theory argues that people carry a
perception of themselves and of the worldThe goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a
positive self-concept
Carl Rogers•We have needs for:
•Self-consistency (absence of conflict between self-perceptions•Congruence (consistency between self-perceptions and experience)
•People with low self-esteem generally have poor congruence between their self-concepts and life experiences.
Humanistic Perspectives▲Abraham Maslow emphasized the
basic goodness of human nature and a natural tendency toward self-actualization.
Behavior learned throughconditioning & observation
What we think about our situationaffects our behavior
Interaction ofEnvironment & Intellect
Locus of Control Internal locus of controlYou pretty much control your own destiny
External locus of controlLuck, chance, and powerful others control
behavior
10 Good Traits and Characteristics of a Successful Manager
1.SELF MOTIVATION.2. GREAT CUTOMER SERVICES SKILLS.3.INTERGRITY AND TRUTHWORTHINESS.4. BEING A TEAM PLAYER.5.CONFLICT RESOLUTION ABILITIES.6. KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY.7.DEPENDABILITY.8. ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM.9. OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE.10. LEADER-SHIP SKILLS.